CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kejuruteraan awam - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"9e8a8d5f-0af9-4c85-9a34-6d21486e099a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kejuruteraan_awam","wgTitle":"Kejuruteraan awam","wgCurRevisionId":4907757,"wgRevisionId":4907757,"wgArticleId":16676,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Kejuruteraan awam"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kejuruteraan_awam","wgRelevantArticleId":16676,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":600,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q77590","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/1200px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/800px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/640px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kejuruteraan awam - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kejuruteraan_awam rootpage-Kejuruteraan_awam skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Kejuruteraan+awam" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Kejuruteraan+awam" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Kejuruteraan+awam" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Kejuruteraan+awam" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kejuruteraan awam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 84 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siviele_ingenieurswese" title="Siviele ingenieurswese – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Siviele ingenieurswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauingenieurwesen" title="Bauingenieurwesen – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bauingenieurwesen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%89%AA%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%90%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ሲቪል ኢንጂነሪንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲቪል ኢንጂነሪንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सिविल अभियान्त्रिकी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सिविल अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندسة مدنية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة مدنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa_civil" title="Inxeniería civil – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería civil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknik sipil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="পুরকৌশল – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পুরকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-bo%CC%8Dk_kang-t%C3%AAng" title="Thó͘-bo̍k kang-têng – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-bo̍k kang-têng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%E2%80%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%82%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9" title="Торлаҡ‐гражданлыҡ төҙөлөшө – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Торлаҡ‐гражданлыҡ төҙөлөшө" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цывільнае будаўніцтва – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цывільнае будаўніцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhinyeriyang_sibil" title="Inhinyeriyang sibil – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inhinyeriyang sibil" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evinarstvo" title="Građevinarstvo – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Građevinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Строително инженерство – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Строително инженерство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyeria_civil" title="Enginyeria civil – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyeria civil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavebnictv%C3%AD" title="Stavebnictví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stavebnictví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriannydd_sifil" title="Peiriannydd sifil – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriannydd sifil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygningsvidenskab" title="Bygningsvidenskab – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bygningsvidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauingenieurwesen" title="Bauingenieurwesen – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bauingenieurwesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiviilehitus" title="Tsiviilehitus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsiviilehitus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Civil engineering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa_civil" title="Ingeniería civil – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería civil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrua_in%C4%9Denierarto" title="Konstrua inĝenierarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstrua inĝenierarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniaritza_zibil" title="Ingeniaritza zibil – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniaritza zibil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مهندسی عمران – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی عمران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nie_civil" title="Génie civil – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Génie civil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivile_technyk" title="Sivile technyk – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sivile technyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innealt%C3%B3ireacht_shibhialta" title="Innealtóireacht shibhialta – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Innealtóireacht shibhialta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa_civil" title="Enxeñaría civil – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enxeñaría civil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="સિવિલ ઇજનેરી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિવિલ ઇજનેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%AA%A9%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="토목공학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토목공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="सिविल इंजीनियरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिविल इंजीनियरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evinarstvo" title="Građevinarstvo – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Građevinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria_civil" title="Ingenieria civil – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ingenieria civil" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggingaverkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Byggingaverkfræði – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Byggingaverkfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneria_civile" title="Ingegneria civile – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegneria civile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הנדסה אזרחית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסה אזרחית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8knik_sipil" title="Tèknik sipil – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèknik sipil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಲೋಕೋಪಯೋಗಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಕೋಪಯೋಗಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სამოქალაქო მშენებლობა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამოქალაქო მშენებლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endezyariya_avahiy%C3%AA" title="Endezyariya avahiyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endezyariya avahiyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_ingeniaria_civilis" title="Ars ingeniaria civilis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars ingeniaria civilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenierceltniec%C4%ABba" title="Inženierceltniecība – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inženierceltniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilin%C4%97_in%C5%BEinerija" title="Civilinė inžinerija – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Civilinė inžinerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="സിവിൽ എഞ്ചിനീയറിങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിവിൽ എഞ്ചിനീയറിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="स्थापत्य अभियांत्रिकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्थापत्य अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Барилгын инженерийн салбар – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Барилгын инженерийн салбар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiele_techniek" title="Civiele techniek – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Civiele techniek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="土木工学 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土木工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggeteknikk" title="Byggeteknikk – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Byggeteknikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ښاري انجنيري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښاري انجنيري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BCynieria_l%C4%85dowa" title="Inżynieria lądowa – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inżynieria lądowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_civil" title="Engenharia civil – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia civil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inginerie_civil%C4%83" title="Inginerie civilă – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inginerie civilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гражданское строительство – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданское строительство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieria_e_nd%C3%ABrtimit" title="Inxhinieria e ndërtimit – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieria e ndërtimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සිවිල් ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිවිල් ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Civil engineering" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سول انجنيئرنگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سول انجنيئرنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavebn%C3%ADctvo" title="Stavebníctvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stavebníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradbeni%C5%A1tvo" title="Gradbeništvo – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gradbeništvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئەندازیاریی شارستانی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیاریی شارستانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niskogradnja" title="Niskogradnja – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Niskogradnja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visokogradnja" title="Visokogradnja – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Visokogradnja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9kayasa_sipil" title="Rékayasa sipil – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rékayasa sipil" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdyskuntatekniikka" title="Yhdyskuntatekniikka – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdyskuntatekniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnad" title="Väg- och vattenbyggnad – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Väg- och vattenbyggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriyang_sibil" title="Inhenyeriyang sibil – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhenyeriyang sibil" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="குடிசார் பொறியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடிசார் பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="సివిల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సివిల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2" title="วิศวกรรมโยธา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกรรมโยธา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_x%C3%A2y_d%E1%BB%B1ng_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Kỹ thuật xây dựng dân dụng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ thuật xây dựng dân dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivil_m%C3%BChendislik" title="Sivil mühendislik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sivil mühendislik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurlu%C5%9Fyk_in%C5%BEenerligi" title="Gurluşyk inženerligi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gurluşyk inženerligi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Цивільне будівництво – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивільне будівництво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مدنی ہندسیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدنی ہندسیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneri_civi%C5%82i" title="Ingegneri civiłi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ingegneri civiłi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya_sibil" title="Inhenyeriya sibil – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya sibil" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土木工程" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土木工程" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土木工程" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77590#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kejuruteraan_awam" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kejuruteraan_awam" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kejuruteraan_awam" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&oldid=4907757" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kejuruteraan_awam&id=4907757&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKejuruteraan_awam"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKejuruteraan_awam"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kejuruteraan+awam"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kejuruteraan_awam&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Civil_engineering" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77590" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/220px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/330px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg/440px-A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah jambatan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kejuruteraan awam</b> merupakan bidang <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan">kejuruteraan</a> yang merangkumi aspek-aspek pembinaan dan pembangunan, sama ada dalam pembuatan jalan, bangunan, sistem perparitan, pengawalan banjir serta trafik dan lain-lain. Ia boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa bidang yang utama iaitu:<br /> (1) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_Geoteknik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan Geoteknik (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan Geoteknik</a><br /> (2) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_Jalan_Raya_dan_Lalulintas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan Jalan Raya dan Lalulintas (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan Jalan Raya dan Lalulintas</a><br /> (3) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_Struktur_dan_Bahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan Struktur dan Bahan (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan Struktur dan Bahan</a><br /> (4) <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_Alam_Sekitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar">Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar</a><br /> (5) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_Hidraulik_dan_Hidrologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan Hidraulik dan Hidrologi (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan Hidraulik dan Hidrologi</a><br /> </p> <table cellpadding="3" border="2;" style="font-size: 86%; margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background:#e6e6fa; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: black;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff" style="border-right-color:#ccccff; border-bottom-color:white"><big>Jenis-jenis</big> </th> <th><div style="text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap;"><big>Bidang-bidang utama <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">Teknologi</a></big><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position:absolute; right:0; top:0; margin:0 5px;"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Teknologi" title="Templat:Teknologi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Teknologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Teknologi (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Teknologi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="padding-right:15px; border-right-color: #e6e6fa; border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">Industri</a></b></td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Kewangan_pengiraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewangan pengiraan">Kejuruteraan kewangan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mesin" title="Mesin">Jentera/Mesin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pembinaan" title="Pembinaan">Pembinaan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pengilangan" title="Pengilangan">Pengilangan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Perlombongan" title="Perlombongan">Perlombongan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan">Kejuruteraan</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" colspan="2" style="padding-right:15px; border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Biokejuruteraan" title="Biokejuruteraan">Biokejuruteraan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_alam_sekitar" title="Kejuruteraan alam sekitar">Kejuruteraan alam sekitar</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kejuruteraan awam</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejuruteraan bahan">Kejuruteraan bahan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bangunan" title="Kejuruteraan bangunan">Kejuruteraan bangunan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_biokimia" title="Kejuruteraan biokimia">Kejuruteraan biokimia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bioperubatan" title="Kejuruteraan bioperubatan">Kejuruteraan bioperubatan</a> | | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_elektrik" title="Kejuruteraan elektrik">Kejuruteraan elektrik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_elektronik" title="Kejuruteraan elektronik">Kejuruteraan elektronik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_kimia" title="Kejuruteraan kimia">Kejuruteraan kimia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_komputer" title="Kejuruteraan komputer">Kejuruteraan komputer</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_mekanik" title="Kejuruteraan mekanik">Kejuruteraan mekanik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_nuklear" title="Kejuruteraan nuklear">Kejuruteraan nuklear</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_ruang_angkasa" title="Kejuruteraan ruang angkasa">Kejuruteraan ruang angkasa</a> | <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">Kejuruteraan kaji logam</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_perindustrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan perindustrian (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan perindustrian</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_perisian" title="Kejuruteraan perisian">Kejuruteraan perisian</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_pertanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan pertanian (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan pertanian</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_petroleum" title="Kejuruteraan petroleum">Kejuruteraan petroleum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Kesihatan" title="Kesihatan">Kesihatan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Keselamatan" title="Keselamatan">Keselamatan</a></b></td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioinformatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioinformatik (laman tidak wujud)">Bioinformatik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi">Bioteknologi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Bahan farmaseutik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bioperubatan" title="Kejuruteraan bioperubatan">Kejuruteraan bioperubatan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_keselamatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan keselamatan (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan keselamatan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimiainformatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimiainformatik (laman tidak wujud)">Kimiainformatik</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sains_kesihatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sains kesihatan (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi kesihatan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlindungan_kebakaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlindungan kebakaran (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi perlindungan kebakaran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Maklumat" title="Maklumat">Maklumat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">Komunikasi</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Grafik" title="Grafik">Grafik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi#Teknologi_komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">Komunikasi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pengecaman_pertuturan" title="Pengecaman pertuturan">Pengecaman pertuturan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_muzik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi muzik (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi muzik</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_pandangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi pandangan (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi pandangan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Sukan" title="Sukan">Olahraga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rekreasi" title="Rekreasi">Rekreasi</a></b></td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkhemahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkhemahan (laman tidak wujud)">Alatan perkhemahan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelengkapan_sukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelengkapan sukan (laman tidak wujud)">Kelengkapan sukan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sukan" title="Sukan">Sukan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Taman_permainan" title="Taman permainan">Taman permainan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Pengangkutan" title="Pengangkutan">Pengangkutan</a> </b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_ruang_angkasa" title="Kejuruteraan ruang angkasa">Kejuruteraan ruang angkasa</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_samudera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan samudera (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan samudera</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kenderaan_bermotor" title="Kenderaan bermotor">Kenderaan bermotor</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pengangkutan" title="Pengangkutan">Pengangkutan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ruang_angkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruang angkasa">Ruang angkasa</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_angkasa_lepas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi angkasa lepas (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi angkasa lepas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumah" title="Rumah">Rumah / Kediaman</a></b></td> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alat_rumah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alat rumah (laman tidak wujud)">Alat rumah</a> | <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">Hasil and pengeluaran makanan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_pendidikan" title="Teknologi pendidikan">Teknologi pendidikan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_rumah_tangga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi rumah tangga (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi rumah tangga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Sains_gunaan" title="Sains gunaan">Sains gunaan</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" colspan="2" style="padding-right:15px; border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">Elektronik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Fizik_kejuruteraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizik kejuruteraan">Fizik kejuruteraan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan">Kecerdasan buatan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejuruteraan bahan">Kejuruteraan bahan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_optik" title="Kejuruteraan optik">Kejuruteraan optik</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_seramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan seramik (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan seramik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mikroteknologi" title="Mikroteknologi">Mikroteknologi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">Nanoteknologi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sains_bahan" title="Sains bahan">Sains bahan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storan_tenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storan tenaga (laman tidak wujud)">Storan tenaga</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_topik_tenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai topik tenaga (laman tidak wujud)">Tenaga</a> | <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_hijau" title="Teknologi hijau">Teknologi hijau</a> | <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_nuklear" title="Teknologi nuklear">Teknologi nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_perkomputeran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi perkomputeran (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi perkomputeran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa; border-bottom-color:white"><b><a href="/wiki/Tentera" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentera">Tentera</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:8px; border-bottom-color:white"><a href="/wiki/Bom" title="Bom">Bom</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_angkatan_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejuruteraan angkatan laut (laman tidak wujud)">Kejuruteraan angkatan laut</a> | <a href="/wiki/Senjata_api" title="Senjata api">Senjata api</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amunisi" title="Amunisi">amunisi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_dan_kelengkapan_tentera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi dan kelengkapan tentera (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi dan kelengkapan tentera</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&oldid=4907757">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&oldid=4907757</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kejuruteraan_awam" title="Kategori:Kejuruteraan awam">Kejuruteraan awam</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 02:48, 8 Oktober 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kejuruteraan_awam&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4dtrt","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.086","walltime":"0.224","ppvisitednodes":{"value":48,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":6325,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":53,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1110,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 57.656 1 Templat:Teknologi","100.00% 57.656 1 -total"," 90.67% 52.278 1 Templat:Tnavbar-header"," 84.61% 48.785 1 Templat:Navbar"," 2.15% 1.240 1 Templat:State"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.028","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":635256,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-74dc4d995d-9tfwr","timestamp":"20241104082546","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kejuruteraan awam","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kejuruteraan_awam","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q77590","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q77590","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-14T04:00:23Z","dateModified":"2020-10-08T02:48:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/61\/A73_Brueckenschalung2.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>