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node--promoted node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="hero-section container"> <div class="hero-section__row row"> <div class="hero-section__content hero-section__content_left col-6"> <div class="hero-section__breadcrumbs"> <div class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news">News</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="hero-section__title"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelong-storytitle"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden"><h1>Study reveals genetic clusters that may explain differences in type 2 diabetes risk</h1> </span> </div> </div> <div class="hero-section__description"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelong-storybody"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The clusters point to a range of biological processes that likely contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-section__author"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodelong-storyextra-field-author-custom"> By Brandon Chase, Massachusetts General Hospital Communications </div> </div> <div class="hero-section__date"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelong-storycreated"> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-03-08T10:02:26-05:00" title="Friday, March 8, 2024 - 10:02" class="datetime">March 8, 2024</time> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-section__right col-6"> <div class="hero-section__image"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelong-storyfield-image"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-multiple-content-types-header"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_desktop_xl/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=mMi_sFL7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1921px)" type="image/png" width="754" height="503"/> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_desktop_xl/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=mMi_sFL7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1601px) and (max-width: 1920px)" type="image/png" width="754" height="503"/> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_desktop/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=q4cO4F_z 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1340px) and (max-width: 1600px)" type="image/png" width="736" height="520"/> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_laptop/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=tOiNE3ri 1x" media="all and (min-width: 800px) and (max-width: 1339px)" type="image/png" width="641" height="451"/> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_tablet/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=E5dlQL_R 1x" media="all and (min-width: 540px) and (max-width: 799px)" type="image/png" width="706" height="417"/> <source srcset="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_phone/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=nMg5y5DY 1x" media="all and (max-width: 539px)" type="image/png" width="499" height="294"/> <img loading="eager" src="/files/styles/multiple_ct_header_phone/public/longstory/DNA_Tripple_Orange.png?itok=nMg5y5DY" width="499" height="294" alt="Graphic depicting DNA and people" title="Graphic depicting DNA and people" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </div> <div class="media-caption"> <div class="media-caption__description"> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section container"> <div class="content-section__main"> <div class="block block-better-social-sharing-buttons block-social-sharing-buttons-block"> <div style="display: none"><link rel="preload" href="/modules/contrib/better_social_sharing_buttons/assets/dist/sprites/social-icons--no-color.svg" as="image" type="image/svg+xml" crossorigin="anonymous" /></div> <div class="social-sharing-buttons"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/study-reveals-genetic-clusters-may-explain-differences-type-2-diabetes-risk&title=Study%20reveals%20genetic%20clusters%20that%20may%20explain%20differences%20in%20type%202%20diabetes%20risk" target="_blank" title="Share to Facebook" aria-label="Share to Facebook" class="social-sharing-buttons__button share-facebook" rel="noopener"> <svg width="32px" height="32px" style="border-radius:100%;"> <use 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</div> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/largest-and-most-diverse-genome-wide-association-study-type-2-diabetes-reveals-new-genetic-0">Largest and most diverse genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes reveals new genetic factors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/videos/broad-discovery-series-new-perspectives-diabetes-many-subtypes-type-2">New perspectives on diabetes: the many subtypes of type 2 (video)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The development and progression of type 2 diabetes are affected by numerous biological processes, such as the body’s response to insulin, the health of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and the functioning of metabolic pathways.</p> <p>In a recent study published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02865-3" target="_blank"><em>Nature Medicine</em></a> that analyzed individuals from diverse backgrounds, a team led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard identified various genetic clusters involved in a broad range of biological mechanisms that may help explain ancestry-associated differences in type 2 diabetes clinical presentations.</p> <p>“Type 2 diabetes is a disease of elevated blood sugar impacting approximately one in 10 people in the United States that can cause devastating health complications and is usually not cured. It is currently not fully understood why a given person develops the disease or why there is a lot of variation around clinical features across people with the disease,” said senior author Miriam Udler, director of the MGH Diabetes Genetics Clinic, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and an associate member at Broad.</p> <p>Udler and her colleagues assessed genetic findings from more than 1.4 million individuals across various genetic ancestral backgrounds: African/African American, admixed American, East Asian, European, South Asian, and multi-ancestry. Analyses resulted in a final set of 650 genetic variants that had independent associations with type 2 diabetes and a final list of 110 diabetes-related clinical traits.</p> <p>The scientists’ analyses validated diabetes-associated genetic clusters that they had identified in a previous study. (A genetic cluster is a group of 2 or more genetic regions that are suspected to share a generalized biological function.)</p> <p>The work also uncovered new genetic clusters related to decreased cholesterol levels, abnormal metabolism of bilirubin (which is created when the body breaks down hemoglobin from aged red blood cells), and abnormal lipid processing in fat and liver tissues.</p> <p>In addition to identifying 12 genetic clusters and their biological functions that are associated with type 2 diabetes, the investigators found that the clusters helped to explain some of the dissimilarities in type 2 diabetes among different populations.</p> <p>For example, it is well-documented that individuals from various self-identified non-white populations are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes at a given body mass index.</p> <p>The study’s data suggest that this disparity is at least partially explained by variations in 2 of the clusters that the researchers identified that relate to how the body uses and stores fat—so that individuals with certain variants in these clusters (most often individuals from East Asian populations) face a higher risk of type 2 diabetes at lower body mass index levels than other individuals. This discovery could help clinicians calculate an individual’s target body mass index level based on their genetic profile.</p> <p>“Our study shows that the genetic underpinnings of type 2 diabetes can help explain clinical differences across populations,” said co–lead author Kirk Smith, a computational biologist in MGH’s Center for Genomic Medicine. “Also, the genetic mechanisms of disease that we have identified offer the potential to guide development of curative therapies,” added co–lead author Aaron Deutsch, an instructor in the division of Endocrinology at MGH.</p> <p>Additional authors include Carolyn McGrail, Hyunkyung Kim, Sarah Hsu, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Ravi Mandla, Philip Schroeder, Kenneth Westerman, Lukasz Szczerbinski, Timothy Majarian, Varinderpal Kaur, Alice Williamson, Noah Zaitlen, Melina Claussnitzer, Jose Florez, Alisa Manning, Josep Mercader, and Kyle Gaulton.</p> <p><em>Adapted from an <a href="https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/genetic-clusters-biological-pathways-type-2-diabetes" target="_blank">MGH press release</a></em>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--table-outro paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-paragraph field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--table-outro-row paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-heading field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Funding</p> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>This work was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Doris Duke Foundation, the American Diabetes Association, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--table-outro-row paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-heading field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Paper cited:</p> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Smith K, Deutsch AJ, McGrail C., et al. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02865-3" target="_blank">Multi-ancestry polygenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes</a>. <em>Nature Medicine</em>. Online March 5, 2024. 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