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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of tank irrigation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>An <b>irrigation tank</b> or <b>tank</b> is an artificial <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a> of any size. In countries like Sri Lanka and India they are part of historic methods of <a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">harvesting and preserving rainwater</a>, critical in regions without <a href="/wiki/Perennial_water" title="Perennial water">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_resources" title="Water resources">water resources</a>. A tank is often an <a href="/wiki/Water_bund" class="mw-redirect" title="Water bund">earthen bund</a> (embankment or levee) constructed across a long slope to collect and store <a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">surface water</a> from the above <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment</a> and by taking advantage of local <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>. The water would be used primarily for agriculture and drinking water, but also for bathing and rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Tank_management_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tank_management-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word tank is the English language substitute for several vernacular terms.<sup id="cite_ref-glossary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glossary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Tank irrigation</b>, or reservoir irrigation, utilizes tanks and connected <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">sluices</a> and channels to direct water to the crops. This <a href="/wiki/Surface_irrigation" title="Surface irrigation">surface irrigation</a> method can be used to grow crops like rice.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tank irrigation in Thailand is a newer method of irrigation as compared to peninsular India.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar small-scale reservoir based irrigation methods using earthen bunds are used in countries like Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>tank cascade</b> is a system of irrigation tanks in single or multiple chains where water from a higher tank flows into lower tanks. Examples of tank cascades include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka%27s_tank_cascade_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lanka's tank cascade system (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka's tank cascade system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Indian city of Bangalore's cascading <a href="/wiki/Lakes_in_Bangalore" title="Lakes in Bangalore">lakes</a> in the Varthur lake series,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Indian city of <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>'s Vandiyur tank cascade system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_features">Structure and features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg/220px-Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg/330px-Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg/440px-Sri_Lanka_tank_cascade_system_aerial_and_elevation_diagrams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Tank cascade system diagram, aerial and elevation views, Sri Lanka</figcaption></figure> <p>A tank consists of a shallow bed area near the inlet(s) and a relatively deeper bed area near the bund.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inlet is fed by an upstream catchment area and stream or canals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of an irrigation system, a number of sluices at the deeper bund area allows water to be fed into surface canals which distribute water to crops within the tank command area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A surplus/waste weir or the overflow outlet allows water to drain into a downstream tank.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bund or embankment is an uneven bow or crescent-shaped structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the landscape the length could vary widely from two to many kilometers. The bund is a few meters high.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irrigation tanks provide features that allow for other useful products such as fishes, grass, and silt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_tank_management">Modern tank management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern tank management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG/220px-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG/330px-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG/440px-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>A tank in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In India there are approximately 120,000 small-scale tanks, irrigating about 41,200 km² in semi-arid areas of India.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This constitutes about one third of the total irrigated land in South India.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of large-scale water management methods and hydroelectric generation have replaced much of the local efforts and community management of water.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ralegaon_Siddhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralegaon Siddhi">Ralegaon Siddhi</a> is an example of a village that revitalised its ancient tank system. In 1975 the village was <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>-stricken. The village tank could not hold water as the earthen <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">embankment dam</a> wall leaked. Work began with the <a href="/wiki/Percolation" title="Percolation">percolation</a> tank construction by the villagers to repair the embankment. Once this was fixed, the village's seven wells below the tank filled with water in the summer. Now the village has a supply of water throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 Sri Lanka had over 11,000 tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_types_of_tanks">Other types of tanks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other types of tanks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Other types of tanks in the subcontinent include <a href="/wiki/Temple_tank" title="Temple tank">temple tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">stepwells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temple tanks are water storage tanks that combine the practical and sacred.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many temple tanks are decaying and drying up today.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since ancient times, the design of water storage has been important in Indian architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stepwells were often used for leisure, providing relief from daytime heat. This led to the building of some significant ornamental and architectural features, often associated with dwellings and in urban areas. It also ensured their survival as monuments. An example of the art of tank design is the large, geometrically spectacular stepped tank at <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, surrounding the modern town of <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A shrine in a ruined tank at Vijayanagara in Karnataka"><img alt="A shrine in a ruined tank at Vijayanagara in Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg/120px-ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg/180px-ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg/240px-ShrineInTankVijayanagara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A shrine in a ruined tank at <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badami_countryside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tank at Badami in Karnataka"><img alt="A tank at Badami in Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Badami_countryside.jpg/120px-Badami_countryside.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Badami_countryside.jpg/180px-Badami_countryside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Badami_countryside.jpg/240px-Badami_countryside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A tank at <a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bawdi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bavdi at Shekhawati in Rajasthan"><img alt="A bavdi at Shekhawati in Rajasthan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bawdi.jpg/120px-Bawdi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bawdi.jpg/180px-Bawdi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bawdi.jpg/240px-Bawdi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Bavdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavdi">bavdi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shekhawati" title="Shekhawati">Shekhawati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johad.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A johad at Thathawata in Rajasthan"><img alt="A johad at Thathawata in Rajasthan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Johad.JPG/120px-Johad.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Johad.JPG/180px-Johad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Johad.JPG/240px-Johad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Johad" title="Johad">johad</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thathawata" title="Thathawata">Thathawata</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trikuteshwara_well.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A well at Trikuteshwara temple in Karnataka"><img alt="A well at Trikuteshwara temple in Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Trikuteshwara_well.JPG/80px-Trikuteshwara_well.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Trikuteshwara_well.JPG/120px-Trikuteshwara_well.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Trikuteshwara_well.JPG/160px-Trikuteshwara_well.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A well at <a href="/wiki/Trikuteshwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Trikuteshwara">Trikuteshwara</a> temple in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adalaj Stepwell in Gujarat"><img alt="Adalaj Stepwell in Gujarat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg/120px-Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg/180px-Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg/240px-Schacht_Adalaj_Stepwell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adalaj_Stepwell" title="Adalaj Stepwell">Adalaj Stepwell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam_(agricultural_reservoir)" title="Dam (agricultural reservoir)">Dam (agricultural reservoir)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tank_management-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tank_management_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/Dhan.htm">"Tank management"</a>. <i>rainwaterharvesting.org</i>. Centre for Science and Environment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rainwaterharvesting.org&rft.atitle=Tank+management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainwaterharvesting.org%2FRural%2FDhan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glossary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glossary_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061106230438/http://www.indoarch.org/arch_glossary.php">"Architecture on the Indian Subcontinent – glossary"</a>. <i>indoarch.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indoarch.org/arch_glossary.php">the original</a> on 6 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indoarch.org&rft.atitle=Architecture+on+the+Indian+Subcontinent+%E2%80%93+glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indoarch.org%2Farch_glossary.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2003" class="citation book cs1">Shah, Esha (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edepot.wur.nl/139417"><i>Social Designs: Tank Irrigation Technology and Agrarian Transformation in Karnataka, South India</i></a>. 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Singapore: Periplus Editions. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7946-0011-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7946-0011-2"><bdi>978-0-7946-0011-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Architecture+and+Water&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Indian+Architecture&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7946-0011-2&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Binda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalia2006" class="citation web cs1">Walia, Varinder (1 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060601/aplus.htm">"Ponds, tanks relics of a bygone era"</a>. The Tribune AmritsarPlus Online Edition<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ponds%2C+tanks+relics+of+a+bygone+era&rft.pub=The+Tribune+AmritsarPlus+Online+Edition&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.aulast=Walia&rft.aufirst=Varinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2006%2F20060601%2Faplus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southasia.ucla.edu/culture/architecture/stepwells/">"Architecture – Stepwells"</a>. <i>southasia.ucla.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216004806/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Archit/Stepw.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=southasia.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=Architecture+%E2%80%93+Stepwells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthasia.ucla.edu%2Fculture%2Farchitecture%2Fstepwells%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/hampi/lt01.html">"Great Tank"</a>. art-and-archaeology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Tank&rft.pub=art-and-archaeology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-and-archaeology.com%2Findia%2Fhampi%2Flt01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalanisamiEaster2000" class="citation book cs1">Palanisami, K.; Easter, K.W. (2000). <i>Tank Irrigation in the 21st Century – What Next?</i>. Jain Book Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171415588" title="Special:BookSources/9788171415588"><bdi>9788171415588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tank+Irrigation+in+the+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+What+Next%3F&rft.pub=Jain+Book+Agency&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788171415588&rft.aulast=Palanisami&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Easter%2C+K.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_MeterSteiffMcLaughlinBasu2016" class="citation journal cs1">Van Meter, Kimberly J.; Steiff, Michael; McLaughlin, Daniel L.; Basu, Nandita B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/20/2629/2016/">"The socioecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics across spatial scales"</a>. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>. <b>20</b> (7): 2629–2647. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016HESS...20.2629V">2016HESS...20.2629V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-20-2629-2016">10.5194/hess-20-2629-2016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10919%2F95857">10919/95857</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1607-7938">1607-7938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrology+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+socioecohydrology+of+rainwater+harvesting+in+India%3A+understanding+water+storage+and+release+dynamics+across+spatial+scales&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=2629-2647&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10919%2F95857&rft.issn=1607-7938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fhess-20-2629-2016&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016HESS...20.2629V&rft.aulast=Van+Meter&rft.aufirst=Kimberly+J.&rft.au=Steiff%2C+Michael&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Basu%2C+Nandita+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhess.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F20%2F2629%2F2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooja" class="citation web cs1">Hooja, Rima. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_pr/t_pr_hooja_book_frameset.htm">"Channeling Nature: Hydraulics, Traditional Knowledge Systems, And Water Resource Management in India – A Historical Perspective"</a>. Infinity Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channeling+Nature%3A+Hydraulics%2C+Traditional+Knowledge+Systems%2C+And+Water+Resource+Management+in+India+%E2%80%93+A+Historical+Perspective&rft.pub=Infinity+Foundation&rft.aulast=Hooja&rft.aufirst=Rima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinityfoundation.com%2Fmandala%2Ft_pr%2Ft_pr_hooja_book_frameset.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjiRawatShah2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mukherji, Aditi; Rawat, Stuti; Shah, Tushaar (2013). "Major Insights from India's Minor Irrigation Censuses: 1986-87 to 2006-07". <i><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a></i>. <b>48</b> (26/27): 115–124. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23527239">23527239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Major+Insights+from+India%27s+Minor+Irrigation+Censuses%3A+1986-87+to+2006-07&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=26%2F27&rft.pages=115-124&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23527239%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Mukherji&rft.aufirst=Aditi&rft.au=Rawat%2C+Stuti&rft.au=Shah%2C+Tushaar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernando1980" class="citation journal cs1">Fernando, A. Denis N. (1980). "Major ancient irrigation works of Sri Lanka". <i>Journal of the Sri Lanka Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>22</b>: 1–24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1013-9818">1013-9818</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45277707">45277707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Sri+Lanka+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Major+ancient+irrigation+works+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45277707%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1013-9818&rft.aulast=Fernando&rft.aufirst=A.+Denis+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCritchleySiegertChapman1991" class="citation cs2">Critchley, Will; Siegert, Klaus; Chapman, C (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/3/u3160e/u3160e00.htm#Contents"><i>Water harvesting. A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production.</i></a>, Food and Agriculture Organization</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+harvesting.+A+Manual+for+the+Design+and+Construction+of+Water+Harvesting+Schemes+for+Plant+Production.&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Critchley&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Siegert%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Chapman%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fu3160e%2Fu3160e00.htm%23Contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillison2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Millison" title="Andrew Millison">Millison, Andrew</a> (7 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuYGS5pLRZg"><i>Permaculture Water Management. This farm cracked the code#1: Water Wizard of Oregon</i></a> (YouTube).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permaculture+Water+Management.+This+farm+cracked+the+code%231%3A+Water+Wizard+of+Oregon&rft.date=2022-08-07&rft.aulast=Millison&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBuYGS5pLRZg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrrigation+tank" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&oldid=1248721129">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_tank&oldid=1248721129</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irrigation_in_India" title="Category:Irrigation in India">Irrigation in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Category:Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irrigation_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Irrigation in Sri Lanka">Irrigation in Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irrigation_tanks_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Irrigation tanks in Sri Lanka">Irrigation tanks in Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rainwater_harvesting" title="Category:Rainwater harvesting">Rainwater harvesting</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2022">Use dmy dates from December 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 October 2024, at 03:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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