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RDM Handbook
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animation: uk-animation-fade; media: @m ;"> <li> <a href>Open Data</a> </li> <li> <a href>Why manage data?</a> </li> <li> <a href>How to make data open?</a> </li> <li> <a href>Why share data?</a> </li> <li> <a href>Which data should be preserved and shared?</a> </li> <li> <a href>Responsibilities in Research Data Management</a> </li> <li> <a href>Explore the indicators related to open research data</a> </li> <li> <a href>What is a data management plan (DMP)?</a> </li> <li> <a href>Key messages</a> </li> <li> <a href>View our webinars recordings</a> </li> <li> <a href>Useful links</a> </li> </ul></div> <div> <div id="js-0" class="uk-switcher" uk-height-match="row: false"> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Open Data </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><p class="uk-text-lead">“Open data and content can be freely used, modified and shared by anyone for any purpose”</p> <p class="uk-text-meta">Source: <a href="http://opendefinition.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://opendefinition.org</a></p> <p>Tim Berners-Lee’s proposal for five star open data <a href="http://5stardata.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://5stardata.info</a></p> <table class="uk-table uk-table-striped uk-table-hover"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong><span style="color: #ff9900;">One star</span></strong></td> <td>make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open licence</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><span style="color: #ff9900;">Two stars</span></strong></td> <td>make it available as structured data (e.g. Excel instead of a scan of a table)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Three stars</strong></span></td> <td>use non-proprietary formats (e.g. CSV instead of Excel)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: #ff9900;"><strong>Four stars</strong></span></td> <td>use URIs to denote things, so that people can point at your stuff</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><span style="color: #ff9900;">Five stars</span></strong></td> <td>link your data to other data to provide context</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Why manage data? </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><div class="uk-text-center" uk-grid=""> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-primary uk-card-body uk-card-small"> <h4>NON PECUNIAE INVESTIGATIONIS CURATORE<br />SED VITAE FACIMUS PROGRAMMAS DATORUM PROCURATIONIS</h4> </div> </div> </div> <p class="uk-text-primary uk-text-meta uk-text-center">(Not for the research funder, but for life we make data management plans)</p> <ul> <li>Make your research easier</li> <li>Stop yourself drowning in irrelevant stuff</li> <li>Save data for later</li> <li>Avoid accusations of fraud or bad science</li> <li>Write a data paper</li> <li>Share your data for re-use</li> <li>Get credit for it</li> </ul> <p> </p></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> How to make data open? </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><p><strong>4 Key steps in very approximate order</strong> — many of the steps can be done simultaneously.</p> <ol> <li><strong>Choose your dataset(s) </strong>— Choose the dataset(s) you plan to make open. Keep in mind that you can (and may need to) return to this step if you encounter problems at a later stage.</li> <li><strong>Apply an open license <a href="/how-to-openly-license-research-data" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(see more info)</a></strong> <ul> <li>Determine what intellectual property rights exist in the data.</li> <li>Apply a suitable ‘open’ license that licenses all of these rights and supports the definition of openness.</li> <li>NB: if you can’t do this go back to step 1 and try a different dataset.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Make the data available</strong> — in bulk and in a useful format. You may also wish to consider alternative ways of making it available such as via an API.</li> <li><strong>Make it discoverable</strong> — post on the web and perhaps organize a central catalog to list your open datasets.</li> </ol> <p class="uk-text-meta">Source: <a href="https://okfn.org/opendata/how-to-open-data/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://okfn.org/opendata/how-to-open-data/</a></p> <p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/images/Guides/burydata.png" alt="data cartoon" width="400" height="557" /></p> <p class="uk-text-meta" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of<a href="http://aukeherrema.nl/"> </a><a href="http://aukeherrema.nl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://aukeherrema.nl</a> CC-BY</p></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Why share data? </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><div class="class=" uk-child-width-1-2="" uk-grid-match="" uk-text-center="" uk-grid=""> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-card-small"> <div class="uk-card-body uk-text-center uk-text-primary"> <h3 class="uk-text-center uk-text-primary">It's part of good data practice</h3> </div> <div class="uk-card-media-bottom"><img src="/images/Guides/datagoodpracice.png" alt="datagoodpracice" /></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-card-small"> <div class="uk-card-body"> <h3 class="uk-text-center uk-text-primary">Cut down on academic fraud</h3> <div class="uk-text-meta uk-text-center"><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/2011/111101/full/479015a.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.nature.com/news/2011/111101/full/479015a.html</a></div> </div> <div class="uk-card-media-bottom"><img src="/images/Guides/dataacademicfraud.png" alt="dataacademicfraud" /></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-card-small"> <div class="uk-card-body"> <h3 class="uk-text-center uk-text-primary">Validate results</h3> <p class="uk-text-small">"It was a mistake in a spreadsheet that could have been easily overlooked: a few rows left out of an equation to average the values in a column. The spreadsheet was used to draw the conclusion of an influential 2010 economics paper: that public debt of more than 90% of GDP slows down growth. This conclusion was later cited by the International Monetary Fund and the UK Treasury to justify programmes of austerity that have arguably led to riots, poverty and lost jobs."</p> <div class="uk-text-meta"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/apr/18/uncovered-error-george-osborne-austerity" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/apr/18/uncovered-error-george-osborne-austerity</a></div> </div> <div class="uk-card-media-bottom"><img src="/images/Guides/datavalidation.png" alt="datavalidation" /></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-card-small"> <div class="uk-card-body"> <h3 class="uk-text-center uk-text-primary">More scientific breakthroughs</h3> <p class="uk-text-small">Data sharing enables scientific breakthroughs in the <a href="https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">human brain</a> studies as well as <a href="https://www.synapse.org/#!Synapse:syn2580853/wiki/409840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alzheimer’s Disease, Type 2 Diabetes</a>, <a href="http://www.immport.org/immport-open/public/home/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus</a> and many others.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-card-small"> <div class="uk-card-body"> <h3 class="uk-text-center uk-text-primary">A citation advantage</h3> <p class="uk-text-small">A study that analysed the citation counts of 10,555 papers on gene expression studies that created microarray data, showed: “studies that made data available in a public repository received 9% more citations than similar studies for which the data was not made available” (Source: <a href="https://peerj.com/articles/175/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Data reuse and the open data citation advantage, Piwowar, H. & Vision, T.</a>)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Which data should be preserved and shared? </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><ul> <li>The <span class="uk-text-bold uk-text-secondary">data</span> needed to validate results in scientific publications (minimally!).</li> <li>The associated <span class="uk-text-bold uk-text-secondary"><a href="/what-is-metadata" target="_blank" rel="noopener">metadata</a></span>: the dataset’s creator, title, year of publication, repository, identifier etc. <ul> <li>Follow a metadata standard in your line of work, or a generic standard, e.g. Dublin Core or DataCite, and be FAIR.</li> <li>The repository will assign a persistent ID to the dataset: important for discovering and citing the data.</li> </ul> </li> <li><span class="uk-text-bold uk-text-secondary">Documentation</span>: code books, lab journals, informed consent forms – domain-dependent, and important for understanding the data and combining them with other data sources.</li> <li><span class="uk-text-bold uk-text-secondary">Software</span>, hardware, tools, syntax queries, machine configurations – domain-dependent, and important for using the data. (Alternative: information about the software etc.)</li> </ul> <p class="uk-alert-warning uk-text-large uk-text-center" uk-alert="">Basically, everything that is needed to replicate a study should be available. Plus everything that is potentially useful for others.</p></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Responsibilities in Research Data Management </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><ul class="uk-list uk-list-striped"> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">The principal investigator</span> – ultimately responsible for the data and for data management</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Researchers, research assistants and/or data managers</span> – involved in day-to-day data management</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">The institution’s management</span> – draft and enforce data policies; raise data awareness</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">The institution’s research office consisting of library, IT and legal services</span> – provide external data, tools, secure storage and access; expertise on rights management and ethics, data citation, metadata, access and licenses, funder requirements; raise data awareness</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Research funders</span> – encourage good data practices; invest in data infrastructure; raise data awareness</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Project partners</span> in academic and other research institutions as well as commercial partners</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Academic publishers</span> – impose requirements on the availability of data underlying submitted and/or published papers; provide identifiers to cite papers and link to related data</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Research data repositories</span> – long-term preservation of data long term; provide persistent identifiers and data discovery service</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Explore the indicators related to open research data </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><p>Check out case studies and overviews of research data repositories, funder policies on data sharing and researchers attitudes towards data sharing in the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/open-science/open-science-monitor/facts-and-figures-open-research-data_en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Open Research Data section</a> of the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/open-science/open-science-monitor_en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Open Science Monitor</a>, commissioned by the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation</p> <div class="uk-text-center"><img src="/images/Guides/newerascience.png" alt="newerascience" /></div> <p> </p> <p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/images/Guides/datacitation.png" alt="datacitation" width="350" height="487" /></p> <p class="uk-text-meta uk-text-center">Image courtesy of<a href="http://aukeherrema.nl/"> </a><a href="http://aukeherrema.nl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://aukeherrema.nl</a> CC-BY</p></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> What is a data management plan (DMP)? </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><p>A Data Management Plan (DMP) is a brief plan to define:</p> <ul class="uk-list"> <li>how the data will be created</li> <li>how it will be documented</li> <li>who will be able to access it</li> <li>where it will be stored</li> <li>who will back it up</li> <li>whether (and how) it will be shared and preserved.</li> </ul> <p class="uk-alert uk-alert-primary">DMPs are often submitted as part of grant applications, but are useful whenever researchers are creating data.</p> <h3 class="uk-heading-divider uk-text-primary">Common themes in DMPs</h3> <ul class="uk-list uk-list-bullet"> <li>Description of data to be collected / created (i.e. content, type, format, volume...)</li> <li>Standards / methodologies for data collection & management</li> <li>Ethics and Intellectual Property (highlight restrictions on data sharing e.g. embargoes, confidentiality)</li> <li>Plans for data sharing and access (i.e. how, when, to whom)</li> <li>Strategy for long-term preservation</li> </ul> <h3 class="uk-heading-divider uk-text-primary">More elaborate DMP</h3> <p>Scientific research data should be easily:</p> <ol class="uk-list uk-list-divider uk-list-striped"> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Discoverable</span> - Are the data discoverable and identifiable by a standard mechanism e.g. DOIs?</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Accessible</span> - Are the data accessible and under what conditions e.g. licenses, embargoes?</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Assessable and intelligible</span> - Are the data and software assessable and intelligible to third parties for peer-review? E.g. can judgements be made about their reliability and the competence of those who created them?</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Useable beyond the original purpose for which it was collected</span> - Are the data properly curated and stored together with the minimum software and documentation to be useful by third parties in the long-term?</li> <li><span class="uk-text-primary uk-text-bold">Interoperable to specific quality standards</span> - Are the data and software interoperable, allowing data exchange? E.g. were common formats and standards for metadata used?</li> </ol> <div> <img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/images/Guides/dataocean.png" alt="dataocean" width="350" height="488" /></div> <div class="uk-text-meta" style="text-align: center;">Image courtesy of<a href="http://aukeherrema.nl/"> </a><a href="http://aukeherrema.nl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://aukeherrema.nl</a> CC-BY</div> <p> </p></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Key messages </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><ul class="uk-list uk-list-stripped"> <li>The principles of good research conduct hold for all of us, across disciplinary boundaries.</li> <li>Data management is all in a day’s work.</li> <li>Planning and reflection are more important than the plan – but write the DMP and keep it up to date.</li> <li>Planning data management is teamwork.</li> <li>Think about the desired end result and plan for this.</li> <li>Decisions made early affect what you can do later.</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> View our webinars recordings </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><div class="uk-child-width-expand@s uk-text-center uk-text-middle" uk-grid=""> <div class=""uk-text-center"><img src="/images/Guides/webinar_icon_1.png" alt="webinar icon 1" /></div> <div> <ul class="uk-list uk-list-divider uk-list-striped"> <li><a href="https://www.openaire.eu/research-data-management-an-introductory-webinar-from-openaire-and-eudat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Research Data Management: An introductory Webinar from OpenAIRE and EUDAT (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openaire.eu/webinars-on-how-to-write-a-data-management-plan-joint-eudat-openaire-webinar-july-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Webinars on How to write a Data Management Plan - Joint EUDAT-OpenAIRE webinar (July 2016) </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openaire.eu/open-access-week-2017-flip-the-classroom-bring-your-questions-about-rdm-and-dmps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Open Access Week 2017: Flip the classroom: bring your questions about RDM and DMPs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="el-item uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> Useful links </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><ul class="uk-list"> <li><a href="https://mantra.edina.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MANTRA Research Data Management Training</a> - a free online course for those who manage digital data as part of their research project</li> <li><a href="http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Briefing papers, How-to Guides and Checklists, Tools, Case studies, Standards, etc from DCC, Digital Curation Center </a></li> <li><a href="http://datasupport.researchdata.nl/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Essentials 4 Data Support</a> - an introductory course for those who (want to) support researchers in storing, managing, archiving and sharing their research data </li> <li><a href="https://www.cessda.eu/Training/Training-Resources/Library/Data-Management-Expert-Guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Data Management Expert Guide [CESSDA]">Data Management Expert Guide [CESSDA]</a> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="uk-section-muted uk-section uk-section-large"> <div class="uk-grid-margin uk-container uk-container-small"><div class="uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-grid-divider" uk-grid> <div class="uk-width-1-2@m"> <div class="uk-panel uk-margin-remove-first-child uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-scrollspy="target: [uk-scrollspy-class];"> <img src="/images/Icons/Icon%20Help_blue.svg" width="58" height="58" alt loading="lazy" uk-svg class="uk-text-emphasis el-image"> <h3 class="el-title uk-h1 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