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</button> <ul id="toc-Shipping_containers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_in_the_automotive_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_the_automotive_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Use in the automotive industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_the_automotive_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_packaging_and_containers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_packaging_and_containers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Consumer packaging and containers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_packaging_and_containers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reuse_for_other_purposes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reuse_for_other_purposes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reuse for other purposes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reuse_for_other_purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Justification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reusable packaging</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Packaging designed for reuse</div> <p><b>Reusable packaging</b> is manufactured of durable materials and is specifically designed for multiple trips and extended life. A <i>reusable package</i> or container is "designed for reuse without impairment of its protective function."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <b>returnable</b> is sometimes used interchangeably but it can also include returning packages or components for other than reuse: <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a>, disposal, incineration, etc. Typically, the materials used to make returnable packaging include steel, wood, <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> sheets or other <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> materials.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reusability of <a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a> is an important consideration of the environmental credo of "reduce, <a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">reuse</a>, and recycle". It is also important to the movement toward more <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">sustainable packaging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returnable packaging is encouraged by regulators.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shipping_containers">Shipping containers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Shipping containers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many years, several types of <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">shipping containers</a> have been returnable and reusable. These have made most sense when a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">reverse logistics</a> system is available or can be readily developed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A return, reconditioning, and reuse system can save money on the cost per shipment and can reduce the environmental footprint of the packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manufacturing, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>, has used heavy-duty returnable racks for shipping hoods, fenders, engines, dashboards, etc. from suppliers to final assembly plants. The racks are then returned for the next shipment cycle. </p><p>Bulk foods, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals are often shipped in reusable and returnable containers. These need to be carefully inspected, cleaned and sanitized as part of the reuse cycle. An effective <a href="/wiki/Quality_management_system" title="Quality management system">quality management system</a> is necessary. </p><p>Wooden <a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">pallets</a> are often made to be expendable, for a single shipment. Others are heavy duty and intended for multiple shipments. Some are in "pallet pools" which are used, inspected, and refurbished for extended usage. </p><p>Often reusable industrial shipping containers have <a href="/wiki/Bar_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar code">bar code</a> labels or <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">radio-frequency identification</a> (RFID) chips to help identify and route the containers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keg1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A typical keg (half-barrel) with a single opening in the center of the top end"><img alt="A typical keg (half-barrel) with a single opening in the center of the top end" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Keg1.jpg/90px-Keg1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Keg1.jpg/136px-Keg1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Keg1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A typical keg (half-barrel) with a single opening in the center of the top end</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Industrial compressed gas cylinders"><img alt="Industrial compressed gas cylinders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg/113px-Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg/170px-Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg/226px-Compressed_gas_cylinders.mapp_and_oxygen.triddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Industrial compressed gas cylinders </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drum_(container).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steel drums can be reconditioned and reused"><img alt="Steel drums can be reconditioned and reused" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drum_%28container%29.jpg/97px-Drum_%28container%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drum_%28container%29.jpg/146px-Drum_%28container%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drum_%28container%29.jpg/195px-Drum_%28container%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Steel drums can be reconditioned and reused</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Plastic molded transit case with pre-cut foam interior"><img alt="Plastic molded transit case with pre-cut foam interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG/90px-Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG/135px-Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG/180px-Innerspace_cases_stormcase.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plastic molded transit case with pre-cut foam interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serie_r_klt_6429.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Returnable/reusable plastic tote box, Euro container"><img alt="Returnable/reusable plastic tote box, Euro container" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Serie_r_klt_6429.png/120px-Serie_r_klt_6429.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Serie_r_klt_6429.png/180px-Serie_r_klt_6429.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Serie_r_klt_6429.png/240px-Serie_r_klt_6429.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Returnable/reusable plastic tote box, <a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Container for bulk vegetable oil"><img alt="Container for bulk vegetable oil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg/120px-JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg/180px-JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg/240px-JNR_Vegetable-oil_Container.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Container for bulk vegetable oil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A1210.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heavy-duty reusable wooden pallet"><img alt="Heavy-duty reusable wooden pallet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A1210.jpg/120px-A1210.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A1210.jpg/180px-A1210.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A1210.jpg/240px-A1210.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heavy-duty reusable wooden <a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">pallet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reusable field bins for fruit"><img alt="Reusable field bins for fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG/120px-Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG/180px-Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG/240px-Fruit_field_bin_5180.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reusable field bins for fruit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Versandturm_voll.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stackable plastic containers"><img alt="Stackable plastic containers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Versandturm_voll.jpg/80px-Versandturm_voll.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Versandturm_voll.jpg/120px-Versandturm_voll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Versandturm_voll.jpg/161px-Versandturm_voll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2009" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stackable <a href="/wiki/Plastic_container" title="Plastic container">plastic containers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carrots on display in returnable plastic bins"><img alt="Carrots on display in returnable plastic bins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg/120px-Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg/180px-Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg/240px-Meny_supermarket_grocery_store_T%C3%B8nsberg_Norway_carrots_gulr%C3%B8tter_tilbud_plakat_2017-09-20_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carrots on display in returnable plastic bins</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_the_automotive_industry">Use in the automotive industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use in the automotive industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) use and encourage the use of returnable packaging to move components from their vendors to their factories. The components are placed in returnable packaging and are at times and arranged in a way that facilitates movement straight to assemble lines. Such packaging replaces traditional corrugated cartons, thereby helping companies cut costs by avoiding wastage and effort required in disposing the cartons. It also helps in reducing the environmental footprint of the automotive industry. </p><p>Other advantages of using returnable packaging include avoiding damages to parts in while in transit. Parts are at times placed in specially designed receptacles for easy picking on the assembly line contributing to fewer mistakes and simpler inventory management. </p><p>A few examples of returnable packaging in automotive industry: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reusable_Steel_Cage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Reusable_Steel_Cage.jpg/220px-Reusable_Steel_Cage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Reusable_Steel_Cage.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>A steel cage used as reusable packaging</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg/220px-Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg/330px-Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Wooden_Pallet_Collar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>A wooden pallet collar box</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PP_box.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PP_box.jpg/220px-PP_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/PP_box.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">corrugated plastic</a> box used as reusable packing</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg/220px-Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg/330px-Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Wooden_Pallet_Collar_Folded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a> dividers used to pack automotive components</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumer_packaging_and_containers">Consumer packaging and containers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consumer packaging and containers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></div> <p>Several types of consumer containers have been in reuse systems. <a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reusable bottles</a> for milk, soda, and beer have been part of closed-loop use-return-clean-refill-reuse cycles. <a href="/wiki/Food_storage_container" title="Food storage container">Food storage containers</a> are typically reusable. Thick plastic <a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">water bottles</a> are promoted as an environmental improvement over thin <a href="/wiki/Disposable_product" title="Disposable product">single-use</a> water bottles. Some <a href="/wiki/Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a> can be re-used, though most are disposable. </p><p>Home canning often uses glass <a href="/wiki/Mason_jar" title="Mason jar">mason jars</a> which are often reused several times. </p><p>Many non-food types of <a href="/wiki/Containers" class="mw-redirect" title="Containers">containers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Reusable_shopping_bag" title="Reusable shopping bag">reusable shopping bags</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luggage" class="mw-redirect" title="Luggage">luggage</a>, are designed to be reused by consumers. </p><p>With any <a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">food packaging</a>, proper cleaning and disinfecting between each use is critical to health. </p><p>In September 2019, the UK Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee released a report claiming that the official intervention should encourage more shops to offer refillable options instead of traditional single-use packing.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lots_of_tupperware.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Home storage containers"><img alt="Home storage containers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lots_of_tupperware.jpg/120px-Lots_of_tupperware.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lots_of_tupperware.jpg/180px-Lots_of_tupperware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lots_of_tupperware.jpg/240px-Lots_of_tupperware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Home storage containers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MilkMan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Delivering milk in India in reusable stainless steel containers"><img alt="Delivering milk in India in reusable stainless steel containers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MilkMan.JPG/120px-MilkMan.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MilkMan.JPG/180px-MilkMan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MilkMan.JPG/240px-MilkMan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Delivering milk in India in reusable stainless steel containers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glass_milk_bottles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reusable milk bottles and carrier"><img alt="Reusable milk bottles and carrier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Glass_milk_bottles.jpg/98px-Glass_milk_bottles.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Glass_milk_bottles.jpg/147px-Glass_milk_bottles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Glass_milk_bottles.jpg/197px-Glass_milk_bottles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reusable milk bottles and carrier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GreenBag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reusable shopping bag"><img alt="Reusable shopping bag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/GreenBag.jpg/90px-GreenBag.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/GreenBag.jpg/135px-GreenBag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/GreenBag.jpg/180px-GreenBag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reusable shopping bag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HotRedJam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mason jars for canning"><img alt="Mason jars for canning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/HotRedJam.jpg/85px-HotRedJam.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/HotRedJam.jpg/128px-HotRedJam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/HotRedJam.jpg/171px-HotRedJam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="2979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mason_jar" title="Mason jar">Mason jars</a> for canning</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glass bottles of mineral water in crates"><img alt="Glass bottles of mineral water in crates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg/78px-Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg/117px-Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg/156px-Woda.mineralna.w.skrzynkach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glass bottles of mineral water in crates</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christmas tree ornaments in storage boxes"><img alt="Christmas tree ornaments in storage boxes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg/120px-Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg/180px-Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg/240px-Ornaments_in_Boxes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Christmas tree ornaments in storage boxes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Refill_soap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Refillable liquid soap dispenser"><img alt="Refillable liquid soap dispenser" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Refill_soap.jpg/78px-Refill_soap.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Refill_soap.jpg/117px-Refill_soap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Refill_soap.jpg/156px-Refill_soap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Refillable liquid soap dispenser</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_kilner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flip-top or bail closure on storage jar"><img alt="Flip-top or bail closure on storage jar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_kilner.jpg/120px-French_kilner.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_kilner.jpg/180px-French_kilner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/French_kilner.jpg/240px-French_kilner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="1302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a> or bail closure on storage jar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_grill_20170807.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gass grill with reusable liquefied petroleum gas cylinder"><img alt="Gass grill with reusable liquefied petroleum gas cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gas_grill_20170807.jpg/120px-Gas_grill_20170807.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gas_grill_20170807.jpg/180px-Gas_grill_20170807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gas_grill_20170807.jpg/240px-Gas_grill_20170807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gass grill with reusable <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a> cylinder</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reuse_for_other_purposes">Reuse for other purposes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reuse for other purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></div> <p>Used packages are often reused for purposes other than their primary use. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">single-use</a> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_shopping_bag" title="Plastic shopping bag">plastic shopping bag</a> might be reused as a <a href="/wiki/Bin_bag" title="Bin bag">bin bag</a>, a household storage bag or a dog faeces bag. Steel <a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">drums</a> can be reused as traffic barricades, dock flotation, and as <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">musical instruments</a> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Furniture made from milk crates"><img alt="Furniture made from milk crates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg/120px-Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg/180px-Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg/240px-Milk_Crates_Furniture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Furniture made from <a href="/wiki/Milk_crate" title="Milk crate">milk crates</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pails being reused to carry other items"><img alt="Pails being reused to carry other items" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg/79px-Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg/118px-Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg/157px-Working_old_man_carrying_buckets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="3903" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pails being reused to carry other items</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Architecture with intermodal shipping containers"><img alt="Architecture with intermodal shipping containers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg/120px-Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg/180px-Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg/240px-Cmglee_Container_City_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Architecture with <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_shipping_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermodal shipping container">intermodal shipping containers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend,_Alabama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman sewing chair covers, bedspread, and other things made from cotton flour sacks in Alabama"><img alt="Woman sewing chair covers, bedspread, and other things made from cotton flour sacks in Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg/120px-Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg/180px-Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg/240px-Jorena_Pettway_making_flower_decorations_for_her_home_in_Gee%27s_Bend%2C_Alabama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Woman sewing chair covers, bedspread, and other things made from cotton <a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">flour sacks</a> in Alabama</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Justification">Justification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Justification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reusable packaging often costs more initially and uses more and different materials than single-use packaging. It often requires adding complexity to the distribution system.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all packaging justifies being returnable and reusable. </p><p>A thorough cost analysis is required. This involves all of the material, labor, transport, inspection, refurbishing, cleaning, and management costs. Often these costs may be incurred by different companies with different cost structures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The environmental costs and benefits can also be complex. The material, energy, pollution, etc. needs to be accounted for throughout the entire system. A <a href="/wiki/Life_cycle_assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a> offers a good methodology for this task.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_plastics_processing#Reusable_plastic_containers" title="Economics of plastics processing">Economics of plastics processing § Reusable plastic containers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker-style_pantry_box" title="Shaker-style pantry box">Shaker-style pantry box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systainer" title="Systainer">Systainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_mm_cabinetmaking_system" title="32 mm cabinetmaking system">32 mm cabinetmaking system</a>, a standard for shelving</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ASTM" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTM">ASTM</a> D996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSoroka" class="citation book cs1">Soroka, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iopp.org/i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=1"><i>Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology</i></a> (Second ed.). Institute of Packaging Professionals. p. 185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Glossary+of+Packaging+Terminology&rft.pages=185&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Institute+of+Packaging+Professionals&rft.aulast=Soroka&rft.aufirst=W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iopp.org%2Fi4a%2Fpages%2FIndex.cfm%3FpageID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoelhoCoronaten_KloosterWorrell2020" class="citation journal cs1">Coelho, Patricia Megale; Corona, Blanca; ten Klooster, Roland; Worrell, Ernst (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rcrx.2020.100037">"Sustainability of reusable packaging–Current situation and trends"</a>. <i>Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X</i>. <b>6</b>: 100037. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rcrx.2020.100037">10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100037</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resources%2C+Conservation+%26+Recycling%3A+X&rft.atitle=Sustainability+of+reusable+packaging%E2%80%93Current+situation+and+trends&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=100037&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.rcrx.2020.100037&rft.aulast=Coelho&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Megale&rft.au=Corona%2C+Blanca&rft.au=ten+Klooster%2C+Roland&rft.au=Worrell%2C+Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.rcrx.2020.100037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/smm/web-academy/2012/pdfs/smm812_Lehrer.pdf"><i>Use Reusables: Fundamentals of Reusable Transport Packaging</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Use+Reusables%3A+Fundamentals+of+Reusable+Transport+Packaging&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fwastes%2Fconserve%2Fsmm%2Fweb-academy%2F2012%2Fpdfs%2Fsmm812_Lehrer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolding2004" class="citation cs2">Golding, A (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/packaging/reuse_main.pdf"><i>Reuse of Primary Packaging</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Contract B4-3040/98/000180/MAR/E3, European Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reuse+of+Primary+Packaging&rft.series=Contract+B4-3040%2F98%2F000180%2FMAR%2FE3&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenvironment%2Fwaste%2Fstudies%2Fpackaging%2Freuse_main.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwede2009" class="citation cs2">Twede, D (2009), "Logistical/Distribution Packaging", in Yam, K L (ed.), <i>Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology</i>, Wiley, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6"><bdi>978-0-470-08704-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Logistical%2FDistribution+Packaging&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Packaging+Technology&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-470-08704-6&rft.aulast=Twede&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst_&_Young_Accountants2014" class="citation cs2">Ernst & Young Accountants (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reusablepackaging.org/wp-content/uploads/Life-Cycle-Analysis-Report-2014.pdf"><i>Life Cycle Assessment of Newly Manufactured and Reconditioned Industrial Packaging</i></a> 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"Supply Chain Issues in Reusable Packaging". <i>Journal of Marketing Channels</i>. <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">7–</span>26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2FJ049v12n01_02">10.1300/J049v12n01_02</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153350817">153350817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marketing+Channels&rft.atitle=Supply+Chain+Issues+in+Reusable+Packaging&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ049v12n01_02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153350817%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Twede&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomey1995" class="citation book cs1">Tomey, R D (1995). "Returnable Packaging Components in Physical Distribution Systems". In Fiedler, R M (ed.). <i>Distribution Packaging Technology</i>. Institute of Packaging Professionals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Returnable+Packaging+Components+in+Physical+Distribution+Systems&rft.btitle=Distribution+Packaging+Technology&rft.pub=Institute+of+Packaging+Professionals&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Tomey&rft.aufirst=R+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarder1996" class="citation book cs1">Harder, MS (1996). "How to Develop a Returnable Pack for Multiple Plant Use". In Fiedler, R M (ed.). <i>The Best of TransPack</i>. Institute of Packaging Professionals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+to+Develop+a+Returnable+Pack+for+Multiple+Plant+Use&rft.btitle=The+Best+of+TransPack&rft.pub=Institute+of+Packaging+Professionals&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Harder&rft.aufirst=MS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMata2001" class="citation journal cs1">Mata, T M (2001). "Life cycle assessment of different reuse percentages for glass beer bottles". <i>International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment</i>. <b>6</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">58–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02978793">10.1007/BF02978793</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111259179">111259179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.atitle=Life+cycle+assessment+of+different+reuse+percentages+for+glass+beer+bottles&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02978793&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A111259179%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mata&rft.aufirst=T+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpitzly1997" class="citation cs2">Spitzly, David (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umich.edu/~nppcpub/research/milkjuice.pdf"><i>Life Cycle Design of Milk and Juice Packaging</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Cycle+Design+of+Milk+and+Juice+Packaging&rft.pub=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Spitzly&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umich.edu%2F~nppcpub%2Fresearch%2Fmilkjuice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghKrasowski,_Singh2011" class="citation cs2">Singh, J; Krasowski, Singh (January 2011), "Life cycle inventory of HDPE bottle-based liquid milk packaging systems", <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>, <b>24</b>: <span class="nowrap">49–</span>60, <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1029.2590">10.1.1.1029.2590</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpts.909">10.1002/pts.909</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6850034">6850034</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Packaging+Technology+and+Science&rft.atitle=Life+cycle+inventory+of+HDPE+bottle-based+liquid+milk+packaging+systems&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.1029.2590%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6850034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpts.909&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Krasowski%2C+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_DoorsselaerFox2000" class="citation cs2">Van Doorsselaer, K; Fox (2000), "Estimation of the energy needs in life cycle analysis of one-way and returnable glass packaging", <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>, <b>12</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">235–</span>239, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1522%28199909%2F10%2912%3A5%3C235%3A%3AAID-PTS474%3E3.0.CO%3B2-W">10.1002/(SICI)1099-1522(199909/10)12:5<235::AID-PTS474>3.0.CO;2-W</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Packaging+Technology+and+Science&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+energy+needs+in+life+cycle+analysis+of+one-way+and+returnable+glass+packaging&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E235-%3C%2Fspan%3E239&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1522%28199909%2F10%2912%3A5%3C235%3A%3AAID-PTS474%3E3.0.CO%3B2-W&rft.aulast=Van+Doorsselaer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Fox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReusable+packaging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books,_general_references"><span id="Books.2C_general_references"></span>Books, general references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_packaging&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books, general references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Design Criteria for Specialized Shipping Containers, US DoD, Mil-Std 648D, 1999, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.chassis-plans.com/PDF/MIL-STD-648D.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li>McKinlay, A. H., "Transport Packaging", Institute of Packaging Professionals, 2004</li> <li>Yam, K.L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6">978-0-470-08704-6</a></li></ul> <p><b>Industry Associations</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palletcentral.com/">National Wooden Pallet and Container Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reusables.org/">Reusable Packaging Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reusablepackaging.org/">Reusable Industrial Packaging Association</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_rage" title="Wrap rage">Wrap rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br />packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br />post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_reduction" title="Source reduction">Source reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Packaging" title="Category:Packaging">Category: Packaging</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recycling703" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recycling" title="Template:Recycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recycling" title="Template talk:Recycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recycling703" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_material" title="Recycling by material">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_recycling" title="Aluminium recycling">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete#Recycling" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_recycling" title="Concrete recycling">Concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Recycling" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_recycling" title="Cotton recycling">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recycling" title="Energy recycling">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum_recycling" title="Gypsum recycling">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_grease" title="Yellow grease">Cooking oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recycling_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/75px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/113px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/150px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_product" title="Recycling by product">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">Appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_oil_recycling" title="Automotive oil recycling">Automotive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">Bottles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_recycling" title="Drug recycling">Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Fluorescent lamp recycling">Fluorescent lamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_recycling" title="Paint recycling">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_disposal" title="Ship disposal">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_recycling" title="Vehicle recycling">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_bin" title="Recycling bin">Bins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_bag" title="Blue bag">Blue bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_box_recycling_system" title="Blue box recycling system">Blue boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_codes" title="Recycling codes">Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerbside_collection" title="Kerbside collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Materials recovery facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_rates_by_country" title="Recycling rates by country">Rate by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Australia" title="Recycling in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Brazil" title="Recycling in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Canada" title="Recycling in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Recycling in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Israel" title="Recycling in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Japan" title="Recycling in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Malaysia" title="Recycling in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Mongolia" title="Recycling in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Recycling in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland#Recycling" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Taiwan" title="Recycling in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Recycling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Recycling in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_States" title="Recycling in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dematerialization_(products)" title="Dematerialization (products)">Dematerialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metabolism" title="Industrial metabolism">Industrial metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">Interchangeable parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">Land recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_flow_analysis" title="Material flow analysis">Material flow analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precycling" title="Precycling">Precycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">Recycling (ecological)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refill_(campaign)" title="Refill (campaign)">Refill (campaign)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repairability" title="Repairability">Repairability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_symbol" title="Recycling symbol">Symbol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Dot_(symbol)" title="Green Dot (symbol)">Green Dot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Urban lumberjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishcycling" title="Wishcycling">Wishcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_cutting" title="Bottle cutting">Bottle cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container-deposit_legislation" title="Container-deposit legislation">Container-deposit legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Dumpster diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_vending_machine" title="Reverse vending machine">Reverse vending machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste management law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling" title="Category:Recycling">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_country" title="Category:Recycling by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_material" title="Category:Recycling by material">by material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_product" 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