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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Critical response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terrorist_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorist_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Terrorist attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrorist_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Death threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_bans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_bans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Censorship and bans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_bans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> (film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(rolprent)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (rolprent) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ (rolprent)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="الإغراء الأخير للسيد المسيح (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإغراء الأخير للسيد المسيح (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(cinta)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (cinta) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ (cinta)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Последното изкушение на Христос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Последното изкушение на Христос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posledn%C3%AD_poku%C5%A1en%C3%AD_Krista" title="Poslední pokušení Krista – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poslední pokušení Krista" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_letzte_Versuchung_Christi" title="Die letzte Versuchung Christi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die letzte Versuchung Christi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Ο τελευταίος πειρασμός (ταινία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο τελευταίος πειρασμός (ταινία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%C3%BAltima_tentaci%C3%B3n_de_Cristo" title="La última tentación de Cristo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La última tentación de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_lasta_tento_de_Kristo_(filmo)" title="La lasta tento de Kristo (filmo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La lasta tento de Kristo (filmo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(filma)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (filma) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ (filma)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="آخرین وسوسه مسیح (فیلم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخرین وسوسه مسیح (فیلم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Derni%C3%A8re_Tentation_du_Christ_(film)" title="La Dernière Tentation du Christ (film) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Dernière Tentation du Christ (film)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%8F%84_%EC%B5%9C%ED%9B%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%B9" title="그리스도 최후의 유혹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스도 최후의 유혹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posljednje_Kristovo_isku%C5%A1enje_(1988.)" title="Posljednje Kristovo iskušenje (1988.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Posljednje Kristovo iskušenje (1988.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (film) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ (film)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27ultima_tentazione_di_Cristo" title="L'ultima tentazione di Cristo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'ultima tentazione di Cristo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="הפיתוי האחרון של ישו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיתוי האחרון של ישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus_p%C4%93d%C4%93jais_k%C4%81rdin%C4%81jums_(filma)" title="Kristus pēdējais kārdinājums (filma) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristus pēdējais kārdinājums (filma)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paskutinis_Kristaus_gundymas" title="Paskutinis Kristaus gundymas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paskutinis Kristaus gundymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisztus_utols%C3%B3_megk%C3%ADs%C3%A9rt%C3%A9se_(film)" title="Krisztus utolsó megkísértése (film) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Krisztus utolsó megkísértése (film)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Последното искушение на Христос (филм) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Последното искушение на Христос (филм)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="الاغراء الاخير للمسيح (فيلم) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاغراء الاخير للمسيح (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Last Temptation of Christ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%98%E6%83%91" title="最後の誘惑 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="最後の誘惑" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F_(%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE)" title="ਦ ਲਾਸਟ ਟੈਮਪਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਆਫ਼ ਕਰਾਈਸ਼ਟ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਲਾਸਟ ਟੈਮਪਟੇਸ਼ਨ 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Last Temptation of Christ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_poster.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Black thorns against a blood red background."><img alt="Black thorns against a blood red background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_poster.png/220px-The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_poster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bb/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_poster.png 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(novel)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (novel)">The Last Temptation of Christ</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_De_Fina" title="Barbara De Fina">Barbara De Fina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton" title="Harry Dean Stanton">Harry Dean Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ballhaus" title="Michael Ballhaus">Michael Ballhaus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a><sup id="cite_ref-BFI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Odeon_Films" title="Cineplex Odeon Films">Cineplex Odeon Films</a><sup id="cite_ref-BFI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Testament Productions<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Universal Pictures (Worldwide)</li> <li>Cineplex Odeon Films (Canada)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>August 12, 1988<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1988-08-12</span>)</span> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">163 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Canada</li> <li>United States<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$7 million<sup id="cite_ref-Twenty-Five_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twenty-Five-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$33.8 million</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Last Temptation of Christ</b></i> is a 1988 <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_films" title="List of religious films">religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>. Written by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> with uncredited rewrites from Scorsese and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cocks" title="Jay Cocks">Jay Cocks</a>, it is an <a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">adaptation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a>' controversial 1955 <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(novel)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (novel)">novel of the same name</a>. The film, starring <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andre_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Gregory">Andre Gregory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton" title="Harry Dean Stanton">Harry Dean Stanton</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, was shot entirely in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. </p><p>The film depicts the life of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> and his struggle with various forms of temptation including fear, doubt, depression, reluctance, and lust. The book and the film depict Christ being tempted by imagining himself engaged in sexual activities, which caused outrage from certain <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> groups, claiming the work as <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a>. It includes a disclaimer stating: "This film is not based on the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>, but upon the fictional exploration of the eternal spiritual conflict." </p><p><i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> received positive reviews from critics and some religious leaders, and Scorsese received a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a>. Hershey's performance as Mary Magdalene earned her a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture">Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a>'s music score also received acclaim, including a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score</a>. Dafoe's performance as Jesus was praised, with some thinking he should have been nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a>. In stark contrast, Keitel's performance as Judas received a nomination for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor">Worst Supporting Actor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Awards" title="Golden Raspberry Awards">Golden Raspberry Awards</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> of Nazareth is a <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpenter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> client state, <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>. He is torn between his own desires and his knowledge of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>'s plan for him. His friend <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> is sent to kill him for collaborating with the Romans to crucify Jewish rebels, but suspects that Jesus is the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> and asks him to lead a war of liberation against the Romans. While Jesus assures him that his message is one of love for mankind, Judas warns him not to harm the rebellion. </p><p>Jesus starts preaching after saving prostitute <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoning</a> and being baptized by <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>. He acquires <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>, some who want freedom from the Romans while Jesus maintains people should tend to matters of the spirit. Jesus goes into the desert to test his connection to God, <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">where he resists temptation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>. Returning from the desert, Jesus is nursed back to health by <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a>, who encourage him to marry and have children. </p><p>After performing miracles, including raising <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a> from the dead, Jesus's ministry reaches <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, where he and his followers <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">chase out money changers from the temple</a>. He begins bleeding from his hands, which he recognizes as a sign that he must die on the cross to bring salvation to mankind and instructs Judas to give him to the Romans. Jesus convenes his disciples for a <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> <a href="/wiki/Seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder">seder</a>, whereupon Judas leads a contingent of soldiers to arrest Jesus in the garden of <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Gethsemane</a>. Although acknowledging his virtues and their significance, <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> tells Jesus that he must be put to death as he represents a threat to the Roman Empire; he is subsequently beaten, <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">flogged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">mocked</a> and taken to be <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucified</a>. </p><p>While on the cross, a young girl who claims to be Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a> tells him that, while he is the Son of God, he is not the Messiah and that God is pleased with him and wants him to be happy. She brings him down off the cross and takes him to Mary Magdalene, whom he marries. They live a happy life, but when she abruptly dies, Jesus is consoled by his angel and goes on to start a family with <a href="/wiki/Mary,_sister_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, sister of Lazarus">Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a>, the sisters of Lazarus. As an older man, Jesus encounters the apostle <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> preaching about the Messiah and tries to tell him that he is the man about whom Paul has been preaching. Paul repudiates him, saying that even if Jesus had not died on the cross, his message was the truth, and nothing would stop him from proclaiming that. Jesus debates him, stating that salvation cannot be founded on lies. </p><p>Near the end of his life, with Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">in the throes of rebellion</a>, an elderly dying Jesus calls his former disciples to his bed. When Judas comes, he reveals Jesus's guardian angel is actually Satan, who tricked him into believing he did not have to give himself up to save the world. Crawling back through the burning city, Jesus reaches the site of his crucifixion and begs God to let him fulfill his purpose, stating "I want to be the Messiah!". Jesus then finds himself once more on the cross, having overcome the "last temptation" of escaping death, being married and raising a family, and the ensuing disaster that would have consequently encompassed mankind. Jesus cries out "It is accomplished!" and dies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a> as <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton" title="Harry Dean Stanton">Harry Dean Stanton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Saul/Paul of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> as <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Shill" title="Steve Shill">Steve Shill</a> as <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verna_Bloom" title="Verna Bloom">Verna Bloom</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Blossom" title="Roberts Blossom">Roberts Blossom</a> as Aged Master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Miller_(actor)" title="Barry Miller (actor)">Barry Miller</a> as Jeroboam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Basaraba" title="Gary Basaraba">Gary Basaraba</a> as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> as <a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Argo" title="Victor Argo">Victor Argo</a> as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Herman" title="Paul Herman">Paul Herman</a> as <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lurie" title="John Lurie">John Lurie</a> as <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Been" title="Michael Been">Michael Been</a> as <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burmester" title="Leo Burmester">Leo Burmester</a> as <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Gregory">Andre Gregory</a> as <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Arana" title="Tomas Arana">Tomas Arana</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rosenberg" title="Alan Rosenberg">Alan Rosenberg</a> as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_Persoff" title="Nehemiah Persoff">Nehemiah Persoff</a> as Rabbi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Berling" title="Peter Berling">Peter Berling</a> as Beggar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Marks" title="Leo Marks">Leo Marks</a> as <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> as <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juliette_Caton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juliette Caton (page does not exist)">Juliette Caton</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliette_Caton" class="extiw" title="de:Juliette Caton">de</a>]</span> as Girl Angel</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peggy_Gormley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peggy Gormley (page does not exist)">Peggy Gormley</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22680665#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q22680665"><span title=""Peggy Gormley" in other languages">d</span></a>]</span> as <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Danson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Danson (page does not exist)">Randy Danson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22609063#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q22609063"><span title=""Randy Danson" in other languages">d</span></a>]</span> as <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martin Scorsese had wanted to make a film version of Jesus' life since childhood. While he was directing <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a> in the 1972 film <i><a href="/wiki/Boxcar_Bertha" title="Boxcar Bertha">Boxcar Bertha</a></i>, she gave him a copy of the Kazantzakis novel. Scorsese optioned the book in the late 1970s, and he gave it to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> to adapt. <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> was originally to be Scorsese's follow-up to <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Comedy_(film)" title="The King of Comedy (film)">The King of Comedy</a></i>, with production slated to begin in 1983 for <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> on a budget of about $14 million, shot on location in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The original cast included <a href="/wiki/Aidan_Quinn" title="Aidan Quinn">Aidan Quinn</a> as Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> as Pontius Pilate, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Davies" title="Ray Davies">Ray Davies</a> as Judas Iscariot<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vanity_(performer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity (performer)">Vanity</a> as Mary Magdalene. Management at Paramount and its then parent company, <a href="/wiki/Gulf%2BWestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf+Western">Gulf+Western</a>, grew uneasy due to the ballooning budget for the picture and protest letters received from religious groups. The project went into <a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(filmmaking)" title="Turnaround (filmmaking)">turnaround</a>, and was finally canceled in December 1983. Scorsese went on to make <i><a href="/wiki/After_Hours_(film)" title="After Hours (film)">After Hours</a></i> instead, disappointed at Paramount's abandonment of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios" title="Universal Studios">Universal Studios</a> became interested in the project. Scorsese offered to shoot the film in 58 days for $7 million,<sup id="cite_ref-Twenty-Five_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twenty-Five-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Universal eventually <a href="/wiki/Greenlight" title="Greenlight">greenlighted</a> the production, as Scorsese agreed to direct a more mainstream film for the studio in the future (which eventually resulted in <i><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_(1991_film)" title="Cape Fear (1991 film)">Cape Fear</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critic and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cocks" title="Jay Cocks">Jay Cocks</a> worked with Scorsese to revise Schrader's script.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aidan_Quinn" title="Aidan Quinn">Aidan Quinn</a> passed on the role of Jesus, and Scorsese recast <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a> in the part. <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> also passed on the role of Pilate, with the role being recast with <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> began in October 1987. The location shoot in Morocco (a first for Scorsese) was difficult, and the difficulties were compounded by the hurried schedule. "We worked in a state of emergency," Scorsese recalled. Scenes had to be improvised and worked out on the set with little deliberation, leading Scorsese to develop a minimalist aesthetic for the film. Shooting wrapped by December 25, 1987. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Peter_Gabriel_album)" title="Passion (Peter Gabriel album)">Passion (Peter Gabriel album)</a></div> <p>The film's musical <a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">soundtrack</a>, composed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a>, received a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Score - Motion Picture</a> in 1988 and was released on CD with the title <i><a href="/wiki/Passion_(Peter_Gabriel_album)" title="Passion (Peter Gabriel album)">Passion</a></i>, which won a Grammy in 1990 for Best New Age Album. The film's score itself helped to popularize <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>. Gabriel subsequently <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compiled</a> an album called <i><a href="/wiki/Passion_%E2%80%93_Sources" title="Passion – Sources">Passion – Sources</a></i>, including additional material by various musicians that inspired him in composing the soundtrack, or which he sampled for the soundtrack. The original scores brought together many international artists including Pakistani musician and vocalist <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan" title="Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan">Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan</a>, Egyptian kanun player Abdul Aziz, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">ney flute</a> player <a href="/wiki/Kudsi_Erguner" title="Kudsi Erguner">Kudsi Ergüner</a>, Armenian <a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">duduk</a> players Antranik Askarian and Vatche Housepian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film opened on August 12, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was later screened as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Venice_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice International Film Festival">Venice International Film Festival</a> on September 7, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the film's acceptance as a part of the festival's lineup, director <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> removed his film <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Toscanini" title="Young Toscanini">Young Toscanini</a></i> from the program.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> was released on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">Laserdisc</a>, many video rental stores, including the then-dominant <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockbuster Video">Blockbuster Video</a>, declined to carry it for rental, as a result of the film's controversial reception.<sup id="cite_ref-Criterion_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Criterion-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Criterion_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Criterion Collection">Criterion Collection</a> issued a special edition of <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> on Laserdisc, which Criterion re-issued on DVD in 2000 and on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> disc in <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray#A" title="Blu-ray">Region A</a> in March 2012 and Region B in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Box office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> opened in 123 theaters on August 12, 1988, in the United States and Canada, and grossed $401,211 in its opening weekend. At the end of its run, it had grossed $8,373,585 in the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-mojo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, it grossed $25.4 million for a worldwide total of $33.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> reports that 82% of 103 film critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The consensus states: "Contrary to accusations of irreverence, <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s biggest sins are actually languid pacing and some tinny dialogue — but Martin Scorsese's passion for the subject shines through in an oft-transcendent rumination on faith."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which assigns a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_average" class="mw-redirect" title="Weighted average">weighted average</a> score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 80 based on 18 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-MC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a four-out-of-four star review for the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, who later included the film in his list of "Great Movies",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote that Scorsese and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> "paid Christ the compliment of taking him and his message seriously, and they have made a film that does not turn him into a garish, emasculated image from a religious postcard. Here he is flesh and blood, struggling, questioning, asking himself and his father which is the right way, and finally, after great suffering, earning the right to say, on the cross, 'It is accomplished.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> said: "Dafoe manages to draw us into the mystery, anguish and joy of the holy life. This is anything but another one of those boring biblical costume epics. There is genuine challenge and hope in this movie."<sup id="cite_ref-MC_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A review associated with <a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Service" title="Catholic News Service">Catholic News Service</a> asserts that <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> "fails because of artistic inadequacy rather than anti-religious bias."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Halliwell%27s_Film_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Halliwell's Film Guide">Halliwell's Film Guide</a></i> awarded it one star from a possible four, describing it as "beautifully shot and strikingly acted, but wordy and too long".<sup id="cite_ref-Halli_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halli-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alan Jones awarded it four stars out of five for <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>, calling it "a challenging essay on the life of Jesus" and "neither blasphemous nor offensive", though he felt it was "slightly too long, and Scorsese does pull some punches in deference to the subject matter", but described these as "minor criticisms" and concluded that it was a "sincere work".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorist_attack">Terrorist attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Terrorist attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_cinema_attack" title="Saint-Michel cinema attack">Saint-Michel cinema attack</a></div> <p>On October 22, 1988, an <a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralist</a> Catholic group set fire to the Saint Michel cinema in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> while it was showing the film. Shortly after midnight, an incendiary device ignited under a seat in the less supervised underground room, where a different film was being shown. The incendiary device consisted of a charge of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorate" title="Potassium chlorate">potassium chlorate</a>, triggered by a vial containing <a href="/wiki/Sulphuric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphuric acid">sulphuric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack injured thirteen people, four of whom were severely burned, and severely damaged the cinema. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_threats">Death threats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>'s book <i>Scorsese by Ebert</i>, the critic wrote of the reaction to <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i>, "...Scorsese was targeted by death threats and the <a href="/wiki/Jeremiad" title="Jeremiad">jeremiads</a> of TV evangelists".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The threats were significant enough that Scorsese had to use bodyguards during public appearances for a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the film's departures from the gospel narratives—and especially a brief scene wherein Jesus and Mary Magdalene consummate their marriage—several <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian</a> groups organized vocal protests and boycotts of the film prior to and upon its release. One protest, organized by a religious Californian radio station, gathered 600 protesters to <a href="/wiki/Picketing_(protest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Picketing (protest)">picket</a> the headquarters of Universal Studios' then parent company <a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the protestors dressed up as MCA's <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the board">Chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a> and pretended to drive nails through Jesus' hands into a wooden cross.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evangelist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a> offered to buy the film's negative from Universal in order to destroy it.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protests were effective in convincing several theater chains not to screen the film.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of those chains, <a href="/wiki/General_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="General Cinemas">General Cinemas</a>, later apologized to Scorsese for doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship_and_bans">Censorship and bans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Censorship and bans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mother_Angelica" title="Mother Angelica">Mother Angelica</a>, a Catholic nun and founder of <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">Eternal Word Television Network</a>, described <i>Last Temptation</i> as "the most blasphemous ridicule of the Eucharist that's ever been perpetrated in this world" and "a holocaust movie that has the power to destroy souls eternally."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, including <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_banned_in_Chile" title="List of films banned in Chile">Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, the film was banned or censored for several years. As of February 2024, the film continued to be banned in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-imdb_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imdb-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> revealed the film to be one of the five titles that have been removed from the <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> version of Netflix at the demand of the Singapore government's <a href="/wiki/Infocomm_Media_Development_Authority" title="Infocomm Media Development Authority">Infocomm Media Development Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Polygonnews_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polygonnews-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Netflix-2019report_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-2019report-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Nominee(s) </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/61st_Academy_Awards" title="61st Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/46th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="46th Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture">Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Golden_Raspberry_Awards" title="9th Golden Raspberry Awards">Golden Raspberry Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor">Worst Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/32nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="32nd Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media">Best Album of Original Instrumental Background Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television</a> </td> <td>Peter Gabriel </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Awards" title="1988 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards">Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>Martin Scorsese </td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-cast">Runner-up </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_Awards_Mexico_2004" title="MTV Movie Awards Mexico 2004">MTV Movie Awards Mexico</a> </td> <td>Best Miracle in a Movie </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">for "The wine at Caná (Jesus turns water into wine at a wedding)"</span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1988" title="National Board of Review Awards 1988">National Board of Review Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review:_Top_Ten_Films" title="National Board of Review: Top Ten Films">Top Ten Films</a> </td> <td style="background:#CDE; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-draw">5th Place </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/45th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="45th Venice International Film Festival">Venice International Film Festival</a> </td> <td>Filmcritica "Bastone Bianco" Award </td> <td>Martin Scorsese </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status of Jesus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tied with <i><a href="/wiki/Once_More_(1988_film)" title="Once More (1988 film)">Once More</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BFI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811133918/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b737b63e3">"The Last Temptation of Christ (1988)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b737b63e3">the original</a> on August 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%281988%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b737b63e3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/68264">"THE LAST TEMPTATION OF CHRIST (1988)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413205837/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/68264">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=THE+LAST+TEMPTATION+OF+CHRIST+%281988%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2FMovieDetails%2F68264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindlof2010" class="citation book cs1">Lindlof, Thomas R. (2010). <i>Hollywood Under Siege: Martin Scorsese, the Religious Right, and the Culture Wars</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3862-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3862-6"><bdi>978-0-8131-3862-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Under+Siege%3A+Martin+Scorsese%2C+the+Religious+Right%2C+and+the+Culture+Wars&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-3862-6&rft.aulast=Lindlof&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-last-temptation-of-christ-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yotc1mju">"<i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> (18)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></i>. September 2, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209171629/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/last-temptation-christ-1970-2">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%2818%29&rft.date=1988-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Frelease%2Fthe-last-temptation-of-christ-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yotc1mju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/80944/Last-Temptation-of-Christ-The/">"Last Temptation of Christ, The (1988) - Overview - TCM.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064017/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/80944/the-last-temptation-of-christ">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+Temptation+of+Christ%2C+The+%281988%29+-+Overview+-+TCM.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F80944%2FLast-Temptation-of-Christ-The%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twenty-Five-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Twenty-Five_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twenty-Five_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2013/august-web-only/last-temptation-of-christ.html">"Last Temptation Turns Twenty-Five"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a></i>. August 7, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227073646/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2013/august-web-only/last-temptation-of-christ.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=Last+Temptation+Turns+Twenty-Five&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2013%2Faugust-web-only%2Flast-temptation-of-christ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Revealed in an interview with Mark Lawson on <i>Front Row</i>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>, September 23, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougan1997" class="citation book cs1">Dougan, Andy (1997). <i>Martin Scorsese</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Orion_Media" title="Orion Media">Orion Media</a>. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0752811754" title="Special:BookSources/0752811754"><bdi>0752811754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martin+Scorsese&rft.place=London&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Orion+Media&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0752811754&rft.aulast=Dougan&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003040133/https://www.carseywolf.ucsb.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MIP_TomPollock_Interview.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.carseywolf.ucsb.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carseywolf.ucsb.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MIP_TomPollock_Interview.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carseywolf.ucsb.edu&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carseywolf.ucsb.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2FMIP_TomPollock_Interview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/oct/31/martinscorsese">"Ageing bulls return"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. October 31, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ageing+bulls+return&rft.date=1999-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F1999%2Foct%2F31%2Fmartinscorsese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, M. (1991). <i>Martin Scorsese: A Journey</i>. New York, <a href="/wiki/Thunder%27s_Mouth_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunder's Mouth Press">Thunder's Mouth Press</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-09-ca-1870-story.html">"Venice Festival Screens Scorsese's 'Last Temptation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. September 9, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407111746/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-09/entertainment/ca-1870_1_venice-festival">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Venice+Festival+Screens+Scorsese%27s+%27Last+Temptation%27&rft.date=1988-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-09-09-ca-1870-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/03/movies/zeffirelli-protests-temptation-of-christ.html">"Zeffirelli Protests 'Temptation of Christ'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 3, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064042/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/03/movies/zeffirelli-protests-temptation-of-christ.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226182049" title="Special:BookSources/9780226182049"><bdi>9780226182049</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064051/https://books.google.com/books?id=r7ZF4_PUwccC&q=scorsese+death+threats&pg=PA100">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27It+has+the+power+to+destroy+souls%27%3A+the+undervalued+Scorsese+epic+that+almost+got+him+killed&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft.aulast=Larman&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffilms%2F0%2Fmartin-scorsese-last-temptation-of-christ-controversy-jesus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBS-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWGBH" class="citation web cs1">WGBH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/theater/lasttemptation.html">"Culture Shock Flashpoints: Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ"</a>. Public Broadcasting Systems. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830074627/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/theater/lasttemptation.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+Shock+Flashpoints%3A+Martin+Scorsese%27s+The+Last+Temptation+of+Christ&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Systems&rft.au=WGBH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fcultureshock%2Fflashpoints%2Ftheater%2Flasttemptation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEASTON1988" class="citation web cs1">EASTON, NINA J. (July 22, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-07-22-me-7602-story.html">"Studio Fires Back in Defense of 'Temptation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006191801/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-07-22/local/me-7602_1_universal-pictures">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2017</span> – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studio+Fires+Back+in+Defense+of+%27Temptation%27&rft.date=1988-07-22&rft.aulast=EASTON&rft.aufirst=NINA+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-07-22-me-7602-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kishi, Russell. "Mother Teresa joins protest of movie." <i>The Bryan Times</i>. Ford M. Cullis, August 12, 1988. Web. July 18, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-signal-mother-angelica-condemned-mar/130879294/">"Mother Angelica condemned Martin Scorsese's "The Last Temptation of Christ"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Signal</i>. August 10, 1988. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009122304/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-signal-mother-angelica-condemned-mar/130879294/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Signal&rft.atitle=Mother+Angelica+condemned+Martin+Scorsese%27s+%22The+Last+Temptation+of+Christ%22&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1988-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-signal-mother-angelica-condemned-mar%2F130879294%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imdb-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imdb_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095497/parentalguide">Certification page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064044/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095497/parentalguide">Archived</a> May 6, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Internet Movie Database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polygonnews-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Polygonnews_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakar2020" class="citation web cs1">Sakar, Samit (February 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2020/2/7/21128061/netflix-censorship-government-requests-saudi-arabia-singapore-patriot-act">"Netflix reveals the 9 times it has complied with government censorship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701004531/https://www.polygon.com/2020/2/7/21128061/netflix-censorship-government-requests-saudi-arabia-singapore-patriot-act">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Netflix+reveals+the+9+times+it+has+complied+with+government+censorship&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Sakar&rft.aufirst=Samit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2020%2F2%2F7%2F21128061%2Fnetflix-censorship-government-requests-saudi-arabia-singapore-patriot-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netflix-2019report-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Netflix-2019report_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_downloads/2020/02/0220_Netflix_EnvironmentalSocialGovernanceReport_FINAL.pdf">"Netflix 2019 Environmental Social Governance report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508072412/https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_downloads/2020/02/0220_Netflix_EnvironmentalSocialGovernanceReport_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Below are <b>the titles we've removed</b> to date, as of February 2020 — just nine in total since we launched. ... In 2019, we received a written demand from the Singapore Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) to remove <i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i> from the service in Singapore only.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netflix+2019+Environmental+Social+Governance+report&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs22.q4cdn.com%2F959853165%2Ffiles%2Fdoc_downloads%2F2020%2F02%2F0220_Netflix_EnvironmentalSocialGovernanceReport_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Last+Temptation+of+Christ+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pictures of opening day protests against "Last Temptation of Christ" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wideanglecloseup.com/lasttemptation01.html">Wide Angle/Closeup</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7232037/Identity_and_Ethnicity_in_Peter_Gabriel_s_Sound_Track_for_The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ">"Identity and Ethnicity in Peter Gabriel's Sound Track for <i>The Last Temptation of Christ''</i></a> by Eftychia Papanikolaou; chapter in <i>Scandalizing Jesus?: Kazantzakis's 'The Last Temptation of Christ' Fifty Years On</i>, edited by Darren J. N. Middleton, with a contribution by Martin Scorsese, 217–228. New York and London: Continuum, 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2191-the-last-temptation-of-christ-passion-project"><i>The Last Temptation of Christ: Passion Project</i></a> an essay by <a href="/wiki/David_Ehrenstein" title="David Ehrenstein">David Ehrenstein</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Criterion_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Criterion Collection">Criterion Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2242-personal-jesus"><i>Personal Jesus</i></a> an essay by Bruce Bennett at the <a href="/wiki/Criterion_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Criterion Collection">Criterion Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(film)&action=edit&section=19" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Martin_Scorsese" title="List of awards and nominations received by Martin Scorsese">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese_filmography" title="Martin Scorsese filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese_bibliography" title="Martin Scorsese bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Martin Scorsese's unrealized projects">Unrealized projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Knocking_at_My_Door" title="Who's That Knocking at My Door">Who's That Knocking at My Door</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boxcar_Bertha" title="Boxcar Bertha">Boxcar Bertha</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mean_Streets" title="Mean Streets">Mean Streets</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Doesn%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore">Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York_(1977_film)" title="New York, New York (1977 film)">New York, New York</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raging_Bull" title="Raging Bull">Raging Bull</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Comedy_(film)" title="The King of Comedy (film)">The King of Comedy</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_Hours_(film)" title="After Hours (film)">After Hours</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Money" title="The Color of Money">The Color of Money</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Last Temptation of Christ</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_(1991_film)" title="Cape Fear (1991 film)">Cape Fear</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)" title="The Age of Innocence (1993 film)">The Age of Innocence</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casino_(1995_film)" title="Casino (1995 film)">Casino</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kundun" title="Kundun">Kundun</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Out_the_Dead" title="Bringing Out the Dead">Bringing Out the Dead</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York" title="Gangs of New York">Gangs of New York</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aviator_(2004_film)" title="The Aviator (2004 film)">The Aviator</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shutter_Island_(film)" title="Shutter Island (film)">Shutter Island</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_(2013_film)" title="The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)">The Wolf of Wall Street</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silence_(2016_film)" title="Silence (2016 film)">Silence</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Irishman" title="The Irishman">The Irishman</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killers_of_the_Flower_Moon_(film)" title="Killers of the Flower Moon (film)">Killers of the Flower Moon</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_a_Nice_Girl_like_You_Doing_in_a_Place_like_This%3F" title="What's a Nice Girl like You Doing in a Place like This?">What's a Nice Girl like You Doing in a Place like This?</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Not_Just_You,_Murray!" title="It's Not Just You, Murray!">It's Not Just You, Murray!</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Shave" title="The Big Shave">The Big Shave</a></i> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_(Michael_Jackson_song)" title="Bad (Michael Jackson song)">Bad</a>" (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stories" title="New York Stories">New York Stories</a></i> (segment "Life Lessons", 1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Made_in_Milan" title="Made in Milan">Made in Milan</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Key_to_Reserva" title="The Key to Reserva">The Key to Reserva</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audition_(2015_film)" title="The Audition (2015 film)">The Audition</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Produced only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grifters_(film)" title="The Grifters (film)">The Grifters</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Dog_and_Glory" title="Mad Dog and Glory">Mad Dog and Glory</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clockers_(film)" title="Clockers (film)">Clockers</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hi-Lo_Country" title="The Hi-Lo Country">The Hi-Lo Country</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Victoria" title="The Young Victoria">The Young Victoria</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(2023_film)" title="Maestro (2023 film)">Maestro</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die,_My_Love" title="Die, My Love">Die, My Love</a></i> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Empire_(Boardwalk_Empire_episode)" title="Boardwalk Empire (Boardwalk Empire episode)">Boardwalk Empire</a>" (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_(TV_series)" title="Vinyl (TV series)">Vinyl</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pretend_It%27s_a_City" title="Pretend It's a City">Pretend It's a City</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese_Presents:_The_Saints" title="Martin Scorsese Presents: The Saints">Martin Scorsese Presents: The Saints</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Afternoon_with_SCTV" title="An Afternoon with SCTV">An Afternoon with SCTV</a></i> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_Scenes_1970" title="Street Scenes 1970">Street Scenes 1970</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Italianamerican" title="Italianamerican">Italianamerican</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Boy:_A_Profile_of_Steven_Prince" title="American Boy: A Profile of Steven Prince">American Boy: A Profile of Steven Prince</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Waltz" title="The Last Waltz">The Last Waltz</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Personal_Journey_with_Martin_Scorsese_Through_American_Movies" title="A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies">A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Voyage_to_Italy" title="My Voyage to Italy">My Voyage to Italy</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_(film_series)" title="The Blues (film series)">The Blues: Feel Like Going Home</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Direction_Home" title="No Direction Home">No Direction Home</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shine_a_Light_(film)" title="Shine a Light (film)">Shine a Light</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_Elia" title="A Letter to Elia">A Letter to Elia</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Speaking_(film)" title="Public Speaking (film)">Public Speaking</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison:_Living_in_the_Material_World" title="George Harrison: Living in the Material World">George Harrison: Living in the Material World</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_50_Year_Argument" title="The 50 Year Argument">The 50 Year Argument</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_Revue:_A_Bob_Dylan_Story_by_Martin_Scorsese" title="Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese">Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Collaborations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese_and_Robert_De_Niro" title="Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese_and_Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikelia_Productions" title="Sikelia Productions">Sikelia Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goncharov_(meme)" title="Goncharov (meme)"><i>Goncharov</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_by_Paul_Schrader" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paul_Schrader" title="Template:Paul Schrader"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paul_Schrader" title="Template talk:Paul Schrader"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paul_Schrader" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paul Schrader"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_by_Paul_Schrader" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written and directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_(film)" title="Blue Collar (film)">Blue Collar</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_(1979_film)" title="Hardcore (1979 film)">Hardcore</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Gigolo" title="American Gigolo">American Gigolo</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_People_(1982_film)" title="Cat People (1982 film)">Cat People</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishima:_A_Life_in_Four_Chapters" title="Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters">Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_of_Day" title="Light of Day">Light of Day</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_Sleeper" title="Light Sleeper">Light Sleeper</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Touch_(1997_film)" title="Touch (1997 film)">Touch</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Affliction_(1997_film)" title="Affliction (1997 film)">Affliction</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forever_Mine" title="Forever Mine">Forever Mine</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Walker" title="The Walker">The Walker</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dying_of_the_Light_(film)" title="Dying of the Light (film)">Dying of the Light</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reformed" title="First Reformed">First Reformed</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Counter" title="The Card Counter">The Card Counter</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_Gardener_(film)" title="Master Gardener (film)">Master Gardener</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Canada_(film)" title="Oh, Canada (film)">Oh, Canada</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directed only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hearst_(film)" title="Patty Hearst (film)">Patty Hearst</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Comfort_of_Strangers_(film)" title="The Comfort of Strangers (film)">The Comfort of Strangers</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witch_Hunt_(1994_film)" title="Witch Hunt (1994 film)">Witch Hunt</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Focus" title="Auto Focus">Auto Focus</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion:_Prequel_to_the_Exorcist" title="Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist">Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_Resurrected" title="Adam Resurrected">Adam Resurrected</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canyons_(film)" title="The Canyons (film)"> The Canyons</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Eat_Dog_(2016_film)" title="Dog Eat Dog (2016 film)">Dog Eat Dog</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yakuza" title="The Yakuza">The Yakuza</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obsession_(1976_film)" title="Obsession (1976 film)">Obsession</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_(film)" title="Rolling Thunder (film)">Rolling Thunder</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Boyfriends" title="Old Boyfriends">Old Boyfriends</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raging_Bull" title="Raging Bull">Raging Bull</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mosquito_Coast_(film)" title="The Mosquito Coast (film)">The Mosquito Coast</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Last Temptation of Christ</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_(1996_film)" title="City Hall (1996 film)">City Hall</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Out_the_Dead" title="Bringing Out the Dead">Bringing Out the Dead</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There_Are_No_Saints" title="There Are No Saints">There Are No Saints</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nikos_Kazantzakis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Template:Nikos Kazantzakis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Template talk:Nikos Kazantzakis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nikos Kazantzakis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nikos_Kazantzakis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zorba_the_Greek" title="Zorba the Greek">Zorba the Greek</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Michalis" title="Captain Michalis">Captain Michalis</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Recrucified" title="Christ Recrucified">Christ Recrucified</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ_(novel)" title="The Last Temptation of Christ (novel)">The Last Temptation of Christ</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Saviors_of_God" title="The Saviors of God">The Saviors of God</a></i> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey:_A_Modern_Sequel" title="The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel">The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel</a></i> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Zorba the Greek</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zorba_(musical)" title="Zorba (musical)">Zorba</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zorba_the_Greek_(film)" title="Zorba the Greek (film)">Zorba the Greek</a></i> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Christ Recrucified</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/He_Who_Must_Die" title="He Who Must Die">He Who Must Die</a></i> (film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Passion_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greek Passion (opera)">The Greek Passion</a></i> (opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Recrucified_(TV_series)" title="Christ Recrucified (TV series)">Christ Recrucified</a></i> (TV series)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Last Temptation of Christ</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Last Temptation of Christ</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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