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The industry creating a third of the world's waste
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world's waste<!-- --></h1></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7cf5.jpg.webp" alt="Rotor Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Rotor</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="extracting-materials-is-wreaking-havoc-on-the-planet.-could-the-world's-growing-mounds-of-waste-hold-the-key-to-sustainable-construction?" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Extracting materials is wreaking havoc on the planet. Could the world's growing mounds of waste hold the key to sustainable construction?<!-- --></b></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">We now smash, grab and pull <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://circularity-gap.world/2021" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">some 100 billion tonnes of raw material<!-- --></a> out of the fabric of the planet in just a single year. That’s equivalent to destroying two-thirds of the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://weightofstuff.com/how-much-does-mount-everest-weigh/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">mass of Mount Everest<!-- --></a> every 12 months.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Roughly half of the raw materials we extract go into the world’s built environment. Construction creates <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/construction-and-demolition-waste_en" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">an estimated third of the world's overall waste<!-- --></a>, and <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/construction-and-demolition-waste_en" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">at least 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions<!-- --></a>. Compare that to the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-aviation" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">2-3% caused by aviation<!-- --></a>, which people fret far more about. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The "waste" from the consumption of these raw materials is dumped in such vast quantities that its environmental imprint has helped to create a new epoch, <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/29/declare-anthropocene-epoch-experts-urge-geological-congress-human-impact-earth" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">dubbed<!-- --></a> the Anthropocene. Future archaeologists will dig through strata of manufactured detritus to discern how we lived.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">But this stuff that we make and discard today also contains a treasure trove of materials we could be using to our benefit. It's been calculated that <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161017-your-old-phone-is-full-of-precious-metals" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">one tonne of mobile phones contains 300 times more gold<!-- --></a> than a tonne of the best quality gold ore, as well as significant quantities of silver, platinum, palladium and rare earths – all things we scar the earth to get more of by ongoing mining. The vast quantities of copper inside billions of cables worldwide is a far more concentrated source of reusable metal than the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/5/4/36/htm" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">less than 1% in top-grade ore<!-- --></a>. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">This all gives rise to an obvious question – why don't we re-use what we've already extracted, rather than gouging the planet for ever more raw materials? This thought has spurred a growing band of architects and building firms to look at how to re-use the huge range of materials already hiding within our built environment, from concrete and wood to the metallic bounty within electronic waste.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb77hf.jpg.webp" alt="Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser 'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In 2005, Rotterdam-based architecture firm Superuse laid down a marker for a new vision of construction by completing <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tea-after-twelve.com/all-issues/issue-03/issue-03-overview/chapter1/villa-welpeloo-constructed-from-waste-materials/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Villa Welpeloo<!-- --></a>, the world's first contemporary house to be made with a majority of waste construction materials. Steel from old textile machinery and timber from damaged industrial cable reels are among the total 60% of second hand materials used.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Then in 2013, UK architect Duncan Baker-Brown outdid Superuse by using over 90% waste materials to build the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.brighton.ac.uk/research-and-enterprise/feature/brighton-waste-house.aspx" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Brighton Waste House<!-- --></a>. Baker-Brown combined various different materials from used denim to plastic DVD cases and discarded toothbrushes to make the wall cavity insulation, and old bicycle inner tubes to provide sound and impact floor insulation. Around 10 tonnes of chalky soil destined for landfill was diverted to create rammed earth walls, while used carpet tiles rescued from an office provided exterior cladding.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"The waste house is a 'live' research project that gets people thinking where materials come from and where they end up," says Baker-Brown. He has laid out a blueprint for a new way of minimal waste construction in his 2017 book <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ribabooks.com/The-Re-Use-Atlas-A-Designers-Guide-Towards-a-Circular-Economy_9781859466445" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Re-Use Atlas<!-- --></a>, and teaches its principles to a rising generation of architects and builders at the University of Brighton’s architecture school. He offers a simple but powerful redefinition of waste as being "just useful things in the wrong place".<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">While these ideas would be included under the "circular economy" banner, Baker-Brown uses a more striking phrase: he calls for the need to "mine the Anthropocene" rather than dig up new material. "We need to become ‘urban miners’ and re-work [or] re-use previously made buildings, components, and material sources, " he wrote in a rallying call to action published in <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ribaj.com%2Fintelligence%2Fsustainability-circular-economy-construction-reusing-recyling-duncan-baker-brown&data=04|01||9c199b178f604472d18308d9790942d3|84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa|1|0|637673902967833152|Unknown|TWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D|1000&sdata=gRaoV5iPL%2FAb3AVp%2Bd1nbgG%2BMuNe5XLCUI%2FmoIJXd9Y%3D&reserved=0" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the Royal Institute of British Architects Journal in 2019<!-- --></a>.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">"Why don't we re-use what we've already extracted, rather than gouging the planet for ever more raw materials?"</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Baker-Brown is currently completing <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.dezeen.com/2021/03/30/glyndebourne-croquet-pavilion-opera-house-bakerbrown-studio/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">a pavilion for the world-famous Glyndebourne Opera<!-- --></a> in Sussex, the UK, built from waste products including oyster shells, champagne corks and "reject" underfired brick from a nearby brickworks. Crucially, he is also using these materials in a way that facilitates any later deconstruction – such as joining elements with bolts rather than glue – to create what he calls "a material store for the future". <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The idea of designing buildings specifically with re-use in mind has acquired the tag "design for deconstruction". The 2012 <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://seaoo.starchapter.com/downloads/BED/construction_for_deconstruction.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Olympics showed these ideas in action through the construction of temporary accommodation for 17,000 athletes in London.<!-- --></a> This used buildings designed to be refashioned afterwards into sustainable homes for locals, thanks to things like full-storey partition walls that could be moved easily into new configurations. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">However, those seeking to mine the Anthropocene have to work largely with existing buildings that were not designed for de- or re-construction. Dutch firm Maurer United Architects has responded to this challenge by building 125 new social housing units using over 90% of recycled materials from old adjacent blocks of flats on the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1577598/superlocal-estate-kerkrade-netherlands" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Superlocal Estate<!-- --></a> in the Dutch town of Kerkrade.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Giant concrete floor sections were cut and lifted from the old buildings and set down to provide frameworks for the new homes, while leftover concrete was ground on site for re-use, an approach the firm's founder Mark Maurer called "smart demolition".<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7hzv.jpg.webp" alt="Duncan Baker-Brown This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Duncan Baker-Brown</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">A key to successfully mining the Anthropocene for our future built environment is working out ways to re-use existing materials in myriad forms. Folke Köbberling, a professor of architecture-related art at Technical University Braunschweig in Germany, has spent years honing ways to re-use materials. "Using found material is different to working with brand new materials, " she says. "These materials have a story. We look for materials and try to use them as they come in a very flexible way."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">One example is <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="http://www.wysingartscentre.org/archive/residencies/folke_koebberling_and_martin_kaltwasser_amphis/2008" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the amphitheatre<!-- --></a> she and colleague Martin Kaltwasser constructed in 2008 at the Wysing Arts Centre just outside Cambridge in the UK. Made primarily from 400 wooden pallets rescued from local construction sites, it also features windows from old glasshouses and teak floors repurposed from discarded Cambridge University shelves. Built for a total cost of just €5,000 (£4,270/$5,660) the building was envisaged to provide a distinctive arts venue for two years before being taken apart to re-use its materials elsewhere. But it is still going strong. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Köbberling has also found that discarded raw sheep wool acts as superb wall insulation and pollution filter, and has turned thousands of plastic bottles and cups discarded at the Berlin Marathon into material for bus shelter roofs.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Connecting the supply of these materials with the demand for components is a key element in the drive to reinvent "waste" as new construction materials. "We have to find a way to create prosperity and added value not by the production of new goods but from the maintenance and management of existing goods," says Michael Ghyoot, co-founder of Brussels-based design firm <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://rotordb.org/en/about-us" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Rotor<!-- --></a>, one of the companies driving efforts to make reuse easier for building professionals.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Rotor has teamed up with other firms across Europe in an <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/fcrbe-facilitating-the-circulation-of-reclaimed-building-elements-in-northwestern-europe/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">EU-funded project <!-- --></a>to build up an online directory which has so far signed up just over 1,000 specialised salvage dealers and allied businesses (the original target of signing up 1,500 was primarily hindered by the global pandemic). It is also creating a pre-demolition tool kit to help businesses assess the re-use potential of materials and products present in buildings slated for demolition or redevelopment.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bb7f2l.jpg.webp" alt="SAM PANTHAKY/AFP via Getty Images Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">SAM PANTHAKY/AFP via Getty Images</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Paris-based Bellastock's remodelling of the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.bellastock.com/projets/tour-montparnasse/#_blank" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">59-storey Montparnasse Tower<!-- --></a> is another example of mining the Anthropocene in action. It is using concrete, glass and steel from the building's facade and interior to help create new levels and spaces, with no recourse to the wastefulness of demolition. The transformed tower is due to complete in time to welcome visitors to the 2024 Paris Olympics.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Mathilde Billet, technical director of reuse at Bellastock and project manager on the Montparnasse Tower de/reconstruction, argues that embedded attitudes in the building sector, rather than practical barriers, are the main hurdle to widespread implementation of re-use principle.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"The hardest thing is to change our way of thinking," she says, adding that awareness raising, training, conferences and simply talking can remove much of this fear of change. "We need to imagine the city as a material bank, conducive to re-use. There are no significant changes. It just takes a little agility and will."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="callout-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC"><section class="sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp"><p class="sc-e11d1f0-3 enuiUn">Carbon Count</p><div class="sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-4 fzKnud"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The emissions from travel it took to report this story were 0kg CO2. The digital emissions from this story are an estimated 1.2g to 3.6g CO2 per page view. <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200131-why-and-how-does-future-planet-count-carbon" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Find out more about how we calculated this figure here<!-- --></a>.<!-- --></p></div></div></div></section></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Ghyoot also points out that the process of making existing materials ready for re-use creates an array of new jobs. "This activity is labour intensive: [it requires things like] cleaning the edges of a marble slab, removing mortar from tiles, rewiring old electrical appliances – and documenting all the materials."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">For Billet, the principles which underpin the mining of the Anthropocene also chime with ancient practice, be it the once common re-use of old building stones over centuries or the constant reconstruction of large mud edifices in a country like Mali. "Re-use calls for ancestral know-how, " she says. "This know-how exists almost everywhere on the planet but it is slowly dying." The alarming situation we find ourselves in means must we return to a more frugal architecture, she says: "an architecture built with the material of the place it is located".<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_6" id="dotcom-mid_6" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Far from being something that flies in the face of practical economics, <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/The-Circular-Economy-and-Benefits-for-Society.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">a 2020 analysis of five EU countries by the Club of Rome<!-- --></a> found shifting to a more circular economy would reduce their carbon emissions by two-thirds while providing over a million new jobs.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">What really makes little economic or environmental sense is continuing to gouge out billions of tonnes of virgin raw material from the planet.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">--<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="join-one-million-future-fans-by-liking-us-on" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Join one million Future fans by liking us on <!-- --></i><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/BBCFuture/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="facebook" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Facebook<!-- --></i></a><i id=",-or-follow-us-on" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">, or follow us on <!-- --></i><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/BBC_Future" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="twitter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Twitter<!-- --></i></a><i id="or" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> or<!-- --></i><b id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf"><i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> <!-- --></i></b><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/bbcfuture_official/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="instagram" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Instagram<!-- --></i></a><i id="." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">.<!-- --></i></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="if-you-liked-this-story," class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">If you liked this story, <!-- --></i><a target="_self" href="http://pages.emails.bbc.com/subscribe/?ocid=fut.bbc.email.we.email-signup" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="sign-up-for-the-weekly-bbc.com-features-newsletter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter<!-- --></i></a><i id=",-called-"the-essential-list".-a-handpicked-selection-of-stories-from-bbc-future,-culture,-worklife,-and-travel,-delivered-to-your-inbox-every-friday." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">, called "The Essential List". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife, and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.<!-- --></i></p></div><div data-component="tags" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl"><div class="sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/tags/sustainability" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Sustainability</a></div></div></div></article><aside data-testid="texas-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_name="Watch" data-analytics_group_type="texas-20" data-analytics_group_position="1" data-analytics_group_item_count="20" data-analytics_group_link="" class="sc-ba42a659-1 cYqRar"><div data-testid="texas-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="texas-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 cZNAZj"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="texas-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gtFsyR">Watch<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="texas-grid" class="sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j1vz5q/measuring-air-pollution-in-paris-ahead-of-the-olympics" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j396nv.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j396nv.jpg.webp" alt="How a hot air balloon measures air pollution in Paris" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Measuring air pollution in Paris ahead of the Olympics<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Former Paralympian Steve Brown visits Paris ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">13 Jun 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Sustainability</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k64y6d/how-17-wild-new-york-turkeys-took-over-vermont" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k6gwc3.jpg.webp" alt="How 17 wild New York turkeys took over Vermont" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">How 17 wild New York turkeys took over Vermont<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Wildlife biologists released a few wild turkeys in Vermont in 1969. There's now a thriving population of 45,000.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">2 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Future Planet</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k39n0m/jennifer-lopez-explains-why-she-cancelled-her-tour" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3b2lx.jpg.webp" alt="Jennifer Lopez on fan reaction to cancelling her tour" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Jennifer Lopez explains why she cancelled her tour<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Jennifer Lopez explains why she cancelled her tour, and is surprised by a fan in the studio.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">19 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Music</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k6b0kn/investors-wary-of-incoming-administration-22-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k6b4gh.jpg.webp 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data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">As US shares lock in a week of gains, investors are keeping an eye out for the new administration's policies.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">19 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Opening Bell</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k68s2t/exploring-japan-s-ancient-tradition-of-lacquerware" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k68yvg.jpg.webp" alt="Exploring Japan's ancient tradition of lacquerware" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Exploring Japan's ancient tradition of lacquerware<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Find out how Japan's renowned Wajima-nuri lacquerware is crafted through more than 100 intricate steps.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">22 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Culture & Experiences</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5j9m2/how-an-arctic-archipelago-is-moving-towards-clean-energy" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 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class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">How an Arctic archipelago is moving towards clean energy<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Svalbard, a warming Arctic archipelego, begins a shift from coal to clean energy solutions.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">1 day ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Innovation</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k63b8z/labour-data-suggest-no-rate-cut-next-month-21-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k63ktn.jpg.webp" alt="Labour data suggest no rate cut next month" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Labour data suggest 'no rate cut next month' - 21 Nov 2024<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Analyst says Fed is unlikely to cut rates in December as the US weekly jobless claims hit a seven-month low.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span 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icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Japan to build the world's most powerful supercomputer<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Japan's zeta-class supercomputer will be 1,000 times faster than existing systems, but what will it be used for?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">2 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Innovation</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k163gf/the-benefits-of-being-a-weekend-warrior-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5wxb3.jpg.webp" alt="The upsides of being a 'weekend warrior'" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The benefits of being a 'weekend warrior'<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Why cramming exercise into one or two days in the week has its benefits.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">2 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Health Decoded</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5v86s/trump-unlikely-to-make-risky-treasury-pick-20-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5vpqp.jpg.webp" alt="Trump 'won't make risky Treasury pick'" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Trump 'unlikely to make risky Treasury pick' - 20 Nov 2024<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Expert says that Donald Trump will want to bring someone in as Treasury Secretary who can balance the budget.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Opening Bell</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5mjcx/inside-japan-s-speedy-shinkansen-bullet-train" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp" alt="Inside Japan's speedy Shinkansen bullet train" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Inside Japan's speedy Shinkansen bullet train<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Celebrating its 60th anniversary, Japan's Shinkansen remains a global symbol of speed and innovation.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Innovation</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5ln11/walmart-on-track-for-best-year-in-decades-19-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5lplc.jpg.webp" alt="Walmart on track for best year in 2+ decades" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Walmart on track for 'best year in decades' - 19 Nov 2024<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Walmart has had a strong quarter, but the looming tariffs under the Trump administration could hurt consumers.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">4 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Opening Bell</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5bb5w/why-nudity-is-a-rule-in-japan-s-traditional-onsens" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5hh8z.jpg.webp" alt="Why nudity is a rule in Japan's traditional onsens" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Why nudity is a rule in Japan's traditional onsens<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Japan's popular hot spring baths come with a unique requirement, full nudity for anyone entering the onsen.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">4 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Culture & Experiences</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5ffmt/tiny-but-mighty-robots-the-size-of-a-grain-of-rice" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp" alt="Tiny but mighty: Robots the size of a grain of rice" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Tiny but mighty: Robots the size of a grain of rice<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Scientists in Singapore have created robots that can be used for targeted drug delivery inside the human body.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Innovation</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k48q8k/how-madeira-is-balancing-natural-beauty-and-tourism-boom" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5dsy7.jpg.webp" alt="How Madeira is balancing natural beauty and tourism boom" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">How Madeira is balancing natural beauty and tourism boom<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The BBC's Rajan Datar explores the stunning landscapes and bustling streets of the Portuguese island of Madeira.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Adventures</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k5dcbp/ai-will-transform-travel-says-booking-com-ceo-18-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5dj75.jpg.webp" alt="Booking.com: AI will transform travel" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">AI will transform travel, says Booking.com CEO - 18 Nov 2024<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Online trip planning will eventually be similar to dealing with a human travel agent, says Booking.com CEO.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Opening Bell</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4vx2c/turkey-s-island-of-400-ancient-shipwrecks" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4whj9.jpg.webp" alt="The island of 400 ancient shipwrecks" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Turkey's island of 400 ancient shipwrecks<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A dive into 3,500 years of underwater archeology, sunken cities and Lycian tombs with Prof Hakan Öniz.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">The SpeciaList</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4x9jb/mary-mallon-the-most-dangerous-woman-in-america-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp" alt="Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How Mary Mallon, an Irish cook for New York's elite, became known as the 'most dangerous woman in America'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">6 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4y1h6/who-should-pick-up-the-bill-for-climate-damage-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4yb42.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images 1428235915" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Who should pick up the bill for climate damage?<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Talking about who is responsible for climate destruction is a fraught topic, how do we work out what is fair?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">8 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Climate solutions</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4vwpc/fed-chair-s-comment-makes-rate-cut-uncertain-15-nov-2024" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4vywr.jpg.webp" alt="Powell 'hedging bets' against inflation cuts" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Fed chair's comment makes rate cut 'uncertain' - 15 Nov 2024<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A December Fed rate cut is uncertain after Chair Jerome Powell said that interest rates would come down slowly.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">8 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Opening Bell</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div 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All rights reserved. <!-- --><i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> <!-- --></i>The<!-- --><i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC <!-- --></i>is<!-- --><i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<!-- --></i> <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.<!-- --></b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"future\",\"article\",\"20211215-the-buildings-made-from-rubbish\",":{"id":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future/article/20211215-the-buildings-made-from-rubbish","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The industry creating a third of the world's waste","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1639613100000}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"topicUrl":"future/author/norman-miller","blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By Norman Miller","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"By Norman Miller","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"role","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Features correspondent","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Features correspondent","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1639613100000}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Some firms are looking to salvaged material, such as reclaimed bricks, to make new buildings. (Credit: Rotor)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0bb7cf5.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Rotor"}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Extracting materials is wreaking havoc on the planet. Could the world's growing mounds of waste hold the key to sustainable construction?","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Extracting materials is wreaking havoc on the planet. Could the world's growing mounds of waste hold the key to sustainable construction?","attributes":["bold"]}}]}}],"bodyIntro":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"We now smash, grab and pull some 100 billion tonnes of raw material out of the fabric of the planet in just a single year. That’s equivalent to destroying two-thirds of the mass of Mount Everest every 12 months.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"We now smash, grab and pull ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"some 100 billion tonnes of raw material","locator":"https://circularity-gap.world/2021","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"some 100 billion tonnes of raw material","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" out of the fabric of the planet in just a single year. That’s equivalent to destroying two-thirds of the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"mass of Mount Everest","locator":"https://weightofstuff.com/how-much-does-mount-everest-weigh/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"mass of Mount Everest","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" every 12 months.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Roughly half of the raw materials we extract go into the world’s built environment. Construction creates an estimated third of the world's overall waste, and at least 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions. Compare that to the 2-3% caused by aviation, which people fret far more about. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Roughly half of the raw materials we extract go into the world’s built environment. Construction creates ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"an estimated third of the world's overall waste","locator":"https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/construction-and-demolition-waste_en","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"an estimated third of the world's overall waste","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"at least 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions","locator":"https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/construction-and-demolition-waste_en","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"at least 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". Compare that to the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"2-3% caused by aviation","locator":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-aviation","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"2-3% caused by aviation","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", which people fret far more about. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The \"waste\" from the consumption of these raw materials is dumped in such vast quantities that its environmental imprint has helped to create a new epoch, dubbed the Anthropocene. Future archaeologists will dig through strata of manufactured detritus to discern how we lived.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The \"waste\" from the consumption of these raw materials is dumped in such vast quantities that its environmental imprint has helped to create a new epoch, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"dubbed","locator":"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/29/declare-anthropocene-epoch-experts-urge-geological-congress-human-impact-earth","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"dubbed","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" the Anthropocene. Future archaeologists will dig through strata of manufactured detritus to discern how we lived.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But this stuff that we make and discard today also contains a treasure trove of materials we could be using to our benefit. It's been calculated that one tonne of mobile phones contains 300 times more gold than a tonne of the best quality gold ore, as well as significant quantities of silver, platinum, palladium and rare earths – all things we scar the earth to get more of by ongoing mining. The vast quantities of copper inside billions of cables worldwide is a far more concentrated source of reusable metal than the less than 1% in top-grade ore. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But this stuff that we make and discard today also contains a treasure trove of materials we could be using to our benefit. It's been calculated that ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"one tonne of mobile phones contains 300 times more gold","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161017-your-old-phone-is-full-of-precious-metals","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"one tonne of mobile phones contains 300 times more gold","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" than a tonne of the best quality gold ore, as well as significant quantities of silver, platinum, palladium and rare earths – all things we scar the earth to get more of by ongoing mining. The vast quantities of copper inside billions of cables worldwide is a far more concentrated source of reusable metal than the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"less than 1% in top-grade ore","locator":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/5/4/36/htm","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"less than 1% in top-grade ore","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This all gives rise to an obvious question – why don't we re-use what we've already extracted, rather than gouging the planet for ever more raw materials? This thought has spurred a growing band of architects and building firms to look at how to re-use the huge range of materials already hiding within our built environment, from concrete and wood to the metallic bounty within electronic waste.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This all gives rise to an obvious question – why don't we re-use what we've already extracted, rather than gouging the planet for ever more raw materials? This thought has spurred a growing band of architects and building firms to look at how to re-use the huge range of materials already hiding within our built environment, from concrete and wood to the metallic bounty within electronic waste.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"'Waste' plastic cups are being turned into bus shelter roofs in Italy (Credit: Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0bb77hf.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Folke Kobberling/Martin Kaltwasser"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In 2005, Rotterdam-based architecture firm Superuse laid down a marker for a new vision of construction by completing Villa Welpeloo, the world's first contemporary house to be made with a majority of waste construction materials. Steel from old textile machinery and timber from damaged industrial cable reels are among the total 60% of second hand materials used.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In 2005, Rotterdam-based architecture firm Superuse laid down a marker for a new vision of construction by completing ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Villa Welpeloo","locator":"http://www.tea-after-twelve.com/all-issues/issue-03/issue-03-overview/chapter1/villa-welpeloo-constructed-from-waste-materials/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Villa Welpeloo","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", the world's first contemporary house to be made with a majority of waste construction materials. Steel from old textile machinery and timber from damaged industrial cable reels are among the total 60% of second hand materials used.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Then in 2013, UK architect Duncan Baker-Brown outdid Superuse by using over 90% waste materials to build the Brighton Waste House. Baker-Brown combined various different materials from used denim to plastic DVD cases and discarded toothbrushes to make the wall cavity insulation, and old bicycle inner tubes to provide sound and impact floor insulation. Around 10 tonnes of chalky soil destined for landfill was diverted to create rammed earth walls, while used carpet tiles rescued from an office provided exterior cladding.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Then in 2013, UK architect Duncan Baker-Brown outdid Superuse by using over 90% waste materials to build the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Brighton Waste House","locator":"https://www.brighton.ac.uk/research-and-enterprise/feature/brighton-waste-house.aspx","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Brighton Waste House","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". Baker-Brown combined various different materials from used denim to plastic DVD cases and discarded toothbrushes to make the wall cavity insulation, and old bicycle inner tubes to provide sound and impact floor insulation. Around 10 tonnes of chalky soil destined for landfill was diverted to create rammed earth walls, while used carpet tiles rescued from an office provided exterior cladding.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The waste house is a 'live' research project that gets people thinking where materials come from and where they end up,\" says Baker-Brown. He has laid out a blueprint for a new way of minimal waste construction in his 2017 book The Re-Use Atlas, and teaches its principles to a rising generation of architects and builders at the University of Brighton’s architecture school. He offers a simple but powerful redefinition of waste as being \"just useful things in the wrong place\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The waste house is a 'live' research project that gets people thinking where materials come from and where they end up,\" says Baker-Brown. He has laid out a blueprint for a new way of minimal waste construction in his 2017 book ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Re-Use Atlas","locator":"https://www.ribabooks.com/The-Re-Use-Atlas-A-Designers-Guide-Towards-a-Circular-Economy_9781859466445","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Re-Use Atlas","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", and teaches its principles to a rising generation of architects and builders at the University of Brighton’s architecture school. He offers a simple but powerful redefinition of waste as being \"just useful things in the wrong place\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"While these ideas would be included under the \"circular economy\" banner, Baker-Brown uses a more striking phrase: he calls for the need to \"mine the Anthropocene\" rather than dig up new material. \"We need to become ‘urban miners’ and re-work [or] re-use previously made buildings, components, and material sources, \" he wrote in a rallying call to action published in the Royal Institute of British Architects Journal in 2019.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"While these ideas would be included under the \"circular economy\" banner, Baker-Brown uses a more striking phrase: he calls for the need to \"mine the Anthropocene\" rather than dig up new material. \"We need to become ‘urban miners’ and re-work [or] re-use previously made buildings, components, and material sources, \" he wrote in a rallying call to action published in ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the Royal Institute of British Architects Journal in 2019","locator":"https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ribaj.com%2Fintelligence%2Fsustainability-circular-economy-construction-reusing-recyling-duncan-baker-brown\u0026data=04|01||9c199b178f604472d18308d9790942d3|84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa|1|0|637673902967833152|Unknown|TWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D|1000\u0026sdata=gRaoV5iPL%2FAb3AVp%2Bd1nbgG%2BMuNe5XLCUI%2FmoIJXd9Y%3D\u0026reserved=0","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the Royal Institute of British Architects Journal in 2019","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"\"Why don't we re-use what we've already extracted, rather than gouging the planet for ever more raw materials?\"","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Baker-Brown is currently completing a pavilion for the world-famous Glyndebourne Opera in Sussex, the UK, built from waste products including oyster shells, champagne corks and \"reject\" underfired brick from a nearby brickworks. Crucially, he is also using these materials in a way that facilitates any later deconstruction – such as joining elements with bolts rather than glue – to create what he calls \"a material store for the future\". ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Baker-Brown is currently completing ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"a pavilion for the world-famous Glyndebourne Opera","locator":"https://www.dezeen.com/2021/03/30/glyndebourne-croquet-pavilion-opera-house-bakerbrown-studio/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"a pavilion for the world-famous Glyndebourne Opera","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in Sussex, the UK, built from waste products including oyster shells, champagne corks and \"reject\" underfired brick from a nearby brickworks. Crucially, he is also using these materials in a way that facilitates any later deconstruction – such as joining elements with bolts rather than glue – to create what he calls \"a material store for the future\". ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The idea of designing buildings specifically with re-use in mind has acquired the tag \"design for deconstruction\". The 2012 Olympics showed these ideas in action through the construction of temporary accommodation for 17,000 athletes in London. This used buildings designed to be refashioned afterwards into sustainable homes for locals, thanks to things like full-storey partition walls that could be moved easily into new configurations. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The idea of designing buildings specifically with re-use in mind has acquired the tag \"design for deconstruction\". The 2012 ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Olympics showed these ideas in action through the construction of temporary accommodation for 17,000 athletes in London.","locator":"https://seaoo.starchapter.com/downloads/BED/construction_for_deconstruction.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Olympics showed these ideas in action through the construction of temporary accommodation for 17,000 athletes in London.","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" This used buildings designed to be refashioned afterwards into sustainable homes for locals, thanks to things like full-storey partition walls that could be moved easily into new configurations. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"However, those seeking to mine the Anthropocene have to work largely with existing buildings that were not designed for de- or re-construction. Dutch firm Maurer United Architects has responded to this challenge by building 125 new social housing units using over 90% of recycled materials from old adjacent blocks of flats on the Superlocal Estate in the Dutch town of Kerkrade.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"However, those seeking to mine the Anthropocene have to work largely with existing buildings that were not designed for de- or re-construction. Dutch firm Maurer United Architects has responded to this challenge by building 125 new social housing units using over 90% of recycled materials from old adjacent blocks of flats on the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Superlocal Estate","locator":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1577598/superlocal-estate-kerkrade-netherlands","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Superlocal Estate","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in the Dutch town of Kerkrade.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_3"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Giant concrete floor sections were cut and lifted from the old buildings and set down to provide frameworks for the new homes, while leftover concrete was ground on site for re-use, an approach the firm's founder Mark Maurer called \"smart demolition\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Giant concrete floor sections were cut and lifted from the old buildings and set down to provide frameworks for the new homes, while leftover concrete was ground on site for re-use, an approach the firm's founder Mark Maurer called \"smart demolition\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This 'waste house' at the University of Brighton was built using over 90% waste materials (Credit: Duncan Baker-Brown)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1280,"width":1280,"locator":"/p0bb7hzv.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Duncan Baker-Brown"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A key to successfully mining the Anthropocene for our future built environment is working out ways to re-use existing materials in myriad forms. Folke Köbberling, a professor of architecture-related art at Technical University Braunschweig in Germany, has spent years honing ways to re-use materials. \"Using found material is different to working with brand new materials, \" she says. \"These materials have a story. We look for materials and try to use them as they come in a very flexible way.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A key to successfully mining the Anthropocene for our future built environment is working out ways to re-use existing materials in myriad forms. Folke Köbberling, a professor of architecture-related art at Technical University Braunschweig in Germany, has spent years honing ways to re-use materials. \"Using found material is different to working with brand new materials, \" she says. \"These materials have a story. We look for materials and try to use them as they come in a very flexible way.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"One example is the amphitheatre she and colleague Martin Kaltwasser constructed in 2008 at the Wysing Arts Centre just outside Cambridge in the UK. Made primarily from 400 wooden pallets rescued from local construction sites, it also features windows from old glasshouses and teak floors repurposed from discarded Cambridge University shelves. Built for a total cost of just €5,000 (£4,270/$5,660) the building was envisaged to provide a distinctive arts venue for two years before being taken apart to re-use its materials elsewhere. But it is still going strong. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"One example is ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the amphitheatre","locator":"http://www.wysingartscentre.org/archive/residencies/folke_koebberling_and_martin_kaltwasser_amphis/2008","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the amphitheatre","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" she and colleague Martin Kaltwasser constructed in 2008 at the Wysing Arts Centre just outside Cambridge in the UK. Made primarily from 400 wooden pallets rescued from local construction sites, it also features windows from old glasshouses and teak floors repurposed from discarded Cambridge University shelves. Built for a total cost of just €5,000 (£4,270/$5,660) the building was envisaged to provide a distinctive arts venue for two years before being taken apart to re-use its materials elsewhere. But it is still going strong. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Köbberling has also found that discarded raw sheep wool acts as superb wall insulation and pollution filter, and has turned thousands of plastic bottles and cups discarded at the Berlin Marathon into material for bus shelter roofs.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Köbberling has also found that discarded raw sheep wool acts as superb wall insulation and pollution filter, and has turned thousands of plastic bottles and cups discarded at the Berlin Marathon into material for bus shelter roofs.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_4"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Connecting the supply of these materials with the demand for components is a key element in the drive to reinvent \"waste\" as new construction materials. \"We have to find a way to create prosperity and added value not by the production of new goods but from the maintenance and management of existing goods,\" says Michael Ghyoot, co-founder of Brussels-based design firm Rotor, one of the companies driving efforts to make reuse easier for building professionals.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Connecting the supply of these materials with the demand for components is a key element in the drive to reinvent \"waste\" as new construction materials. \"We have to find a way to create prosperity and added value not by the production of new goods but from the maintenance and management of existing goods,\" says Michael Ghyoot, co-founder of Brussels-based design firm ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Rotor","locator":"https://rotordb.org/en/about-us","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Rotor","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", one of the companies driving efforts to make reuse easier for building professionals.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Rotor has teamed up with other firms across Europe in an EU-funded project to build up an online directory which has so far signed up just over 1,000 specialised salvage dealers and allied businesses (the original target of signing up 1,500 was primarily hindered by the global pandemic). It is also creating a pre-demolition tool kit to help businesses assess the re-use potential of materials and products present in buildings slated for demolition or redevelopment.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Rotor has teamed up with other firms across Europe in an ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"EU-funded project ","locator":"https://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/fcrbe-facilitating-the-circulation-of-reclaimed-building-elements-in-northwestern-europe/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"EU-funded project ","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"to build up an online directory which has so far signed up just over 1,000 specialised salvage dealers and allied businesses (the original target of signing up 1,500 was primarily hindered by the global pandemic). It is also creating a pre-demolition tool kit to help businesses assess the re-use potential of materials and products present in buildings slated for demolition or redevelopment.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Niyazahmed Shaikh peers through coiled wires made from scrap steel strips in his factory in India (Credit: Sam Panthaky/Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0bb7f2l.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"SAM PANTHAKY/AFP via Getty Images"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Paris-based Bellastock's remodelling of the 59-storey Montparnasse Tower is another example of mining the Anthropocene in action. 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The transformed tower is due to complete in time to welcome visitors to the 2024 Paris Olympics.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mathilde Billet, technical director of reuse at Bellastock and project manager on the Montparnasse Tower de/reconstruction, argues that embedded attitudes in the building sector, rather than practical barriers, are the main hurdle to widespread implementation of re-use principle.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mathilde Billet, technical director of reuse at Bellastock and project manager on the Montparnasse Tower de/reconstruction, argues that embedded attitudes in the building sector, rather than practical barriers, are the main hurdle to widespread implementation of re-use principle.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_5"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The hardest thing is to change our way of thinking,\" she says, adding that awareness raising, training, conferences and simply talking can remove much of this fear of change. \"We need to imagine the city as a material bank, conducive to re-use. There are no significant changes. It just takes a little agility and will.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The hardest thing is to change our way of thinking,\" she says, adding that awareness raising, training, conferences and simply talking can remove much of this fear of change. \"We need to imagine the city as a material bank, conducive to re-use. There are no significant changes. It just takes a little agility and will.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"callout","model":{"title":"Carbon Count","blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The emissions from travel it took to report this story were 0kg CO2. The digital emissions from this story are an estimated 1.2g to 3.6g CO2 per page view. Find out more about how we calculated this figure here.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The emissions from travel it took to report this story were 0kg CO2. The digital emissions from this story are an estimated 1.2g to 3.6g CO2 per page view. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Find out more about how we calculated this figure here","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200131-why-and-how-does-future-planet-count-carbon","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Find out more about how we calculated this figure here","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Ghyoot also points out that the process of making existing materials ready for re-use creates an array of new jobs. \"This activity is labour intensive: [it requires things like] cleaning the edges of a marble slab, removing mortar from tiles, rewiring old electrical appliances – and documenting all the materials.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Ghyoot also points out that the process of making existing materials ready for re-use creates an array of new jobs. \"This activity is labour intensive: [it requires things like] cleaning the edges of a marble slab, removing mortar from tiles, rewiring old electrical appliances – and documenting all the materials.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"For Billet, the principles which underpin the mining of the Anthropocene also chime with ancient practice, be it the once common re-use of old building stones over centuries or the constant reconstruction of large mud edifices in a country like Mali. \"Re-use calls for ancestral know-how, \" she says. \"This know-how exists almost everywhere on the planet but it is slowly dying.\" The alarming situation we find ourselves in means must we return to a more frugal architecture, she says: \"an architecture built with the material of the place it is located\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"For Billet, the principles which underpin the mining of the Anthropocene also chime with ancient practice, be it the once common re-use of old building stones over centuries or the constant reconstruction of large mud edifices in a country like Mali. \"Re-use calls for ancestral know-how, \" she says. \"This know-how exists almost everywhere on the planet but it is slowly dying.\" The alarming situation we find ourselves in means must we return to a more frugal architecture, she says: \"an architecture built with the material of the place it is located\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_6"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Far from being something that flies in the face of practical economics, a 2020 analysis of five EU countries by the Club of Rome found shifting to a more circular economy would reduce their carbon emissions by two-thirds while providing over a million new jobs.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Far from being something that flies in the face of practical economics, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"a 2020 analysis of five EU countries by the Club of Rome","locator":"https://clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/The-Circular-Economy-and-Benefits-for-Society.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"a 2020 analysis of five EU countries by the Club of Rome","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" found shifting to a more circular economy would reduce their carbon emissions by two-thirds while providing over a million new jobs.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"What really makes little economic or environmental sense is continuing to gouge out billions of tonnes of virgin raw material from the planet.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"What really makes little economic or environmental sense is continuing to gouge out billions of tonnes of virgin raw material from the 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A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife, and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If you liked this story, ","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter","locator":"http://pages.emails.bbc.com/subscribe/?ocid=fut.bbc.email.we.email-signup","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter","attributes":["italic"]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", called \"The Essential List\". 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