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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-自然な気候変動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然な気候変動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>自然な気候変動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然な気候変動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人為的な気候変動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人為的な気候変動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>人為的な気候変動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人為的な気候変動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-気候変動の影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#気候変動の影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>気候変動の影響</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-気候変動の影響-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>気候変動の影響サブセクションを切り替えます</span> </button> <ul id="toc-気候変動の影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-気候変動対策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#気候変動対策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>気候変動対策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-気候変動対策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">気候学/気候変動</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語2件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="ヒンディー語: जलवायु परिवर्तन" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलवायु परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="韓国語: 기후 변화" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기후 변화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125928#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>本文</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF:%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="「本文ページについての議論」 (存在しないページ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>議論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit" title="このページを編集 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツールボックス" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツールボックス</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit" title="このページを編集 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=history"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 全般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" rel="nofollow" title="このページからリンクしているページの最近の更新 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>関連ページの更新状況</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="特別ページの一覧 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>特別ページ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&oldid=251418" title="このページのこの版への固定リンク"><span>この版への固定リンク</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=info" title="このページについての詳細情報"><span>ページ情報</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6%2F%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&id=251418&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="このページの引用方法"><span>このページを引用</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%2597%25E5%2580%2599%25E5%25AD%25A6%2F%25E6%25B0%2597%25E5%2580%2599%25E5%25A4%2589%25E5%258B%2595"><span>短縮URLを取得する</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%2597%25E5%2580%2599%25E5%25AD%25A6%2F%25E6%25B0%2597%25E5%2580%2599%25E5%25A4%2589%25E5%258B%2595"><span>QRコードをダウンロード</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 印刷/書き出し </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6%2F%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95"><span>ブックの新規作成</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6%2F%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF 形式でダウンロード</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&printable=yes" title="このページの印刷用ページ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>印刷用バージョン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 他のプロジェクト </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change" hreflang="en"><span>コモンズ</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" hreflang="ja"><span>ウィキペディア</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125928" title="関連付けられたデータリポジトリ項目へのリンク [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ウィキデータ項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー教科書『ウィキブックス（Wikibooks）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="気候学">気候学</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><table style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #71c837; border-color:light-dark(#71c837,#777);background-color:#c6e9af; background-color:light-dark(#c6e9af,#222); color:#2d5016; color:light-dark(#2d5016;#777)" class="navlinks noprint"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; width:33%; font-size:90%;" class="navprevious"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86" title="ケッペンの気候区分"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg/18px-Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg/27px-Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg/36px-Navigation_Left_Arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86" title="気候学/ケッペンの気候区分">ケッペンの気候区分</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width:34%;" class="navtitle"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="気候学">気候学</a><br /><b>気候変動</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; width:33%; font-size:90%;" class="navnext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99" title="気候学/未来の気候">未来の気候</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99" title="未来の気候"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg/18px-Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg/27px-Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg/36px-Navigation_Right_Arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="自然な気候変動"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E3.81.AA.E6.B0.97.E5.80.99.E5.A4.89.E5.8B.95"></span>自然な気候変動</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 自然な気候変動"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>気候は地球の歴史の中で常に変動してきました。その原因には、太陽活動の変化、火山活動による大気中のエアロゾル(aerosol)の増加、地球公転軌道の変化などがあります。 </p> <ul><li>太陽活動の変化 - 太陽黒点数の増減に伴い、地球への入射エネルギーが変化します。</li> <li>火山活動 - 大規模な火山噴火により成層圏にエーロゾルが供給されると、一時的に地球全体が冷却する可能性があります。</li> <li>地球公転軌道の変化 - ミランコビッチサイクルと呼ばれる地球の自転軸の傾きや公転軌道の楕円率の変化により、極域での日射量が変化し、氷河期と間氷期が生じます。</li></ul> <p>このような自然要因による気候変動は、数万年から数十万年のスケールで繰り返されてきました。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人為的な気候変動"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.82.BA.E7.9A.84.E3.81.AA.E6.B0.97.E5.80.99.E5.A4.89.E5.8B.95"></span>人為的な気候変動</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 人為的な気候変動"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>近年の急激な温暖化は、人間活動に起因する温室効果ガスの増加が主な原因とされています。 </p> <ul><li>化石燃料の燃焼による二酸化炭素(CO2)の増加</li> <li>農業や家畜飼育に伴うメタン(CH4)の増加</li> <li>一部の化学物質による亜酸化窒素(N2O)の増加</li></ul> <p>このような人為起源の温室効果ガスの増加により、地球温暖化が進行しています。IPCC第6次評価報告書によると、産業革命以降の世界の平均気温上昇は約1.1℃に達しています。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="気候変動の影響"><span id=".E6.B0.97.E5.80.99.E5.A4.89.E5.8B.95.E3.81.AE.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>気候変動の影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 気候変動の影響"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>気候変動には以下のような深刻な影響が危惧されています。 </p> <ul><li>極端な高温の頻度増加と熱波リスクの増大</li> <li><ruby><rb>旱魃</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>かんばつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の発生頻度と期間の増加</li> <li>一部地域での豪雨の頻度と強度の増加</li> <li>海面上昇と高潮リスクの増大</li> <li>生物多様性の損失</li> <li>農業生産への深刻な影響</li> <li>健康被害の増加</li></ul> <p>特に脆弱な発展途上国では、適応能力が低いため、深刻な影響が危惧されています。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="気候変動対策"><span id=".E6.B0.97.E5.80.99.E5.A4.89.E5.8B.95.E5.AF.BE.E7.AD.96"></span>気候変動対策</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 気候変動対策"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>気候変動への対策として、緩和策と適応策の2つのアプローチが求められます。 </p> <dl><dt>緩和策</dt></dl> <ul><li>再生可能エネルギーの導入拡大</li> <li>エネルギー効率の向上</li> <li>化石燃料からクリーンエネルギーへの転換</li> <li>植林による吸収源対策</li> <li>排出権取引などの経済的インセンティブ</li></ul> <dl><dt>適応策</dt></dl> <ul><li>高温に強い作物品種の開発</li> <li>防災インフラの整備</li> <li>水資源管理の強化</li> <li>脆弱な地域コミュニティへの支援</li> <li>早期警報システムの導入</li></ul> <p>気候変動問題への取り組みには、グローバルな連帯と各国の具体的な対策が不可欠とされています。 </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #71c837; border-color:light-dark(#71c837,#777);background-color:#c6e9af; background-color:light-dark(#c6e9af,#222); color:#2d5016; color:light-dark(#2d5016;#777)" class="navlinks noprint"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; width:33%; font-size:90%;" 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