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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Original settlement of Port Royal (1605–1613)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Original_settlement_of_Port_Royal_(1605–1613)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Original settlement of Port Royal (1605–1613) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Original_settlement_of_Port_Royal_(1605–1613)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1613)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1613)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Battle of Port Royal (1613)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1613)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_period_(1613–1629)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_period_(1613–1629)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Informal period (1613–1629)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_period_(1613–1629)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_colony_(1629–1632)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_colony_(1629–1632)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scottish colony (1629–1632)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scottish_colony_(1629–1632)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colony_(1632–1654)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colony_(1632–1654)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>French colony (1632–1654)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-French_colony_(1632–1654)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle French colony (1632–1654) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-French_colony_(1632–1654)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acadian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acadian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Acadian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acadian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1640)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1640)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Battle of Port Royal (1640)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1640)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1643)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1643)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Battle of Port Royal (1643)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1643)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_colony_(1654–1667)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_colony_(1654–1667)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>English colony (1654–1667)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-English_colony_(1654–1667)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle English colony (1654–1667) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-English_colony_(1654–1667)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1654)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1654)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Battle of Port Royal (1654)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1654)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colony_(1667–1713)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colony_(1667–1713)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>French colony (1667–1713)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-French_colony_(1667–1713)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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href="#Raid_on_Port_Royal_(1693)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Raid on Port Royal (1693)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raid_on_Port_Royal_(1693)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_Anne's_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_Anne's_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Queen Anne's War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_Anne's_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blockade_of_Port_Royal_(1704)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blockade_of_Port_Royal_(1704)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Blockade of Port Royal (1704)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blockade_of_Port_Royal_(1704)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(June_1707)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Port_Royal_(June_1707)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Siege of Port Royal (June 1707)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(June_1707)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(August_1707)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Port_Royal_(August_1707)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Siege of Port Royal (August 1707)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(August_1707)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>Siege of Port Royal (1710)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colony_(After_1713)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colony_(After_1713)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>British colony (After 1713)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colony_(After_1713)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Colonial context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Port-Royal (Acadia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&params=44_44_N_65_32_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°32′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.733°N 65.533°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.733; -65.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic settlement in modern-day Nova Scotia, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Port-Royal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg/250px-PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg/375px-PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg/500px-PortRoyalAcadia1702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fort at Port-Royal (1702)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Basin" title="Annapolis Basin">Annapolis Basin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&params=44_44_N_65_32_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°32′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.733°N 65.533°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.733; -65.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Port-Royal (Acadia) is located in Nova Scotia"><img alt="Port-Royal (Acadia) is located in Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg/235px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg/353px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg/470px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1096" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.175%;left:15.028%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Port-Royal (Acadia)"><img alt="Port-Royal (Acadia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Port-Royal in Nova Scotia</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Port Royal</b> (1605–1713) was a historic settlement based around the upper <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Basin" title="Annapolis Basin">Annapolis Basin</a> in Nova Scotia, Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the predecessor of the modern town of <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a>. </p><p>It was the first successful attempt by Europeans to establish a permanent settlement in what is today known as Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Royal was a key step in the development of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and was the first permanent base of operations of the explorer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a>, who would later found <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec</a> in 1608, and the farmer <a href="/wiki/Louis_H%C3%A9bert" title="Louis Hébert">Louis Hébert</a>, who would resettle at Quebec in 1617. </p><p>For most of its existence, it was the capital of the New France colony of <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>. Over 108 years control would pass between France, Scotland, England and Great Britain until it was formally ceded to Great Britain in 1713 due to the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>. </p><p>From 1605 to 1613 the settlement was centred around the <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_National_Historic_Site" title="Port-Royal National Historic Site">habitation</a> on the north side of the Annapolis Basin, while from 1629 onwards it was centred around <a href="/wiki/Fort_Anne" title="Fort Anne">Fort Anne</a> on the south side, at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_River" title="Annapolis River">Annapolis River</a> and Allains Creek. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Port Royal" principally refers to the Annapolis Basin and was named by cartographer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> in 1604, writing, "we entered a harbour which is two leagues in length and one in breadth, which I have named 'Port Royal'."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the censuses of Acadia from 1671 to 1707, all inhabitants living around the Annapolis Basin were listed under "Port Royal," with no sub-distinctions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first official document where "Port Royal" was called a "ville" (i.e. town) appears to be in article 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> in 1713, where it describes, "la ville de Port-Royal, maintenant appelée Annapolis Royale."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_settlement_of_Port_Royal_(1605–1613)"><span id="Original_settlement_of_Port_Royal_.281605.E2.80.931613.29"></span>Original settlement of Port Royal (1605–1613)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Original settlement of Port Royal (1605–1613)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French nobleman <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Du Gua de Mons</a> made a first attempt at settlement of Acadia during the disastrous winter of 1604–1605 in <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-Saint-Croix" class="mw-redirect" title="Île-Saint-Croix">Île-Saint-Croix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island,_Maine" title="Saint Croix Island, Maine">Saint Croix Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/St._Croix_River_(Maine%E2%80%93New_Brunswick)" title="St. Croix River (Maine–New Brunswick)">St. Croix River</a> on the boundary between present-day <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaugeois-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-harris_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Mons, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_H%C3%A9bert" title="Louis Hébert">Louis Hébert</a> (this is disputed in the French archives which indicate Hébert did not sail until 1606) and <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Biencourt_de_Poutrincourt_et_de_Saint-Just" title="Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just">Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just</a> decided to move the settlement to the north shore of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Basin" title="Annapolis Basin">Annapolis Basin</a>, a sheltered bay on the south shore of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a> that had been recorded by Champlain earlier in the spring of 1605 during a coastal reconnaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaugeois-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Champlain noted in his journals that the bay was of impressive size; he believed it would be an adequate anchorage for several hundred ships of the <a href="/wiki/French_Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="French Royal Navy">French Royal Fleet</a>, if ever necessary. As such, he named the basin "Port Royal", the Royal Port;<sup id="cite_ref-harris_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was, for many years, the name of both the body of water and of the subsequent French settlements in that region.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poutrincourt asked <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henri IV</a> to become the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Seigneurie" class="mw-redirect" title="Seigneurie">seigneurie</a> that encompassed the settlement. </p><p>Nestled against the <a href="/wiki/North_Mountain_(Nova_Scotia)" title="North Mountain (Nova Scotia)">North Mountain range</a>, they set about constructing a log stockade fortification. With assistance from members of the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a> Nation and a local chief named <a href="/wiki/Henri_Membertou" title="Henri Membertou">Membertou</a>, coupled with the more temperate climate of the fertile <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley" title="Annapolis Valley">Annapolis Valley</a>, the settlement, also known as "the habitation" prospered. </p><p>Mindful of the disastrous winter of 1604–05 at the Île-Saint-Croix settlement, Champlain established <i>l'Ordre de Bon Temps</i> (<i>the Order of Good Cheer</i>) as a social club ostensibly to promote better nutrition and to get settlers through the winter of 1606–07. Supper every few days became a feast with a festive air supplemented by performances and alcohol and was primarily attended by the prominent men of the colony and their Mi'kmaq neighbours while the Mi'kmaq women, children, and poorer settlers looked on and were offered scraps. <a href="/wiki/Marc_Lescarbot" title="Marc Lescarbot">Marc Lescarbot</a>'s <i>The Theatre of Neptune in New France</i>, the first work of theater written and performed in North America, was performed on November 14, 1606. </p><p>In 1607, Dugua had his fur trade monopoly revoked by the Government of France, forcing most of the settlers to return to France that fall, although some remained with the natives.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaugeois-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Habitation was left in the care of Membertou and the local Mi'kmaq until 1610 when Sieur de Poutrincourt, another French nobleman, returned with a small expedition to <i>Port-Royal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poutrincourt converted Membertou and local Mi'kmaq to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, hoping to gain financial assistance from the French government. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> became financial partners with Poutrincourt, although this caused division within the community. In May 1613, the Jesuits moved on to the <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_River" title="Penobscot River">Penobscot River</a> valley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1613)"><span id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_.281613.29"></span>Battle of Port Royal (1613)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Port Royal (1613)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1613 Acadia settlements were attacked by the English, led by the Admiral of Virginia <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Argall" title="Samuel Argall">Samuel Argall</a>. The invasion began with the Saint-Saveur mission (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Desert_Island" title="Mount Desert Island">Mount Desert Island</a>, Maine) and then St. Croix Island. In October 1613, Argall surprised the settlers at Port-Royal and sacked every building.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle destroyed the Habitation but it did not fully destroy the colony. Argall returned in November that same year and finally burned the Habitation to the ground while settlers were away nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-harris_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Informal_period_(1613–1629)"><span id="Informal_period_.281613.E2.80.931629.29"></span>Informal period (1613–1629)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Informal period (1613–1629)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poutrincourt returned from France in spring 1614 to find <i>Port-Royal</i> in ruins, settlers living with the Mi'kmaq, and Biencourt and his men remaining in the area of Port-Royal. A mill upstream at present day <a href="/wiki/Lequille,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lequille, Nova Scotia">Lequille, Nova Scotia</a> remained, along with settlers who went into hiding during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne_de_la_Tour" title="Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour">Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour</a> was one of the men who stayed behind. La Tour eventually left Port-Royal and settled by 1620, at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Negro,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Negro, Nova Scotia">Cape Negro</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cape_Sable,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Sable, Nova Scotia">Cape Sable</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although some settlers remained. </p><p>Poutrincourt assigned his holdings to his son and returned to France. The settlement of Port-Royal was re-established on the south bank of the river 8 km (5.0 mi) upstream.<sup id="cite_ref-harris_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poutrincourt's son bequeathed the settlement to Charles de la Tour upon his own death in 1623. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scottish_colony_(1629–1632)"><span id="Scottish_colony_.281629.E2.80.931632.29"></span>Scottish colony (1629–1632)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scottish colony (1629–1632)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Charles_Fort"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Alexander,_1st_Earl_of_Stirling_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/William_Alexander%2C_1st_Earl_of_Stirling_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg/220px-William_Alexander%2C_1st_Earl_of_Stirling_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/William_Alexander%2C_1st_Earl_of_Stirling_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_1st_Earl_of_Stirling" title="William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling">William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1621 <a href="/wiki/King_James_VI_and_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King James VI and I">King James VI and I</a> as King of Scotland granted to Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_1st_Earl_of_Stirling" title="William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling">William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling</a> a Royal Charter of all of Nova Scotia, which then included <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1627%E2%80%931629)" title="Anglo-French War (1627–1629)">Anglo-French War (1627–1629)</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>, by 1629 the <a href="/wiki/David_Kirke" title="David Kirke">Kirkes</a> took <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ochiltree" title="Lord Ochiltree">Lord Ochiltree</a> (Sir James Stewart of Killeith) started a colony on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baleine,_Nova_Scotia" title="Baleine, Nova Scotia">Baleine</a>. </p><p>On July 28, 1629, Sir William sent a ship, his son <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_(the_younger)" title="William Alexander (the younger)">William Alexander (the younger)</a>, and seventy Scottish settlers who established the first incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">"New Scotland"</a> which they named <b>Charles Fort</b>, at present-day Annapolis Royal on the site of the future <a href="/wiki/Fort_Anne" title="Fort Anne">Fort Anne</a> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004220926/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/charles/natcul/natcul3.aspx">Charles Fort - National Site</a>). During this time there were few French inhabitants in the colony. This set of British triumphs, leaving Cape Sable (present-day <a href="/wiki/Port_La_Tour,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port La Tour, Nova Scotia">Port La Tour, Nova Scotia</a>) as the only major French holding in North America, was not destined to last.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1632, under the terms of the Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye, the colonists were ordered to abandon the fort to the French, who soon renamed it Port-Royal, the same name as their previous colony. The official handover did not take place until late in 1632 and this gave Captain Andrew Forrester, commander of the then Scottish community the opportunity to cross the Bay of Fundy with twenty-five armed men and raid Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour's <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sainte-Marie-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Fort Sainte-Marie-de-Grâce">Fort Sainte-Marie-de-Grâce</a> on the <a href="/wiki/LaHave_River" title="LaHave River">LaHave River</a> which served as the Acadian capital before the re-establishment of Port-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_colony_(1632–1654)"><span id="French_colony_.281632.E2.80.931654.29"></span>French colony (1632–1654)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French colony (1632–1654)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1633, protecting the boundary of Acadia, Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, who at this time was the French commander of Acadia, made a descent upon <a href="/wiki/Machias,_Maine" title="Machias, Maine">Machias, Maine</a> from his seat at Port-Royal, killing two of its six defenders, and carrying the others away along with their supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1635, Governor of Acadia <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Menou_d%27Aulnay" title="Charles de Menou d'Aulnay">Charles de Menou d'Aulnay</a> de Charnisay moved a number of LaHave settlers to Port-Royal. Under D'Aulnay, the Acadians built the first dykes in North America and cultivated the reclaimed salt marshes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004ix_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004ix-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Acadia was plunged into what some historians have described as a civil war; the two main centres were Port-Royal, where d'Aulnay was stationed, and Fort Sainte-Marie, where de la Tour was stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1983_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1983-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acadian_Civil_War">Acadian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Acadian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1640)"><span id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_.281640.29"></span>Battle of Port Royal (1640)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle of Port Royal (1640)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles de la Tour attacked Port-Royal with two armed ships. D'Aulnay's captain was killed, while La Tour and his men were forced to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200419_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200419-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the attack, D'Aulay sailed out of Port-Royal to establish a blockade of La Tour's Fort Sainte-Marie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1643)"><span id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_.281643.29"></span>Battle of Port Royal (1643)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battle of Port Royal (1643)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg/220px-Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg/330px-Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg/440px-Madame_La_Tour_Defending_Fort_St.Jean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Siege of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">St. John</a> (1645) – d'Aulnay defeats La Tour in Acadia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1643, La Tour tried to capture Port-Royal again. La Tour arrived at Saint John from Boston with a fleet of five armed vessels and 270 men and broke the blockade. La Tour then chased d'Aulnay's vessels back across the Bay of Fundy to Port-Royal. D'Aulnay resisted the attack, and seven of his men were wounded and three killed. La Tour did not attack the fort, which was defended by twenty soldiers. La Tour burned the mill, killed the livestock and seized furs, gunpowder and other supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D'Aulnay ultimately won the war against La Tour with the 1645 siege of Fort Sainte-Marie. After the siege, La Tour went to live in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. After defeating La Tour, d'Aulnay administered posts at <a href="/wiki/LaHave,_Nova_Scotia" title="LaHave, Nova Scotia">LaHave, Nova Scotia</a>; Pentagouet (<a href="/wiki/Castine,_Maine" title="Castine, Maine">Castine, Maine</a>); <a href="/wiki/Canso,_Nova_Scotia" title="Canso, Nova Scotia">Canso, Nova Scotia</a>; Cap Sable (<a href="/wiki/Port_La_Tour,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port La Tour, Nova Scotia">Port La Tour, Nova Scotia</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_River_(Bay_of_Fundy)" title="Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)">Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miscou_Island" title="Miscou Island">Miscou Island</a>, with Port-Royal as the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200420_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200420-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After d'Aulnay died (1650), La Tour re-established himself in Acadia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_colony_(1654–1667)"><span id="English_colony_.281654.E2.80.931667.29"></span>English colony (1654–1667)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: English colony (1654–1667)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1654)"><span id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_.281654.29"></span>Battle of Port Royal (1654)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle of Port Royal (1654)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1654, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sedgwick_(colonist)" title="Robert Sedgwick (colonist)">Robert Sedgwick</a> led a force made up of one hundred New England volunteers and two hundred professional soldiers sent to New England by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, the first professional English soldiers sent to North America. Prior to the battle to capture Port-Royal, Sedgwick captured and plundered present day <a href="/wiki/Castine,_Maine" title="Castine, Maine">Castine, Maine</a> and Fort Sainte-Marie at New Brunswick. Sedgwick also took Charles de la Tour prisoner. </p><p>The defenders of Port-Royal numbered only about 130. After resisting the English landings and defending the fort during a short siege, the outnumbered Acadians surrendered after negotiating terms that allowed French inhabitants who wished to remain to keep their property and religion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200423_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200423-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldiers and officials were given transport to France while the majority of Port-Royal residents remained unharmed. However, in violation of the surrender terms, Sedgwick's men rampaged through the Port-Royal monastery, smashing windows, doors, paneling and even the floor boards before burning the monastery and the newly constructed Port Royal church. The English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years with a small garrison, leaving the Acadian residents mostly undisturbed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200424_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200424-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_colony_(1667–1713)"><span id="French_colony_.281667.E2.80.931713.29"></span>French colony (1667–1713)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: French colony (1667–1713)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1667, Port-Royal was returned to France with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda (1667)</a>. In a census taken in 1671 there were 361 Acadians in the Port-Royal area. During <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Chambly" title="Jacques de Chambly">Jacques de Chambly</a> was Governor of Acadia. Another census in the late 1680s shows 450 Acadians in the entire area of Port-Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200432_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200432-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_William's_War"><span id="King_William.27s_War"></span>King William's War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: King William's War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">North America</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Hudson Bay</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_expedition_(1686)" title="Hudson Bay expedition (1686)">Hudson Bay (1686)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Albany" title="Battle of Fort Albany">1st Fort Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Albany_(1693)" title="Battle of Fort Albany (1693)">2nd Fort Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_York_Factory" title="Capture of York Factory">York Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hudson%27s_Bay" title="Battle of Hudson's Bay">Hudson Bay (1697)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Quebec and New York</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1690)" title="Battle of Quebec (1690)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Prairie" title="Battle of La Prairie">La Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_raid" title="Mohawk Valley raid">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilton_(New_York)" title="Battle of Wilton (New York)">Wilton</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>New England, Acadia and Newfoundland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dover" title="Raid on Dover">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pemaquid_(1689)" title="Siege of Pemaquid (1689)">1st Pemaquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Salmon_Falls" title="Raid on Salmon Falls">Salmon Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1690)" title="Battle of Port Royal (1690)">Port Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falmouth_(1690)" title="Battle of Falmouth (1690)">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chedabucto" title="Battle of Chedabucto">Chedabucto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_St._John_(1691)" title="Naval battle off St. John (1691)">1st St. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_York_(1692)" title="Raid on York (1692)">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Wells_(1692)" title="Raid on Wells (1692)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placentia_(1692)" title="Battle of Placentia (1692)">Placentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Oyster_River" title="Raid on Oyster River">Oyster River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Groton" title="Raid on Groton">Groton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_St._John_(1696)" title="Naval battle off St. John (1696)">2nd St. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pemaquid_(1696)" title="Siege of Pemaquid (1696)">2nd Pemaquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chignecto_(1696)" title="Raid on Chignecto (1696)">Chignecto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Nashwaak" title="Siege of Fort Nashwaak">Fort Nashwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon_Peninsula_campaign" title="Avalon Peninsula campaign">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Haverhill_(1697)" title="Raid on Haverhill (1697)">Haverhill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1690)"><span id="Battle_of_Port_Royal_.281690.29"></span>Battle of Port Royal (1690)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Battle of Port Royal (1690)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1690)" title="Battle of Port Royal (1690)">Battle of Port Royal (1690)</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a>, Port-Royal served as a safe harbor for French cruisers and supply point for <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki Confederacy</a> to attack the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> colonies encroaching on the Acadian border in southern Maine. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1690)" title="Battle of Port Royal (1690)">Battle of Port Royal (1690)</a> began on May 9.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid82_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid82-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">William Phips</a> of New England arrived with 736 men in seven English ships. Acadian <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_des_Friches_de_Menneval" title="Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval">Governor de Meneval</a> fought for two days and then capitulated. The garrison was imprisoned in the church and Governor de Meneval was confined to his house. The New Englanders levelled what was begun of the new fort.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200438_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200438-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The residents of Port-Royal were imprisoned in the church and administered an oath of allegiance to the English King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200439_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200439-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phips left, but warships from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> arrived in June which resulted in more destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid82_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid82-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seamen burned and looted the settlement, including the parish church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200440_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200440-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raid_on_Port_Royal_(1693)"><span id="Raid_on_Port_Royal_.281693.29"></span>Raid on Port Royal (1693)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Raid on Port Royal (1693)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to assisting <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Maisonnat_dit_Baptiste" title="Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste">Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste</a>, English frigates attacked Port-Royal. The New Englanders burned almost a dozen houses and three barns full of grain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200443_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200443-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Royal was again made the Acadian capital in 1699.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200445_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200445-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen_Anne's_War"><span id="Queen_Anne.27s_War"></span>Queen Anne's War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Queen Anne's War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_of_theSpanish_SuccessionQueen_Anne&#039;s_War2344" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Queen Anne's War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Queen Anne's War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Queen Anne's War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_of_theSpanish_SuccessionQueen_Anne&#039;s_War2344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the<br />Spanish Succession</a><br /><span style="font-size:89%;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War"><span class="wrap">Queen Anne's War</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Quebec and Newfoundland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition_(1702)" title="Newfoundland expedition (1702)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_St._John%27s" title="Siege of St. John's">1st St. John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._John%27s" title="Battle of St. John's">2nd St. John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Albany_(1709)" title="Battle of Fort Albany (1709)">Fort Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_expedition_(1711)" title="Quebec expedition (1711)">Quebec</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Acadia and New England</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Coast_campaign_(1703)" title="Northeast Coast campaign (1703)">1st Northeast Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falmouth_(1703)" title="Battle of Falmouth (1703)">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Grand_Pr%C3%A9" title="Raid on Grand Pré">Grand Pré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1707)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1707)">1st Port Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Haverhill_(1708)" title="Raid on Haverhill (1708)">Haverhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">2nd Port Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Creek_(1711)" title="Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)">Bloody Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Coast_campaign_(1712)" title="Northeast Coast campaign (1712)">2nd Northeast Coast</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Carolina and Florida</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flint_River" title="Battle of Flint River">Flint River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_St._Augustine_(1702)" title="Siege of St. Augustine (1702)">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee_massacre" title="Apalachee massacre">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefebvre%27s_Charles_Town_expedition" title="Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition">Charles Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola_(1707)" title="Siege of Pensacola (1707)">Pensacola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> (1702–1713), there was a New England blockade of Port Royal and then three attempts to lay siege to the capital. The last siege ultimately resulted in the British conquest of Acadia and Nova Scotia. Despite the blockade, Port Royal was occasionally used as a home port by French <a href="/wiki/Privateers" class="mw-redirect" title="Privateers">privateers</a> and pirates such as <a href="/wiki/Captain_Crapo" title="Captain Crapo">Captain Crapo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Documents_Relating_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Documents_Relating-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blockade_of_Port_Royal_(1704)"><span id="Blockade_of_Port_Royal_.281704.29"></span>Blockade of Port Royal (1704)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Blockade of Port Royal (1704)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1704, in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Raid on Deerfield</a>, Major <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Church_(ranger)" title="Benjamin Church (ranger)">Benjamin Church</a> created a blockade of Port-Royal. Church was instructed not to attack the capital because the action was not authorized from London. Before daylight, on July 2, two English warships and seven smaller vessels entered the Port Royal basin. They captured the guard station opposite Goat Island as well as four Acadians. Landing at Pointe aux Chesnes on the north shore, they took a family prisoner. A woman from the family was sent to the fort to demand its surrender. The blockade lasted seventeen days; those in the fort awaited an attack. Church had moved on to conduct the real purpose of his expedition: the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Grand_Pr%C3%A9" title="Raid on Grand Pré">Raid on Grand Pré</a>, Raid on <a href="/wiki/Pisiguit" title="Pisiguit">Pisiguit</a>, and Raid on <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Chignecto" title="Isthmus of Chignecto">Chignecto</a>. He returned to Port Royal and then with a brief exchange of gunfire, returned to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200461–62_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200461–62-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_(June_1707)"><span id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_.28June_1707.29"></span>Siege of Port Royal (June 1707)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Siege of Port Royal (June 1707)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_d%27Auger_de_Subercase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Daniel_d%27Auger_de_Subercase.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="224" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniel_d%27Auger_de_Subercase" title="Daniel d'Auger de Subercase">Daniel d'Auger de Subercase</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1707)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1707)">Siege of Port Royal (1707)</a></div> <p>Two major British efforts to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1707)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1707)">besiege the town in 1707</a> met with failure. The first siege during the war happened on June 17 and lasted eleven days. Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_March_(colonel)" title="John March (colonel)">John March</a>, the most senior officer in all of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> was sent to defeat the capital. Acadian governor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_d%27Auger_de_Subercase" title="Daniel d'Auger de Subercase">Daniel d'Auger de Subercase</a> successfully defended the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005114–115_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005114–115-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_(August_1707)"><span id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_.28August_1707.29"></span>Siege of Port Royal (August 1707)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Siege of Port Royal (August 1707)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1707)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1707)">Siege of Port Royal (1707)</a></div> <p>Colonel Francis Wainwright led the second siege on August 20. It lasted eleven days. Subercase and his troops killed sixteen New Englanders and lost three soldiers. Again the British retreated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005115–116_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005115–116-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)"><span id="Siege_of_Port_Royal_.281710.29"></span>Siege of Port Royal (1710)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Siege of Port Royal (1710)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">Siege of Port Royal (1710)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png/220px-EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png/330px-EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Evacuation Of Port Royal 1710 by CW Jefferys</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 24, 1710, the British returned with 36 ships and 2000 men, and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">again laid siege</a> to the capital in what would be the final Conquest of Acadia. Subercase and the French held out until October 2 when the approximately 300 defenders of the fort surrendered, ending French rule in Acadia. The following year, after the Acadian and Indian success at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Creek_(1711)" title="Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)">Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)</a>, the Acadians and Indians unsuccessfully attempted to lay siege to the capital. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_colony_(After_1713)"><span id="British_colony_.28After_1713.29"></span>British colony (After 1713)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: British colony (After 1713)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a></div> <p>After the transfer of Port Royal to Great Britain due to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the British changed the name from Port Royal to <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonial_context">Colonial context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Colonial context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Acadia settlement of Port-Royal was the first permanent European settlement north of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a>. (Two years later, the English made their first permanent settlement in <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>.) Approximately seventy-five years after Port-Royal was founded, <a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a> spread out from the capital to found the other major Acadian settlements established before the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9,_Nova_Scotia" title="Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia">Grand-Pré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Chignecto" title="Isthmus of Chignecto">Chignecto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobequid" title="Cobequid">Cobequid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisiguit" title="Pisiguit">Pisiguit</a>. </p><p>In the 150 years prior to the founding of Halifax in 1749, Port-Royal/Annapolis Royal was the capital of Acadia and later Nova Scotia for most decades.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time the British made six attempts to conquer Acadia by attacking the capital at Port-Royal. They finally defeated the French in 1710 following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">Siege of Port-Royal</a>. Over the following fifty years, the French and their allies made six unsuccessful military attempts to regain the capital. Including a raid by Americans in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, Port-Royal (at present-day <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a>) faced a total of thirteen attacks, more than any other place in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004viii_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004viii-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Port-Royal was the site of a number of North American firsts: the first resident surgeon; first continuing church services; first social club (named the "Order of Good Cheer"); creation of the first library; first French theatrical performance (titled <i>Neptune</i>); first <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>; and first weekly Bible class.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of <i>Neptune</i>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Lescarbot" title="Marc Lescarbot">Marc Lescarbot</a>, wrote a popular history of his time in New France, entitled <i>Histoire de la Nouvelle-France</i> (1609).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The north shore of the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Basin" title="Annapolis Basin">Annapolis Basin</a> is today the site of the replica reconstruction of the original Habitation at Port-Royal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_National_Historic_Site" title="Port-Royal National Historic Site">Port-Royal National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Located on an island in the <a href="/wiki/St._Croix_River_(Maine%E2%80%93New_Brunswick)" title="St. Croix River (Maine–New Brunswick)">Saint Croix River</a> between present-day <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, the Saint Croix settlement failed because the surrounding river became impassable in the winter. It cut off the settlers from necessary supplies of fresh food, water, and fuel wood.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is a monument to Sir William Alexander in Victoria Park, Halifax – see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns1763.ca/hfxrm/alexwill.html">Sir Alexander Monument</a>. The name and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Flag of Nova Scotia">flag of Nova Scotia</a> were also established at this time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the 144 years prior to the founding of Halifax (1749), Port-Royal (1605–13) and <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia">Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia</a> (1613 onward) was the capital of Acadia for 112 of those years (78% of the time). The other locations that served as the Capital of Acadia are: present day <a href="/wiki/LaHave,_Nova_Scotia" title="LaHave, Nova Scotia">LaHave, Nova Scotia</a> (1632–36 ); present day <a href="/wiki/Castine,_Maine" title="Castine, Maine">Castine, Maine</a> (1670–74); present day <a href="/wiki/Sackville,_New_Brunswick" title="Sackville, New Brunswick">Sackville, New Brunswick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Nova_Scotia" title="Amherst, Nova Scotia">Amherst, Nova Scotia</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Beaubassin" title="Beaubassin">Beaubassin</a> (1678–84); present day <a href="/wiki/Jemseg,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemseg, New Brunswick">Jemseg, New Brunswick</a>(1690–91); present day <a href="/wiki/Fredericton,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredericton, New Brunswick">Fredericton, New Brunswick</a> (1691–98), and present day <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a> (1698–99).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Roger-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiendeau2007" class="citation book cs1">Riendeau, Roger E (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFWy0EfzlX0C&q=In%201600%2C%20a%20trading%20post%20was%20established%20at%20%5B%5BTadoussac%2C%20Quebec%7CTadoussac%5D%5D%2C%20but%20only%20five%20settlers%20survived%20the%20winter.&pg=PA36"><i>A brief history of Canada</i></a>. Facts on File, cop. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6335-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6335-2"><bdi>978-0-8160-6335-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+Canada&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+cop&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6335-2&rft.aulast=Riendeau&rft.aufirst=Roger+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFWy0EfzlX0C%26q%3DIn%25201600%252C%2520a%2520trading%2520post%2520was%2520established%2520at%2520%255B%255BTadoussac%252C%2520Quebec%257CTadoussac%255D%255D%252C%2520but%2520only%2520five%2520settlers%2520survived%2520the%2520winter.%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/port-royal">"Port-Royal National Historic Site"</a>. <i>www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&rft.atitle=Port-Royal+National+Historic+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fport-royal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalnek1897" class="citation book cs1">Calnek, Wiliam Arthur (1897). <i>History of the County of Annapolis, Including Old Port Royal and Acadia</i>. William Briggs. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+County+of+Annapolis%2C+Including+Old+Port+Royal+and+Acadia&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=William+Briggs&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Calnek&rft.aufirst=Wiliam+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acadian-home.org/census1708.html">"1708 Acadian Census 1708:Acadian Ancestral Home"</a>. <i>www.acadian-home.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.acadian-home.org&rft.atitle=1708+Acadian+Census+1708%3AAcadian+Ancestral+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acadian-home.org%2Fcensus1708.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/">"BAnQ numérique"</a>. <i>numerique.banq.qc.ca</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=numerique.banq.qc.ca&rft.atitle=BAnQ+num%C3%A9rique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnumerique.banq.qc.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaugeois-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vaugeois_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaugeoisRaymonde_LitalienKäthe_Roth2004" class="citation book cs1">Vaugeois, Denis; Raymonde Litalien; Käthe Roth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnE0tjj9MbgC&q=%22Hendrick+Lonck%22&pg=PA242"><i>Champlain: The Birth of French America</i></a>. Translated by Käthe Roth. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 146, 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2850-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2850-4"><bdi>0-7735-2850-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Champlain%3A+The+Birth+of+French+America&rft.pages=146%2C+242&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7735-2850-4&rft.aulast=Vaugeois&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.au=Raymonde+Litalien&rft.au=K%C3%A4the+Roth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZnE0tjj9MbgC%26q%3D%2522Hendrick%2BLonck%2522%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harris-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harris_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harris_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harris_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harris_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2017" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Carolyn (Aug 2017). "The Queen's land". <i>Canada's History</i>. <b>97</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">34–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1920-9894">1920-9894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canada%27s+History&rft.atitle=The+Queen%27s+land&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=2017-08&rft.issn=1920-9894&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_E._S._Griffiths" title="Naomi E. S. Griffiths">Griffiths, N.E.S.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2spDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56">"1600-1650. Fish, Fur and Folk"</a>. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.). <i>The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History</i>. University of Toronto Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1676-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1676-5"><bdi>978-1-4875-1676-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm.9">10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm.9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1600-1650.+Fish%2C+Fur+and+Folk&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Region+to+Confederation%3A+A+History&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3138%2Fj.ctt15jjfrm.9%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-1676-5&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=N.E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2spDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2004" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Brenda (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9c4hPwAACAAJ&pg=PP1"><i>A History of Port-Royal-Annapolis Royal, 1605-1800</i></a>. Nimbus. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55109-740-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55109-740-4"><bdi>978-1-55109-740-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Port-Royal-Annapolis+Royal%2C+1605-1800&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Nimbus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55109-740-4&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9c4hPwAACAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_E._S._Griffiths" title="Naomi E. S. Griffiths">Griffiths, N.E.S.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC&pg=PP1"><i>From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755</i></a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2699-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2699-0"><bdi>978-0-7735-2699-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Migrant+to+Acadian%3A+A+North+American+Border+People%2C+1604-1755&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2699-0&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=N.E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcG4wSmIlziYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour. Methuen Press. 1983.p.14).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, A. (1923). Nova Scotia: The Royal Charter of 1621. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, 14, 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSartyKnight2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sarty" title="Roger Sarty">Sarty, Roger</a>; Knight, Doug (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lul5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Saint John Fortifications, 1630-1956</i></a>. Goose Lane Editions. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86492-373-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86492-373-8"><bdi>978-0-86492-373-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+John+Fortifications%2C+1630-1956&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Goose+Lane+Editions&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-86492-373-8&rft.aulast=Sarty&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Knight%2C+Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLul5AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1983" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Marjorie Anne (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RA8lAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Fortune & La Tour: The Civil War in Acadia</i></a>. Methuen. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-458-95800-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-458-95800-9"><bdi>978-0-458-95800-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortune+%26+La+Tour%3A+The+Civil+War+in+Acadia&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-458-95800-9&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRA8lAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004ix-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004ix_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1983-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1983_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacDonald1983">MacDonald 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200419-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200419_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaragher2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Mack_Faragher" title="John Mack Faragher">Faragher, John Mack</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnoblescheme00fara"><i>A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnoblescheme00fara/page/54">54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05135-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05135-3"><bdi>978-0-393-05135-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Great+and+Noble+Scheme%3A+The+Tragic+Story+of+the+Expulsion+of+the+French+Acadians+from+Their+American+Homeland&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05135-3&rft.aulast=Faragher&rft.aufirst=John+Mack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatnoblescheme00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200420-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200420_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200423-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200423_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200424-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200424_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200432-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200432_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reid82-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reid82_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reid82_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Reid" title="John G. Reid">Reid, John G.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2spDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82">"1686–1720: Imperial Intrusions"</a>. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.). <i>The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History</i>. University of Toronto Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1676-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1676-5"><bdi>978-1-4875-1676-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15jjfrm">j.ctt15jjfrm</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1686%E2%80%931720%3A+Imperial+Intrusions&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Region+to+Confederation%3A+A+History&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt15jjfrm%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-1676-5&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2spDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200438-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200438_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200439-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200439_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200440-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200440_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200443-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200443_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200445-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200445_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Documents_Relating-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Documents_Relating_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1894" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, William (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-QwAQAAMAAJ"><i>Documents Relating to the Colonial, Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary History of the State of New Jersey</i></a>. Paterson NJ: The Press Printing and Publishing Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+Relating+to+the+Colonial%2C+Revolutionary+and+Post-Revolutionary+History+of+the+State+of+New+Jersey&rft.place=Paterson+NJ&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=The+Press+Printing+and+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-QwAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort-Royal+%28Acadia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200461–62-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200461–62_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005114–115-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005114–115_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaragher2005">Faragher (2005)</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005115–116-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaragher2005115–116_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaragher2005">Faragher (2005)</a>, pp. 115–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2004viii-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2004viii_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2004">Dunn (2004)</a>, p. viii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Bruce, <i>An Illustrated History of Nova Scotia</i>, Nimbus Publishing. 1997.pp.38-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//archive.org/details/histoiredelanou01trosgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:histoiredelanou01trosgoog"> An 1866 English translation is accessible at Internet Archive</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France265" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and<br /> villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acadia185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acadia" title="Template:Acadia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acadia" title="Template talk:Acadia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acadia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acadia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Acadia185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia (New France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9_National_Historic_Site" title="Grand-Pré National Historic Site">Grand-Pré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">General history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Monckton" title="Robert Monckton">Robert Monckton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_2003" title="Royal Proclamation of 2003">Royal Proclamation of 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_(region)" title="Acadia (region)">Acadia (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiac" title="Chiac">Chiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brayon" title="Brayon">Brayon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_World_Congress" title="Acadian World Congress">Acadian World Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Acadians" title="List of Acadians">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Acadia" title="Flag of Acadia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Acadian_Day" title="National Acadian Day">National Acadian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintamarre" title="Tintamarre">Tintamarre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_communautaire_du_Nouveau-Brunswick" title="Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick">Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_l%27%C3%8Ele" title="Collège de l'Île">Collège de l'Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_College_of_Forest_Technology" title="Maritime College of Forest Technology">Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Acadie_Nouvelle" title="L'Acadie Nouvelle">L'Acadie Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI_Financial_Cooperation" title="UNI Financial Cooperation">UNI Financial Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Moncton" title="Université de Moncton">Université de Moncton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sainte-Anne" title="Université Sainte-Anne">Université Sainte-Anne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Peninsula" title="Acadian Peninsula">Acadian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_diaspora" title="French diaspora">French diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Acadia" title="Category:Acadia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&oldid=1273381055">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal_(Acadia)&oldid=1273381055</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Acadian_history" 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