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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descripción" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripción"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descripción</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descripción-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribución" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribución"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribución</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribución-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propiedaes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propiedaes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Propiedaes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propiedaes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Propiedaes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Propiedaes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usos_Melecinales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos_Melecinales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Usos Melecinales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usos_Melecinales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivu_y_variedaes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivu_y_variedaes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivu y variedaes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivu_y_variedaes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Cultivu y variedaes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivu_y_variedaes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Producción" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producción"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Producción</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producción-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variedaes_cultivaes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variedaes_cultivaes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Variedaes cultivaes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variedaes_cultivaes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Taxonomía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_tamién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_tamién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ver tamién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_tamién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Cynara scolymus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 72 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81" title="خرشوف – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خرشوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81" title="خرشوف – árabe d’Exiptu" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خرشوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="árabe d’Exiptu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Артишок – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артишок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་ཤིང་ཞིག – tibetanu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་ཤིང་ཞིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichaod" title="Artichaod – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Artichaod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka" title="Artičoka – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artičoka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carxofera" title="Carxofera – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carxofera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – cebuanu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88" title="ئارتیشوو – kurdu central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئارتیشوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdu central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichjoccu" title="Artichjoccu – corsu" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Artichjoccu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arty%C4%8Dok" title="Artyčok – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Artyčok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiskok" title="Artiskok – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Artiskok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artischocke" title="Artischocke – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artischocke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%9Doko" title="Artiŝoko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artiŝoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%A1okk" title="Artišokk – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Artišokk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orburu" title="Orburu – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کنگر فرنگی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگر فرنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latva-artisokka" title="Latva-artisokka – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latva-artisokka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichaut" title="Artichaut – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artichaut" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcachofa" title="Alcachofa – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcachofa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ארטישוק – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארטישוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artics%C3%B3ka" title="Articsóka – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Articsóka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articok" title="Articok – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Articok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoko" title="Artichoko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artichoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_cardunculus_scolymus" title="Cynara cardunculus scolymus – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cynara cardunculus scolymus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アーティチョーク – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーティチョーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Бөрікгүл – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөрікгүл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರ್ಟಿಚೋಕ್ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಟಿಚೋಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%B4%88%ED%81%AC" title="아티초크 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아티초크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%AE%C5%9Fok" title="Artîşok – curdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Artîşok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_cardunculus_var._scolymus" title="Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikrasis_arti%C5%A1okas" title="Tikrasis artišokas – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tikrasis artišokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%A1oks" title="Artišoks – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Artišoks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Артичока – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Артичока" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ആർട്ടിചോക്ക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിചോക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articok" title="Articok – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Articok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisjok" title="Artisjok – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artisjok" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisjokk" title="Artisjokk – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Artisjokk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azee%CA%BC_h%C3%B3k%C3%A1niitsoh_(ch%CA%BCil_daad%C3%A1n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD)" title="Azeeʼ hókániitsoh (chʼil daadánígíí) – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Azeeʼ hókániitsoh (chʼil daadánígíí)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articheut" title="Articheut – pícaru" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Articheut" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pícaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karczoch_zwyczajny" title="Karczoch zwyczajny – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karczoch zwyczajny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artici%C3%B2ch" title="Articiòch – piamontés" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Articiòch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piamontés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcachofra" title="Alcachofra – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alcachofra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghinare" title="Anghinare – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anghinare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Артишок настоящий – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артишок настоящий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritisho" title="Aritisho – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Aritisho" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – sardu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – sicilianu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka" title="Artičoka – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artičoka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ආටිචෝක් – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආටිචෝක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka_zeleninov%C3%A1" title="Artičoka zeleninová – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artičoka zeleninová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angjinarja" title="Angjinarja – albanu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Angjinarja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Артичока – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Артичока" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kron%C3%A4rtskocka" title="Kronärtskocka – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kronärtskocka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="முள் முட்டைக்கோசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முள் முட்டைக்கோசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81" title="อาร์ทิโชก – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์ทิโชก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artokok" title="Artokok – turcomanu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Artokok" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginar" title="Enginar – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enginar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="كەنگەر – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كەنگەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Артишок іспанський – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артишок іспанський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artishok" title="Artishok – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Artishok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atis%C3%B4" title="Atisô – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Atisô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E8%93%9F" title="菜蓟 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="菜蓟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E8%96%8A" title="菜薊 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菜薊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%9E%9D%E7%AB%B9" title="雅枝竹 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅枝竹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23041430#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&oldid=4310972" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de la páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Cynara_scolymus&id=4310972&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información tocante a cómo citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCynara_scolymus"><span>Llograr la URL encurtiada</span></a></li><li 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/24px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/32px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span style="flex: 1"><i>Cynara scolymus</i><br /></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Infobox_plantae.png/50px-Infobox_plantae.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Infobox_plantae.png/75px-Infobox_plantae.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Infobox_plantae.png/100px-Infobox_plantae.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg/260px-Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg/390px-Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg/520px-Artichoke_ready_to_cook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="883" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasificación científica">Clasificación científica</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Reinu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reinu (bioloxía)">Reinu</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="División (bioloxía)">División</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Clas_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Clas (bioloxía)">Clas</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Orde (bioloxía)">Orde</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía)">Familia</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Subfamilia:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cichorioideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cichorioideae (la páxina nun esiste)">Cichorioideae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Tribu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Tribu (bioloxía)">Tribu</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardueae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardueae (la páxina nun esiste)">Cardueae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Subtribu:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinopsidinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinopsidinae (la páxina nun esiste)">Echinopsidinae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9neru_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xéneru (bioloxía)">Xéneru</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <span style="font-style:italic"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (la páxina nun esiste)">Cynara</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Especie" title="Especie">Especie</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <span style="font-style:italic"><i>C. scolymus</i></span><br /><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Linneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Linneo">L.</a>, <i>Sp. Pl.</i>, vol. 2, p. 827, 1753<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358848">[1]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rea_bioxeogr%C3%A1fica" title="Área bioxeográfica">Distribución</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:2005artichoke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005artichoke.png/260px-2005artichoke.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005artichoke.png/390px-2005artichoke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005artichoke.png/520px-2005artichoke.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #90EE90;">Consultes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><small>[<span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23041430" class="extiw" title="d:Q23041430">editar datos en Wikidata</a></span>]</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Cynara scolymus</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ye una planta cultivada como alimentu en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Climes_templaos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climes templaos (la páxina nun esiste)">climes templaos</a>. Pertenez al <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9neru_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xéneru (bioloxía)">xéneru</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (la páxina nun esiste)">Cynara</a></i> dientro de la <a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía)">familia</a> <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>. El so frutu, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcaxofa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcaxofa (la páxina nun esiste)">alcaxofa</a>, ye un alimentu escelente usáu tamién como diuréticu </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripción"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3n"></span>Descripción</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Descripción" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Descripción"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'alcaxofera algama de 1,4 a 2 metros d'altor. Vuelve brotar de la cepa tolos años, pasáu l'iviernu, si'l fríu nun lo xeló. Echa un rosetón de fueyes enteres hasta fondamente segmentaes anque menos estremaes que les del <a href="/wiki/Cardu" class="mw-disambig" title="Cardu">cardu</a> y con poques o nengún escayu. Les fueyes tienen color verde claro nel fexe y nel viesu tán cubiertes por unes fibrillas ablancazaes que-y dan un aspeutu pálidu. Tanto'l rabillu de la fueya como la vena principal tienen costielles llonxitudinales bien salientes. </p><p>Cuando la planta entallece, echa un renuevu más o menos alto, polu, pero tamién costelludu y asurcáu con cada vegada fueyes más escases y menos estremaes a midida que tean más altes en dichu tallo. Nel so <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apex (la páxina nun esiste)">apex</a>, y en delles divisiones llaterales, traen unes cabezueles bien grueses, les alcachofes, cubiertes de numberoses bráctees coriacees, na base de les cualos ta lo tienro y comestible. Al floriar, endurecen enforma diches bráctees y non pueden aprovechase pa comer, anque nun rematen n'escayos como la de los cardos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribución"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3n"></span>Distribución</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Distribución" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Distribución"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orixinalmente procedente del <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneu" title="Mar Mediterraneu">Mediterraneu</a> occidental.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Introducíu y cultiváu en numberosos países templaos en tol mundu. </p><p>El holandeses introducieron les alcachofes n'<a href="/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> onde en 1530 yá empezaron a crecer en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreham (la páxina nun esiste)">Boreham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>) nel xardín d'un palaciu d'<a href="/wiki/Enrique_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Enrique VIII">Enrique VIII</a>. </p><p>Fueron introducíes nos <a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_d%27Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estaos Xuníos d'América">Estaos Xuníos d'América</a> nel sieglu XVIII al traviés de la <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> polos franceses y de <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> polos españoles . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propiedaes">Propiedaes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Propiedaes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Propiedaes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera gastronomía" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:black;background-color: #DB8;;">alcachofa, cruda</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Artichoke71.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Artichoke71.jpg/251px-Artichoke71.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Artichoke71.jpg/377px-Artichoke71.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Artichoke71.jpg/502px-Artichoke71.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #FDA;;"> Tamañu de porción</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #FEC;;"> Enerxía 53 kcal 220 kJ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcidu" title="Glúcidu">Carbohidratos</a></b></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 10.51g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"> • <a href="/wiki/Fibra_alimentaria" title="Fibra alimentaria">Fibra alimentaria</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 5.4g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Grasa" title="Grasa">Grases</a></b></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.34g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna" title="Proteína">Proteínes</a></b></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 2.89g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agua" title="Agua">Agua</a></b></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 84.94 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_A" title="Vitamina A">Retinol (vit. A)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 13 μg (1%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B1" title="Vitamina B1">Tiamina (vit. B<sub>1</sub>)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.05 mg (4%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B2" title="Vitamina B2">Riboflavina (vit. B<sub>2</sub>)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.089 mg (6%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B3" title="Vitamina B3">Niacina (vit. B<sub>3</sub>)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.111 mg (1%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamina_B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitamina B5 (la páxina nun esiste)">Ácidu pantoténicu (vit. B<sub>5</sub>)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.24 mg (5%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B6" title="Vitamina B6">Vitamina B<sub>6</sub></a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.081 mg (6%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81cidu_f%C3%B3licu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ácidu fólicu">Ácidu fólicu (vit. B<sub>9</sub>)</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 89 μg (22%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C">Vitamina C</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 7.4 mg (12%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_E" title="Vitamina E">Vitamina E</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.19 mg (1%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamina_K" title="Vitamina K">Vitamina K</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 14.8 μg (14%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Calciu</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 21 mg (2%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Fierro" title="Fierro">Fierro</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.61 mg (5%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesiu" title="Magnesiu">Magnesiu</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 42 mg (11%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu">Manganesu</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.225 mg (11%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforu" title="Fósforu">Fósforu</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 73 mg (10%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">Potasiu</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 276 mg (6%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight: normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Cinc" title="Cinc">Cinc</a></th><td colspan="2" style="text-align: left;;"> 0.4 mg (4%)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FDA;;"> % <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantid%C3%A1_diaria_encamentada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantidá diaria encamentada (la páxina nun esiste)">de la cantidá diaria encamentada</a> p'adultos.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#FDA;;"> <small>Fonte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=11007&format=Full">alcachofa, cruda</a> na base de datos de nutrientes del <a href="/wiki/Departamentu_d%27Agricultura_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Departamentu d'Agricultura de los Estaos Xuníos">USDA</a>.</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><small>[<span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23041430" class="extiw" title="d:Q23041430">editar datos en Wikidata</a></span>]</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tres l'<a href="/wiki/Agua" title="Agua">agua</a>, el componente mayoritariu de les alcachofes son los <a href="/wiki/Hidratos_de_carbonu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidratos de carbonu">hidratos de carbonu</a>, ente los que destaca la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inulina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inulina (la páxina nun esiste)">inulina</a> y la <a href="/wiki/Fibra_alimentaria" title="Fibra alimentaria">fibra</a>. Los minerales mayoritarios son el <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">sodiu</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">potasiu</a>, el <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforu_(elementu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fósforu (elementu)">fósforu</a> y el <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">calciu</a>; y ente les <a href="/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina">vitamines</a> destaca la presencia de les <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B1" title="Vitamina B1">vitamina B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B3" title="Vitamina B3">vitamina B3</a> y pequeñes cantidaes de <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C">vitamina C</a>. Sicasí, lo más destacable de la so composición son una serie de sustancies que s'atopen en pequeña cantidá, pero dotaes de notables efeutos fisiolóxicos positivos: </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinarina (la páxina nun esiste)">cinarina</a>: sustancia acedo con efeutu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coler%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colerético (la páxina nun esiste)">colerético</a>, esto ye, con capacidá p'aumentar la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A1ndules_amiestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glándules amiestes (la páxina nun esiste)">secreción biliar</a>. La Cinarina, amás d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coler%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colerético (la páxina nun esiste)">hidrocolerético</a> ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipocolesterolemiante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipocolesterolemiante (la páxina nun esiste)">hipocolesterolemiante</a>, mengua'l cociente beta/alfa de les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipoprote%C3%ADna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipoproteína (la páxina nun esiste)">lipoproteínes</a>. Tamién ye <a href="/wiki/Diur%C3%A9ticu" title="Diuréticu">diuréticu</a>, provoca mayor espulsión d'<a href="/wiki/Orina" title="Orina">orina</a>.</li> <li>Los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteroles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteroles (la páxina nun esiste)">esteroles</a>: con capacidá pa llindar l'absorción del <a href="/wiki/Colesterol" title="Colesterol">colesterol</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Intest%C3%ADn" title="Intestín">intestín</a>.</li></ul> <p>Les sos flores, al igual que les del <a href="/wiki/Cardu" class="mw-disambig" title="Cardu">cardu</a>, contienen el <a href="/wiki/Formientu" class="mw-disambig" title="Formientu">formientu</a> "lab" (que ye un conxuntu de 3 <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimes</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepsina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepsina (la páxina nun esiste)">pepsina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quimosina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quimosina (la páxina nun esiste)">quimosina</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraquimosina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraquimosina (la páxina nun esiste)">paraquimosina</a>) que sirve como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuayo (la páxina nun esiste)">cuayo</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Lleche" title="Lleche">lleche</a> pa la ellaboración de <a href="/wiki/Quesu" title="Quesu">quesos</a>. Dichos quesos reciben xeneralmente'l calificativu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quesu_de_flor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quesu de flor (la páxina nun esiste)">quesu de flor</a>; por casu el Quesu de flor de Guía», en <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Alcachofra_(537717468).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg/220px-Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg/330px-Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg/440px-Alcachofra_%28537717468%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flor</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usos_Melecinales">Usos Melecinales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Usos Melecinales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Usos Melecinales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Úsase en forma d'estractos secos y d'otres preparaciones <a href="/wiki/Galeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Galeno">galéniques</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Usos soportaos por datos clínicos</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Pal tratamientu de molesties dixestives(por casu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispepsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispepsia (la páxina nun esiste)">dispepsia</a>, sensación de plenitú, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flatulencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flatulencia (la páxina nun esiste)">flatulencia</a>, estomagaes,dolor d'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B3magu" title="Estómagu">estómagu</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vultura (la páxina nun esiste)">vultures</a>).Como tratamientu axuntu de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipercolesterolemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipercolesterolemia (la páxina nun esiste)">hipercolesterolemia</a> nidia a moderada. </p> <dl><dt>Usos descritos na farmacopea y n'otros documentos</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Úsase oralmente pal tratamientu de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateroesclerosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateroesclerosis (la páxina nun esiste)">ateroesclerosis</a> y pa disfunciones del <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Reñón">reñón</a> (pol so efeutu <a href="/wiki/Diur%C3%A9ticu" title="Diuréticu">diuréticu</a>). Un estudiu indicó que puede ser beneficiosu nel tratamientu del síndrome del intestín irritable,pero más ensayos clínicos son necesarios enantes de poder faese encamientos terapéuticos. </p> <dl><dt>Usos descritos en medicina tradicional</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Utilizada nel tratamientu de l'<a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiebre" title="Fiebre">fiebre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gota_(enfermed%C3%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gota (enfermedá) (la páxina nun esiste)">gota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reumatismu" title="Reumatismu">reumatismu</a> y piedres en víes urinaries. </p> <dl><dt><b>Alvertencies sobre l'usu de preparaciones feches a partir d'estractos d'alcachofa</b></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>A) Reacciones adverses: </p> <ul><li>En dellos estudios demostráronse molesties gastrointestinales incluyendo foria nidia, acompañada de calambres abdominales, dolor na parte cimera del abdome, estomagaes y ardor d'estómagu. N'otros estudios namái s'atoparon llixeres molesties gastrointestinales. Pueden asoceder reacciones alérxiques en pacientes sensibilizaos.</li></ul> <p>B) Contraindicaciones: Hipersensibilidad o alerxa a les alcachofes y obstrucción de los conductos biliares. </p><p>C) Alvertencies: Créese que ye posible la interacción con anticoagulantes del tipu de les cumarinas. </p><p>D) Procuros: </p> <ul><li>Xenerales: Los pacientes con piedres na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ves%C3%ADcula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesícula (la páxina nun esiste)">vesícula</a> tendríen de pidir conseyu médicu enantes d'utilizar preparaciones melecinales llograes a partir d'esta planta.</li> <li>Embaranzu,efeutos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terat%C3%B3genos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teratógenos (la páxina nun esiste)">teratógenos</a> y non teratógenos: Nun ta encamentáu'l so usu por cuenta de que nun se dispón d'estudios de seguridá y eficacia.</li> <li>Usu pediátricu: Por cuenta de la falta d'estudios de seguridá y eficacia, nun ta encamentáu'l so usu en menores de 12 años.</li></ul> <p>Y) Posoloxía: Pa faer encamientos xenerales sobre la dosis a utilizar tien de conocese la pureza de los estractos utilizaos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Historia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esta planta (o los cardos de los que procede) podría ser orixinaria d'<a href="/wiki/Exiptu" title="Exiptu">Exiptu</a> o del Norte d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica" title="África">África</a>. La planta denomada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (la páxina nun esiste)">Cynara</a></i> yá yera conocida por griegos y romanos. Al paecer otorgábense-y poderes afrodisiacos y toma el so nome d'una rapaza seducida por <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, y dempués tresformada per este n'alcachofa. </p><p>Mientres la <a href="/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_Media" title="Edá Media">Edá Media</a> nun se conocía l'alcachofa, y piénsase que nesta dómina, del cultivu socesivu de los <a href="/wiki/Cardu" class="mw-disambig" title="Cardu">cardos</a>, los horticultores adulces tresformar hasta consiguir l'alcachofa. Yá yera consumida na <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XV" title="Sieglu XV">sieglu XV</a>. Venida de <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, apaez na <a href="/wiki/Toscana" title="Toscana">Toscana</a> escontra <a href="/wiki/1466" title="1466">1466</a>. La tradición diz que foi introducida en <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalina_de_M%C3%A9dicis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalina de Médicis (la páxina nun esiste)">Catalina de Médicis</a> a la que-y gustaba comer corazones d'alcachofa. Esta florentina llevar dende la so <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> natal al cásase col rei <a href="/wiki/Enrique_II_de_Francia" title="Enrique II de Francia">Enrique II de Francia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lluis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lluis XIV">Lluis XIV</a> yera asina mesmu un gran consumidor de alcachofes. Los colonos españoles y franceses n'<a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica" title="América">América</a>, introducir nesti continente. Col tiempu, en <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, los cardos aportaron a anguaño una auténtica plaga, exemplu de planta invasora d'un <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1bitat" title="Hábitat">hábitat</a> nel que nun s'atopaba enantes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivu_y_variedaes">Cultivu y variedaes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Cultivu y variedaes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Cultivu y variedaes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Producción"><span id="Producci.C3.B3n"></span>Producción</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Producción" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Producción"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Según la FAO, los 10 países con mayor producción en 2012 fueron los siguientes - en miles de tonelaes y orde decreciente: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:1px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Principales productores d'alcachofa - 2012<br />en miles de tonelaes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera de Exiptu"><img alt="Bandera de Exiptu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Exiptu</td> <td align="right">364.871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera d'Italia"><img alt="Bandera d'Italia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> Italia</td> <td align="right">287.704 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> España</td> <td align="right">199.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera del Perú"><img alt="Bandera del Perú" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Perú</td> <td align="right">141.496 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera d'Arxentina"><img alt="Bandera d'Arxentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> Arxentina</td> <td align="right">106.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera de la República Popular China"><img alt="Bandera de la República Popular China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> China</td> <td align="right">77.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Marruecos</td> <td align="right">63.889 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera d'Arxelia"><img alt="Bandera d'Arxelia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Arxelia</td> <td align="right">53.657 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera de Estaos Xuníos d'América"><img alt="Bandera de Estaos Xuníos d'América" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> USA</td> <td align="right">51.300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera de Francia"><img alt="Bandera de Francia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Francia</td> <td align="right">42.465 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:.7em"><center>Fonte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx">ONX: La División d'Estadística</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226073354/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/">Archiváu</a> 2018-12-26 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variedaes_cultivaes">Variedaes cultivaes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Variedaes cultivaes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Variedaes cultivaes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg/200px-Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg/300px-Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg/400px-Pleubian_22_Artichauts_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="2458" /></a><figcaption>Plantíu de <i>Cynara scolymus</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Artischocken.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Artischocken.JPG/200px-Artischocken.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Artischocken.JPG/300px-Artischocken.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Artischocken.JPG 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Alcachofes nel mercáu.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a></b>. <ul><li><b>Camus de <a href="/wiki/Breta%C3%B1a" title="Bretaña">Bretaña</a></b>: Ye la más grande d'ente les alcachofes ( con dos o trés algama'l quilu ). El capítulu de color verde tiende a formase arrondáu. Consúmese fervida o al vapor con una vinagreta. Los corazones de l'alcachofa pueden ser preparaos en conserva.</li> <li><b>Verde de <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a></b>: Más rústica que la precedente, afaise meyor al fríu. La forma ye la mesma pero l'alcachofa ye más pequeña, Denominar tamién "cabeza de gatu".</li> <li><b>Violeta de <a href="/wiki/Provenza" title="Provenza">Provenza</a></b>: Muncho más pequeña y de forma cónica coles bráctees violacees. Cultívense abondosamente na rexón mediterránea y viéndense nos mercaos col nome d'alcachofa "bouquet". Puede comese cruda cuando inda nun ta totalmente madura (llamar nesti momentu "poivrade" ), o curada con vinagreta o cocinada.</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España">España</a></b>. <ul><li><b>Blanca de <a href="/wiki/Tudela" title="Tudela">Tudela</a></b>: Variedá allargada de color verde y tamañu pequeñu. Bien cultivada en <a href="/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra">Navarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioxa_(Espa%C3%B1a)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioxa (España)">La Rioxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicante" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicante">Alicante</a> y el norte de <a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Castellón">Castellón</a>.</li> <li><b>Monquelina</b>: Tipu práuticamente desapaecíu</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></b>. <ul><li><b>Espinosa</b>: Al dicir de los italianos ye la meyor de les alcachofes crudes. Debe'l so nome a les estremidaes espinoses de les sos bráctees. Al mazcala ye al empar carnosa y crujiente.</li> <li><b>Romanesco</b>: Gruesa, redonda y de color violeta. Inclúi decenes de subtipos locales an la zona del Llaciu y Campania. Producción en primavera.</li> <li><b>Francesino</b>: Similar al tipu francés "violeta de Provenza", d'onde paez que tome al nome. La más estendida nel sur, incluyendo la rexón de Apulia y Sicilia como los mayores productores</li> <li><b>Brindisino/Catanese</b>: Asemeyada a l'anterior pero más abierta y afecha a zones más templaes. Úsase enforma pal procesáu industrial.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Variedad_Gauchito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Variedad_Gauchito.jpg/200px-Variedad_Gauchito.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Variedad_Gauchito.jpg/300px-Variedad_Gauchito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Variedad_Gauchito.jpg/400px-Variedad_Gauchito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Variedá Gauchito.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina">Arxentina</a></b>. <ul><li><b>Cultivar Chilena</b>: Tendría un orixe francés, y créese que derivaría de cultivar franceses Verde de Provence, Verde Gruesa de Laon o Gruesa Camus de Bretaña.</li> <li><b>Arxentina</b> o <b>Blanco de San Juan</b>: Orixinaria de la "Blanca de Tudela" española.</li> <li><b>Española</b>:Tamién blanca, de cabeces más pequeñes y produz gran cantidá de biltos basales.</li> <li><b>Ñatu</b>: Orixinalmente cultivada nes petrines hortícolas de La Plata y Rosario.</li> <li><b>Francés</b>: Cultivar tipu Romanesco, más precoz que Ñatu.</li> <li><b>Oru Verde</b>, <b>Gurí</b> y <b>Gauchito</b>: nueves variedaes clonales desenvueltes nos diez últimos años.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/EE._XX." class="mw-redirect" title="EE. XX.">EE. XX.</a></b> <ul><li><b>Green globe</b></li> <li><b>Imperial Star</b></li> <li><b>Emerald</b></li></ul></li> <li><b>Variedaes multiplicaes por grana</b> <ul><li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunhems.es/www/nunhemsinternet.nsf/id/ES_ES_Artichoke">Opal</a></b>, híbridu F1</li> <li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunhems.es/www/nunhemsinternet.nsf/id/ES_ES_Artichoke">Alcuerdo</a></b>, híbridu F1</li> <li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunhems.es/www/nunhemsinternet.nsf/id/ES_ES_Artichoke">Tempo</a></b>, híbridu F1</li> <li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunhems.es/www/nunhemsinternet.nsf/id/ES_ES_Artichoke">Madrigal</a></b>, híbridu F1</li> <li><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nunhems.es/www/nunhemsinternet.nsf/id/ES_ES_Artichoke">Symphony</a></b>, híbridu F1</li> <li><b>Imperial Star</b>. Variedá población</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomía"><span id="Taxonom.C3.ADa"></span>Taxonomía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar seición: Taxonomía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Taxonomía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cynara scolymus</i> describióse por <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Linneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Linneo">Carlos Linneo</a> y espublizóse en <i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i> 2: 827–828. 1753.<sup id="cite_ref-Trop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Citolox%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Citoloxía">Citoloxía</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Númberu de <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma" title="Cromosoma">cromosomes</a> de <i>Cynara scolymus</i> (Fam. Compositae) y táxones infraespecíficos: 2n=34<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Etimolox%C3%ADa" title="Etimoloxía">Etimoloxía</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Cynara</b></i>:nome xenéricu que remanez del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_Griegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma Griegu">Griegu</a> <i>χινάρα</i>,-<i>ας</i> o <i>χυνάρα</i>, "alcachofa", deriváu de <i>χυων</i>-<i>χυνός</i>, cyon-cynos, "perru", poles <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1ctea" title="Bráctea">bráctees</a> involucrales que, pola so forma, asemeyar a los dientes de dichu animal. Pasó al <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatín">Llatín</a> como <i>cinara</i> y usábase tamién pa designar al cardu. </p><p><i><b>scolymus</b></i>: Del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_llat%C3%ADn" title="Idioma llatín">Llatín</a> <i>scǒlŷmos, i</i>, deriváu del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_Griegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma Griegu">Griegu</a> <i>σχόλυμος</i>, y remembráu por <a href="/wiki/Pliniu%27l_Vieyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliniu'l Vieyu">Pliniu'l Vieyu</a> nel so <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia">naturalis historia</a></i> como una especie de <a href="/wiki/Cardu" class="mw-disambig" title="Cardu">cardu</a> (<i>XXI, 94-96</i>), refiriéndose probablemente al <i><a href="/wiki/Scolymus_hispanicus" title="Scolymus hispanicus">Scolymus hispanicus</a></i> o <i>maculatus</i>.. </p><p>El nome d'<b>alcachofa</b> procede del árabe andalusí <i>alxaršúfa</i>, quiciabes pente medies del castellanu.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Sinonimia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Sinonimia (bioloxía)">Sinonimia</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Cynara cardunculus</i> subsp. <i>flavescens</i> Wiklund</li> <li><i>Cynara cardunculus</i> var. <i>ativa</i> Moris.</li> <li><i>Cynara cardunculus</i> subsp. <i>scolymus</i> (L.) Hegi</li> <li><i>Cynara cardunculus</i> subsp.<i> scolymus</i> (L.) Beger</li> <li><i>Cynara cardunculus</i> var. <i>scolymus</i> (L.) Fiori</li> <li><i>Cynara communis</i> Lam.</li> <li><i>Cynara esculenta</i> Salisb.</li> <li><i>Cynara hortensis</i> Mill.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_tamién"><span id="Ver_tami.C3.A9n"></span>Ver tamién</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar seición: Ver tamién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Ver tamién"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynar (la páxina nun esiste)">Cynar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helianthus_tuberosus" title="Helianthus tuberosus">Helianthus tuberosus</a></i>, especie con <a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A9rculu" title="Tubérculu">tubérculos</a> de sabor similar a l'alcachofa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminolox%C3%ADa_descriptiva_de_les_plantes" title="Terminoloxía descriptiva de les plantes">Terminoloxía descriptiva de les plantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronolox%C3%ADa_de_la_bot%C3%A1nica" title="Cronoloxía de la botánica">Cronoloxía de la botánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_la_bot%C3%A1nica" title="Historia de la botánica">Historia de la botánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae#Descripción" title="Asteraceae">Carauterístiques de les asteracees</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43, 53—58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euromed.luomus.fi/euromed_map.php?taxon=406831&size=medium">Distribución nativa en The Eurp+Medit PlantBase, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 2006+</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">World Health Organization. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol. 4. Geneva: WHO; 2009. 456 páxines. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9789241547055" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-92-4-154705-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004135810/http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567&lang=es#ancor">Estadístiques de: Organización de les Naciones Xuníes pa l'Alimentación y l'Agricultura: La División d'Estadística editorial=</a><a href="/wiki/ONX" class="mw-redirect" title="ONX">ONX</a> <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>». Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567&lang=es#ancor">orixinal</a>, el 2016-10-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Trop_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2723017"><i>Cynara scolymus</i></a>». <i>Tropicos.org. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a></i>. Consultáu'l 11 d'avientu de 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. Darlintong, C. D. & A. P. Wylie (1955)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Diccionariu Etimolóxicu de la Llingua Asturiana</i>, Xosé Lluis García Arias, Universidá d'Uviéu & Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788481685558" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-8168-555-8</a>/978-84-16664-92-4.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar seición: Bibliografía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Acquadro A., et al. (2005). Development and characterisation of microsatellite markers in <i>Cynara cardunculus</i>. L. Genome 48 (2): 217-225.</li> <li>Cointry, Y.L.; García, S.M.; López Añero, F.S.; Firpo, I.T.; Cravero, V.P. y Muñoz, S. 2005. Aumentando l'espectru varietal en alcaucil (<i>Cynara scolymus</i> L.): Gauchito FCA y Gurí FCA. Horticultura Arxentina 24(56/57): 5-7.</li> <li>Comín C., et al. (2007). Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in <i>Cynara cardunculus</i>. L. BMC Plant Biology 7: 14.</li> <li>David J. Keil: <i>Cynara</i>. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. New York and Oxford, 1993+. Bd. 19, S. 89. online, abgerufen am 4. Februar 2008</li> <li>Font Quer, P. Plantes melecinales - El Dioscórides anováu, Editorial Labor, Barcelona, 1980.</li> <li>Gabriella Sonnante, Domenico Pignone, Karl Hammer: The Domestication of Artichoke and Cardoon: From Roman Times to the Genomic Age. In: AOBPreview, 4. Juli 2007. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm127</li> <li>Mireille Jochum-Guillou, Marion Zerbst: Artischocke – die gesunde Delikatesse. Trias, Stuttgart 1998, <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/389373466X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89373-466-X</a></li> <li>Gallais A., Bannerot H. (1992) Amélioration des espèces végétales cultivées. Objectifs et critères de sélection. INRA Editions.</li> <li>Englisch W, Beckers C, et al. « Efficacy of Artichoke dry extract in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia». Arzneimittelforschung. 2000 Mar;50(3):260-5.</li> <li>Walker AF, Middleton RW, Petrowicz O. Artichoke leaf extract amenorgues symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a post-marketing surveillance study.Phytother Res. 2001 Feb;15(1):58-61. Résumé [archive]</li> <li>Gebhardt R. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells by artichoke extracts is reinforced by glucosidase pretreatment.Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):368-72. Résumé [archive])</li> <li>Gebhardt R. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) extracts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1122-8. Résumé [archive] et Texte complet [archive]</li> <li>Brown JE, Rice-Evans CA. Luteolin-rich artichoke extract protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro. Free Radic Res. 1998 Sep;29(3):247-55. (Résumé [archive])</li> <li>De Paolis A., et al. (2008). Characterization and differential expression analysis of artichoke phenylalanine ammonia-lyase coding sequences. Physiologia Plantarum 132: 33-43.</li> <li>Kraft K. « Artichoke leaf extract- recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal tracts». Phytomedicine 1997;4(4):369-78. Cité et décrit dans : Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J (Ed). Expanded « Commission Y» Monographs, American Botanical Council, publié avec Integrative Medicine Communications, États-Unis, 2000, p. 10 à 12.</li> <li>Fintelmann V, Petrowicz O. Long-term administration of an artichoke extract for dyspepsia symptoms. Results of an observational study. Natura Med 1998; 13: 17-26. Cité et décrit dans: Barnes Joan, Anderson A. Linda, Phillipson David J. « Herbal Medicines», Pharmaceutical Press, Grande-Bretagne, 2002, 2y édition, pp 61 à 66</li> <li>Holtmann, et al. « Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: a six-week placebo-controlled, double-blind», multicentre trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Dec;18(11-12):1099-105.</li> <li>Lanteri S., et al. (2004). Amplified fragment length polymorphism for genetic diversity assessment in globe artichoke. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108 (8): 1534-1544.</li> <li>Mabberley, D.J. 1987. <i>The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants</i>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0521340608" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-34060-8</a></li> <li>Marakis G, Walker AF, et al. Artichoke leaf extract amenorgues mild dyspepsia in an open study.Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):694-9.</li> <li>Pittler MH, Thompson CO, Ernst Y. Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003335. (Résumé, par pubMed [archive])</li> <li>Pignone D., Sonnante G. (2004). Wild artichokes of south Italy: did the story begin here?. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51: 577-580.</li> <li>Portis Y., et al. (2005). Genetic structure of island populations of wild cardoon [<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i> (Lamk) Fiori] detected by AFLPs and SSRs. Plant Science 169 (1): 199-210.</li> <li>Robbins, W.W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1970. <i>Weeds of California</i>. State of California, Dept. of Agriculture. 547 pp.</li> <li>Sonnante G., et al. (2007). On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54: 483–495.</li> <li>Sonnante G., et al. (2002). Genetic variation in wild and cultivated artichoke revealed by RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 49: 247-252.</li> <li>Sonnante G., Carluccio A.V., De Paolis A., Pignone D. (2008) Identification of artichoke SSR markers: molecular variation and patterns of diversity in genetically cohesive taxa and wild allies. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 55: 1029-1046</li> <li>Sonnante G., De Paolis A., Pignone D. (2004). Relationships among artichoke cultivars and some related wild taxa based on AFLP markers. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 1: 125-133.</li> <li>Sonnante G., Pignone D., Hammer K. (2007). The domestication of artichoke and cardoon: from Roman times to the genomic age. Annals of Botany 100: 1095-1100.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara_scolymus&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox wikispecies" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> tien un artículu sobre <b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cynara scolymus"> Cynara scolymus</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks commons navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=ast">Wikimedia Commons</a> acueye conteníu multimedia sobre <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cynara_scolymus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cynara scolymus">Cynara scolymus</a></b></i>.</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcachofa.info/">Sitio sobre l'alcachofa.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022113802/http://www.alcachofa.info/">Archiváu</a> 2015-10-22 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <style 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artichokes_as_food">Artichokes as food</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4143140-6">4143140-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020244">sh85020244</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/artichoke">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">UMLS:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0453108">C0453108</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores químicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/4F3W47PLBE">4F3W47PLBE</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" 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