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} .loading { visibility: hidden; } .detail-page .post-footer .cmt_iframe_holder { padding-top: 40px !important; } /** Desktop **/ @media (max-width: 900px) { .col-right { display: none; } .col-main { margin-right: 0; min-width: initial; } .footer-outer { display: none; } .cols-wrapper { min-width: initial; } .google-footer-outer { background-color: #f5f5f5; } } /** Tablet **/ @media (max-width: 712px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper, .footer-outer, .google-footer-outer { padding: 0 40px; } } /* An extra breakpoint accommodating for long blog titles. */ @media (max-width: 600px) { .header-left { height: 100%; position: initial; top: inherit; margin-top: 0; -webkit-transform: initial; transform: initial; } .header-title { margin-top: 18px; } .header-inner { height: auto; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 32px; } .header-desc { margin-top: 12px; } .header-inner .google-logo { height: 70px; margin-top: 3px; } .header-inner .google-logo img { height: 70px; } .header-title h2 { font-size: 32px; 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//]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://blog.chromium.org/'> <img alt="Chromium Blog" height="50" src="//1.bp.blogspot.com/-vkF7AFJOwBk/VkQxeAGi1mI/AAAAAAAARYo/57denvsQ8zA/s1600-r/logo_chromium.png"> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Chromium Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> News and developments from the open source browser project </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='8347164323420115519' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/chrome-80-content-indexing-es-modules.html' itemprop='url' title='Chrome 80, Content Indexing, ES Modules and More'> Chrome 80, Content Indexing, ES Modules and More </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, December 19, 2019 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> Unless otherwise noted, changes described below apply to the newest Chrome beta channel release for Android, Chrome OS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Learn more about the features listed here through the provided links or from the list on <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#milestone%3D80">ChromeStatus.com</a>. Chrome 80 is beta as of December 19, 2019.<br /> <h1> Content Indexing</h1> <span style="border: none; clear: right; display: inline-block; float: right; height: 533px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 288px;"><img height="533" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/tkanWDKiU0jTm_ovD1MMjiV9cMX_XPexDY5_kyiZwScsnlPblj-wZUfWOax8aBAuzY3xl7h8tS4x92npA8UDJiKXH7jJfXTnehfU-g08RPbDZS8I-T62Dqzkrc5-3vN-UzCsXgAg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="288" /></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-2741a716-7fff-fb23-1f2f-47a90970d59a"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><br /> A progressive web app can store content such as images, videos, articles, and more for offline access using the <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/instant-and-offline/web-storage/cache-api">Cache Storage API</a> or <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/IndexedDB_API">IndexedDB</a>. But how do users discover this content? How do they know that they can consume or use it, even when a network is unavailable?<br /> <br /> The Content Indexing API provides metadata about content that your web app has already cached. More specifically, it stores URLs for HTML documents that display stored media. The new API lets you add, list, and remove resources. Browsers can use the information in the index to display a list of offline-capable content. Here's what it looks like in Chrome 80.<br /> <br /> The Content Indexing API is in an origin trial from Chrome 80 to Chrome 82. For details about the API, see <a href="https://web.dev/content-indexing-api/" target="_blank">Experimenting with the Content Indexing API</a>. See the Origin Trials section for information on signing up and for a list of other origin trials starting in this release.<br /> <h1> ECMAScript Modules in Web Workers</h1> Web Workers have been available in most browsers for more than ten years. Consequently, the method for importing modules into a worker,<code> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WorkerGlobalScope/importScripts&sa=D&ust=1576251078183000&usg=AFQjCNFJaX3N0eHEO6KxKM3-aAHBSqpnXQ">importScripts()</a></code>, has not been state of the art for some time. It blocks execution of the worker while it fetches and evaluates the imported script. It also executes scripts in the global scope, which can lead to name collisions and its associated problems.<br /> <br /> Enter Module Workers. The Worker constructor now supports a <code>type</code> option with the value <code>"module"</code>, which changes script loading and execution to match <code><script type="module"></code>. <br /> <br /> <br /> <pre>const worker = new Worker('worker.js', { type: 'module' });</pre> <br /> Module Workers support standard JavaScript imports and dynamic import for lazy-loading without blocking worker execution. For background and details see <a href="https://web.dev/module-workers/" target="_blank">ES Modules in Web Workers</a>.<br /> <h1> Origin Trials</h1> This version of Chrome introduces the origin trials described below. Origin trials allow you to try new features and give feedback on usability, practicality, and effectiveness to the web standards community. To register for any of the origin trials currently supported in Chrome, including the ones described below, visit the <a href="https://developers.chrome.com/origintrials/#/trials/active">Origin Trials dashboard</a>. To learn more about origin trials themselves, visit the <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/OriginTrials/blob/gh-pages/developer-guide.md">Origin Trials Guide for Web Developers</a>.<br /> <h2> New Properties for the Contact Picker</h2> This version of Chrome is shipping the <a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/">Contact Picker API</a>, ending an origin trial that started in Chrome 77. (More on that below.) At the same time it's starting a new origin trial that adds features to that API. Before requesting that a user select contacts, an app must specify which data it wants back. Currently, only the contact's name, email address, and telephone number are available. The new origin trial adds to this the user's mailing address (<code>'address'</code>) and image (<code>'icon'</code>).<br /> <h1> Other features in this release</h1> <h2> Autoupgrade Mixed Content</h2> Chrome is now <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5557268741357568">auto-upgrading HTTP content in HTTPS sites</a> by rewriting URLs to HTTPS without falling back to HTTP when secure content is not available. In this version of Chrome only audio and video content are so treated.<br /> <h2> Compression Streams</h2> JavaScript can now <a href="https://chromestatus.com/feature/5855937971617792">perform gzip and deflate compression</a> using streams. This covers two interfaces: <code>CompressionStream</code> and <code>DecompressionStream</code>.<br /> <br /> It is possible to compress stream data without this feature, but common libraries like zlib are complex to use. Compression streams make it easy for developers to compress data, and avoid the need to bundle a compressor with an application.<br /> <h2> Contact Picker API</h2> The Contact Picker API is a new, on-demand picker for Android Chrome that allows users to select entries from their contact list and share limited details of the selected entries with a website. It allows users to share only what they want, when they want, and makes it easier for users to reach and connect with their friends and family. See <a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/">A Contact Picker for the Web</a> for details. Additionally, a new origin trial adds members to the properties that may be returned by <code>ContactsManager.getProperties()</code>. See the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2471378914199150966#Content-Indexing">Origin Trials</a> section, above, for details.<br /> <br /> <h2> Cookie updates</h2> The SameSite attribute was introduced in Chrome 51 and Firefox 60 to allow sites to declare whether cookies should be restricted to a same-site (sometimes called first-party) context, mitigating the risk of cross-site request forgeries (CSRF).<br /> <br /> In Chrome 80, the backward compatible behaviors described below are removed. For more on these features, read <a href="https://web.dev/samesite-cookies-explained" target="_blank">SameSite cookies explained</a>.<br /> <h4> Disallow defaulting of SameSite attribute to 'None'</h4> The SameSite attribute now defaults to Lax meaning your cookies are only available to other sites from top-level navigations. As originally implemented in Chrome, the SameSite attribute defaults to None, which was essentially the Web's status quo. Cookies have valid cross-site use cases, but if a site owner did not previously want to allow cross-site cookie use there was no way to declare such an intent or enforce it.<br /> <h4> Value 'None' no longer allowed on insecure contexts</h4> Chrome now requires that when the SameSite attribute is set to None, that the Secure attribute must also be present. The Secure attribute requires that the attached cookie can only be transmitted over a secure protocol such as HTTPS.<br /> <h2> CSS Improvements</h2> <h4> line-break: anywhere</h4> The <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5668660729348096">line-break: anywhere</a></code> declaration allows soft wrapping around every typographic character unit, including around any punctuation character or preserved spaces, or in the middles of words. It disregards any prohibition against line breaks, even those introduced by characters with the GL, WJ, or ZWJ character class (see <a href="https://unicode.org/reports/tr14/">UAX 14</a>) or mandated by the word-break property.<br /> <h4> overflow-wrap: anywhere</h4> The <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5126089347170304">overflow-wrap: anywhere</a></code> declaration allows an otherwise unbreakable sequence of characters to be broken at an arbitrary point if there are no otherwise-acceptable break points in a line. Additionally, soft wrap opportunities introduced by <code>anywhere</code> are considered when calculating min-content intrinsic sizes.<br /> <h2> Decoding Encrypted Media</h2> The capabilities of <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaCapabilities/decodingInfo">MediaCapabilities.decodingInfo()</a> </code>are now available for encrypted media. The <code>decodingInfo()</code> method (available in <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaCapabilities/decodingInfo#Browser_compatibility">multiple browsers</a>) allows websites to get more information about the decoding abilities of the client. This enables more informed selection of media streams for the user, enabling scenarios such as smoothly and power-efficiently decoding a video for the available bandwidth and screen size.<br /> <h2> Delegating Shipping Address and Contact Information in Web Payments</h2> The Payment Handler API now <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5660404216758272">lets the browser delegate handling</a> of the shipping address and payer's contact information to Payment Handlers. Delegating collection of the shipping address and contact information to payment handlers can lead to better user experiences because the payment app may have more accurate information than the browser. It can also reduce the checkout steps by one since the browser can show the payment handler window directly rather than showing the payment sheet UI first to collect shipping address and/or payer's contact information. To keep updated on other technical updates around Payment Request API / Payment Handler API on Chrome, <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/paymentrequest">subscribe to paymentrequest@chromium.org</a>.<br /> <h2> Fetch Metadata Destination header</h2> Chrome now supports the <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5155867204780032">Sec-Fetch-Dest</a></code> HTTP request header which exposes a request's destination to a server, providing it with information on which to base security decisions. The spec provides <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-dest-header">a list of its possible values</a>.<br /> <h2> HTMLVideoElement.getVideoPlaybackQuality()</h2> This method retrieves <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5687791428042752">information about video playback performance</a>. Such information may be used to alter bitrate, framerate, or resolution, either upward or downward, to provide a better user experience.<br /> <h2> JavaScript optional chaining</h2> Provides <a href="https://v8.dev/features/optional-chaining" target="_blank">safe access to descendent object members</a> with parents that may or may not be null. This applies to objects as well as functions. For example, consider an object reference with three levels such as a.b.c. Testing for the existence of c would previously require nesting said test inside a test for b. This change allows you to test for c directly without an error being thrown when b is null.<br /> <h2> Nullish coalescing</h2> Adds <a href="https://v8.dev/features/nullish-coalescing" target="_blank">support for the 'nullish' operator</a> to JS.<br /> <h2> Offscreen Canvases Now Support getTransform()</h2> The <code>OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D</code> <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5092323908124672">now supports <code>getTransform()</code></a>. Like its <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D/getTransform">CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> counterpart, this method lets you retrieve the transformation matrix that is currently applied to the context.<br /> <h2> Support for SVG in favicons</h2> Chrome now supports <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5180316371124224">using SVG images as favicons</a>. Scalable formats for favicons reduce the resources for a website or app. For example, a website could have one (or more) hand-tuned icons for small sizes and use a scalable icon as a catch-all.<br /> <h2> Text URL Fragments</h2> Users or authors <a href="https://github.com/WICG/ScrollToTextFragment" target="_blank">can now link to a specific portion</a> of a page using a text fragment provided in a URL. When the page is loaded, the browser highlights the text and scrolls the fragment into view. For example, the URL below loads a wiki page for 'Cat' and scrolls to the content listed in the <code>text</code> parameter.<br /> <br /> <br /> <pre>https://en.example.org/wiki/Cat#:~:text=On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's diet </pre> <br /> <h1> Deprecations, and Removals</h1> This version of Chrome introduces the deprecations and removals listed below. Visit ChromeStatus.com for lists of <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status%3A%22Deprecated%22">current deprecations</a> and <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status:%22Removed%22">previous removals</a>. The descriptions here are just a summary of what's being deprecated and removed. You can find longer descriptions of all these items and replacements and remediations in Deprecations and removals in Chrome 80.<br /> <h2> Disallow Popups During Page Unload</h2> Pages may no longer use the <code>window.open()</code> method to <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5989473649164288">open a new page during unload</a>. The popup blocker already prohibits this, but now it is prohibited whether or not the popup blocker is enabled. For now, enterprises can use the <code>AllowPopupsDuringPageUnload</code> policy flag to allow popups during unload. Chrome expects to remove this flag in version 82.<br /> <h2> Disallow Synchronous XMLHttpRequest() in Page Dismissal</h2> Chrome now disallows synchronous calls to <code>XMLHttpRequest()</code> during page dismissal when the page is being navigated away from or is closed by the user. This applies to <code>beforeunload</code>, <code>unload</code>, <code>pagehide</code>, and <code>visibilitychange</code>.<br /> <br /> To ensure that data is sent to the server when a page unloads, Chrome recommends <code>sendBeacon()</code> or <code>Fetch</code> <code>keep-alive</code>. For now, enterprise users can use the <code>AllowSyncXHRInPageDismissal</code> policy flag and developers can use the origin trial flag <code>allow-sync-xhr-in-page-dismissal</code> to allow synchronous XMLHttpRequest() requests during page unload. This is a temporary opt-out measure. Chrome expects to remove this flag in version 82. <br /> <br /> For details about this and the alternatives, see <a href="https://web.dev/disallow-synchronous-xhr" target="_blank">Improving page dismissal in synchronous XMLHttpRequest()</a>.<br /> <h2> FTP Support Deprecated</h2> Chrome has been removing capabilities from its FTP support since version 72. The reason for this is that usage of FTP in the browser is sufficiently low that it is no longer viable to invest in improving the existing FTP client. In addition, more capable FTP clients are available on all affected platforms. In Chrome 80, the client's capabilities are restricted to either displaying a directory listing or downloading a resource over unencrypted connections. For more information, see Deprecations and removals in Chrome 80.<br /> <h2> Non-origin-clean ImageBitmap serialization and transferring removed</h2> Starting in Chrome 80, errors are raised when a script tries to serialize or transfer a non-origin-clean <code>ImageBitmap</code> object. A non-origin-clean <code>ImageBitmap</code> is one that contains data from cross-origin images that are not verified by CORS logic.<br /> <h2> Protocol handling now requires a secure context</h2> The methods <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>unregisterProtocolHandler()</code> now require a secure context. These methods are capable of reconfiguring client states such that they would allow transmission of potentially sensitive data over a network. <br /> <h2> Remove -webkit-appearance:button for arbitrary elements</h2> Changes <code>-webkit-appearance:button</code> to work only with <code><button></code> and <code><input> </code>buttons. If <code>button</code> is specified for an unsupported element, the element has the default appearance. All other <code>-webkit-appearance</code> keywords already have this restriction. <br /> <h2> Web Components v0 removed</h2> Web Components v0 are now removed from Chrome. The Web Components v1 APIs are a web platform standard that has shipped in Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and (soon) Edge. For guidance on upgrading, read <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/07/web-components-time-to-upgrade?hl=en">Web Components update: more time to upgrade to v1 APIs</a>. This deprecation covers the items listed below. <br /> <ul> <li>Custom Elements v0</li> <li>HTML Imports v0</li> <li>Shadow DOM v0</li> </ul> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> Unless otherwise noted, changes described below apply to the newest Chrome beta channel release for Android, Chrome OS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Learn more about the features listed here through the provided links or from the list on <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#milestone%3D80">ChromeStatus.com</a>. Chrome 80 is beta as of December 19, 2019.<br /> <h1> Content Indexing</h1> <span style="border: none; clear: right; display: inline-block; float: right; height: 533px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 288px;"><img height="533" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/tkanWDKiU0jTm_ovD1MMjiV9cMX_XPexDY5_kyiZwScsnlPblj-wZUfWOax8aBAuzY3xl7h8tS4x92npA8UDJiKXH7jJfXTnehfU-g08RPbDZS8I-T62Dqzkrc5-3vN-UzCsXgAg" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="288" /></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-2741a716-7fff-fb23-1f2f-47a90970d59a"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><br /> A progressive web app can store content such as images, videos, articles, and more for offline access using the <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/instant-and-offline/web-storage/cache-api">Cache Storage API</a> or <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/IndexedDB_API">IndexedDB</a>. But how do users discover this content? How do they know that they can consume or use it, even when a network is unavailable?<br /> <br /> The Content Indexing API provides metadata about content that your web app has already cached. More specifically, it stores URLs for HTML documents that display stored media. The new API lets you add, list, and remove resources. Browsers can use the information in the index to display a list of offline-capable content. Here's what it looks like in Chrome 80.<br /> <br /> The Content Indexing API is in an origin trial from Chrome 80 to Chrome 82. For details about the API, see <a href="https://web.dev/content-indexing-api/" target="_blank">Experimenting with the Content Indexing API</a>. See the Origin Trials section for information on signing up and for a list of other origin trials starting in this release.<br /> <h1> ECMAScript Modules in Web Workers</h1> Web Workers have been available in most browsers for more than ten years. Consequently, the method for importing modules into a worker,<code> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WorkerGlobalScope/importScripts&sa=D&ust=1576251078183000&usg=AFQjCNFJaX3N0eHEO6KxKM3-aAHBSqpnXQ">importScripts()</a></code>, has not been state of the art for some time. It blocks execution of the worker while it fetches and evaluates the imported script. It also executes scripts in the global scope, which can lead to name collisions and its associated problems.<br /> <br /> Enter Module Workers. The Worker constructor now supports a <code>type</code> option with the value <code>"module"</code>, which changes script loading and execution to match <code><script type="module"></code>. <br /> <br /> <br /> <pre>const worker = new Worker('worker.js', { type: 'module' });</pre> <br /> Module Workers support standard JavaScript imports and dynamic import for lazy-loading without blocking worker execution. For background and details see <a href="https://web.dev/module-workers/" target="_blank">ES Modules in Web Workers</a>.<br /> <h1> Origin Trials</h1> This version of Chrome introduces the origin trials described below. Origin trials allow you to try new features and give feedback on usability, practicality, and effectiveness to the web standards community. To register for any of the origin trials currently supported in Chrome, including the ones described below, visit the <a href="https://developers.chrome.com/origintrials/#/trials/active">Origin Trials dashboard</a>. To learn more about origin trials themselves, visit the <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/OriginTrials/blob/gh-pages/developer-guide.md">Origin Trials Guide for Web Developers</a>.<br /> <h2> New Properties for the Contact Picker</h2> This version of Chrome is shipping the <a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/">Contact Picker API</a>, ending an origin trial that started in Chrome 77. (More on that below.) At the same time it's starting a new origin trial that adds features to that API. Before requesting that a user select contacts, an app must specify which data it wants back. Currently, only the contact's name, email address, and telephone number are available. The new origin trial adds to this the user's mailing address (<code>'address'</code>) and image (<code>'icon'</code>).<br /> <h1> Other features in this release</h1> <h2> Autoupgrade Mixed Content</h2> Chrome is now <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5557268741357568">auto-upgrading HTTP content in HTTPS sites</a> by rewriting URLs to HTTPS without falling back to HTTP when secure content is not available. In this version of Chrome only audio and video content are so treated.<br /> <h2> Compression Streams</h2> JavaScript can now <a href="https://chromestatus.com/feature/5855937971617792">perform gzip and deflate compression</a> using streams. This covers two interfaces: <code>CompressionStream</code> and <code>DecompressionStream</code>.<br /> <br /> It is possible to compress stream data without this feature, but common libraries like zlib are complex to use. Compression streams make it easy for developers to compress data, and avoid the need to bundle a compressor with an application.<br /> <h2> Contact Picker API</h2> The Contact Picker API is a new, on-demand picker for Android Chrome that allows users to select entries from their contact list and share limited details of the selected entries with a website. It allows users to share only what they want, when they want, and makes it easier for users to reach and connect with their friends and family. See <a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/">A Contact Picker for the Web</a> for details. Additionally, a new origin trial adds members to the properties that may be returned by <code>ContactsManager.getProperties()</code>. See the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2471378914199150966#Content-Indexing">Origin Trials</a> section, above, for details.<br /> <br /> <h2> Cookie updates</h2> The SameSite attribute was introduced in Chrome 51 and Firefox 60 to allow sites to declare whether cookies should be restricted to a same-site (sometimes called first-party) context, mitigating the risk of cross-site request forgeries (CSRF).<br /> <br /> In Chrome 80, the backward compatible behaviors described below are removed. For more on these features, read <a href="https://web.dev/samesite-cookies-explained" target="_blank">SameSite cookies explained</a>.<br /> <h4> Disallow defaulting of SameSite attribute to 'None'</h4> The SameSite attribute now defaults to Lax meaning your cookies are only available to other sites from top-level navigations. As originally implemented in Chrome, the SameSite attribute defaults to None, which was essentially the Web's status quo. Cookies have valid cross-site use cases, but if a site owner did not previously want to allow cross-site cookie use there was no way to declare such an intent or enforce it.<br /> <h4> Value 'None' no longer allowed on insecure contexts</h4> Chrome now requires that when the SameSite attribute is set to None, that the Secure attribute must also be present. The Secure attribute requires that the attached cookie can only be transmitted over a secure protocol such as HTTPS.<br /> <h2> CSS Improvements</h2> <h4> line-break: anywhere</h4> The <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5668660729348096">line-break: anywhere</a></code> declaration allows soft wrapping around every typographic character unit, including around any punctuation character or preserved spaces, or in the middles of words. It disregards any prohibition against line breaks, even those introduced by characters with the GL, WJ, or ZWJ character class (see <a href="https://unicode.org/reports/tr14/">UAX 14</a>) or mandated by the word-break property.<br /> <h4> overflow-wrap: anywhere</h4> The <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5126089347170304">overflow-wrap: anywhere</a></code> declaration allows an otherwise unbreakable sequence of characters to be broken at an arbitrary point if there are no otherwise-acceptable break points in a line. Additionally, soft wrap opportunities introduced by <code>anywhere</code> are considered when calculating min-content intrinsic sizes.<br /> <h2> Decoding Encrypted Media</h2> The capabilities of <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaCapabilities/decodingInfo">MediaCapabilities.decodingInfo()</a> </code>are now available for encrypted media. The <code>decodingInfo()</code> method (available in <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaCapabilities/decodingInfo#Browser_compatibility">multiple browsers</a>) allows websites to get more information about the decoding abilities of the client. This enables more informed selection of media streams for the user, enabling scenarios such as smoothly and power-efficiently decoding a video for the available bandwidth and screen size.<br /> <h2> Delegating Shipping Address and Contact Information in Web Payments</h2> The Payment Handler API now <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5660404216758272">lets the browser delegate handling</a> of the shipping address and payer's contact information to Payment Handlers. Delegating collection of the shipping address and contact information to payment handlers can lead to better user experiences because the payment app may have more accurate information than the browser. It can also reduce the checkout steps by one since the browser can show the payment handler window directly rather than showing the payment sheet UI first to collect shipping address and/or payer's contact information. To keep updated on other technical updates around Payment Request API / Payment Handler API on Chrome, <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/paymentrequest">subscribe to paymentrequest@chromium.org</a>.<br /> <h2> Fetch Metadata Destination header</h2> Chrome now supports the <code><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5155867204780032">Sec-Fetch-Dest</a></code> HTTP request header which exposes a request's destination to a server, providing it with information on which to base security decisions. The spec provides <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-fetch-metadata/#sec-fetch-dest-header">a list of its possible values</a>.<br /> <h2> HTMLVideoElement.getVideoPlaybackQuality()</h2> This method retrieves <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5687791428042752">information about video playback performance</a>. Such information may be used to alter bitrate, framerate, or resolution, either upward or downward, to provide a better user experience.<br /> <h2> JavaScript optional chaining</h2> Provides <a href="https://v8.dev/features/optional-chaining" target="_blank">safe access to descendent object members</a> with parents that may or may not be null. This applies to objects as well as functions. For example, consider an object reference with three levels such as a.b.c. Testing for the existence of c would previously require nesting said test inside a test for b. This change allows you to test for c directly without an error being thrown when b is null.<br /> <h2> Nullish coalescing</h2> Adds <a href="https://v8.dev/features/nullish-coalescing" target="_blank">support for the 'nullish' operator</a> to JS.<br /> <h2> Offscreen Canvases Now Support getTransform()</h2> The <code>OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D</code> <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5092323908124672">now supports <code>getTransform()</code></a>. Like its <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D/getTransform">CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> counterpart, this method lets you retrieve the transformation matrix that is currently applied to the context.<br /> <h2> Support for SVG in favicons</h2> Chrome now supports <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5180316371124224">using SVG images as favicons</a>. Scalable formats for favicons reduce the resources for a website or app. For example, a website could have one (or more) hand-tuned icons for small sizes and use a scalable icon as a catch-all.<br /> <h2> Text URL Fragments</h2> Users or authors <a href="https://github.com/WICG/ScrollToTextFragment" target="_blank">can now link to a specific portion</a> of a page using a text fragment provided in a URL. When the page is loaded, the browser highlights the text and scrolls the fragment into view. For example, the URL below loads a wiki page for 'Cat' and scrolls to the content listed in the <code>text</code> parameter.<br /> <br /> <br /> <pre>https://en.example.org/wiki/Cat#:~:text=On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's diet </pre> <br /> <h1> Deprecations, and Removals</h1> This version of Chrome introduces the deprecations and removals listed below. Visit ChromeStatus.com for lists of <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status%3A%22Deprecated%22">current deprecations</a> and <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status:%22Removed%22">previous removals</a>. The descriptions here are just a summary of what's being deprecated and removed. You can find longer descriptions of all these items and replacements and remediations in Deprecations and removals in Chrome 80.<br /> <h2> Disallow Popups During Page Unload</h2> Pages may no longer use the <code>window.open()</code> method to <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5989473649164288">open a new page during unload</a>. The popup blocker already prohibits this, but now it is prohibited whether or not the popup blocker is enabled. For now, enterprises can use the <code>AllowPopupsDuringPageUnload</code> policy flag to allow popups during unload. Chrome expects to remove this flag in version 82.<br /> <h2> Disallow Synchronous XMLHttpRequest() in Page Dismissal</h2> Chrome now disallows synchronous calls to <code>XMLHttpRequest()</code> during page dismissal when the page is being navigated away from or is closed by the user. This applies to <code>beforeunload</code>, <code>unload</code>, <code>pagehide</code>, and <code>visibilitychange</code>.<br /> <br /> To ensure that data is sent to the server when a page unloads, Chrome recommends <code>sendBeacon()</code> or <code>Fetch</code> <code>keep-alive</code>. For now, enterprise users can use the <code>AllowSyncXHRInPageDismissal</code> policy flag and developers can use the origin trial flag <code>allow-sync-xhr-in-page-dismissal</code> to allow synchronous XMLHttpRequest() requests during page unload. This is a temporary opt-out measure. Chrome expects to remove this flag in version 82. <br /> <br /> For details about this and the alternatives, see <a href="https://web.dev/disallow-synchronous-xhr" target="_blank">Improving page dismissal in synchronous XMLHttpRequest()</a>.<br /> <h2> FTP Support Deprecated</h2> Chrome has been removing capabilities from its FTP support since version 72. The reason for this is that usage of FTP in the browser is sufficiently low that it is no longer viable to invest in improving the existing FTP client. In addition, more capable FTP clients are available on all affected platforms. In Chrome 80, the client's capabilities are restricted to either displaying a directory listing or downloading a resource over unencrypted connections. For more information, see Deprecations and removals in Chrome 80.<br /> <h2> Non-origin-clean ImageBitmap serialization and transferring removed</h2> Starting in Chrome 80, errors are raised when a script tries to serialize or transfer a non-origin-clean <code>ImageBitmap</code> object. A non-origin-clean <code>ImageBitmap</code> is one that contains data from cross-origin images that are not verified by CORS logic.<br /> <h2> Protocol handling now requires a secure context</h2> The methods <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> and <code>unregisterProtocolHandler()</code> now require a secure context. These methods are capable of reconfiguring client states such that they would allow transmission of potentially sensitive data over a network. <br /> <h2> Remove -webkit-appearance:button for arbitrary elements</h2> Changes <code>-webkit-appearance:button</code> to work only with <code><button></code> and <code><input> </code>buttons. If <code>button</code> is specified for an unsupported element, the element has the default appearance. All other <code>-webkit-appearance</code> keywords already have this restriction. <br /> <h2> Web Components v0 removed</h2> Web Components v0 are now removed from Chrome. The Web Components v1 APIs are a web platform standard that has shipped in Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and (soon) Edge. For guidance on upgrading, read <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/07/web-components-time-to-upgrade?hl=en">Web Components update: more time to upgrade to v1 APIs</a>. This deprecation covers the items listed below. <br /> <ul> <li>Custom Elements v0</li> <li>HTML Imports v0</li> <li>Shadow DOM v0</li> </ul> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Chrome 80, Content Indexing, ES Modules and More&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/chrome-80-content-indexing-es-modules.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/chrome-80-content-indexing-es-modules.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/chrome-80-content-indexing-es-modules.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/beta' rel='tag'> beta </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='4104655522948838385' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html' itemprop='url' title='Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process'> Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, November 12, 2019 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 400; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you’re a standards-curious web developer, you may have wondered how features get added to browsers, or even how the Chrome team decides what they will work on. You probably also have, at least at some point, thought to yourself “I have this urgent problem but I’ll have to work around it for the foreseeable future, because browsers are just too slow to bring in changes”. You may have even added some expletives when no one was around.</span></h2> <b id="docs-internal-guid-538726cb-7fff-5a23-3a96-1b6f45de059a" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If that description sounds accurate, this is the post for you! This post will describe the Blink process, how browser engineers (both inside and outside of Google) use it in order to ship features in Chromium, what considerations are taken when deciding to ship a new feature, as well as some considerations that impact </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">what</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> features get worked on, and how you can play a role in all of this!</span></span></div> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Project goals</span></span></h2> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium project</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the open source project on which Chrome is built, and on which other browsers are also based: Samsung Internet, Opera, Brave, Vivaldi, and last (to join the project) but not least, Microsoft Edge. The project enables all those different browsers to share a single implementation of the web platform, and at the same time, keep their unique characteristics and focus.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blink</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the rendering engine used by Chromium. It is the part of the project that descends from </span><a href="https://webkit.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WebKit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (the rendering engine Safari uses), and which is mostly (but not exclusively) responsible for the Chromium’s Web Platform implementation. The goal of Chromium and Blink inside it is to continuously improve the web platform as a whole.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">How does Blink improve the web platform?</span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By improving its </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink/platform-predictability" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">predictability</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> through testing and infrastructure, making sure developers have to spend less of their time tackling browser-specific issues and more of their time… well, developing.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink/removing-features" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">removing user hostile features</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, features that increase the platform’s complexity or make its implementations less secure.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#new-features" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">adding platform capabilities</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that enable web developers to innovate and create web experiences that meet and exceed their users’ expectations and needs.</span></li> </ul> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If we want the web to thrive in the long term, we need to make sure that our users consider it safe and pleasant to use, and that it supports all the capabilities developers need in order to easily make their users (and businesses) are happy.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Any improvement to the platform needs to take </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RC-pBBvsazYfCNNUSkPqAVpSpNJ96U8trhNkfV0v9fk/edit#heading=h.83o2xr8ayal6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">backwards compatibility</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1romO1kHzpcwTwPsCzrkNWlh0bBXBwHfUsCt98-CNzkY/edit#heading=h.mxgkfxtgzxqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cross-browser interoperability</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> into account. There’s a lot of web content out there that will never change. The risk of breaking some of it needs to be weighed against the user benefits of shipping that new feature or removing that risky old one. Similarly, in cases where Blink is the first engine to ship a feature or to remove it, we should make sure other browser vendors can follow. We do that by ensuring shipped features designs are widely reviewed, and have specifications and </span><a href="https://wpt.fyi/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">tests</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to guide future implementers.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Chromium project is rather large, and is being worked on by many different entities. Therefore it needs to control which features get shipped, while being even-handed in that decision process. We achieve that through a simple process that guides contributors as they evolve the platform to ensure maximum long-term compatibility and interoperability.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">What features get worked on?</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium is an open source project that’s being worked on by over 2000 engineers from ~55 different organizations. Of course, Google is responsible for the bulk of Chromium - 92% of commits to the project (</span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XPpuM-8bokpInY0gWesN3VcAVlofKDh5nSGKy0MYU6s/edit#gid=64465891" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">data</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) come from Google,  although about 20% of contributors are not Google-affiliated.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 191px; overflow: hidden; width: 308px;"><img height="191" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/XTILGQgwOtJSoNWY-X3D7sAKlgP6X1oNUDHfrrVtvTD4w-zYQKRpg-3ulZvE-sRVTcPak7MjbbfMWv-q5tG9pWIv6pVEktuCvIHzIqwnRjBzJc2E9Pexb_RASCVWNJPmtNXoVvr6" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="308" /></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 188px; overflow: hidden; width: 304px;"><img height="188" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/43j0PbKFw8euVBTWpjJ02OrCtcAo_HvvvZBEoOguPYgzF7qezazjPrR_T9WVue3oIcZIGniTIwli5Muj_sGxm7dLDeoNSUcRsb5ju43Lf2i8kR_U-0GqjtizepnNSQzkTrg9FVDw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="304" /></span></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">With a project of this magnitude, each of the involved companies and contributors are naturally pushing their own slightly different agenda and priorities. Even within Google’s Chrome team there are multiple ways to prioritize which problems are most urgent to tackle and solve. One area that is consistent, is that we work with the ecosystem and developer partners to understand and address their needs. We do that by creating compatibility dashboards, collaborating with frameworks, and observing development patterns in the wild.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2019/07/mdn-web-developer-designer-survey/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MDN survey</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a great example of how the ecosystem can help shape the priorities that a browser vendor has. We’re still in the process of analyzing the results, but it was clear that compatibility is a top priority for developers and we will commit to keep improving on it. We also plan to create more ways to gather structured data on developer needs and hardships.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As you can imagine, with all these priorities from different contributors, it's important for us to be clear about how a feature goes from inception to shipping.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 957px; overflow: hidden; width: 408px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/chromium-blog/intent-to-infographic.jpg" target="_blank"><img height="957" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/zzS6iuWDTM21y3-9rvisM_rraWcABE9PnwM6Ans54hBEsa3YsoEwggjZ_DeNmyRqKcly_jtGCvmE0_rWB9G8rBpLeXKmOmHFBzkuKSHniIhaF0UWy1hghMagdW7-_y8siTE5VNta" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="408" /></a></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">So, what are the typical phases of creating a new web platform feature and shipping it in Chromium?</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The very first step before getting started would be to figure out what we need to be working on and which user or developer problems are the most burning ones. That is typically done by talking to partners, looking at current development patterns and consulting with web developers and framework authors to get a better understanding of what the platform can do better to address their and their users’ needs.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once we know which problem we want to tackle, we can start incubating it!</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What does “incubating” mean?</span><br /> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Over the years, we found that the best way to design and prototype a new platform feature is through </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">incubation</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - getting a strong grasp of the use cases a feature is trying to solve as a first step, and then rapidly iterating over the design in a public forum that includes browser engineers and domain experts. Only once we are certain that a feature solves important use-cases and have high confidence that it solves it the right way, we bring that feature to an official track at a Standard Development Organization, such as a W3C Working Group, the WHATWG, or TC39.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Not all incubations turn up to be standards though. Some incubations fail and some prototypes never make it out to the hands of users. That is perfectly fine and by design. The web platform cannot afford features that don’t solve real user or developer problems to creep in, and we want to make sure those features never make it to be a permanent part of the platform. </span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <br /> <span style="color: #434343; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 1 - Initial research</span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">At this phase, we establish a better understanding of the problem space, by gathering up the specific use-cases we want our future solution to tackle and the constraints under which the solution must operate.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At the end of that phase, engineers are expected to publish an </span><a href="https://w3ctag.github.io/explainers" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">explainer</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that outlines the above, and maybe have a very rough sketch of what a solution may look like. The explainer is published in a relevant public forum (e.g. the </span><a href="https://discourse.wicg.io/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WICG discourse</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) in order to solicit feedback from the web community at large. Such feedback can include missed-out use-cases, further constraints that can impact the design, or simply statements of support for solving the problem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">It’s important at this stage to focus on the problem, and not over-index on any one possible solution - and this is one of the places we haven’t always been perfect.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 2 - Design & Prototype</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Now that we have better grip of the problems we’re trying to solve and the constraints in which we operate, we can start designing the feature and what it may look like. Ideally, the design team would include browser engineers from interested vendors as well as problem space experts from the web developer or framework developer community.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once we have an initial rough design, it might be a good idea to start building and committing  code (behind a flag and turned off by default) in order to better understand the solution’s feasibility and complexity.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s when engineers should send out an “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Prototype</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">” email to </span><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/blink-dev" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">blink-dev</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (previously, “Intent to Implement”), in order to notify the relevant code owners that work is underway in that area. Note that such an intent doesn’t mean that the feature is shipping soon, or that it will ship at all for that matter. It just means that this is a problem space that’s being explored, and code is landing to that end. </span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s also a good point in time to make sure the feature will get a wider review, by filing for a </span><a href="https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TAG review</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 3 - Experiment & iterate</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once code starts to land behind a flag, it’s a good time for interested web developers to start playing around with the solution by turning on the feature flag and testing it out.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Feedback on the initial implementation is critical in order to make sure the eventual design would work well for developers and users alike.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">For some features, such experimentation is enough for developers to get a good handle on what’s the solution looks like, and how well it addresses the problem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In other cases, it’s critical to gather data from the field regarding the solution, to see how well it works in broader deployment to fulfill user’s needs, or get a better understanding of its performance characteristics at scale.</span></span></div> <h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 3.5 - Origin Trial</span></span></h4> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In those cases, a browser engineer can request an </span><a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/OriginTrials" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Origin Trial</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (by sending out an </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Experiment</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> email), which enables interested developers to test the feature out in broader deployment to users who have not turned on the feature flag. Once an Origin Trial is in place, developers can register for the trial, and enable the feature (in production) for their domains. That enables them to gather data on the user impact of the feature, and report it back to the design team, confirming or refuting their assumptions regarding the solution’s viability.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that an Origin Trial is a temporary experiment, and there’s a good chance that the feature will significantly change before it will be enabled by default, or even that the effort will be dropped altogether. Developers interested in participating should take that into account, and not rely on the feature being available to their users beyond the scope of the trial.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 4 - ship it!</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once the previous steps were completed with success and the team believes the feature is ready to be turned on by default, that’s when they can submit an </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Ship</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s a part of the process that’s </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#TOC-Policy-for-shipping-and-removing-web-platform-API-features" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">a bit more strict</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In order to ship a feature by default, engineers need approval for the feature to ship from 3 API owners.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What’s an “API owner”?</span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#TOC-API-Owners" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">API owners</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> are a set of trusted Chromium engineers, who are responsible for enforcing the Blink process guiding principles. Each feature we’re trying to ship has some user and developer benefits, otherwise we probably wouldn’t be working on it. Shipping new features can introduce interoperability risks, if other browsers don’t follow us. The API owners are tasked with applying our </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RC-pBBvsazYfCNNUSkPqAVpSpNJ96U8trhNkfV0v9fk/edit#heading=h.83o2xr8ayal6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">compatibility</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1romO1kHzpcwTwPsCzrkNWlh0bBXBwHfUsCt98-CNzkY/edit#heading=h.mxgkfxtgzxqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">interoperability</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> principles and help evaluate each shipping feature with regards to its risk/benefit tradeoff. They then provide their approval on “Intent to Ship” threads for new shipping features, if they think the benefits outweigh the risks. Those approvals are provided in the form of “LGTM” (“Looks Good To Me”) replies on intent threads.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that LGTMs are not required for Intent to Prototype. For an Intent to Experiment, approval from a single API owner is sufficient, as the risk they pose is fairly contained.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">As part of the “Intent to Ship” request, chromium engineers need to provide clear signals regarding the risk and benefit tradeoff of the feature.</span><br /> <br /> <ul> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The feature needs to have a solid specification and a comprehensive cross-browser test suite in order to minimize interoperability risk.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Signals from other browser vendors as well as from wide review forums (such as the TAG) are taken into account, alongside signals from the web developer community and partners who are planning to use the feature.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the feature went through an Origin Trial, a report outlining the results is also important to better understand the benefits.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that the fact that an “intent to ship” is sent indicates the team’s estimate of the feature being ready to ship, but it does not necessarily mean that the feature will ship shortly, or at all.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Some features take a long time to go through the intent process, in order to prove that the risk they pose is low enough to justify shipping. Others get held up addressing feedback from other vendors or from wide-review forums. </span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In other (rare) cases, features can be rejected by the API owners, and their proponents then need to look for alternative ways to resolve the problem, which won’t hit the same concerns that got their initial intent rejected.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Removing features</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Finally, while adding new feature certainly grabs most people’s attention, an equally important part of the intent process is to deprecate and remove legacy web platform features. In those cases, the main risk is breaking existing content, and the benefits are typically around improving user’s security, privacy and performance. The project’s willingness to take some compatibility risk and remove features is critical to our risk/benefit calculus also when launching features first - if we got it wrong and late feedback causes us to change course, we typically can figure out a path to deprecate those features to get us back on track to interoperability.</span></span></div> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Summary</span></span></h2> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Chromium’s project goal is to make sure the web platform remains a healthy and successful platform.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">For that, we believe the platform needs to make significant progress in the face of shifting developer and user expectations, as well as adapt to the changing market forces and constraints. At the same time, we need that progress to be done in a responsible manner both inside the Chromium project and when it comes to our collaboration with the wider ecosystem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Blink process’ role is to keep the balance between those different requirements, and to help ensure the web is a thriving platform for generations to come.</span></span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Posted by Yoav Weiss, Wrangler of processes and Advocate of developers.</span></span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 400; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you’re a standards-curious web developer, you may have wondered how features get added to browsers, or even how the Chrome team decides what they will work on. You probably also have, at least at some point, thought to yourself “I have this urgent problem but I’ll have to work around it for the foreseeable future, because browsers are just too slow to bring in changes”. You may have even added some expletives when no one was around.</span></h2> <b id="docs-internal-guid-538726cb-7fff-5a23-3a96-1b6f45de059a" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If that description sounds accurate, this is the post for you! This post will describe the Blink process, how browser engineers (both inside and outside of Google) use it in order to ship features in Chromium, what considerations are taken when deciding to ship a new feature, as well as some considerations that impact </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">what</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> features get worked on, and how you can play a role in all of this!</span></span></div> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Project goals</span></span></h2> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium project</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the open source project on which Chrome is built, and on which other browsers are also based: Samsung Internet, Opera, Brave, Vivaldi, and last (to join the project) but not least, Microsoft Edge. The project enables all those different browsers to share a single implementation of the web platform, and at the same time, keep their unique characteristics and focus.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blink</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the rendering engine used by Chromium. It is the part of the project that descends from </span><a href="https://webkit.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WebKit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (the rendering engine Safari uses), and which is mostly (but not exclusively) responsible for the Chromium’s Web Platform implementation. The goal of Chromium and Blink inside it is to continuously improve the web platform as a whole.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">How does Blink improve the web platform?</span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By improving its </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink/platform-predictability" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">predictability</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> through testing and infrastructure, making sure developers have to spend less of their time tackling browser-specific issues and more of their time… well, developing.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink/removing-features" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">removing user hostile features</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, features that increase the platform’s complexity or make its implementations less secure.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#new-features" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">adding platform capabilities</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that enable web developers to innovate and create web experiences that meet and exceed their users’ expectations and needs.</span></li> </ul> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If we want the web to thrive in the long term, we need to make sure that our users consider it safe and pleasant to use, and that it supports all the capabilities developers need in order to easily make their users (and businesses) are happy.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Any improvement to the platform needs to take </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RC-pBBvsazYfCNNUSkPqAVpSpNJ96U8trhNkfV0v9fk/edit#heading=h.83o2xr8ayal6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">backwards compatibility</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1romO1kHzpcwTwPsCzrkNWlh0bBXBwHfUsCt98-CNzkY/edit#heading=h.mxgkfxtgzxqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cross-browser interoperability</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> into account. There’s a lot of web content out there that will never change. The risk of breaking some of it needs to be weighed against the user benefits of shipping that new feature or removing that risky old one. Similarly, in cases where Blink is the first engine to ship a feature or to remove it, we should make sure other browser vendors can follow. We do that by ensuring shipped features designs are widely reviewed, and have specifications and </span><a href="https://wpt.fyi/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">tests</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to guide future implementers.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Chromium project is rather large, and is being worked on by many different entities. Therefore it needs to control which features get shipped, while being even-handed in that decision process. We achieve that through a simple process that guides contributors as they evolve the platform to ensure maximum long-term compatibility and interoperability.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">What features get worked on?</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium is an open source project that’s being worked on by over 2000 engineers from ~55 different organizations. Of course, Google is responsible for the bulk of Chromium - 92% of commits to the project (</span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XPpuM-8bokpInY0gWesN3VcAVlofKDh5nSGKy0MYU6s/edit#gid=64465891" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">data</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) come from Google,  although about 20% of contributors are not Google-affiliated.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 191px; overflow: hidden; width: 308px;"><img height="191" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/XTILGQgwOtJSoNWY-X3D7sAKlgP6X1oNUDHfrrVtvTD4w-zYQKRpg-3ulZvE-sRVTcPak7MjbbfMWv-q5tG9pWIv6pVEktuCvIHzIqwnRjBzJc2E9Pexb_RASCVWNJPmtNXoVvr6" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="308" /></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 188px; overflow: hidden; width: 304px;"><img height="188" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/43j0PbKFw8euVBTWpjJ02OrCtcAo_HvvvZBEoOguPYgzF7qezazjPrR_T9WVue3oIcZIGniTIwli5Muj_sGxm7dLDeoNSUcRsb5ju43Lf2i8kR_U-0GqjtizepnNSQzkTrg9FVDw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="304" /></span></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">With a project of this magnitude, each of the involved companies and contributors are naturally pushing their own slightly different agenda and priorities. Even within Google’s Chrome team there are multiple ways to prioritize which problems are most urgent to tackle and solve. One area that is consistent, is that we work with the ecosystem and developer partners to understand and address their needs. We do that by creating compatibility dashboards, collaborating with frameworks, and observing development patterns in the wild.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2019/07/mdn-web-developer-designer-survey/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MDN survey</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a great example of how the ecosystem can help shape the priorities that a browser vendor has. We’re still in the process of analyzing the results, but it was clear that compatibility is a top priority for developers and we will commit to keep improving on it. We also plan to create more ways to gather structured data on developer needs and hardships.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As you can imagine, with all these priorities from different contributors, it's important for us to be clear about how a feature goes from inception to shipping.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 957px; overflow: hidden; width: 408px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/chromium-blog/intent-to-infographic.jpg" target="_blank"><img height="957" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/zzS6iuWDTM21y3-9rvisM_rraWcABE9PnwM6Ans54hBEsa3YsoEwggjZ_DeNmyRqKcly_jtGCvmE0_rWB9G8rBpLeXKmOmHFBzkuKSHniIhaF0UWy1hghMagdW7-_y8siTE5VNta" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="408" /></a></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">So, what are the typical phases of creating a new web platform feature and shipping it in Chromium?</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The very first step before getting started would be to figure out what we need to be working on and which user or developer problems are the most burning ones. That is typically done by talking to partners, looking at current development patterns and consulting with web developers and framework authors to get a better understanding of what the platform can do better to address their and their users’ needs.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once we know which problem we want to tackle, we can start incubating it!</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What does “incubating” mean?</span><br /> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Over the years, we found that the best way to design and prototype a new platform feature is through </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">incubation</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - getting a strong grasp of the use cases a feature is trying to solve as a first step, and then rapidly iterating over the design in a public forum that includes browser engineers and domain experts. Only once we are certain that a feature solves important use-cases and have high confidence that it solves it the right way, we bring that feature to an official track at a Standard Development Organization, such as a W3C Working Group, the WHATWG, or TC39.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Not all incubations turn up to be standards though. Some incubations fail and some prototypes never make it out to the hands of users. That is perfectly fine and by design. The web platform cannot afford features that don’t solve real user or developer problems to creep in, and we want to make sure those features never make it to be a permanent part of the platform. </span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <br /> <span style="color: #434343; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 1 - Initial research</span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">At this phase, we establish a better understanding of the problem space, by gathering up the specific use-cases we want our future solution to tackle and the constraints under which the solution must operate.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At the end of that phase, engineers are expected to publish an </span><a href="https://w3ctag.github.io/explainers" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">explainer</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that outlines the above, and maybe have a very rough sketch of what a solution may look like. The explainer is published in a relevant public forum (e.g. the </span><a href="https://discourse.wicg.io/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WICG discourse</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) in order to solicit feedback from the web community at large. Such feedback can include missed-out use-cases, further constraints that can impact the design, or simply statements of support for solving the problem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">It’s important at this stage to focus on the problem, and not over-index on any one possible solution - and this is one of the places we haven’t always been perfect.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 2 - Design & Prototype</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Now that we have better grip of the problems we’re trying to solve and the constraints in which we operate, we can start designing the feature and what it may look like. Ideally, the design team would include browser engineers from interested vendors as well as problem space experts from the web developer or framework developer community.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once we have an initial rough design, it might be a good idea to start building and committing  code (behind a flag and turned off by default) in order to better understand the solution’s feasibility and complexity.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s when engineers should send out an “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Prototype</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">” email to </span><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/blink-dev" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">blink-dev</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (previously, “Intent to Implement”), in order to notify the relevant code owners that work is underway in that area. Note that such an intent doesn’t mean that the feature is shipping soon, or that it will ship at all for that matter. It just means that this is a problem space that’s being explored, and code is landing to that end. </span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s also a good point in time to make sure the feature will get a wider review, by filing for a </span><a href="https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TAG review</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 3 - Experiment & iterate</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once code starts to land behind a flag, it’s a good time for interested web developers to start playing around with the solution by turning on the feature flag and testing it out.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Feedback on the initial implementation is critical in order to make sure the eventual design would work well for developers and users alike.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">For some features, such experimentation is enough for developers to get a good handle on what’s the solution looks like, and how well it addresses the problem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In other cases, it’s critical to gather data from the field regarding the solution, to see how well it works in broader deployment to fulfill user’s needs, or get a better understanding of its performance characteristics at scale.</span></span></div> <h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 3.5 - Origin Trial</span></span></h4> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In those cases, a browser engineer can request an </span><a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/OriginTrials" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Origin Trial</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (by sending out an </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Experiment</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> email), which enables interested developers to test the feature out in broader deployment to users who have not turned on the feature flag. Once an Origin Trial is in place, developers can register for the trial, and enable the feature (in production) for their domains. That enables them to gather data on the user impact of the feature, and report it back to the design team, confirming or refuting their assumptions regarding the solution’s viability.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that an Origin Trial is a temporary experiment, and there’s a good chance that the feature will significantly change before it will be enabled by default, or even that the effort will be dropped altogether. Developers interested in participating should take that into account, and not rely on the feature being available to their users beyond the scope of the trial.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Step 4 - ship it!</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once the previous steps were completed with success and the team believes the feature is ready to be turned on by default, that’s when they can submit an </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intent to Ship</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That’s a part of the process that’s </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#TOC-Policy-for-shipping-and-removing-web-platform-API-features" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">a bit more strict</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In order to ship a feature by default, engineers need approval for the feature to ship from 3 API owners.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">What’s an “API owner”?</span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink#TOC-API-Owners" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">API owners</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> are a set of trusted Chromium engineers, who are responsible for enforcing the Blink process guiding principles. Each feature we’re trying to ship has some user and developer benefits, otherwise we probably wouldn’t be working on it. Shipping new features can introduce interoperability risks, if other browsers don’t follow us. The API owners are tasked with applying our </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RC-pBBvsazYfCNNUSkPqAVpSpNJ96U8trhNkfV0v9fk/edit#heading=h.83o2xr8ayal6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">compatibility</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1romO1kHzpcwTwPsCzrkNWlh0bBXBwHfUsCt98-CNzkY/edit#heading=h.mxgkfxtgzxqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">interoperability</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> principles and help evaluate each shipping feature with regards to its risk/benefit tradeoff. They then provide their approval on “Intent to Ship” threads for new shipping features, if they think the benefits outweigh the risks. Those approvals are provided in the form of “LGTM” (“Looks Good To Me”) replies on intent threads.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that LGTMs are not required for Intent to Prototype. For an Intent to Experiment, approval from a single API owner is sufficient, as the risk they pose is fairly contained.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </div> <hr /> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">As part of the “Intent to Ship” request, chromium engineers need to provide clear signals regarding the risk and benefit tradeoff of the feature.</span><br /> <br /> <ul> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The feature needs to have a solid specification and a comprehensive cross-browser test suite in order to minimize interoperability risk.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Signals from other browser vendors as well as from wide review forums (such as the TAG) are taken into account, alongside signals from the web developer community and partners who are planning to use the feature.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the feature went through an Origin Trial, a report outlining the results is also important to better understand the benefits.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Note that the fact that an “intent to ship” is sent indicates the team’s estimate of the feature being ready to ship, but it does not necessarily mean that the feature will ship shortly, or at all.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Some features take a long time to go through the intent process, in order to prove that the risk they pose is low enough to justify shipping. Others get held up addressing feedback from other vendors or from wide-review forums. </span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In other (rare) cases, features can be rejected by the API owners, and their proponents then need to look for alternative ways to resolve the problem, which won’t hit the same concerns that got their initial intent rejected.</span></span></div> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Removing features</span></span></h3> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Finally, while adding new feature certainly grabs most people’s attention, an equally important part of the intent process is to deprecate and remove legacy web platform features. In those cases, the main risk is breaking existing content, and the benefits are typically around improving user’s security, privacy and performance. The project’s willingness to take some compatibility risk and remove features is critical to our risk/benefit calculus also when launching features first - if we got it wrong and late feedback causes us to change course, we typically can figure out a path to deprecate those features to get us back on track to interoperability.</span></span></div> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Summary</span></span></h2> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Chromium’s project goal is to make sure the web platform remains a healthy and successful platform.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">For that, we believe the platform needs to make significant progress in the face of shifting developer and user expectations, as well as adapt to the changing market forces and constraints. At the same time, we need that progress to be done in a responsible manner both inside the Chromium project and when it comes to our collaboration with the wider ecosystem.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Blink process’ role is to keep the balance between those different requirements, and to help ensure the web is a thriving platform for generations to come.</span></span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Posted by Yoav Weiss, Wrangler of processes and Advocate of developers.</span></span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/blink' rel='tag'> blink </a> , <a class='label' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromium' rel='tag'> chromium </a> , <a class='label' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/intent%20to%20explain' rel='tag'> intent to explain </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='9113968470960143366' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/chrome-dev-summit-2019-elevating-web.html' itemprop='url' title='Chrome Dev Summit 2019: Elevating the Web Together'> Chrome Dev Summit 2019: Elevating the Web Together </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Monday, November 11, 2019 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F1UP7wRCPH8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F1UP7wRCPH8?feature=player_embedded" width="560"></iframe></div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As the largest open ecosystem in history, the Web is a tremendous utility, with more than 1.5B active websites on the Internet today, serving nearly 4.5B web users across the world. This kind of diversity (geography, device, content, and more) can only be facilitated by the open web platform.</span></span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-75dd2862-7fff-9514-b1d8-eb5f5486f8b6" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Users uniquely experience the Web as one as they navigate from site to site, and thus the responsibility is with all of us to work on delivering quality experiences that reach all.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At this year’s </span><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/devsummit/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome Developer Summit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (CDS), we are focusing on giving developers the capabilities to reach the bar that our users demand. To help further foster the diversity and capability for web developers, we’ve been working closely with the ecosystem to make enhancements to the web platform, improve developer experience, and make meaningful updates to the browser itself.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Enhancing the versatility of the Web</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Our vision is to make loading disappear for all our users. At I/O this year, we previewed </span><a href="https://web.dev/hands-on-portals/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Portals</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> which allows developers to create seamless experiences by pre-rendering content and optionally embedding it in the page to change the way users navigate across the web. We’re pleased to see the new style navigation from early partners like <a href="https://www.fandango.com/">Fandango</a> have been testing on their site already. Portals is available behind the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">chrome://flags/#enable-portals</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> flag for developers to experiment with.</span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpDjkPdGCd8h8fb56oKCzo15JUfGBb7quVhh2pBlljjWBavG8If2FrZzAh9bFDunRR1Vnz-CSBkgCqeOzzpi_oHXNwPRj22fEJI60cTSpb9ZKG1fFIWEmpLhM0cVdMvgWV4rPDraQypG2/s1600/Dr+Sleep+Portal-2019-11-10+18_52_59+%25281%2529.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fandango Portals demo" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="773" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpDjkPdGCd8h8fb56oKCzo15JUfGBb7quVhh2pBlljjWBavG8If2FrZzAh9bFDunRR1Vnz-CSBkgCqeOzzpi_oHXNwPRj22fEJI60cTSpb9ZKG1fFIWEmpLhM0cVdMvgWV4rPDraQypG2/s400/Dr+Sleep+Portal-2019-11-10+18_52_59+%25281%2529.gif" title="Fandango Portals demo" width="192" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At CDS this year, we’re previewing </span><a href="https://web.dev/web-bundles/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Web Bundles</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">an infrastructural API that will allow developers to distribute their web content across any format - email, FTP, or even USB, without any compromises. Not only does this unlock delivery of web content at lightning fast speeds, it will also allow for peer-to-peer distribution even when users are offline. In the future, APIs like</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/08/periodic-background-sync" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Background Periodic Sync</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">and</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Content Indexing</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will allow developers to proactively cache and surface relevant web content for people even if they’re not on an active internet connection. Web Bundles is now available behind the experimental flag, and the other two are now available as origin trials.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Consumption of web content has never been more diverse; while the rise of mobile-first in developing markets has been well documented, we’re now seeing an increase in cross-device computing with the youth across the globe. We’re committed to making the platform powerful enough for developers to create amazing modern experiences that users expect while taking advantage of the frictionless of the web. By focusing our efforts on enabling fully capable web applications, we’ve been working to bring many primitives to the platform, including:  </span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <br /></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://web.dev/sms-receiver-api-announcement/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;">SMS Receiver</a></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">allowing web apps to retrieve two-factor SMS messages.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Contact Picker</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which will allow people to share web content to their contact lists, bringing social media and communication capabilities to web apps.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><a href="https://web.dev/native-file-system/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Native File System API</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, enables web apps to read or save changes directly to files and folders on the user's device. This allows developers to build powerful web apps that interact with files on the user's local device, like IDEs, photo and video editors, text editors, and more. </span></li> </ul> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There’s a lot more that we’re working on in this space and we can’t wait to see what you build with these capabilities. You can read all about our latest work in our blog on <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/making-new-experiences-possible-on-web.html">supporting new web experiences</a>.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Enabling developer success no matter the framework or CMS</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As web developers, we’re on a collective journey providing people their best, unique web experience. This collective responsibility makes accurate, actionable data on the health of the web increasingly important.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDS gives us a checkpoint to see how we are doing and have a discussion on where we go next. We use the </span><a href="https://httparchive.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HTTP Archive</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to see </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">how the web is built</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and the </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-user-experience-report" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome User Experience Report</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to see </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">how it is experienced</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Over the past year, we’re seeing a positive growth in the percentage of sites with fast </span><a href="https://web.dev/fcp/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First Contentful Paint</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and fast </span><a href="https://web.dev/fid/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First Input Delay</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, our core metrics for loading and interactivity.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Measuring user experience quality is multi-faceted, today we introduced two new metrics to give developers a holistic view of how their sites are performing. </span><a href="https://web.dev/largest-contentful-paint/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Largest Contentful Paint</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (how quickly users see the most meaningful page content) and </span><a href="https://web.dev/layout-instability-api/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cumulative Layout Shift</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (how stable a page feels).</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, data is great, but insights that lead to fixes and improvements are better. We often get asked “What do I do with this information?” We’ve collaborated with many experts from the community on </span><a href="http://almanac.httparchive.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Web Almanac</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">to give developers a holistic view of the health of the web. We launched over 17 chapters today and we’re excited to continue to identify and share more such insights.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 241px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="241" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gASPoc4MTq2vMscnWsDyVxwiMZ6lrOHBIKkpS7mWybXRPvzTXmMVNKZ-f01jKrfM9FGRVMrxRNv-z-xbDHgL1X1XfAitvPPWPMWlvgHmN5GuXXDa2Whl79WyJEMWQ_FCzJvzIzxV" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Developers work incredibly hard to move their performance metrics in the right direction, so we are looking at ways to reward developers for going the extra mile. Today we are sharing some early explorations which </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/moving-towards-faster-web.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">surface speed signals</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in Chrome’s UI.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 525px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="525" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/qXJ8qKuLOmuqMhCEJ5njMMQYhnnGk6LvK_rgIZhKK35GKq_ajI8mwQk5tQUJtPrud0OwNbbBuLcH6ews3XQjGnyYsQpzj_03jwyBHMWWoOJ_pz9yip5-U0NvE4A3CuFKlYzIT1d1" style="margin-left: -20.4277px; margin-top: 0px;" width="642.855321861058" /></span></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frameworks, libraries and CMS’es form a critical part of the developer ecosystem and we’re keen to support them on their journey of creating instant and seamless for their users. Earlier this year we created </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/01/lighthouse-platform-packs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lighthouse Stack Packs</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> for WordPress and React to support their developer ecosystems in build fast and reliable sites, and today we’ve increased the coverage include Angular, AMP as well as the ecommerce CMS, Magento, bring more actionable insights to developers irrespective of the tools developers use.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We’ve been excited to see that the Framework Fund has supported a </span><a href="https://opencollective.com/chrome" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">number of meaningful projects</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that make it easier to hit the performance bars by default, and we’re looking forward to seeing more projects being funded this year.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finally, we have launched </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Lighthouse CI</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to make sure that developers are given insights for each pull request. Developers can quickly hook up Lighthouse CI to their build pipeline to get a rich diff of the changes that they made and the impact it had on the quality of their site.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 415px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="415" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/5W6WFaviO59NyaFDnR6Dd134LtMejK-1D9bdEhOQuWvuVW9bjk3uLFnq66JNs5qGalMtoamhPrFV2HDdQY9nXi5W0K2A2im1qUo9xPegxQdymVrKWB_lsbjYzd8_EG_13p8qGB9u" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Making the browser work for you</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We believe the web is for everyone, no matter their device type, internet speed or purchasing power.  To help ensure the platform remains accessible to all, we’re investing in performance and memory improvements to the browser, including bringing new features like Image Lazy Loading that is now going to be available to </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/automatically-lazy-loading-offscreen.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome Lite users by default</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/05/paint-holding" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paint Holding</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, shipping soon in Chrome.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The web needs to be a safe and trustworthy place for everyone. Furthering our initiatives around HTTPS encryption, we began working with the community to start </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">blocking all mixed content</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - insecure HTTP subresources on HTTPS pages - by default, and also experimenting with </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/addressing-some-misconceptions-about.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DNS over HTTPS</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which offers better security and privacy by encrypting the traffic between the browser and DNS provider</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We are also following up on our I/O promise to make our existing third-party cookie controls more visible. Starting with the Chrome M79 Beta, we’re experimenting with a toggle for controlling third-party cookies on the Incognito New Tab Page. We are also working on redesigning our settings pages to make access to this control easier in regular mode. And finally, apart from continuing to make progress to improve the existing cookies infrastructure, we’re also continuing to develop our </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/08/potential-uses-for-privacy-sandbox.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Privacy Sandbox</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a secure environment for content that also protects user privacy.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">We want to thank the entire web community for their continued investment in a platform that is so impactful to so many people around the world. We believe it is our collective responsibility to elevate the web experience for every user and in that spirit, <b>let's celebrate the 'We' in Web.</b></span></span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Posted by Dion Almaer, Web Developer Ecosystem</span></span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F1UP7wRCPH8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F1UP7wRCPH8?feature=player_embedded" width="560"></iframe></div> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As the largest open ecosystem in history, the Web is a tremendous utility, with more than 1.5B active websites on the Internet today, serving nearly 4.5B web users across the world. This kind of diversity (geography, device, content, and more) can only be facilitated by the open web platform.</span></span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-75dd2862-7fff-9514-b1d8-eb5f5486f8b6" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Users uniquely experience the Web as one as they navigate from site to site, and thus the responsibility is with all of us to work on delivering quality experiences that reach all.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At this year’s </span><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/devsummit/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome Developer Summit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (CDS), we are focusing on giving developers the capabilities to reach the bar that our users demand. To help further foster the diversity and capability for web developers, we’ve been working closely with the ecosystem to make enhancements to the web platform, improve developer experience, and make meaningful updates to the browser itself.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Enhancing the versatility of the Web</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Our vision is to make loading disappear for all our users. At I/O this year, we previewed </span><a href="https://web.dev/hands-on-portals/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Portals</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> which allows developers to create seamless experiences by pre-rendering content and optionally embedding it in the page to change the way users navigate across the web. We’re pleased to see the new style navigation from early partners like <a href="https://www.fandango.com/">Fandango</a> have been testing on their site already. Portals is available behind the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">chrome://flags/#enable-portals</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> flag for developers to experiment with.</span></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpDjkPdGCd8h8fb56oKCzo15JUfGBb7quVhh2pBlljjWBavG8If2FrZzAh9bFDunRR1Vnz-CSBkgCqeOzzpi_oHXNwPRj22fEJI60cTSpb9ZKG1fFIWEmpLhM0cVdMvgWV4rPDraQypG2/s1600/Dr+Sleep+Portal-2019-11-10+18_52_59+%25281%2529.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fandango Portals demo" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="773" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcpDjkPdGCd8h8fb56oKCzo15JUfGBb7quVhh2pBlljjWBavG8If2FrZzAh9bFDunRR1Vnz-CSBkgCqeOzzpi_oHXNwPRj22fEJI60cTSpb9ZKG1fFIWEmpLhM0cVdMvgWV4rPDraQypG2/s400/Dr+Sleep+Portal-2019-11-10+18_52_59+%25281%2529.gif" title="Fandango Portals demo" width="192" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At CDS this year, we’re previewing </span><a href="https://web.dev/web-bundles/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Web Bundles</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">an infrastructural API that will allow developers to distribute their web content across any format - email, FTP, or even USB, without any compromises. Not only does this unlock delivery of web content at lightning fast speeds, it will also allow for peer-to-peer distribution even when users are offline. In the future, APIs like</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/08/periodic-background-sync" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Background Periodic Sync</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">and</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Content Indexing</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will allow developers to proactively cache and surface relevant web content for people even if they’re not on an active internet connection. Web Bundles is now available behind the experimental flag, and the other two are now available as origin trials.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Consumption of web content has never been more diverse; while the rise of mobile-first in developing markets has been well documented, we’re now seeing an increase in cross-device computing with the youth across the globe. We’re committed to making the platform powerful enough for developers to create amazing modern experiences that users expect while taking advantage of the frictionless of the web. By focusing our efforts on enabling fully capable web applications, we’ve been working to bring many primitives to the platform, including:  </span></span><br /> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <br /></div> <ul style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://web.dev/sms-receiver-api-announcement/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;">SMS Receiver</a></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">allowing web apps to retrieve two-factor SMS messages.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><a href="https://web.dev/contact-picker/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Contact Picker</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which will allow people to share web content to their contact lists, bringing social media and communication capabilities to web apps.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 20.4px;"><a href="https://web.dev/native-file-system/" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Native File System API</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, enables web apps to read or save changes directly to files and folders on the user's device. This allows developers to build powerful web apps that interact with files on the user's local device, like IDEs, photo and video editors, text editors, and more. </span></li> </ul> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There’s a lot more that we’re working on in this space and we can’t wait to see what you build with these capabilities. You can read all about our latest work in our blog on <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/making-new-experiences-possible-on-web.html">supporting new web experiences</a>.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Enabling developer success no matter the framework or CMS</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As web developers, we’re on a collective journey providing people their best, unique web experience. This collective responsibility makes accurate, actionable data on the health of the web increasingly important.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CDS gives us a checkpoint to see how we are doing and have a discussion on where we go next. We use the </span><a href="https://httparchive.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HTTP Archive</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to see </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">how the web is built</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and the </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-user-experience-report" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome User Experience Report</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to see </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">how it is experienced</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Over the past year, we’re seeing a positive growth in the percentage of sites with fast </span><a href="https://web.dev/fcp/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First Contentful Paint</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and fast </span><a href="https://web.dev/fid/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First Input Delay</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, our core metrics for loading and interactivity.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Measuring user experience quality is multi-faceted, today we introduced two new metrics to give developers a holistic view of how their sites are performing. </span><a href="https://web.dev/largest-contentful-paint/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Largest Contentful Paint</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (how quickly users see the most meaningful page content) and </span><a href="https://web.dev/layout-instability-api/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cumulative Layout Shift</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (how stable a page feels).</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, data is great, but insights that lead to fixes and improvements are better. We often get asked “What do I do with this information?” We’ve collaborated with many experts from the community on </span><a href="http://almanac.httparchive.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Web Almanac</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">to give developers a holistic view of the health of the web. We launched over 17 chapters today and we’re excited to continue to identify and share more such insights.</span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 241px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="241" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gASPoc4MTq2vMscnWsDyVxwiMZ6lrOHBIKkpS7mWybXRPvzTXmMVNKZ-f01jKrfM9FGRVMrxRNv-z-xbDHgL1X1XfAitvPPWPMWlvgHmN5GuXXDa2Whl79WyJEMWQ_FCzJvzIzxV" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Developers work incredibly hard to move their performance metrics in the right direction, so we are looking at ways to reward developers for going the extra mile. Today we are sharing some early explorations which </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/moving-towards-faster-web.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">surface speed signals</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in Chrome’s UI.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 525px; overflow: hidden; width: 602px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="525" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/qXJ8qKuLOmuqMhCEJ5njMMQYhnnGk6LvK_rgIZhKK35GKq_ajI8mwQk5tQUJtPrud0OwNbbBuLcH6ews3XQjGnyYsQpzj_03jwyBHMWWoOJ_pz9yip5-U0NvE4A3CuFKlYzIT1d1" style="margin-left: -20.4277px; margin-top: 0px;" width="642.855321861058" /></span></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frameworks, libraries and CMS’es form a critical part of the developer ecosystem and we’re keen to support them on their journey of creating instant and seamless for their users. Earlier this year we created </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/01/lighthouse-platform-packs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lighthouse Stack Packs</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> for WordPress and React to support their developer ecosystems in build fast and reliable sites, and today we’ve increased the coverage include Angular, AMP as well as the ecommerce CMS, Magento, bring more actionable insights to developers irrespective of the tools developers use.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We’ve been excited to see that the Framework Fund has supported a </span><a href="https://opencollective.com/chrome" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">number of meaningful projects</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> that make it easier to hit the performance bars by default, and we’re looking forward to seeing more projects being funded this year.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finally, we have launched </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Lighthouse CI</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to make sure that developers are given insights for each pull request. Developers can quickly hook up Lighthouse CI to their build pipeline to get a rich diff of the changes that they made and the impact it had on the quality of their site.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: none; display: inline-block; height: 415px; overflow: hidden; width: 624px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="415" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/5W6WFaviO59NyaFDnR6Dd134LtMejK-1D9bdEhOQuWvuVW9bjk3uLFnq66JNs5qGalMtoamhPrFV2HDdQY9nXi5W0K2A2im1qUo9xPegxQdymVrKWB_lsbjYzd8_EG_13p8qGB9u" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="624" /></span></span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Making the browser work for you</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We believe the web is for everyone, no matter their device type, internet speed or purchasing power.  To help ensure the platform remains accessible to all, we’re investing in performance and memory improvements to the browser, including bringing new features like Image Lazy Loading that is now going to be available to </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/automatically-lazy-loading-offscreen.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome Lite users by default</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/05/paint-holding" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paint Holding</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, shipping soon in Chrome.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The web needs to be a safe and trustworthy place for everyone. Furthering our initiatives around HTTPS encryption, we began working with the community to start </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">blocking all mixed content</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - insecure HTTP subresources on HTTPS pages - by default, and also experimenting with </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/addressing-some-misconceptions-about.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DNS over HTTPS</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which offers better security and privacy by encrypting the traffic between the browser and DNS provider</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We are also following up on our I/O promise to make our existing third-party cookie controls more visible. Starting with the Chrome M79 Beta, we’re experimenting with a toggle for controlling third-party cookies on the Incognito New Tab Page. We are also working on redesigning our settings pages to make access to this control easier in regular mode. And finally, apart from continuing to make progress to improve the existing cookies infrastructure, we’re also continuing to develop our </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/08/potential-uses-for-privacy-sandbox.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Privacy Sandbox</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a secure environment for content that also protects user privacy.</span></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">We want to thank the entire web community for their continued investment in a platform that is so impactful to so many people around the world. We believe it is our collective responsibility to elevate the web experience for every user and in that spirit, <b>let's celebrate the 'We' in Web.</b></span></span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Posted by Dion Almaer, Web Developer Ecosystem</span></span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Chrome Dev Summit 2019: Elevating the Web 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src='data:image/png;base64,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'/> <h2> Labels </h2> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </div> <div class='widget-content list-label-widget-content'> <ul> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/%24200K'> $200K </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/10th%20birthday'> 10th birthday </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/abusive%20ads'> abusive ads </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/abusive%20notifications'> abusive notifications </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/accessibility'> accessibility </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ad%20blockers'> ad blockers </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ad%20blocking'> ad blocking </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/advanced%20capabilities'> advanced capabilities </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/android'> android </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/anti%20abuse'> anti abuse </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/anti-deception'> anti-deception </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/background%20periodic%20sync'> background periodic sync </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/badging'> badging </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/benchmarks'> benchmarks </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/beta'> beta </a> <span dir='ltr'> 83 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/better%20ads%20standards'> better ads standards </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/billing'> billing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/birthday'> birthday </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/blink'> blink </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/browser'> browser </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/browser%20interoperability'> browser interoperability </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/bundles'> bundles </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/capabilities'> capabilities </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/capable%20web'> capable web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cds'> cds </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cds18'> cds18 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cds2018'> cds2018 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome'> chrome </a> <span dir='ltr'> 35 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%2081'> chrome 81 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%2083'> chrome 83 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%2084'> chrome 84 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20ads'> chrome ads </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20apps'> chrome apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20dev'> Chrome dev </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20dev%20summit'> chrome dev summit </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20dev%20summit%202018'> chrome dev summit 2018 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20dev%20summit%202019'> chrome dev summit 2019 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20developer'> chrome developer </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20Developer%20Center'> Chrome Developer Center </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20developer%20summit'> chrome developer summit </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20devtools'> chrome devtools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20extension'> Chrome extension </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20extensions'> chrome extensions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20Frame'> Chrome Frame </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20lite'> Chrome lite </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20on%20Android'> Chrome on Android </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20on%20ios'> chrome on ios </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20on%20Mac'> Chrome on Mac </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome%20OS'> Chrome OS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20privacy'> chrome privacy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20releases'> chrome releases </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20security'> chrome security </a> <span dir='ltr'> 10 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome%20web%20store'> chrome web store </a> <span dir='ltr'> 32 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromedevtools'> chromedevtools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromeframe'> chromeframe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromeos'> chromeos </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromeos.dev'> chromeos.dev </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chromium'> chromium </a> <span dir='ltr'> 9 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cloud%20print'> cloud print </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/coalition'> coalition </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/coalition%20for%20better%20ads'> coalition for better ads </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/contact%20picker'> contact picker </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/content%20indexing'> content indexing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cookies'> cookies </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/core%20web%20vitals'> core web vitals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/csrf'> csrf </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/css'> css </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/cumulative%20layout%20shift'> cumulative layout shift </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/custom%20tabs'> custom tabs </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/dart'> dart </a> <span dir='ltr'> 8 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/dashboard'> dashboard </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Data%20Saver'> Data Saver </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Data%20saver%20desktop%20extension'> Data saver desktop extension </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/day%202'> day 2 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/deceptive%20installation'> deceptive installation </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/declarative%20net%20request%20api'> declarative net request api </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/design'> design </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/developer%20dashboard'> developer dashboard </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Developer%20Program%20Policy'> Developer Program Policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/developer%20website'> developer website </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/devtools'> devtools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 13 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/digital%20event'> digital event </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/discoverability'> discoverability </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/DNS-over-HTTPS'> DNS-over-HTTPS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/DoH'> DoH </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/emoji'> emoji </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/emscriptem'> emscriptem </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/enterprise'> enterprise </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/extensions'> extensions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 27 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Fast%20badging'> Fast badging </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/faster%20web'> faster web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/features'> features </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/feedback'> feedback </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/field%20data'> field data </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/first%20input%20delay'> first input delay </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Follow'> Follow </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/fonts'> fonts </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/form%20controls'> form controls </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/frameworks'> frameworks </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/fugu'> fugu </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/fund'> fund </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/funding'> funding </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/gdd'> gdd </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20earth'> google earth </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20event'> google event </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20io%202019'> google io 2019 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20web%20developer'> google web developer </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/googlechrome'> googlechrome </a> <span dir='ltr'> 12 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/harmful%20ads'> harmful ads </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/html5'> html5 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 11 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/HTTP%2F3'> HTTP/3 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/HTTPS'> HTTPS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/iframes'> iframes </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/images'> images </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/incognito'> incognito </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/insecure%20forms'> insecure forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/intent%20to%20explain'> intent to explain </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios'> ios </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios%20Chrome'> ios Chrome </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/issue%20tracker'> issue tracker </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/jank'> jank </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/javascript'> javascript </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lab%20data'> lab data </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/labelling'> labelling </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/largest%20contentful%20paint'> largest contentful paint </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/launch'> launch </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lazy-loading'> lazy-loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lighthouse'> lighthouse </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/linux'> linux </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20Mode'> Lite Mode </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20pages'> Lite pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20interventions'> loading interventions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20optimizations'> loading optimizations </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lock%20icon'> lock icon </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/long-tail'> long-tail </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mac'> mac </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/manifest%20v3'> manifest v3 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/metrics'> metrics </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/microsoft%20edge'> microsoft edge </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mixed%20forms'> mixed forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mobile'> mobile </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/na'> na </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20client'> native client </a> <span dir='ltr'> 8 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20file%20system'> native file system </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/New%20Features'> New Features </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/notifications'> notifications </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/octane'> octane </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/open%20web'> open web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/origin%20trials'> origin trials </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeed%20insights'> pagespeed insights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeedinsights'> pagespeedinsights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/passwords'> passwords </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20handler'> payment handler </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20request'> payment request </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payments'> payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance'> performance </a> <span dir='ltr'> 20 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance%20tools'> performance tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permission%20UI'> permission UI </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permissions'> permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/play%20store'> play store </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/portals'> portals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/prefetching'> prefetching </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy'> privacy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy%20sandbox'> privacy sandbox </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/private%20prefetch%20proxy'> private prefetch proxy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/profile%20guided%20optimization'> profile guided optimization </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/progressive%20web%20apps'> progressive web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Project%20Strobe'> Project Strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/protection'> protection </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pwa'> pwa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/QUIC'> QUIC </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/quieter%20permissions'> quieter permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/releases'> releases </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/removals'> removals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/rlz'> rlz </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/root%20program'> root program </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/safe%20browsing'> safe browsing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Secure%20DNS'> Secure DNS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/security'> security </a> <span dir='ltr'> 36 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/site%20isolation'> site isolation </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/slow%20loading'> slow loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/sms%20receiver'> sms receiver </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spam%20policy'> spam policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spdy'> spdy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spectre'> spectre </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/speed'> speed </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ssl'> ssl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/store%20listing'> store listing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/strobe'> strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/subscription%20pages'> subscription pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/suspicious%20site%20reporter%20extension'> suspicious site reporter extension </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TCP'> TCP </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/the%20fast%20and%20the%20curious'> the fast and the curious </a> <span dir='ltr'> 23 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TLS'> TLS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tools'> tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tracing'> tracing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/transparency'> transparency </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/trusted%20web%20activities'> trusted web activities </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/twa'> twa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20agent%20string'> user agent string </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20data%20policy'> user data policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/v8'> v8 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/video'> video </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/wasm'> wasm </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web'> web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20apps'> web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20assembly'> web assembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20developers'> web developers </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20intents'> web intents </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20packaging'> web packaging </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20payments'> web payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20platform'> web platform </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20request%20api'> web request api </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20vitals'> web vitals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev'> web.dev </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev%20live'> web.dev live </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webapi'> webapi </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webassembly'> webassembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webaudio'> webaudio </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webgl'> webgl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 7 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webkit'> webkit </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/WebM'> WebM </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> 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href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/'> 2022 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> 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</li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/'> 2021 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/'> May </a> 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class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/'> 2020 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/'> 2019 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/'> 2018 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> 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class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/'> 2017 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> 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</li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/'> 2016 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/11/'> Nov </a> 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class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/'> 2015 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/'> 2014 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2013/'> 2013 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> 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