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class="panel-body collapse ming-share" id="share"> <a href="mailto:?subject=Citation%20from%20American%20Elements&body=Courtesy%20of%20American%20Elements:%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Email <span class="share-icon mail-16"></span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=via%20%40AmericanElement%3A%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Tweet<span class="share-icon twitter-16"></span></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Facebook<span class="share-icon facebook-16"></span></a></div></div><div class="follow-us" data-parent="#ming"> Follow Us <div id="social"><a class="ming-link social twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content">   <div class="banner">  <h1 class="short">Palladium</h1> <span class="element-item2 transition metal" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">Pd</span><span class="number">46</span><span class="weight">106.42</span></span>  </div>   <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li><a href="#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Palladium</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#products" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="products" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Products</a></li> <li><a href="#properties" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="#safety" id="tab4" role="tab" aria-controls="safety" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="#isotopes" id="tab5" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Palladium</h2> <img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/palladium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Palladium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-left" /><p>Palladium is one of six platinum-group metals, discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1802 as he attempted to process platina deposits into workable <a href="platinum-metal-7440-06-4">platinum metal</a>. He named the new element after the also freshly discovered asteroid Pallas, and he initially made the strange decision to offer it for sale anonymously through distribution of an advertisement in 1803 but later disclosed his discovery officially in a scientific publication.</p> <p>Palladium is similar to other platinum group elements in that it is a silvery metal that is relatively non-reactive, but of the group it has the lowest melting point and is the least dense. In its applications it is most similar to platinum: useful in metallic form for the production of a variety of products and as a catalyst. Palladium catalyzes reactions involved in <a href="oil-gas.html">petroleum cracking</a>, <a href="water-treatment-chemicals.html">water treatment</a>, nitric acid production, and polymer manufacturing, and is found in catalytic converters and <a href="fuel-cell-materials.html">fuel cells</a> as a catalyst. Additionally, palladium is used to increase the rate of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, and serves many specialized catalytic functions in organic chemistry. In fact, the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given for the development of palladium-catalysed reactions used in organic synthesis. As a <a href="palladium-metal-7440-05-3">metal</a>, palladium is used in in <a href="electronics-materials.html">electronics</a> for plating of components, electrical contacts, and <a href="alloys.html">solder</a>, and is also found in jewelry, watches, blood sugar test strips, and <a href="Bio-Medical.html">surgical instruments</a>. Alloyed with <a href="ag.html">silver</a>, palladium is used as electrodes in the production of multilayer <a href="ceramics.html">ceramic</a> capacitors. Finally, a niche use of both platinum and palladium <a href="chemicals.html">salts</a> is in the production of fine-art black and white photographic prints with the platinotype process. </p> <p>Some other uses of palladium rely on chemistry unshared with <a href="pt.html">platinum</a>. Several of these involve useful interactions platinum has with <a href="hh.html">hydrogen</a>. As a gas, hydrogen easily diffuses through heated palladium, and thus palladium is used in the production of high purity hydrogen. Palladium also absorbs hydrogen gas, forming palladium <a href="Hydrides.html">hydride</a>. This property is being researched for insights regarding <a href="Hydrogen-Storage.html">hydrogen storage</a>. <a href="palladium-chloride-7647-10-1">Palladium chloride</a> efficiently oxidizes carbon monoxide, and is used in detectors for the toxic but odorless gas. Additionally, radioactive palladium is under investigation for use in cancer treatment.</p> <p>Like other platinum group metals, palladium is typically obtained for commercial use as a byproduct from <a href="ni.html">nickel</a> and <a href="cu.html">copper</a> mining and processing, but can also be obtained from ores rich in platinum and from alluvial deposits. Along with <a href="ru.html">ruthenium</a> and <a href="rh.html">rhodium</a>, palladium is a decomposition product of <a href="uu.htm">uranium</a> and could theoretically be recovered from spent <a href="nuclear-energy.html">nuclear fuel</a>, but the problems inherent in working with radioactive materials make this an impractical source for the rare element.</p> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="products" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Products</h2> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#compound-products"><span class="panel-title">Compounds</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="compound-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="ammonium-chloropalladate-13820-40-1">Ammonium Chloropalladate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ammonium-hexachloropalladate-iv-19168-23-1">Ammonium Hexachloropalladate(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ammonium-tetrachloropalladate-ii-13820-40-1">Ammonium Tetrachloropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="diamminepalladium-ii-nitrite-14852-83-6">Diamminepalladium(II) Nitrite</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="diamminepalladium-ii-nitrite-solution-28068-05-5">Diamminepalladium(II) Nitrite solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="dichlorodiammine-palladium-14323-43-4">Dichlorodiammine Palladium</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-on-calcium-carbonate-poisoned-with-lead-lindlar-catalyst-53092-86-7">Lindlar Catalyst</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="lithium-tetrachloropalladate-ii-15525-45-8">Lithium Tetrachloropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-acetate-3375-31-3">Palladium Acetate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-acetate-trimer-53189-26-7">Palladium(II) Acetate Trimer</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-acetate-solution-3375-31-3">Palladium Acetate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-benzoate-3375-32-4">Palladium(II) Benzoate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-bromide-13444-94-5">Palladium Bromide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-carbide">Palladium Carbide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-chloride-7647-10-1">Palladium Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-chloride-solution-7647-10-1">Palladium Chloride Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-cyanide-2035-66-7">Palladium(II) Cyanide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-dichloride-7647-10-1">Palladium Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-fluoride-13444-96-7">Palladium Fluoride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-hydroxide-12135-22-7">Palladium Hydroxide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-hydroxide-on-carbon-12135-22-7">Palladium Hydroxide on Carbon</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-iodide-7790-38-7">Palladium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-nitrate-10102-05-3">Palladium Nitrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-nitrate-dihydrate-32916-07-7">Palladium(II) Nitrate Dihydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-nitrate-hydrate-207596-32-5">Palladium(II) Nitrate Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-matrix-modifier-solution-10102-05-3">Palladium Nitrate Matrix Modifier Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-nitrate-magnesium-nitrate-matrix-modifier-solution">Palladium Nitrate-Magnesium Nitrate Matrix Modifier Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-nitrate-solution-10102-05-3">Palladium Nitrate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-oxalate-57592-57-1">Palladium Oxalate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-oxide-1314-08-5">Palladium Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-oxide-hydrate-64109-12-2">Palladium Oxide Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-potassium-thiosulfate-monohydrate-312624-02-5">Palladium(II) Potassium Thiosulfate Monohydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-sulfate-13566-03-5">Palladium Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-ii-sulfate-dihydrate-13444-98-9">Palladium(II) Sulfate Dihydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-sulfate-solution-13566-03-5">Palladium Sulfate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-trans-dichlorodiammine-13782-33-7">Palladium Trans-Dichlorodiammine</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-ii-trifluoroacetate-42196-31-6">Palladium(II) Trifluoroacetate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-hexachloropalladate-iv-16919-73-6">Potassium Chloropalladate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-chloropalladite.html">Potassium Chloropalladite</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-dinitrosulfatopalladate-ii-solution-67859-45-4">Potassium Dinitrosulfatopalladate(II) Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-disulfitopalladate-ii-68310-13-4">Potassium Disulfitopalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-hexachloropalladate-iv-19662-89-6">Potassium Hexachloropalladate(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-tetrabromopalladate-ii-13826-93-2">Potassium Tetrabromopalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-tetrachloropalladate-ii-10025-98-6">Potassium Tetrachloropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-tetracyanopalladate-ii-hydrate-14516-46-2">Potassium Tetracyanopalladate(II) Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="potassium-tetranitropalladate-ii-13844-89-8">Potassium Tetranitropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="royer-palladium-catalyst-7440-05-3">Royer Palladium Catalyst</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-hexachloropalladate-iv-hydrate">Sodium Hexachloropalladate(IV) Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-tetrabromopalladate-ii-50495-13-1">Sodium Tetrabromopalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-tetrachloropalladate-ii-13820-53-6">Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="sodium-tetrachloropalladate-ii-hydrate-13820-53-6">Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II) Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-acetate-61495-96-3">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Acetate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-bromide-44463-62-9">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Bromide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-chloride-monohydrate-13933-31-8">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Chloride Monohydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-dichloride-13815-17-3">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-hydrogencarbonate-134620-00-1">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Hydrogencarbonate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-nitrate-solution-13601-08-6">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Nitrate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-oxalate">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Oxalate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-sulfate-13601-06-4">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="tetraamminepalladium-ii-tetrachloropalladate-ii-13820-44-5">Tetraamminepalladium(II) Tetrachloropalladate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="trans-diamminedibromopalladium-ii-14591-90-3">trans-Diamminedibromopalladium(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="trans-diamminedichloropalladium-ii-13782-33-7">trans-Diamminedichloropalladium(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="trans-diamminedinitropalladium-ii-14409-60-0">trans-Diamminedinitropalladium(II)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#metallic-products"><span class="panel-title">Metallic Forms</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="metallic-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-balls-7440-05-3">Palladium Balls</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-band-7440-05-3">Palladium Bands</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-bars-7440-05-3">Palladium Bars</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-black-7440-05-3">Palladium Black</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-blocks-7440-05-3">Palladium Blocks</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="palladium-chunk-7440-05-3">Palladium Chunk</a></li> <li class="product"> <a 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href="bis-1-2-bis-diphenylphosphino-ethane-palladium-0-31277-98-2">Bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-2-2-6-6-tetramethyl-3-5-heptanedionato-palladium-ii-15214-66-1">Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)palladium(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-3-5-3-5-dimethoxydibenzylideneacetone-palladium-0-811862-77-8">Bis(3,5,3',5'-dimethoxydibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-acetonitrile-dichloropalladium-ii-14592-56-4">Bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-acetonitrile-palladium-ii-p-toluenesulfonate-114757-66-3">Bis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) p-toluenesulfonate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-dibenzylideneacetone-palladium-32005-36-0">Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl-phosphine-palladium-0-1233717-68-4">Bis[di-tert-butyl(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphine]palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-di-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylphenyl-phosphine-palladium-ii-chloride-887919-36-0">Bis[di-(tert-butyl)(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine]palladium(II) Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-di-tert-butyl-phenylphosphine-palladium-0-52359-17-8">Bis(di-tert-butyl-phenylphosphine)palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-ethylenediamine-palladium-ii-dichloride-16483-18-4">Bis(ethylenediamine)palladium(II) Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-tricyclohexylphosphine-palladium-0-33309-88-5">Bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-trimethylsilyl-methyl-1-5-cyclooctadiene-palladium-ii-225931-80-6">Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl](1,5-cyclooctadiene)palladium(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-tri-o-tolylphosphine-palladium-0-69861-71-8">Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium-ii-diacetate-14588-08-0">Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) Diacetate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium-ii-dichloride-13965-03-2">Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-tri-tert-butylphosphine-palladium-0-53199-31-8">Bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-tris-3-1h-1h-2h-2h-perfluorodecyl-phenyl-phosphine-palladium-ii-dichloride-343343-17-9">Bis[tris(3-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)phenyl)phosphine]palladium(II) Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="bis-tris-3-heptadecafluorooctyl-phenyl-phosphine-palladium-ii-dichloride-326475-45-0">Bis[tris(3-(heptadecafluoro octyl)phenyl)phosphine] palladium(II) Dichloride</a></li> <li class="product"> <a 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href="palladium-104-metal-isotope">Palladium-104 Metal Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-105-metal-isotope-15749-57-2">Palladium-105 Metal Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-105-nitrate-isotope-15749-57-2">Palladium-105 Nitrate Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-108-metal-isotope-15749-58-3">Palladium-108 Metal Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="palladium-108-nitrate-isotope-15749-58-3">Palladium-108 Nitrate Isotope</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="openclose"> <div class="openall">+ Open All</div> <div class="closeall">- Close All</div> </div> </div> <div id="products-intro"> <p> Palladium is frequently alloyed with <a href="au.htm">gold</a>, <a href="ag.html">silver</a>, <a href="ir.html">iridium</a> and other platinum group elements for use in jewelry. The <a href="sputtering-targets.html">metal</a> is used in surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Palladium is also an excellent hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalyst and is available in many <a href="organometallics.html">organometallic</a> forms for this purpose. <a href="palladium-oxide-powder-1314-08-5"><img src="palladium-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Palladium Oxide (PdO) Powder" width="128" height="128" class="image-left" /></a>Palladium is available as <a href="metals.html">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">ultra-high purity</a>). Elemental or metallic forms include <a href="palladium-pellets-7440-05-3">pellets</a>, <a href="palladium-rod-7440-05-3">rod</a>, <a href="palladium-wire-7440-05-3">wire</a> and <a href="palladium-granules-7440-05-3">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. <a href="sputtering-targets.html"><img src="palladium-sputtering-target.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Palladium (Pd) Sputtering Target" width="130" height="107" class="image-right" /></a> Palladium <a href="nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html">nanoparticles and nanopowders</a> provide ultra-high surface area. <a href="palladium-oxide-1314-08-5">Palladium oxide</a> is available in <a href="palladium-oxide-powder-1314-08-5">powder</a> and dense <a href="palladium-oxide-pellets-1314-08-5">pellet</a> form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications.<a href="oxides.html"> Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. <a href="palladium-fluoride-13444-96-7">Palladium fluoride</a> is another insoluble palladium source for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Palladium is also available in soluble forms including <a href="chemicals.html">chlorides, nitrates and acetates</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="solutions">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Palladium Properties</h2> <p><img src="palladium-block.png" alt="Palladium(Pd) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" hspace="10" class="image-left" /><strong>Palladium</strong> is a Block D, Group 10, Period 5 element. <img src="palladium-bohr.jpg" alt="Palladium Bohr Model" width="93" height="93" class="image-right" />The number of electrons in each of palladium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18 and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d<sup>10</sup>. The palladium atom has a radius of 137.6.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7440-05-3, palladium has a silvery white appearance. <img src="elemental-palladium.png" alt="Elemental Palladium" width="85" height="85" class="image-left" />Palladium is a member of the <a href="pt.htm">platinum</a> group of metals (along with <a href="pt.htm">platinum</a>, <a href="rh.html">rhodium</a>, <a href="ru.html">ruthenium</a>, <a href="ir.html">iridium</a> and <a href="os.html">osmium</a>). Palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of the group. Palladium can occurs as a natural alloy with other platinum-group metals. Nickel-copper deposits are the main commercial source of palladium. Palladium was first discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1802.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Pd</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>106.42</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>transition metal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>10, 5, d</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery white metallic/ silvery-white</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Palladio</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>1554.9 掳C, 2830.82 掳F, 1828.05 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>2963 掳C, 5365 掳F, 3236 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>12.023 g路cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>10.38 g路cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>12.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>12023 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.24 (kJ/kg K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>1825 K, 3.5 脳 10 3 kPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>17.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>361.5</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>377.4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>71.8 W路m?1路K?1</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(25 掳C) 11.8 碌m·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(20 掳C) 105.4 nΩ路m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>25.98 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>121 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>44 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>180 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>0.39</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>4.75</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>461 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>310 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>(20 掳C) 3070 m路s<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.35</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>1.8</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>72</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>60</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Kr] 4d<sup>10</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>137 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br /> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.1</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>139卤6 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>163 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>0, +1, +2, +4, +6 (mildly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>face-centered cubic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>54.206</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>520.23 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>7298.22 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>11815.13 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>5/3/7440</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-115-6</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011167</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Pd]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Pd</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23938</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22380</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>0.89 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>1.79 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>0.87 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>6.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.04</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>670</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>130</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>William Hyde Wollaston</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1803</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>William Hyde Wollaston (1803)</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <h2>Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Palladium</h2> <p>Safety data for Palladium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) palladium. </p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#signalword" >Signal Word </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#hazardstatements" >Hazard Statements </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html#hazardcodes" >Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#riskcodes" >Risk Codes </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#safetyprecautions" >Safety Precautions </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#rtecs" >RTECS Number </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#transportation" >Transport Information</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#wgk" >WGK Germany </a></th> <td>nwg</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html" >Globally Harmonized System of <br /> Classification and Labelling (GHS) </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table><div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion4"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading panel-heading-sds activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sds"><span class="panel-title">Review and Print SDS for Palladium Metal</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div> <div id="sds" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-91a4975ae1285b7b9d868f4bcc49dc6a"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="link-container"> <span class="print_pdf"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/printpdf/palladium-metal-7440-05-3/sds" title="Display a PDF version of this page." class="print-pdf" rel="nofollow">Create Printable PDF</a></span></div> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"><div><strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> <div><strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr><h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Palladium Metal</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. PD-M-02, PD-M-03, PD-M-04, PD-M-05 </p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-05-3 </p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong> Scientific research and development </p> <p>Supplier details:<br /> American Elements<br /> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br /> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br /> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br /> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br /> <br /> Emergency telephone number:<br /> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br /> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture<br /> Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.<br /> Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC<br /> Not applicable<br /> Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:<br /> No information known.<br /> Hazards not otherwise classified<br /> No information known.<br /> Label elements<br /> Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard pictograms<br /> Not applicable<br /> Signal word<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard statements<br /> Not applicable<br /> WHMIS classification<br /> Not controlled<br /> Classification system<br /> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br /> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br /> HEALTH<br /> FIRE<br /> REACTIVITY<br /> 0 <br /> 0 <br /> 0 <br /> Health (acute effects) = 0<br /> Flammability = 0<br /> Physical Hazard = 0<br /> Other hazards<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br /> CAS# Description:<br /> 7440-05-3 Palladium<br /> Identification number(s):<br /> EC number: 231-115-6</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br /> General information<br /> No special measures required.<br /> After inhalation<br /> Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.<br /> After skin contact<br /> Generally the product does not irritate the skin.<br /> After eye contact<br /> Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.<br /> After swallowing<br /> If symptoms persist consult doctor.<br /> Information for doctor<br /> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES </h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br /> Suitable extinguishing agents<br /> Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br /> For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br /> Water<br /> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br /> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br /> Metal oxide fume<br /> Advice for firefighters<br /> Protective equipment:<br /> No special measures required.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES </h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br /> Not required.<br /> Environmental precautions:<br /> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.<br /> Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.<br /> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br /> Pick up mechanically.<br /> Prevention of secondary hazards:<br /> No special measures required.<br /> Reference to other sections<br /> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br /> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br /> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE </h3> <p>Handling<br /> Precautions for safe handling<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br /> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br /> No special measures required.<br /> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br /> Storage<br /> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br /> No special requirements.<br /> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br /> Do not store together with acids.<br /> Store away from oxidizing agents.<br /> Further information about storage conditions:<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br /> Specific end use(s)<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION </h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br /> No further data; see section 7.<br /> Control parameters<br /> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br /> The product does not contain any relevant quantities of materials with critical values that have to be monitored at the workplace.<br /> Additional information: No data<br /> Exposure controls<br /> Personal protective equipment<br /> General protective and hygienic measures<br /> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br /> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br /> Breathing equipment: Not required.<br /> Protection of hands: Not required.<br /> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)<br /> Not determined<br /> Eye protection: Safety glasses<br /> Body protection: Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br /> General Information<br /> Appearance:<br /> Form: Solid in various forms<br /> Color: Silver grey<br /> Odor: Odorless<br /> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br /> pH-value: Not applicable.<br /> Change in condition<br /> Melting point/Melting range: 1554.9 掳C (2831 掳F)<br /> Boiling point/Boiling range: 3167 掳C (5733 掳F)<br /> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br /> Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.<br /> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br /> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br /> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br /> Danger of explosion: Not determined.<br /> Explosion limits:<br /> Lower: Not determined<br /> Upper: Not determined<br /> Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br /> Density at 20 掳C (68 掳F): 12.02 g/cm鲁 (100.307 lbs/gal)<br /> Relative density: Not determined.<br /> Vapor density: Not applicable.<br /> Evaporation rate: Not applicable.<br /> Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Insoluble<br /> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br /> Viscosity:<br /> dynamic: Not applicable.<br /> kinematic: Not applicable.<br /> Other information<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY </h3> <p>Reactivity<br /> No information known.<br /> Chemical stability<br /> Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br /> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br /> Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br /> Possibility of hazardous reactions<br /> Reacts with strong oxidizing agents<br /> Conditions to avoid<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Incompatible materials:<br /> Acids<br /> Oxidizing agents<br /> Hazardous decomposition products:<br /> Metal oxide fume</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br /> Acute toxicity: The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for components in this product.<br /> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data<br /> Skin irritation or corrosion: No irritant effect.<br /> Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br /> Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.<br /> Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.<br /> Carcinogenicity: No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br /> Reproductive toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.<br /> Aspiration hazard: No effects known.<br /> Subacute to chronic toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Additional toxicological information:<br /> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Toxicity<br /> Aquatic toxicity:<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Persistence and degradability<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Bioaccumulative potential<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Mobility in soil<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Additional ecological information:<br /> General notes:<br /> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.<br /> Other adverse effects<br /> No further relevant information available</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS </h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br /> Recommendation<br /> Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br /> Uncleaned packagings:<br /> Recommendation:<br /> Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION </h3> <p>UN-Number<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> UN proper shipping name<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Transport hazard class(es)<br /> DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Class<br /> Not applicable<br /> Packing group<br /> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Environmental hazards:<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Special precautions for user<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport/Additional information:<br /> DOT<br /> Marine Pollutant (DOT):<br /> No<br /> UN "Model Regulation":<br /> - </p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION </h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture National regulations<br /> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br /> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br /> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> California Proposition 65<br /> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Information about limitation of use:<br /> For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br /> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br /> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> REACH - Pre-registered substances<br /> Substance is listed.<br /> Chemical safety assessment:<br /> A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr><h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. </p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <h2>Palladium Isotopes</h2> <p>Naturally occurring palladium (Pd) has four stable isotopes: <sup>104</sup>Pd, <sup>105</sup>Pd, <sup>106</sup>Pd, and <sup>108</sup>Pd.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br /> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>91</sup>Pd</th> <td>90.94911(61)#</td> <td>10# ms [>1.5 碌s]</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>91</sup>Rh</td> <td>7/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>731.06</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>92</sup>Pd</th> <td>91.94042(54)#</td> <td>1.1(3) s [0.7(+4-2) s]</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>92</sup>Rh</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>747.52</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>93</sup>Pd</th> <td>92.93591(43)#</td> <td>1.07(12) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>93</sup>Rh</td> <td>(9/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>760.26</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>94</sup>Pd</th> <td>93.92877(43)#</td> <td>9.0(5) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>94</sup>Rh</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>774.86</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>95</sup>Pd</th> <td>94.92469(43)#</td> <td>10# s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>95</sup>Rh</td> <td>9/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>786.67</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>96</sup>Pd</th> <td>95.91816(16)</td> <td>122(2) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>96</sup>Rh</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>800.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>97</sup>Pd</th> <td>96.91648(32)</td> <td>3.10(9) min</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>97</sup>Rh</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>810.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>98</sup>Pd</th> <td>97.912721(23)</td> <td>17.7(3) min</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>98</sup>Rh</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>822.08</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>99</sup>Pd</th> <td>98.911768(16)</td> <td>21.4(2) min</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>to <sup>99</sup>Rh</td> <td>(5/2)+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>831.09</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>100</sup>Pd</th> <td>99.908506(12)</td> <td>3.63(9) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>100</sup>Rh</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>841.97</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>101</sup>Pd</th> <td>100.908289(19)</td> <td>8.47(6) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>101</sup>Rh</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>-0.66</td> <td>857.5</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>102</sup>Pd</th> <td>101.905609(3)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>865.58</td> <td>1.02</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>103</sup>Pd</th> <td>102.906087(3)</td> <td>16.991(19) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>103</sup>Rh</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>873.66</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>104</sup>Pd</th> <td>103.904036(4)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>881.73</td> <td>11.14</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>105</sup>Pd</th> <td>104.905085(4)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>-0.642</td> <td>889.81</td> <td>22.33</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>106</sup>Pd</th> <td>105.903486(4)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>897.89</td> <td>27.33</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>107</sup>Pd</th> <td>106.905133(4)</td> <td>6.5(3)E+6 y</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>107</sup>Ag</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>905.97</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>108</sup>Pd</th> <td>107.903892(4)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>914.05</td> <td>26.46</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>109</sup>Pd</th> <td>108.905950(4)</td> <td>13.7012(24) h</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>109</sup>Ag</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>922.13</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>110</sup>Pd</th> <td>109.905153(12)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>930.21</td> <td>11.72</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>111</sup>Pd</th> <td>110.907671(12)</td> <td>23.4(2) min</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>111</sup>Ag</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>938.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>112</sup>Pd</th> <td>111.907314(19)</td> <td>21.03(5) h</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>113</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>946.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>113</sup>Pd</th> <td>112.91015(4)</td> <td>93(5) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>114</sup>Ag</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>945.13</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>114</sup>Pd</th> <td>113.910363(25)</td> <td>2.42(6) min</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>115</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>953.2</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>115</sup>Pd</th> <td>114.91368(7)</td> <td>25(2) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>116</sup>Ag</td> <td>(5/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>961.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>116</sup>Pd</th> <td>115.91416(6)</td> <td>11.8(4) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>117</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>969.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>117</sup>Pd</th> <td>116.91784(6)</td> <td>4.3(3) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>118</sup>Ag</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>977.44</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>118</sup>Pd</th> <td>117.91898(23)</td> <td>1.9(1) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>119</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>985.52</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>119</sup>Pd</th> <td>118.92311(32)#</td> <td>0.92(13) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>120</sup>Ag</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>984.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>120</sup>Pd</th> <td>119.92469(13)</td> <td>0.5(1) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>121</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>992.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>121</sup>Pd</th> <td>120.92887(54)#</td> <td>400# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>122</sup>Ag</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1000.44</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>122</sup>Pd</th> <td>121.93055(43)#</td> <td>300# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>123</sup>Ag</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>999.2</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>123</sup>Pd</th> <td>122.93493(64)#</td> <td>200# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>124</sup>Ag</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1007.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>124</sup>Pd</th> <td>123.93688(54)#</td> <td>100# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1015.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>125</sup>Pd</th> <td>125</td> <td>0.44(3) 碌s / 0.33(4) 碌s <br/> (2 isomers)</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>126</sup>Pd</th> <td>126</td> <td>5.8(8) 碌s</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup">^</div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); } else { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); } }); $('.scrollup').click(function () { 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