CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91359c571cda3e37',cH: 'nUynmQ2F5dC8UuN0vMAayYZxAtDkD5o8RfZdy6nWi5E-1739793560-1.2.1.1-kIdZq1Nj6D2O508YKdlG8Kh7xbbJPxe0InBXIdpSogsVdRKL21bKTxAAmKqxXABp',cUPMDTk: "\/10011894\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=XG1UWdnBYASSCqqRxllKCWlM4GNLXIpsdiTYa67X7k4-1739793560-1.0.1.1-P8tmioif6SuG48xOZ4Vuvp1GhwaG4dWzkY9Ip9qJoU4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739793560',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10011894\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=XG1UWdnBYASSCqqRxllKCWlM4GNLXIpsdiTYa67X7k4-1739793560-1.0.1.1-P8tmioif6SuG48xOZ4Vuvp1GhwaG4dWzkY9Ip9qJoU4",md: "aq73PkO6zVJTeYS8Kt8fgK4_Ox1cw260B1EWNYhhbTE-1739793560-1.2.1.1-dYxBeMtSPrXsg3990iloj6UedV7bURsVsniEcZUDX3vU0qMO4XDyDyQsNZsEsZtoYKXNlmFEhnKoBmz.7C_1ymdvSpmJiTkynZySkwUwEd.eEqqetNN0PFWLQduQ2PHZjtMAd06fTVp2477X8kNuXfkUKc94sRvh1Y87OehSpPvbyxCK2zJJRmiEn5_z9J9aQyxB.6cvVO0NGIGEkl_d5Pm8539zd_bNr3eeGQmi3JDr64EuIEbCGC8olpVAyLmwXIjLq9I5dLZHCQ2gK5VNChqOfRO4Q265JNKdWCTzbxidppuZ5P0dmBh4kRo0GtIs5H2yGiBucGeIjJkU8UI.ja8F1UPpkEQSKjWPKzbcs7mlDMRPS7xILrKG9UEp9O15stUu4tisOZjZUg1RIBT.YbTHlqaN.9NdAi8NxO9hCFPzbf5.aR12JY.TaUqmLNL6LKCoDbAt8zC2EqmdX7ZaZQxs8VcNKZFacQkdqulnOVWfZYowdQHnibGZCVtSlukSjN8.KjZTPTeKHxgTK36Ss3zveI5SMKCp0Zh5.GmA.ORRaL4QfuMRHFmH38tV72EuELoQkKNmRj1TsnkdTXDEplluy8JU.s1m67vXVMGqBEsmS8jLnFn7Ya_dZYAwU9YoQ.uPpwn0BKtxZv33za0YgGCSgIyeii5ApCq9tz72H7GWNb3F.yRJ6i2rIL2OVvBpHUiFSLpQYf41b8TYfa9z8PPjrGoL53LmfRcDqREgxcUOMuyQCkoh4kY6wfAU6TB6T8N.pND06ki_KqlkGyH43Qq4zvcW1lsFcTSldzgH4WVO2SAZv1J_1fvTVCVgx7T_Th3m8wPuGHi5x2Frj.ad3OMmAX5.N2CKueRJPCOmTqnxYFjkT5G2CtHK6MdeqGXKg0gBAGrrGbDKo0AsD3aKRuszMQzl2fSeZnBRyRV8fjjvNWziI7DDeTmZibMY3HGtbjJ7Z6zbVM0Tl3nxebooyK_uSVuDwmmeOLnHTdRsXfkbQgfyMe1_7R35jI0SW9rf3JVPj4ew5xdalWIyZ8xDHZnvWeCfE0ct3oV7nR5EzDBFpTijiMMSKjqfygxYAhXbM.OaeVgLrwzL4V_hM8FTK2wgNYdJ6FNdXOQ9Td3.01TBDt8JbnyIUbM8RDyTZBlMKPxmCx1OvVvzEL9Fy_cPspyZmlv.q.YnZuDJO_I.QhHjUMdxbgistZjId3FsgI4Pdjhns1waXFXE1_Y42tjicj4sgeNZkO3PPp3Kp_hrq_tPjGbYsXxJwf6QllHJnCEPPLuykWYJqugwoacqXDRPtxqNFgjL_6hdcPJj0tocX9cFBH.RG49jjwoELfo.UMTFey5vLHaLmYNVxGUquF48PWqBBiRJWV_G_XEG6sCkGvfDnAoRh2NttfhiqbXzoXB2C0.rwQrbpigwrtQEJedCixxt7bG.g1L8rXlriXrVbhXj3yLkF0_7LPww2RGNcfNEUZmRa76CWjRBn58tNH8nDm1vXvVHPB_wazMxbDDBQu99M4S9VkeBICkbbC2RpR7TBQHD4PfTIdQf8oGMxxkcQ5vvNk8hu4DrYKMEMlODQY32xbv83_ziP.Sl667euIbvorX.9aNpvlmG2gm_jJSNhBvoQB79Gq.qrYjtX09nl3_IreDXMGD6fg2M4VLgAJ12lm9AwsDk7E2VNaxXeVWXYsThEmc0HWGML7Dkx37F72tTkdr3GOUO0zRd3EEx6u3oUPdhDk7BmDd9vbpP5gIa8P3QjktdKIDIZ3KGNIQEZpo2I93RWcgdfzu.51TFHy7pW.QfDXnolL4oFMc.xcBLvedQGXvS.77s_qW8SlYi_ivd.GqcreHqbGvsZ4Bsc1agCgynAbqNOLBDcu1OkuCsPe92NPKvyydmYO9GaFXTO6o",mdrd: "pGqRz1gfW3tYcwOuU47d35Jf6IyzugIXvY97lHqISF0-1739793560-1.2.1.1-CP4DTnX.L020tTbmikgmcK5HJpQ5D3ixzZ8osyX3HD4IUKq50uVA0hSqe8a6HS.rxVIaVRz0QN4LhccNrXRogHF74FnG.B1DEPn7r.SOdRwbLitkj1OK5BGbOH3.2YXJ05s9R7p8sTpo.8mYnQssUc7WgM_fylEmqNURr4g2ZR3bcfI_5AoNd8eW1A5RN17tMw8YDCZGPN_IyhSXquHEDNeNh8PxY.Nd8U6iF0jT2a.U0cqCIJAb.KQ_VOWUtAL7Zw_8cm3mJQi3ggdISfh5NJoot77BZ.rGM2UiDaffMvkHUFbIHH_7j9.KNskTgxfegzrybFldbTEgqKaaw79SByB4ysQ_AimrdgpHLw1BzWWsJZ8OxdzA0jYSqCyo3QFEyryL.OjTw4pvuMoVqKpZ_7rYzic.4bSCqxvZu5_Kxz4J85pR_b9wvmUHqbgycsDHw2xeE1PytGMH4bWCpGld8mHr04PdWEEhYdm.rXSc_1c5FUI4hrGdgJ6hk6gQAjG0ynNxoocHbD_wXfk5QToFe6PWH5m.dJGkp979iu4AoNJVyshDkhxWYBe_0hXMfECwDNWTGj7Ad77UL1Ufm01aCEsSev5PkkgCGYh8J27COn_xPAtItGC37AKSVYg_Lmbc55p.ULlQcjI.fNG.SYu.Pl7tsxH3kmV7nqc3Y_yURcW8jspB.o.EFz6TdCJ2MSWaIPO4LIaMevxtnKxdNNHMygzYplTVPXIa9AAuhb2XW794DmChJHt2dmhaepHUauzw9GdNHYc9LVeThlsrrJoLf8PHqEjZ2U5PouLK6TQ_SpcZBwLsD2MdlylEYjCgisoS0iSdtRqLLR5wRK9aW.5Ta8hN__F6ylm6S1nK7NizVV7SEKuN2jVHPnF4GzXB5fgVbqKViP0VuQKvmW4KBeQDDYQIIs6CQqbtxJVYNKE9n6jVSZUnIzHIt1Gqxa.txjErmJI0M9lnHDbZCch3mziaBKKQZKET7ijy.F_KO7j22d0owx0jz24wvzbbKl_BxBxtbEng5CdXCvMf31JAmh04arHGgT7cD5lQwv9Qc3qaZu5yagYsfRJKWNcH.YkTR1mF77ZR8xikWtzYuwHEk3V4vYD9bYXD_nfeAR6pCrSrtETMfRGCHFnekBwyJn3wdCwYTVppm5HmfTG0i4FIVvwON8o_6elGB.3T6rGFEa_JKFQEfCBZ47rbIo3oSVx1.DJp9X6x.e8S__cSl4AQ71ChLYe3HggXHxh319pAG5J3S3GA1hQSaK5apq_XyqVAHRfNfVjfDQPhONdOQ1kJhUkbE2IHhibiAc6w4PtDKWnEWvjGdy.gkChaK4VoK_J3QXvf3HgdNoHkYCD6BDo_MvaOzLBhrSJz1GtybvB01VtAOJIESkb9I4VhsQB19B2EpiWriQ.vkqhF7laRkZdrsBpF6dUyBBwsT4o5T0rzvKxVyqx9rGRpQGDJ9MTU93Uk_RjA5.fzR8lSM_pATTBKgHGZKFg.86gEK5f8c.kpeXt24nssWejeCJo1TcoKQV0yeuEMvywVmy39SiXFpg03pWFSi1v2r3MdlGVFiHmSvMv_CclEX6HDrdX.iQgWdq6Z3xhnlB6CNKAmJ.c8vQa0yPU0iDs3epwjHsq0zbSbzD0YfHoJsaGNAYr9w.3KF5J2DiP5fyo6naoaCrB1cXfIREm9n1BbRhwscvqaZbqZH27wR6seo080HW.zzkS8j.WfDnDn3InJWQ8kD5djNQ5Xmor47uWVGIAtscsvly_cTQSJRGvfLJ_YwiUbGsWlKIQD7Aq_rnySg9Fq1YMXcSBCvHBvciF8lFzeMzjGmYSRneZX9F0jx5ZyAGR85qyhgh.9jqNvr.TgwB7NEGhMqpWBXPyiNia6eadqq6M5z33lqa0PsiLwrHfIeF2nUKn8bcUKOu5UbB.5i2Aa8i5C.2o6f5XJY.7eASWtYt2xWIGwVp_0d7VN0aCFJGZhx05uFd.ELNkK"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91359c571cda3e37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011894\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=XG1UWdnBYASSCqqRxllKCWlM4GNLXIpsdiTYa67X7k4-1739793560-1.0.1.1-P8tmioif6SuG48xOZ4Vuvp1GhwaG4dWzkY9Ip9qJoU4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>