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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Textile art by Navajo people of the US</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo_rug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Navajo_rug.jpg/170px-Navajo_rug.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Navajo_rug.jpg/255px-Navajo_rug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Navajo_rug.jpg/340px-Navajo_rug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>A contemporary Navajo rug</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief%27s_blanket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket.jpg/220px-Chief%27s_blanket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket.jpg/330px-Chief%27s_blanket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Third phase Chief's blanket, circa 1870–1880</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Navajo weaving</b> (<a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>: <i lang="nv"><span style="font-family: Aboriginal Sans, DejaVu Sans, Calibri, Arial Unicode MS, sans-serif;"><span title="Navajo-language text"><i lang="nv">diyogí</i></span></span></i>) are <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo people</a>, who are based near the <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Navajo textiles are highly regarded and have been sought after as trade items for more than 150 years. Commercial production of handwoven <a href="/wiki/Blanket" title="Blanket">blankets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">rugs</a> has been an important element of the Navajo economy. As one art historian wrote, "Classic Navajo <a href="/wiki/Serape" title="Serape">serapes</a> at their finest equal the delicacy and sophistication of any pre-mechanical <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">loom</a>-woven textile in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navajo textiles were originally utilitarian weavings, including cloaks, dresses, <a href="/wiki/Saddle_blanket" title="Saddle blanket">saddle blankets</a>, and similar items. By the mid-19th century, Navajo wearing blankets were trade items prized by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Great_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains">Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains</a> and neighboring tribes. Toward the end of the 19th century, Navajo weavers began to make rugs for non-Native tourists and for export. </p><p>Earlier Navajo textiles have strong <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometric</a> patterns. They are a flat <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a>-<a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">woven</a> textile produced in a fashion similar to <a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">kilims</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western Asia</a>, but with some notable differences. In Navajo weaving, the slit weave technique common in kilims is not used, and the warp is one continuous length of yarn, not extending beyond the weaving as fringe. Traders from the late 19th and early 20th century encouraged adoption of some kilim motifs into Navajo designs. Textiles with representational imagery are called pictorial. Today, Navajo weavers work in a wide range of styles from geometric abstraction and representationalism to biomorphic abstraction and use a range of natural undyed sheep wool, <a href="/wiki/Natural_dyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural dyes">natural dyes</a>, and commercial dyes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, Navajo blankets were used in a wide variety of garments, including (but not limited to) dresses, saddle blankets, <a href="/wiki/Serape" title="Serape">serapes</a>, night covers, or as a "door" at the entrance of their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST,_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg/220px-NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg/330px-NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg/440px-NAVAJO_WOMEN_WEAVE_A_RUG_AT_THE_HUBBEL_TRADING_POST%2C_FIRST_TRADING_POST_ON_THE_NAVAJO_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544416.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Navajo weavers at work, <a href="/wiki/Hubbell_Trading_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubbell Trading Post">Hubbell Trading Post</a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pueblo_influence">Pueblo influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pueblo influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Navajo may have learned to weave from their <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Indian">Pueblo Indian</a> neighbors when they moved into the Four Corners region possibly around AD 1000 to 1200.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some experts contend that the Navajo were not weavers until after the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-King,_p._82_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King,_p._82-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Navajo obtained <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> through local trade routes before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Spanish</a>, after which time they began to use <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. The Pueblo and Navajo were not generally on friendly terms due to frequent Navajo raids on Pueblo settlements, yet many Pueblo sought refuge with their Navajo neighbors in the late 17th century to evade the <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a>. This social interchange is the probable origin of the distinctive Navajo weaving tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish records show that Navajo people began to herd sheep and weave wool blankets from that time onward.<sup id="cite_ref-King,_p._82_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King,_p._82-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extent of Pueblo influence on Navajo weaving is uncertain. As Wolfgang Haberland notes, "Prehistoric Puebloan textiles were much more elaborate than historic ones, as can be seen in the few remnants recovered archaeologically and in costumed figures in pre-contact kiva murals." Haberland suggests that the absence of surviving colonial-era Pueblo textile examples makes it impossible to do more than conjecture about whether the creative origins of Navajo weaving arose from Navajo culture or were borrowed from the neighboring people.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indianhist_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_records">Early records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg/240px-Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg/360px-Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg/480px-Navajo_winter_hogan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3954" data-file-height="2378" /></a><figcaption>Navajo winter hogan with blanket used as a door, 1880–1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Written records establish the Navajo as fine weavers for at least the last 300 years, beginning with Spanish colonial descriptions of the early 18th century. By 1812, Pedro Piño called the Navajo the best weavers in the province. Few remnants of 18th-century Navajo weaving survive; the most important surviving examples of early Navajo weaving come from Massacre Cave at <a href="/wiki/Canyon_de_Chelly_National_Monument" title="Canyon de Chelly National Monument">Canyon de Chelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. In 1804, a group of Navajo were shot and killed there, where they were seeking refuge from Spanish soldiers. For a hundred years the cave remained untouched due to Navajo taboos until local trader Sam Day entered it and retrieved the textiles. Day separated the collection and sold it to various museums. The majority of Massacre Cave blankets feature plain stripes, but some exhibit the terraces and diamonds characteristic of later Navajo weaving.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wider_commerce">Wider commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wider commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1845_trailmap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1845_trailmap.png/220px-1845_trailmap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1845_trailmap.png/330px-1845_trailmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1845_trailmap.png/440px-1845_trailmap.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Santa Fe trail in 1845</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transition_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Transition_1880.jpg/170px-Transition_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Transition_1880.jpg/255px-Transition_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Transition_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>A transitional blanket, woven circa 1880–1885. The thick handspun yarns and synthetic dyes are typical of pieces made during the transition from blanket weaving to rug weaving, when more weavings were sold to outsiders.</figcaption></figure> <p>Commerce expanded after the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a> opened in 1822, and greater numbers of examples survive. Until 1880, all such textiles were blankets as opposed to rugs. In 1850, these highly prized trade items sold for $50 in gold, a huge sum at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Railroad service reached Navajo lands in the early 1880s and resulted in considerable expansion of the market for Navajo woven goods. According to Kathy M'Closkey of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Windsor" title="University of Windsor">University of Windsor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, "wool production more than doubled between 1890 and 1910, yet textile production escalated more than 800%".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Purchases of manufactured yarn compensated for the deficit in wool production.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal government reports affirmed that this weaving, which was performed almost exclusively by women, was the most profitable Navajo industry during that era.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quality declined in some regards as the weavers attempted to keep up with demand.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, today the average price of a rug is about $8,000. </p><p>Several European-American merchants influenced Navajo weaving during the next decades. The first to advertise Navajo textiles in a catalog was C. N. Cotton in 1894. Cotton encouraged professional production and marketing among his peers and the weavers whose work they handled. Another trader named <a href="/wiki/John_Bradford_Moore" title="John Bradford Moore">John B. Moore</a>, who settled in the <a href="/wiki/Chuska_Mountains" title="Chuska Mountains">Chuska Mountains</a> in 1897 attempted to improve the quality of textiles he traded. He attempted to regulate the cleaning and <a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">dyeing</a> process of artisans who did business with him, and shipped wool intended for higher grade weaving outside the region for factory cleaning. He limited the range of dyes in textiles he traded and refused to deal fabric that had included certain commercially produced yarns. Moore's catalogs identified individual textile pieces rather than illustrating representative styles. He appears to have been instrumental in introducing new motifs to Navajo weaving. Carpets from the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region were popular among <a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo-Americans</a> at that time. Both the Navajo and the Caucasus weavers worked under similar conditions and in similar styles, so it was relatively simple for them to incorporate Caucasus patterns such as an octagonal motif known as a <i>gul</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traders encouraged the locals to weave blankets and rugs into distinct styles. They included "Two Gray Hills" (credited to George Bloomfield,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ed Davies, and local Navajo weavers, are predominantly black and white, with traditional patterns), "Teec Nos Pos" (colorful, with very extensive patterns), "Ganado" (founded by <a href="/wiki/John_Lorenzo_Hubbell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lorenzo Hubbell">John Lorenzo Hubbell</a>), red dominated patterns with black and white, "Crystal" (founded by J. B. Moore), <a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Oriental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">Persian</a> styles (almost always with <a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">natural dyes</a>), "Wide Ruins", "Chinle", banded geometric patterns, "Klagetoh", diamond type patterns, "Red <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">Mesa</a>" and bold diamond patterns. Many of these patterns exhibit a fourfold symmetry, which is thought by Professor <a href="/wiki/Gary_Witherspoon" title="Gary Witherspoon">Gary Witherspoon</a> to embody traditional ideas about harmony or Hozh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large numbers of Navajo continue to weave commercially. Contemporary weavers are more likely to learn the craft from a <a href="/wiki/Dine_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dine College">Dine College</a> course, as opposed to family.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Navajo textiles have suffered commercially from two sets of pressures: extensive investment in pre-1950 examples and price competition from foreign imitations.<sup id="cite_ref-library.utoronto.ca_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library.utoronto.ca-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Navajo rugs command high prices.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg/250px-Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg/375px-Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg/500px-Navajo_people_and_sheep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>A Navajo woman shows the long, dense wool of a Navajo-Churro ewe to a Navajo girl.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wool_and_yarn">Wool and yarn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wool and yarn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Navajo-Churro_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo-Churro sheep">Navajo-Churro sheep</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Loom,_late_19th_century,_02.255.2253.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/220px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/330px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/440px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption><i>Model of Navajo Loom</i>, late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 17th century, the Navajo acquired the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Churra_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Churra (sheep)">Churra</a>, a breed of sheep, from <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Spanish explorers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OK_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OK-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These animals were developed into a unique breed by the Navajo, today called the <a href="/wiki/Navajo-Churro" title="Navajo-Churro">Navajo-Churro</a>. These sheep were well-suited to the climate in Navajo lands, and that produced a useful long-staple wool.<sup id="cite_ref-OK_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OK-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hand-spun wool from these animals was the main source of yarn for Navajo blankets until the 1860s, when the United States government forced the Navajo people to relocate at <a href="/wiki/Bosque_Redondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosque Redondo">Bosque Redondo</a> and seized their livestock. Before their removal, the early weaving practice was such that unprocessed wool was chiefly used to make blankets and which still retained its <a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">lanolin</a> and suint (sweat), and which could repel water, on the one hand, but which left an unpleasant odor to the finished woolen product, on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1869 peace treaty that allowed the Navajo to return to their traditional lands included a $30,000 settlement to replace their livestock. The tribe purchased 14,000 sheep and 1,000 goats.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1870 and 1900, commercially processed, pre-dyed woolen goods were introduced to the Navajo, which they incorporated in their weaving.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mid-19th century Navajo rugs often used a three-ply yarn called <i>Saxony</i>, which refers to high-quality, naturally dyed, silky yarns. Red tones in Navajo rugs of this period come either from <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> or from a raveled cloth known in Spanish as <i>bayeta</i>, which was a woolen manufactured in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. With the arrival of the railroad in the early 1880s, another machine-produced yarn came into use in Navajo weaving: four-ply aniline dyed yarn known as <i>Germantown</i> because the yarn was manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the locally produced yarns for Navajo textile, indiscriminate breeding from 1870 to 1890 caused a steady decline in wool quality. Increasing proportions of brittle <a href="/wiki/Kemp_(wool)" title="Kemp (wool)">kemp</a> can be found in well-preserved examples from the period. In 1903, federal agents attempted to address the problem by introducing <a href="/wiki/Rambouillet_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambouillet (sheep)">Rambouillet</a> rams into the breeding population. The Rambouillet is a French breed that produces good meat and heavy, fine-wool fleeces. The Rambouillet stock were well adapted to the Southwestern climate, but their wool was less suitable to hand spinning. Short-stapled Rambouillet wool has a tight crimp, which makes hand spinning difficult. The higher lanolin content of its wool necessitated significantly more scouring with scarce water before it could be dyed effectively. From 1920 to 1940, when Rambouillet bloodlines dominated the tribe's stock, Navajo rugs have a characteristically curly wool and sometimes a knotted or lumpy appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> created the Southwestern Range and Sheep Breeding Laboratory to address the problems Rambouillet stock had caused for the Navajo economy. Located at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wingate,_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wingate, New Mexico">Fort Wingate, New Mexico</a>, the program's aim was to develop a new sheep bloodline that simulated the wool characteristics of the 19th-century Navajo-Churro stock and would also supply adequate meat. The Fort Wingate researchers collected old Navajo-Churro stock from remote parts of the reservation and hired a weaver to test their experimental wool. Offspring of these experiments were distributed among the Navajo people. <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> interrupted the greater part of this effort when military work resumed at Fort Wingate.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coloration">Coloration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coloration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaving,_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century,_2000.11.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg/220px-Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg/330px-Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg/440px-Weaving%2C_mid_19th_or_early_20th_century%2C_2000.11.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption><i>Weaving</i>, mid-19th or early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the mid-19th century, Navajo weaving coloration was mostly natural brown, white, and <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigo dye was obtained through trade and purchased in lumps.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the century, the palette had expanded to include red, black, green, yellow, and gray which signifies different aspects of the earth as defined by different locations of the reservation. Navajo used indigo to obtain shades from pale blue to near black and mixed it with indigenous yellow dyes such as the rabbit brush (<i><a href="/wiki/Ericameria_nauseosa" title="Ericameria nauseosa">Ericameria nauseosa</a></i>) plant to obtain bright green effects. Red was the most difficult dye to obtain locally. Early Navajo textiles use <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">cochineal</a>, an extract from a <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> beetle, which often made a circuitous trade route through Spain and England on its way to the Navajo. Reds used in Navajo weaving tended to be raveled from imported textiles. The Navajo obtained black dye through <a href="/wiki/Pinyon_pine" title="Pinyon pine">piñon</a> pitch and ashes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After railroad service began in the early 1880s, aniline dyes became available in bright shades of red, orange, green, purple, and yellow. Gaudy "eyedazzler" weaves dominated the final years of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navajo weaving aesthetics underwent rapid change as artisans experimented with the new palette and a new clientele entered the region whose tastes differed from earlier purchasers. During the later years of the 19th century, the Navajo continued to produce earlier styles for traditional customers while they adopted new techniques for a second market.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weaving">Weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajofamilya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Navajofamilya.jpg/240px-Navajofamilya.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Navajofamilya.jpg/360px-Navajofamilya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Navajofamilya.jpg/480px-Navajofamilya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Navajo family with loom. Near Old Fort Defiance, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen print</a> photograph, 1873.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional Navajo weaving used upright looms with no moving parts. Support poles were traditionally constructed of wood; steel pipe is more common today. The artisan sits on the floor during weaving and wraps the finished portion of fabric underneath the loom as it grows. The average weaver takes anywhere from two months to many years to finish a single rug. The size greatly determines the amount of time spent weaving a rug.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratio of <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> to <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> threads had a fine count before the Bosque Redondo internment and declined in the following decades, then rose somewhat to a midrange ratio of five to one for the period 1920–1940. 19th-century warps were colored handspun wool or cotton string, then switched to white handspun wool in the early decades of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_in_Navajo_religion">Position in Navajo religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Position in Navajo religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weaving plays a role in the <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myth</a> of Navajo <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a>, which articulates social relationships and continues to play a role in Navajo culture. According to one aspect of this tradition, a spiritual being called "Spider Woman" instructed the women of the Navajo how to build the first loom from exotic materials including sky, earth, sunrays, <a href="/wiki/Rock_crystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock crystal">rock crystal</a>, and sheet <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a>. Then "Spider Woman" taught the Navajo how to weave on it.<sup id="cite_ref-library.utoronto.ca_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library.utoronto.ca-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this belief traditionally there will be a "mistake" somewhere within the pattern. It is said to prevent the weaver from becoming lost in spider woman's web or pattern. </p><p>Use of traditional motifs sometimes leads to the mistaken notion that these textiles serve a purpose in Navajo religion. Actually these items have no use as prayer rugs or any other ceremonial function, and controversy has existed among the Navajo about the appropriateness of including religious symbolism in items designed for commercial sale. The financial success of purported ceremonial rugs led to their continued production.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weaving_styles_and_designs">Weaving styles and designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Weaving styles and designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1st, 2nd, and 3rd phase Chief Blanket</li> <li>Ganado<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Two Grey Hills<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Red Mesa Outline or Eye Dazzler</li> <li>Teec Nos Pos<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Klagetoh</li> <li>Chinle</li> <li>Crystal<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Burntwater</li> <li>Wide Ruins</li> <li>Storm Pattern</li> <li>Newlands Raised Outline</li> <li>Coal Mine Mesa Raised Outline</li> <li>Yei</li> <li>Yei be Chei</li> <li>Pine Springs</li> <li>Germantown (old and contemporary)</li> <li>Sand Painting or Mother Earth Father Sky</li> <li>Spider rock design</li> <li>Pictorial Rugs</li> <li>Burnham Design</li> <li>Eye Dazzler</li> <li>JB Moore plate rugs</li> <li>Double and Single saddle blankets</li> <li>Diamond Twill</li> <li>Two Faced</li> <li>Blue Canyon</li></ul> <p>Many of these patterns are handed down from one weaver to the next generation of weavers who live within the same area. Because of this tradition older rugs can be traced back to a geographic location where it was produced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_study">Critical study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Critical study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until recently, <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologists</a> have dominated the study of Navajo textiles. Most historic examples of these works belong to <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnological</a> collections rather than <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> collections, which means items have been exhibited and analyzed with an eye toward normative or average works rather than emphasizing technical or artistic excellence. These priorities have artificially inflated the market value for items of inferior craftsmanship. In general, this tendency has affected most non-European art to some degree.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fourth Phase Navajo Chief Blanket"><img alt="Fourth Phase Navajo Chief Blanket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg/313px-Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg/470px-Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg/627px-Fourth_Phase_Navajo_Chief_Blanket_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fourth Phase Navajo Chief Blanket </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manta_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman's fancy manta, circa 1865. "Navajo people believe in beauty all around and, here, this weaver is weaving her version of beauty." —Sierra Ornelas, Navajo weaver"><img alt="Woman's fancy manta, circa 1865. "Navajo people believe in beauty all around and, here, this weaver is weaving her version of beauty." —Sierra Ornelas, Navajo weaver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Manta_1860.jpg/356px-Manta_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Manta_1860.jpg/534px-Manta_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Manta_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Woman's fancy <a href="/wiki/Manta_(dress)" title="Manta (dress)">manta</a>, circa 1865. "Navajo people believe in beauty all around and, here, this weaver is weaving her version of beauty." —<a href="/wiki/Sierra_Teller_Ornelas" title="Sierra Teller Ornelas">Sierra Ornelas</a>, Navajo weaver</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klah_rug.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Klah rug"><img alt="Klah rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Klah_rug.jpg/233px-Klah_rug.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Klah_rug.jpg/350px-Klah_rug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Klah_rug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Klah rug</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:America,_Native_North_American,_Southwest,_Navajo,_Post-Contact,_Early_Peri_-_Rug_(Third-phase_Chief_Blanket_Style,_Germantown_Weaving)_-_1921.565_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="America, Native North American, Southwest, Navajo, Post-Contact, Early Peri - Rug (Third-phase Chief Blanket Style, Germantown Weaving), Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="America, Native North American, Southwest, Navajo, Post-Contact, Early Peri - Rug (Third-phase Chief Blanket Style, Germantown Weaving), Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/America%2C_Native_North_American%2C_Southwest%2C_Navajo%2C_Post-Contact%2C_Early_Peri_-_Rug_%28Third-phase_Chief_Blanket_Style%2C_Germantown_Weaving%29_-_1921.565_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-315px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/America%2C_Native_North_American%2C_Southwest%2C_Navajo%2C_Post-Contact%2C_Early_Peri_-_Rug_%28Third-phase_Chief_Blanket_Style%2C_Germantown_Weaving%29_-_1921.565_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-472px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/America%2C_Native_North_American%2C_Southwest%2C_Navajo%2C_Post-Contact%2C_Early_Peri_-_Rug_%28Third-phase_Chief_Blanket_Style%2C_Germantown_Weaving%29_-_1921.565_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-629px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5069" data-file-height="3869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">America, Native North American, Southwest, Navajo, Post-Contact, Early Peri - Rug (Third-phase Chief Blanket Style, Germantown Weaving), <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket,_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum,_Taos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navajo Third phase wearing blanket, circa 1890-95. Millicent Rogers Museum"><img alt="Navajo Third phase wearing blanket, circa 1890-95. Millicent Rogers Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg/246px-Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg/368px-Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg/491px-Navajo_Third_phase_wearing_blanket%2C_circa_1890-95._Millicent_Rogers_Museum%2C_Taos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navajo Third phase wearing blanket, circa 1890-95. <a href="/wiki/Millicent_Rogers_Museum" title="Millicent Rogers Museum">Millicent Rogers Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 183.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief's blanket, Metropolitan Museum"><img alt="Chief's blanket, Metropolitan Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg/275px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg/412px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg/549px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17954-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3497" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief's blanket, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navajo Storm Rug"><img alt="Navajo Storm Rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg/162px-Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg/243px-Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg/325px-Navajo_Storm_Rug_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1691" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navajo Storm Rug</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serape, Metropolitan Museum"><img alt="Serape, Metropolitan Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg/378px-Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg/567px-Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg/756px-Serape_MET_DP-17950-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Serape, Metropolitan Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ye%27ii_tapestry,_Navajo,_c._1920-1930,_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ye'ii tapestry, Navajo, c. 1920–1930, McNay Art Museum"><img alt="Ye'ii tapestry, Navajo, c. 1920–1930, McNay Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg/374px-Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg/560px-Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg/747px-Ye%27ii_tapestry%2C_Navajo%2C_c._1920-1930%2C_McNay_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ye'ii tapestry, Navajo, c. 1920–1930, <a href="/wiki/McNay_Art_Museum" title="McNay Art Museum">McNay Art Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief's blanket, Metropolitan Museum"><img alt="Chief's blanket, Metropolitan Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg/310px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg/465px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg/620px-Chief%27s_blanket_MET_DP-17955-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3099" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief's blanket, Metropolitan Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navajo,_drappo,_1900-20_ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navajo, drappo, c.1900–1920, Eiteljorg Museum"><img alt="Navajo, drappo, c.1900–1920, Eiteljorg Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg/135px-Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg/202px-Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg/269px-Navajo%2C_drappo%2C_1900-20_ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navajo, drappo, c.1900–1920, <a href="/wiki/Eiteljorg_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiteljorg Museum">Eiteljorg Museum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Teller_Ornelas" title="Barbara Teller Ornelas">Barbara Teller Ornelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilou_Schultz" title="Marilou Schultz">Marilou Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Taugelchee" title="Daisy Taugelchee">Daisy Taugelchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosteen_Klah" title="Hosteen Klah">Hosteen Klah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_trading_posts" title="Navajo trading posts">Navajo trading posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaving (mythology)">Weaving (mythology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heddels.com/2017/04/navajo-blankets-and-rugs/">"The Full History of Navajo Blankets and Rugs"</a>. <i>Heddels</i>. 2017-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heddels&rft.atitle=The+Full+History+of+Navajo+Blankets+and+Rugs&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heddels.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fnavajo-blankets-and-rugs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navajotextiles.com/history.htm">A History of Navajo Rugs and Navajo Blankets</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King,_p._82-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King,_p._82_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King,_p._82_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">King, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haberland, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indianhist-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indianhist_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianterritory.com/pages/brief_history_of_navajo_weaving.htm">A Brief History of Navajo Blankets & Rugs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cathy M'Closkey, "Towards an Understanding of Navajo Aesthetics"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M'Closkey.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405031856/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M%27Closkey.htm">Archived</a> 2013-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 25 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M'Closkey.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M'Closkey.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405031856/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M%27Closkey.htm">Archived</a> 2013-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 25 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 19–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toadlenatradingpost.com/Toadlena_Trading_Post/History_of_Toadlena_Trading_Post/index.html">"History of Toadlena Trading Post"</a>. <i>Toadlena Trading Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toadlena+Trading+Post&rft.atitle=History+of+Toadlena+Trading+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoadlenatradingpost.com%2FToadlena_Trading_Post%2FHistory_of_Toadlena_Trading_Post%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-library.utoronto.ca-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-library.utoronto.ca_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library.utoronto.ca_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M'Closkey.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M'Closkey.htm">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405031856/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M%27Closkey.htm">Archived</a> 2013-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 25 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandra Atchison, "MODERN NAVAJO RUGS: SUBTLE IN ALL BUT PRICE," <i>Business Week</i> 3015 (9/7/87): 118–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OK-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OK_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OK_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123144029/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/navajochurro/index.htm">"Navajo-Churro"</a>. <i>Breeds of Livestock</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University" title="Oklahoma State University">Oklahoma State University</a> Dept. of Animal Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/navajochurro/index.htm">the original</a> on 2009-01-23. <q>Navajo-Churro are descended from the Churra, an ancient Iberian breed. Although secondary to the Merino, the Churra (later corrupted to "Churro" by American frontiersmen) was prized by the Spanish for its remarkable hardiness, adaptability and fecundity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breeds+of+Livestock&rft.atitle=Navajo-Churro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansi.okstate.edu%2Fbreeds%2Fsheep%2Fnavajochurro%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKephart1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Kephart" title="Horace Kephart">Kephart, H.</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/campingwoodcraft0000keph/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Camping and Woodcraft; A Handbook for Vacation Campers and for Travelers in the Wilderness</i></a>. Vol. 1 (18 ed.). New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-149-75236-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-149-75236-4"><bdi>978-1-149-75236-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2191524">2191524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camping+and+Woodcraft%3B+A+Handbook+for+Vacation+Campers+and+for+Travelers+in+the+Wilderness&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=149&rft.edition=18&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2191524&rft.isbn=978-1-149-75236-4&rft.aulast=Kephart&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcampingwoodcraft0000keph%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker1989" class="citation journal cs1">Whitaker, Kathleen (1989). "Art from the Navajo Loom: The William Randolph Hearst Collection". <i>African Arts</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3336729">10.2307/3336729</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3336729">3336729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Arts&rft.atitle=Art+from+the+Navajo+Loom%3A+The+William+Randolph+Hearst+Collection&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3336729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3336729%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 3, 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 13–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, pp. 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haberland, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coyote's Game.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.coyotesgame.com/NArugs.html">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011021653/http://www.coyotesgame.com/NArugs.html">Archived</a> 2007-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 26 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodee, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discovernavajo.com/navajo-arts.aspx">"Navajo Arts"</a>. <i>www.discovernavajo.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.discovernavajo.com&rft.atitle=Navajo+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovernavajo.com%2Fnavajo-arts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavajo+weaving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haberland, p. 118.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nancy J. Blomberg, <i>Navajo Textiles: The William Randolph Hearst Collection</i>, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1988.</li> <li>Lois Essary Jacka, <i>Beyond Tradition: Contemporary Indian Art and Its Evolution</i>, Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland, 1991.</li> <li>Wolfgang Haberland, "Aesthetics in Native American Art" in <i>The Arts of the North American Indian: Native Traditions in Evolution</i>, ed. Paul Anbinder, New York: Philbrook Art Center, 1986.</li> <li>J.C.H. King, "Tradition in Native American Art" in <i>The Arts of the North American Indian: Native Traditions in Evolution</i>, ed. Paul Anbinder, New York: Philbrook Art Center, 1986.</li> <li>Evan M. Maurer, "Determining Quality in Native American Art" in <i>The Arts of the North American Indian: Native Traditions in Evolution</i>, ed. Paul Anbinder, New York: Philbrook Art Center, 1986.</li> <li>Marian E. Rodee, <i>Old Navajo Rugs: Their Development from 1900 to 1940</i>, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983.</li> <li>Stefani Salkeld, <i>Southwest Weaving: A Continuum</i>, San Diego: San Diego Museum of Man, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_and_further_reading">External links and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Navajo_weaving" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weavinginbeauty.com/">Weaving in Beauty</a> – how to identify types of Navajo textiles, weaving classes, articles</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929034846/http://www.gonavajo.com/navajoart/about.asp?s_id=0&undefined">Navajo Nation Arts & Crafts Enterprise</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navajorugrepair.com/navajorug.htm">History of the Navajo Rug</a>, by Navajo Rug Repair Co.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M'Closkey.htm">Towards an Understanding of Navajo Aesthetics, Kathy M’Closkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405031856/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/see/SEED/Vol4-1/M%27Closkey.htm">Archived</a> 2013-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321004415/http://www.statemuseum.arizona.edu/exhibits/navajoweave/index.shtml">Navajo Weaving at the Arizona State Museum: 19th Century Blankets, 20th Century Rugs, 21st Century Views</a> – an illustrated history, with comments from Navajo weavers and museum curators</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/articles/navajo-chiefs-blankets-three-phases/">Navajo chief's blankets: three phases</a>, by Douglas Deihl, appraiser</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibitions.bgc.bard.edu/shapedbytheloom/collection/">Shaped by the Loom: Weaving Worlds in the American Southwest</a> – online exhibit of 250 Navajo weavings from the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interviews_with_individual_contemporary_weavers">Interviews with individual contemporary weavers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Interviews with individual contemporary weavers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarweb.org/iarc/native-american-artist-fellowships/2015-artists/marlowe-katoney/">SAR- Navajo Weaver Marlowe Katoney</a> – Contemporary Navajo weaver Marlowe Katoney talks about his art.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101122417/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/gallery/photo/navajo-spider-woman-melissa-cody-weaves-tradition-and-modernity-150774">Interview with Navajo Weaver Melissa Cody</a> – Contemporary Navajo weaver Melissa Cody discusses her art and current projects.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Nation Council">Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation_Council_Chamber" title="Navajo Nation Council Chamber">Council Chamber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Navajo_Nation" title="President of the Navajo Nation">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Navajo_Nation" title="Vice President of the Navajo Nation">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Navajo_Nation" title="Flag of the Navajo Nation">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Navajo_Nation" title="Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_house_(Navajo_Nation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter house (Navajo Nation)">Chapter houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation_Police" title="Navajo Nation Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Rangers" title="Navajo Rangers">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Navajo" title="Miss Navajo">Miss Navajo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_ethnobotany" title="Navajo ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_dolls" title="Navajo dolls">Navajo dolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo-Churro_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo-Churro sheep">Navajo-Churro sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation_Zoological_and_Botanical_Park" title="Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park">Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81dahoon%C3%AD%C5%82%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Ádahooníłígíí">Ádahooníłígíí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Times" title="Navajo Times">Navajo Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNN" title="KTNN">KTNN Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BC" title="Diné Bahaneʼ">The Emergence</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9tah" title="Dinétah">Dinétah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Navajo pueblitos</a> (1600s–1700s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Wars" title="Navajo Wars">Navajo Wars</a> (1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_of_the_Navajo" title="Long Walk of the Navajo">Long Walk of the Navajo</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bosque_Redondo" title="Treaty of Bosque Redondo">Treaty of Bosque Redondo</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Scouts" title="Navajo Scouts">Navajo Scouts</a> (1873–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Livestock_Reduction" title="Navajo Livestock Reduction">Livestock Reduction</a> (1930s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_talker" title="Code talker">Code talkers</a> (1940s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Unified_School_District" title="Cedar Unified School District">Cedar USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Cone_High_School" title="White Cone High School">White Cone HS</a>, now closed</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Consolidated_Schools" title="Central Consolidated Schools">Central Consolidated (NM)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_High_School" title="Newcomb High School">Newcomb HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiprock_High_School" title="Shiprock High School">Shiprock HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinle_Unified_School_District" title="Chinle Unified School District">Chinle USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinle_High_School" title="Chinle High School">Chinle HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallup-McKinley_County_Schools" title="Gallup-McKinley County Schools">Gallup-McKinley County (NM)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Pine_High_School" title="Navajo Pine High School">Navajo Pine HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohatchi_High_School" title="Tohatchi High School">Tohatchi HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganado_Unified_School_District" title="Ganado Unified School District">Ganado USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganado_High_School_(Arizona)" title="Ganado High School (Arizona)">Ganado HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayenta_Unified_School_District" title="Kayenta Unified School District">Kayenta USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Valley_High_School_(Arizona)" title="Monument Valley High School (Arizona)">Monument Valley HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Municipal_Schools" title="Magdalena Municipal Schools">Magdalena Municipal (NM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Unified_School_District" title="Page Unified School District">Page USD (AZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mesa_Unified_School_District" title="Red Mesa Unified School District">Red Mesa USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mesa_High_School" title="Red Mesa High School">Red Mesa HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Valley/Cove_High_School" title="Red Valley/Cove High School">Red Valley/Cove HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_City_Unified_School_District" title="Tuba City Unified School District">Tuba City USD (AZ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_City_High_School" title="Tuba City High School">Tuba City HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Unified_School_District" title="Winslow Unified School District">Winslow USD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Education" title="Bureau of Indian Education">BIE</a>/Tribal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greyhills_Academy_High_School" title="Greyhills Academy High School">Greyhills Acad HS</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Point_Boarding_School" title="Hunters Point Boarding School">Hunters Point Boarding</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaibeto_Boarding_School" title="Kaibeto Boarding School">Kaibeto Boarding</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leupp_Schools,_Inc." title="Leupp Schools, Inc.">Leupp Schools</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Many_Farms_Community_School" title="Many Farms Community School">Many Farms Community</a> (AZ, former Chinle Boarding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Many_Farms_High_School" title="Many Farms High School">Many Farms HS</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Point_Community_School" title="Rock Point Community School">Rough Point Community</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Rock_Community_School" title="Rough Rock Community School">Rough Rock Community</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonto_Preparatory_School" title="Shonto Preparatory School">Shonto Prep</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_City_Boarding_School" title="Tuba City Boarding School">Tuba City Boarding</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Preparatory_School" title="Navajo Preparatory School">Navajo Prep</a> (off-reservation, NM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_Indian_School" title="St. Michael Indian School">St. Michael Indian School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9_College" title="Diné College">Diné College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9_College_Press" title="Diné College Press">Press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_on_the_Navajo_Nation" title="List of communities on the Navajo Nation">List of communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Textile_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_arts" title="Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Textile_arts" title="Template talk:Textile arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Textile_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Textile_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">Textile arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macramé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">Needlework</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">Knitting</a></li> <li>Layering <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">Appliqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork" title="Patchwork">Patchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A5lebinding" title="Nålebinding">Nålebinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plying" title="Plying">Plying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">Stitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Textile printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpackaull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/110px-Alpackaull.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/165px-Alpackaull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/220px-Alpackaull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing and textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_quilting" title="History of quilting">Quilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_silk" title="History of silk">Silk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution" title="Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution">Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing_by_pre-industrial_methods" title="Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods">Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_textiles" title="African textiles">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_textiles" title="Kongo textiles">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_textiles" title="Kuba textiles">Kuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_fibrecraft" title="Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li>Burmese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheik" title="Acheik">Acheik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_textile_art" title="Hmong textile art">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Textile arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_textiles" title="Andean textiles">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_textiles" title="Mapuche textiles">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Mexico" title="Textiles of Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Oaxaca" title="Textiles of Oaxaca">Oaxacan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_textiles" title="Balinese textiles">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba" title="Textiles of Sumba">Sumba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_fabric_arts" title="Korean fabric arts">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)" title="Blocking (textile arts)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_art" title="Fiber art">Fiber art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art#Wearable_fiber_art" title="Wearable art">wearable fiber art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_fiber_arts" title="Mathematics and fiber arts">Mathematics and fiber arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement" title="Units of textile measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glossaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dyeing_terms" title="Glossary of dyeing terms">Dyeing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms" title="Glossary of sewing terms">Sewing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing" title="Glossary of textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/16px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/24px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/32px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weaving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weaving" title="Template:Weaving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weaving" title="Template talk:Weaving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weaving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg/120px-Swedish_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">Loom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navajo weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)"> Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rugs_and_carpets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rugs_and_carpets" title="Template:Rugs and carpets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rugs_and_carpets" title="Template talk:Rugs and carpets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rugs_and_carpets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rugs and carpets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rugs_and_carpets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Rugs and carpets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_carpet" title="Arabian carpet">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_rug" title="Afghan rug">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaraz_rug" title="Alcaraz rug">Alcaraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani rug">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absheron_carpet_weaving_school" title="Absheron carpet weaving school">Absheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghajly" title="Aghajly">Aghajly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraiolos_rug" title="Arraiolos rug">Arraiolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(carpet)" title="Arran (carpet)">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borchaly_(carpet)" title="Borchaly (carpet)">Borchaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_carpets_and_rugs" title="Caucasian carpets and rugs">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chul_(carpet)" title="Chul (carpet)">Chul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demirchilar_(carpet)" title="Demirchilar (carpet)">Demirchilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja_rugs" title="Ganja rugs">Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasimushaghi_carpets" title="Gasimushaghi carpets">Gasimushaghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_carpets" title="Jek carpets">Jek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_carpet" title="Karabakh carpet">Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">Kilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quba_rugs_and_carpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Quba rugs and carpets">Quba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabalyt_buta_carpet" title="Shabalyt buta carpet">Shabalyt-Buta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shedde" title="Shedde">Shedde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_rugs_and_carpets" title="Bessarabian rugs and carpets">Bessarabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_rug" title="Braided rug">Braided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogne_(rug)" title="Catalogne (rug)">Catalogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobi_rug" title="Chobi rug">Chobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhurrie" title="Dhurrie">Dhurrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flokati_rug" title="Flokati rug">Flokati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_rug" title="Kashmiri rug">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilihan_carpets_and_rugs" title="Lilihan carpets and rugs">Lilihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_carpets" title="Mughal carpets">Mughal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rug" title="Pakistani rug">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petate" title="Petate">Petate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadeh_rug" title="Abadeh rug">Abadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahar_rug" title="Ahar rug">Ahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_rug" title="Arak rug">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_rug" title="Ardabil rug">Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_rug" title="Bakhtiari rug">Bakhtiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakshaish" title="Bakshaish">Bakshaish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidjar_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidjar rug">Bidjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borujerd_rug" title="Borujerd rug">Borujerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbeh" title="Gabbeh">Gabbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriz_rug" title="Heriz rug">Heriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan_rug" title="Isfahan rug">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozan_rug" title="Jozan rug">Jozan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadagh_rug" title="Karadagh rug">Karadagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashan_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashan rug">Kashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmar carpet">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_carpet" title="Kerman carpet">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">Kilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rugs" title="Kurdish rugs">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashhad rug">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nain_rug" title="Nain rug">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom_rug" title="Qom rug">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarouk_Persian_carpets" title="Sarouk Persian carpets">Sarouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraband_rug" title="Seraband rug">Seraband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan_rug" title="Shahsevan rug">Shahsevan rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_rug" title="Shiraz rug">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_rug" title="Tabriz rug">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varamin_carpet" title="Varamin carpet">Varamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_rug" title="Zanjan rug">Zanjan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rya_(rug)" title="Rya (rug)">Rya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_rugs" title="Scandinavian rugs">Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychour_Rugs" title="Seychour Rugs">Seychour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_rug" title="Tibetan rug">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_rug" title="Turkmen rug">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_carpet" title="Uzbek carpet">Uzbek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Julkhyr" title="Uzbek Julkhyr">Uzbek Julkhyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Napramach" title="Uzbek Napramach">Uzbek Napramach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCk_rug" title="Yürük rug">Yürük</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carpets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_carpet" title="Arabian carpet">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_carpet" title="Armenian carpet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axminster_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Axminster carpet">Axminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_carpets_in_Renaissance_painting#Bellini_carpets" title="Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_carpet" title="Berber carpet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergama_carpet" title="Bergama carpet">Bergama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_rugs_and_carpets" title="Bessarabian rugs and carpets">Bessarabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_carpet" title="Bradford carpet">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_carpets_and_rugs" title="Caucasian carpets and rugs">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiprovtsi_kilim" title="Chiprovtsi kilim">Chiprovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crivelli_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Crivelli carpet">Crivelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersari_carpet" title="Ersari carpet">Ersari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitted_carpet" title="Fitted carpet">Fitted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbeh" title="Gabbeh">Gabbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereke_carpet" title="Hereke carpet">Hereke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_carpet" title="Karabakh carpet">Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya_carpets" title="Konya carpets">Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbein_carpet" title="Holbein carpet">Holbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilihan_carpets_and_rugs" title="Lilihan carpets and rugs">Lilihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotto_carpet" title="Lotto carpet">Lotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memling_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Memling carpet">Memling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milas_carpet" title="Milas carpet">Milas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirot_carpet" title="Pirot carpet">Pirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quba_rugs_and_carpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Quba rugs and carpets">Quba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarouk_Persian_carpets" title="Sarouk Persian carpets">Sarouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_carpets_and_rugs" title="Swedish carpets and rugs">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish carpet">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushak_carpet" title="Ushak carpet">Ushak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomut_carpet" title="Yomut carpet">Yomut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Ballard" title="James F. Ballard">James F. Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crossley" title="Francis Crossley">Sir Francis Crossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Erdmann" title="Kurt Erdmann">Kurt Erdmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_T._Gregorian" title="Arthur T. Gregorian">Arthur T. Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshag_Karagheusian" title="Arshag Karagheusian">Arshag Karagheusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latif_Karimov" title="Latif Karimov">Latif Karimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Lessing" title="Julius Lessing">Julius Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hewitt_Myers" title="George Hewitt Myers">George H. Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Upham_Pope" title="Arthur Upham Pope">Arthur Upham Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Riegl" title="Alois Riegl">Alois Riegl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Sarre" title="Friedrich Sarre">Friedrich Sarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Bode" title="Wilhelm von Bode">Wilhelm von Bode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whitty" title="Thomas Whitty">Thomas Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yerkes" title="Charles Yerkes">Charles T. Yerkes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Carpet_Museum" title="Azerbaijan Carpet Museum">Azerbaijan Carpet Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_Museum_of_Iran" title="Carpet Museum of Iran">Carpet Museum of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al_Athar_al_Islamiyyah" title="Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah">Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brukenthal_National_Museum" title="Brukenthal National Museum">Brukenthal National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidderminster_carpet_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidderminster carpet industry">Kidderminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">Mevlana Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miho_Museum" title="Miho Museum">Miho Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts,_Vienna" title="Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna">Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Doha" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Doha">Museum of Islamic Art, Doha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Poldi_Pezzoli" title="Museo Poldi Pezzoli">Museo Poldi Pezzoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Textiles_(Lyon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Textiles (Lyon)">Museum of Textiles (Lyon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Berlin" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin">Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Art_Museum" title="Saint Louis Art Museum">Saint Louis Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_Museum_(George_Washington_University)" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile Museum (George Washington University)">Textile Museum (George Washington University)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_and_Islamic_Arts_Museum" title="Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum">Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Carpet_Museum" title="Turkmen Carpet Museum">Turkmen Carpet Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cleaning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_cleaning" title="Carpet cleaning">Carpet cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_carpet_cleaning" title="Dry carpet cleaning">Dry carpet cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorcloth" title="Floorcloth">Floorcloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_extraction" title="Hot water extraction">Hot water extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truckmount_carpet_cleaner" title="Truckmount carpet cleaner">Truckmount carpet cleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">Vacuum cleaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fabrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frieze_(textile)" title="Frieze (textile)">Frieze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajim" title="Jajim">Jajim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_(fabric)" title="Shag (fabric)">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumak" title="Soumak">Soumak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacture<br />and installation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knotted-pile_carpet" title="Knotted-pile carpet">Ghiordes and Senneh knots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knot_density" title="Knot density">Knot density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_(textile)" title="Pile (textile)">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubia" title="Rubia">Rubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_hooking" title="Rug hooking">Rug hooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tack_strip" title="Tack strip">Tack strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underlay" title="Underlay">Underlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dyes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">Natural dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_dye" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic dye">Synthetic dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubia_tinctorum" title="Rubia tinctorum">Madder (Rubia tinctorum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigofera_tinctoria" title="Indigofera tinctoria">Indigofera tinctoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine">Carmine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cochineal" title="Armenian cochineal">Armenian cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cochineal" title="Polish cochineal">Polish cochineal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_dyes_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpet dyes in Uzbekistan">Dyes in Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Carpet_manufacturing_companies" title="Category:Carpet manufacturing companies">Manufacturers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axminster_Carpets" title="Axminster Carpets">Axminster Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brintons" title="Brintons">Brintons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormar_Carpets" title="Cormar Carpets">Cormar Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilmaghani" title="Dilmaghani">Dilmaghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOBAG_Carpet_Initiative" title="DOBAG Carpet Initiative">DOBAG Carpet Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_%26_M_Karagheusian" title="A & M Karagheusian">A & M Karagheusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonnerie_manufactory" title="Savonnerie manufactory">Savonnerie manufactory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegler_%26_Co." title="Ziegler & Co.">Ziegler & Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carpets in culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_rug" title="Eagle rug">Eagle rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Anatolian_animal_carpets" title="Early Anatolian animal carpets">Early Anatolian animal carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gul_(design)" title="Gul (design)">Gul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilim_motifs" title="Kilim motifs">Kilim motifs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elibelinde" title="Elibelinde">Elibelinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">Evil eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life" title="Tree of life">Tree of life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Magic carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_carpets_in_Renaissance_painting" title="Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting">Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorial_carpet" title="Pictorial carpet">Pictorial carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_carpet" title="Red carpet">Red carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_rugs" title="Transylvanian rugs">Transylvanian rugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_rugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War rugs">War rugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable individual<br /> carpets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Carpet" title="Ardabil Carpet">Ardabil Carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Orphan_Rug" title="Armenian Orphan Rug">Armenian Orphan Rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badding_Rug" title="Badding Rug">Badding Rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharestan_Carpet" title="Baharestan Carpet">Bahar-e Kasra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Carpet" title="Coronation Carpet">Coronation Carpet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&oldid=1254231873">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navajo_weaving&oldid=1254231873</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Navajo_culture" title="Category:Navajo culture">Navajo culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tapestries" title="Category:Tapestries">Tapestries</a></li><li><a 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