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Serdema kevirî - Wîkîpediya

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href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Serdema+kevir%C3%AE" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Serdema+kevir%C3%AE" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Paleolîtîk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleolîtîk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Paleolîtîk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleolîtîk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mezolîtîk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Girêdanên_derve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Girêdanên_derve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Girêdanên derve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Girêdanên_derve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Serdema kevirî</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 159 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-159" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 159 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steentydperk" title="Steentydperk – afrîkansî" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Steentydperk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrîkansî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinzeit" title="Steinzeit – elmanîşî" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Steinzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="elmanîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%AD_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="ድንጋይ ዘመን – amharî" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድንጋይ ዘመን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_Piedra" title="Edat de Piedra – aragonî" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edat de Piedra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="पाषाण युग – angîkayî" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पाषाण युग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="العصر الحجري – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الحجري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%89" title="عصر حجرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عصر حجرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="প্ৰস্তৰ যুগ – asamî" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰস্তৰ যুগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_de_piedra" title="Edá de piedra – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edá de piedra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9F_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Daş dövrü – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daş dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="داش دؤورانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داش دؤورانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Таш быуат – başkîrî" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Таш быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başkîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoazeid" title="Stoazeid – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stoazeid" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABl%C4%97_gad%C4%ABn%C4%97" title="Kūlė gadīnė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kūlė gadīnė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_kan_Gapo" title="Panahon kan Gapo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Panahon kan Gapo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Каменны век – belarusî" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каменны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Каменны век – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каменны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Каменна епоха – bulgarî" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каменна епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လုံးခေတ် – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လုံးခေတ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="প্রস্তর যুগ – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রস্তর যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས། – tîbetî" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tîbetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oadvezh_ar_maen" title="Oadvezh ar maen – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oadvezh ar maen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameno_doba" title="Kameno doba – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kameno doba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_pedra" title="Edat de pedra – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edat de pedra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2I%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="ТIулган оьмар – çeçenî" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТIулган оьмар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سەردەمی بەردین – soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی بەردین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F_devri" title="Taş devri – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Taş devri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doba_kamenn%C3%A1" title="Doba kamenná – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Doba kamenná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="Чуллă ĕмĕр – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чуллă ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Oes y Cerrig – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oes y Cerrig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenalder" title="Stenalder – danmarkî" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stenalder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danmarkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinzeit" title="Steinzeit – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steinzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewr%C3%AA_Kemere" title="Dewrê Kemere – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewrê Kemere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Εποχή του Λίθου – yewnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εποχή του Λίθου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yewnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stone Age" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctonepoko" title="Ŝtonepoko – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtonepoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_de_Piedra" title="Edad de Piedra – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edad de Piedra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiviaeg" title="Kiviaeg – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiviaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Aroa" title="Harri Aroa – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harri Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="عصر سنگ – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصر سنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivikausi" title="Kivikausi – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivikausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiviaig" title="Kiviaig – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kiviaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ge_de_la_pierre" title="Âge de la pierre – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âge de la pierre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiantidj" title="Stiantidj – frîsiya bakur" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stiantidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frîsiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stientiid" title="Stientiid – frîsî" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stientiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clochaois" title="Clochaois – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clochaois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="石器時代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laj_di_py%C3%A8r" title="Laj di pyèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laj di pyèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_de_Pedra" title="Idade de Pedra – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idade de Pedra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%9A_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سنگ ٚ زمات – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سنگ ٚ زمات" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="अश्मयुग – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अश्मयुग" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eash_Chloaie" title="Yn Eash Chloaie – manksî" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eash Chloaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age – hawsayî" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Stone Age" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hawsayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F" title="תקופת האבן – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת האבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="पाषाण युग – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाषाण युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patthar_Yug" title="Patthar Yug – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Patthar Yug" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameno_doba" title="Kameno doba – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kameno doba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamjentna_doba" title="Kamjentna doba – sorbiya jorîn" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kamjentna doba" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbiya jorîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91korszak" title="Kőkorszak – mecarî" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kőkorszak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mecarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Քարի դար – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարի դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Batu" title="Zaman Batu – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panawen_ti_Bato" title="Panawen ti Bato – îlokanoyî" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panawen ti Bato" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="îlokanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кхерий зама – îngûşî" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кхерий зама" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="îngûşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroepoko" title="Petroepoko – îdoyî" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Petroepoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="îdoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein%C3%B6ld" title="Steinöld – îzlendî" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steinöld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="îzlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_della_pietra" title="Età della pietra – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età della pietra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代 – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石器時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuon_Iej" title="Tuon Iej – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tuon Iej" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rokci_cedra" title="rokci cedra – lojbanî" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rokci cedra" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქვის ხანა – gurcî" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქვის ხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gurcî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9y%C9%9B_p%C9%A9nz%C9%A9_(Age_de_la_Pi%C3%A8rre)" title="Pɩyɛ pɩnzɩ (Age de la Pièrre) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩyɛ pɩnzɩ (Age de la Pièrre)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Тас дәуірі – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тас дәуірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="យុគថ្មបំបែក – ximêrî" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យុគថ្មបំបែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ximêrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="석기 시대 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석기 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%81%D9%90_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کنہِ کال – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کنہِ کال" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenzitt" title="Steenzitt – rîpwarî" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Steenzitt" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="rîpwarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_Men" title="Oos Men – kornî" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oos Men" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83" title="Таш доору – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Таш доору" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetas_lapidea" title="Aetas lapidea – latînî" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aetas lapidea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenz%C3%A4it" title="Steenzäit – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Steenzäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eda_de_Petra" title="Eda de Petra – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eda de Petra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steintied" title="Steintied – lîmbûrgî" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Steintied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="lîmbûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A9_dla_Pera" title="Eté dla Pera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eté dla Pera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaa_de_la_Preda" title="Etaa de la Preda – lombardî" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etaa de la Preda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ຍຸກຫີນ – lawsî" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຍຸກຫີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lawsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmens_am%C5%BEius" title="Akmens amžius – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akmens amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmens_laikmets" title="Akmens laikmets – latviyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Akmens laikmets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latviyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B1_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Кӱ курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кӱ курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Камено време – makedonî" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камено време" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="ശിലായുഗം – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശിലായുഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Чулуун зэвсгийн үе – mongolî" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чулуун зэвсгийн үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="पाषाण युग – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाषाण युग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Batu" title="Zaman Batu – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidade_de_la_Piedra" title="Eidade de la Piedra – mîrandî" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eidade de la Piedra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mîrandî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကျောက်ခေတ် – burmayî" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောက်ခေတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steentiet" title="Steentiet – nedersaksî" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Steentiet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedersaksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steyntyd" title="Steyntyd – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Steyntyd" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="ढुङ्गे युग – nepalî" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ढुङ्गे युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="ल्वहं युग – newarî" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्वहं युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steentijd" title="Steentijd – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steentijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinalderen" title="Steinalderen – norwecî (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steinalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwecî (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinalderen" title="Steinalderen – norwecî (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steinalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwecî (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira – oksîtanî" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edat de la Pèira" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97" title="ਪੱਥਰ ਯੁੱਗ – puncabî" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਥਰ ਯੁੱਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="puncabî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoka_kamienia" title="Epoka kamienia – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epoka kamienia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_dla_pera" title="Età dla pera – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Età dla pera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="پتھر ویلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پتھر ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%89%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="د ډبرې دوره – peştûyî" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ډبرې دوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_da_Pedra" title="Idade da Pedra – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idade da Pedra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp_da_crap" title="Temp da crap – romancî" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Temp da crap" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_de_piatr%C4%83" title="Epoca de piatră – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca de piatră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Каменный век – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каменный век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камяна доба – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Камяна доба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पाषाणयुगम् – sanskrîtî" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पाषाणयुगम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Таас үйэ – yakutî" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Таас үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakutî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ – santalî" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etati_d%C3%A2_Petra" title="Etati dâ Petra – sicîlî" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Etati dâ Petra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stane_Age" title="Stane Age – skotî" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stane Age" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پٿر جو دور – sindhî" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پٿر جو دور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gea%C4%91ge%C3%A1igi" title="Geađgeáigi – samiya bakur" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Geađgeáigi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameno_doba" title="Kameno doba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kameno doba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="ශිලා යුගය – kîngalî" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශිලා යුගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="kîngalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stone Age" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamenn%C3%A1_doba" title="Kamenná doba – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kamenná doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamena_doba" title="Kamena doba – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamena doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%91gi%C3%A4igi" title="Keđgiäigi – samiya înarî" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Keđgiäigi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="samiya înarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koha_e_Gurit" title="Koha e Gurit – elbanî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koha e Gurit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="elbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камено доба – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камено доба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steentied" title="Steentied – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Steentied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten%C3%A5ldern" title="Stenåldern – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stenåldern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zama_za_Mawe" title="Zama za Mawe – swahîlî" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zama za Mawe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoka_kamjy%C5%84a" title="Epoka kamjyńa – silesî" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Epoka kamjyńa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கற்காலம் – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கற்காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="రాతి యుగము – telûgûyî" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాతి యుగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telûgûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Асри санг – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асри санг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ยุคหิน – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคหิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9F_asyry" title="Daş asyry – tirkmenî" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Daş asyry" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="tirkmenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Bato" title="Panahong Bato – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Bato" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F_Devri" title="Taş Devri – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taş Devri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Таш дәвере – teterî" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Таш дәвере" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="teterî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D2%AF%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Баштайгы амыдыралдың даш чепсектиг үези – tuvanî" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Баштайгы амыдыралдың даш чепсектиг үези" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80" title="Из даур – udmurtî" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Из даур" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кам&#039;яна доба – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кам&#039;яна доба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سنگی دور – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سنگی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosh_davri" title="Tosh davri – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tosh davri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_de_%C5%82a_piera" title="Età de ła piera – venîsî" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Età de ła piera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiviaig" title="Kiviaig – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kiviaig" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_%C4%91%C3%A1" title="Thời đại đồ đá – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời đại đồ đá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steentyd" title="Steentyd – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Steentyd" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_han_Bato" title="Panahon han Bato – warayî" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon han Bato" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="石器时代 – çîniya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石器时代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çîniya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngexesha_lamatye" title="Ngexesha lamatye – xosayî" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ngexesha lamatye" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქუაშ ხანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქუაშ ხანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A2" title="שטיין עפאכע – yidîşî" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטיין עפאכע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yidîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuhrin" title="Ciuhrin – zhuangî" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ciuhrin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石器時代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E4%B8%96" title="石世 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="石世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-kh%C3%AC_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Chio̍h-khì sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-khì sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石器時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serdema_kevir%C3%AE" title="Li rûpela naverokê binêre [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Gotar</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAj:Serdema_kevir%C3%AE" rel="discussion" title="Gotûbêj li ser rûpela naverokê [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Varyanta zimanî biguhêre" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kurdî/کوردی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-ku mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;variant=ku" lang="ku" hreflang="ku"><span>Kurdî/کوردی</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-ku-Arab mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;variant=ku-arab" lang="ku-Arab" hreflang="ku-Arab"><span>Tîpên erebî</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-ku-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;variant=ku-latn" lang="ku-Latn" hreflang="ku-Latn"><span>Tîpên latînî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Dîtin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serdema_kevir%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=history" title="Guhartoyên berê yên vê rûpelê [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qutiya amûran" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qutiya amûran</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Amûr</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aksiyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serdema_kevir%C3%AE"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=history"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Giştî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Gir%C3%AAdan%C3%AAn_li_ser_vir/Serdema_kevir%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên ku pê ve girêdayî ne [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Girêdanên li ser vê rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:RecentChangesLinked/Serdema_kevir%C3%AE" rel="nofollow" title="Guhartinên dawî di rûpelên ku ji vê rûpelê ve hatine girêdan de [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Guhartinên têkildar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ku" title="Dosyeyan bar bike [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Wêneyekî bar bike</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:SpecialPages" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên taybetî [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Rûpelên taybet</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;oldid=1685369" title="Lînka daîmî yê ji bo vê revizyona rûpelê"><span>Girêdana daîmî</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=info" title="Bêhtir agahî di derbarê vê rûpelê de"><span>Agahiyên rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;id=1685369&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Agahdariya li ser qalkirina rûpelê"><span>Qalkirina rûpelê bibîne</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSerdema_kevir%25C3%25AE"><span>URLya kurt çêke</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSerdema_kevir%25C3%25AE"><span>Koda QRyê daxîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap bike/derxîne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Wek PDF daxe</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Guhartoya çapkirinê ya vê rûpelê [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Guhartoya çapkirinê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di projeyên din de </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stone_Age" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia 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class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20.0em;border-spacing:0;padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Beşeke <a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:D%C3%AErok" title="Kategorî:Dîrok">rêzê</a> li ser</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#f8eaba;padding:0.4em;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEroka_mirovahiy%C3%AA" title="Dîroka mirovahiyê">Dîroka mirovahiyê</a><br /><span style="font-size:80%;">û <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok" title="Pêşdîrok">pêşdîrok</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;background:#efefef;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span style="font-size:120%;">↑</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hominina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hominina (rûpel hê tune)">berî <i>Homo</i></a> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:90%;"><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pl%C3%AEosen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plîosen (rûpel hê tune)">Epoka Plîosenê</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;font-size:105%;padding:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok" title="Pêşdîrok">Pêşdîrok</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_s%C3%AA_serdem%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstema sê serdemî">sîstema sê serdemî</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.25em 1.0em 0.4em 1.6em;text-align:left;"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serdema kevirî</a></dt> <dd> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Paleolîtîk">Paleolîtîk</a></dt> <dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEka_j%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolîtîka jêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">Paleolîtîka jêrîn</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo (rûpel hê tune)">Homo</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i></li></ul></div></dd> <dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEka_nav%C3%AEn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolîtîka navîn (rûpel hê tune)">Paleolîtîka navîn</a></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirov%C3%AAn_kevnare&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirovên kevnare (rûpel hê tune)"><i>Homo sapiens</i>ên kevn</a></dd> <dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEka_jor%C3%AEn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolîtîka jorîn (rûpel hê tune)">Paleolîtîka jorîn</a></dt></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ep%C3%AEpaleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epîpaleolîtîk (rûpel hê tune)">Epîpaleolîtîk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mezol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Mezolîtîk">Mezolîtîk</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Neolîtîk">Neolîtîk</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Derg%C3%BB%C5%9Fa_%C5%9Faristaniy%C3%AA" title="Dergûşa şaristaniyê">Dergûşa şaristaniyê</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protod%C3%AErok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Protodîrok (rûpel hê tune)">Protodîrok</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Kalkolîtîk">Kalkolîtîk</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Serdema_bronz%C3%AE" title="Serdema bronzî">Serdema bronzî</a></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî">Serdema hesinî</a></dt></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;font-size:105%;padding:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AErok" title="Dîrok">Dîroka nivîsî</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.25em 1.0em 0.4em 1.6em;text-align:left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Serdema_kevnare" title="Serdema kevnare">Serdema kevnare</a></dt> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%AEroka_niv%C3%AEs%C3%AEn%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dîroka nivîsînê (rûpel hê tune)">Nivîsên herî kevn</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protod%C3%AErok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Protodîrok (rûpel hê tune)">Protodîrok</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Serdema_n%C3%BB" title="Serdema nû">Dîroka nûjen</a></dt></dl></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;background:#efefef;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span style="font-size:120%;">↓</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberoj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siberoj (rûpel hê tune)">Siberoj</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:90%;"><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span>(<a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">Epoka holosen</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="background:#f8eaba;padding:0.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r827285">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-binêre"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:D%C3%AEroka_mirovahiy%C3%AA_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok" title="Şablon:Dîroka mirovahiyê û pêşdîrok"><abbr title="Vê şablonê nîşan bide">n</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-gotûbêj"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAja_%C5%9Fablon%C3%AA:D%C3%AEroka_mirovahiy%C3%AA_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotûbêja şablonê:Dîroka mirovahiyê û pêşdîrok (rûpel hê tune)"><abbr title="Vê şablonê gotûbêj bike">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-çêke"><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:D%C3%AEroka_mirovahiy%C3%AA_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Vê şablonê biguhêre">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Serdema kevirî</b> serdemeke <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok" title="Pêşdîrok">pêşdîrokî</a> ya fireh e ku <a href="/wiki/Kevir" title="Kevir">kevir</a> ji bo çêkirina amûran dihat bikaranîn. Ev serdem bi qasî 3,4 mîlyon salan dewam kir<sup id="cite_ref-nhm.ac.uk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm.ac.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> û bi destpêka kêsimandina metalan<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> di navbera 4.000 <abbr title="berî zayînê">b.z.</abbr> û 2.000 <abbr title="berî zayînê">b.z.</abbr> de qediya. Têgiha "serdema kevirî" di arkeolojiya piraniya cihên cîhanê de bi kêr tê, her çend e ku di arkeolojiya hin cihên din de navên din werdigire. Dabeşkirina li jêr ji bo <a href="/wiki/Ewrasya" title="Ewrasya">Ewrasyayê</a> tê bikaranîn lê ne li seranserê hemû herêmê. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleolîtîk"><span id="Paleol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk"></span>Paleolîtîk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Paleolîtîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Paleolîtîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Map-of-human-migrations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Map-of-human-migrations.svg/220px-Map-of-human-migrations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Map-of-human-migrations.svg/330px-Map-of-human-migrations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Map-of-human-migrations.svg/440px-Map-of-human-migrations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Nexşeya pêşniyarkirî ya koçên mirovên kevn li gorî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genet%C3%AEka_nif%C3%BBs%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetîka nifûsê (rûpel hê tune)">genetîka nifûsî</a> ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_ya_mitokondr%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA ya mitokondrî (rûpel hê tune)">mitokondriyê</a> bi hejmarên ku hezar salên berî niha (rastbûna wê tê nîqaşkirin)</figcaption></figure> <p>"Paleolîtîk" tê maneya "Serdema kevirî ya kevn", û bi bikaranîna <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%BBr%C3%AA_kevir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amûrê kevir">amûrên kevirî</a> yên yekem dest pê dike. Paleolîtîk beşa herî kevn a serdema kevirî ye. </p><p>Ji beşa destpêkê ya Paleolîtîkê re <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEka_j%C3%AAr%C3%AEn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolîtîka jêrîn (rûpel hê tune)">Paleolîtîka jêrîn</a> tê gotin, ku ji <i><a href="/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov">Homo sapiens</a></i> kevntir e. Paleolîtîka jêrîn nêzîkî 2,5 mîlyon sal berê bi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_habilis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo habilis (rûpel hê tune)">Homo habilis</a></i> (û cinsên têkildar) û amûrên kevirî yên herî kevn dest pê dike.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Delîlên li ser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrolkirina_agir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrolkirina agir (rûpel hê tune)">kontrolkirina agir</a> ji aliyê mirovên kevn ve di serdema Paleolîtîka jêrîn de ne diyar e yan jî çavkaniyên wê yên zanistî gelek kêm e.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Çavkaniyên herî nû piştgirî didin ku bi qasî heta niha tê zanîn bikaranîna agir a herî kevn li Şikefta Wonderwerk, Afrîkaya Başûr, berî 1 mîlyon sal pêk hatiye.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Herwiha tê pejirandin ku <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_ergaster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo ergaster (rûpel hê tune)">Homo ergaster</a> di navbera 790.000 û 690.000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ber%C3%AE_dema_niha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Berî dema niha (rûpel hê tune)">berî dema niha</a> de li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pira_Ya%27akov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pira Ya&#39;akov (rûpel hê tune)">Pira Bnot Ya'akov</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Esra%C3%AAl" title="Îsraêl">Îsraêlê</a> agir çêkirine.<sup id="cite_ref-Rincon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rincon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bikaranîna agir îmkanê daye mirovên kevn da ku xwarinê çêkin, germahiyê peyda bikin, û bi şevan ronahî hebe. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov">Homo sapiensên</a></i> kevn bi qasî 200.000 sal berê peyda bûne, pê re <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEka_nav%C3%AEn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolîtîka navîn (rûpel hê tune)">Palaeolîtîka navîn</a> dest pê kiriye. Guherînên anatomiyê nîşan didin ku kapasîteya zimên a nûjen jî di dema Paleolîtîka navîn de derketiye.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di serdema paleolîtîka navîn de, yekem delîlên teqez ên bikaranîna agir ji aliyê mirovan ve hene. Hestî û darên şewitandî yên ku wek 61.000 berî dema niha re hatine tarîxkirin li şûnwarên Zambiyayê hene. Binaxkirina miriyan a sîstematîk, muzîk, hunerên kevn, û bikaranîna amûrên sofîstîke yên bi gelek parçeyan bûyerên girîng ên Paleolîtîka navîn in. </p><p>Li seranserê Paleolîtîkê, mirov bi gelemperî wekî <a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%A7%C3%AErvan-komker" class="mw-redirect" title="Neçîrvan-komker">neçîrvan-komkerên</a> <a href="/wiki/Barkiran%C3%AE" title="Barkiranî">koçer</a> dijiyan. Civakên neçîrvan-komker pir piçûk û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wekhev%C3%AExwaz%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wekhevîxwazî (rûpel hê tune)">wekhevîxwaz</a> bûn,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> her çend civakên neçîrvan-komker, ên ku xwedan gelek kereseyan an jî teknîkên depokirina xwarinan ên pêşketî, carinan şêweyekî jiyanê yê nekoçer afirandine, ku tê de pêkhateyên civakî yên kompleks mîna serokêşîran<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> û tebeqeyên civakî jî hebûn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mezolîtîk"><span id="Mezol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk"></span>Mezolîtîk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mezolîtîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mezolîtîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG/220px-Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG/330px-Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG/440px-Dugout_boats_Kierikki_Centre_Oulu_20130526.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2983" /></a><figcaption>Kanoyên ji nitirandina daran çêkirî</figcaption></figure> <p>Mezolîtîk, an jî Serdema kevirî ya navîn (ji <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_yewnan%C3%AE" title="Zimanê yewnanî">yewnanî</a> <i>mesos,</i> 'navîn', û <i>lithos,</i> 'kevir'), serdemeke di pêşvexistina teknolojiya mirovahiyê de bû ku di navbera serdemên Paleolîtîk û Neolîtîkê de ye. </p><p>Serdema mezolîtîkê bi taybetî li Ewropayê di dawiya <a href="/wiki/Ple%C3%AEstosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleîstosen">serdema Pleîstosenê</a> de, anku 10.000 berî dema niha dest pê kir û bi <a href="/wiki/%C3%87andin%C3%AE" title="Çandinî">destpêka çandiniyê</a> bi dawî bû, ku dîroka wê li gorî herêman diguhere.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Li hin deveran wekî <a href="/wiki/Rojhilata_N%C3%AAz%C3%AEk" title="Rojhilata Nêzîk">Rojhilata Nêzîk</a>, çandinî berî ku <a href="/wiki/Ple%C3%AEstosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleîstosen">Pleîstosen</a> bi dawî bibe dest pê kiribû, û li wan deveran Mezolîtîk kurt e û baş nayê pênasekirin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qe%C5%9Fay%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeşayî (rûpel hê tune)">Li deverên ku</a> bandora qeşagirtinê hindik e, carinan têgiha "Epipaleolîtîk" çêtir tê girtin. </p><p>Bermahiyên ji vê serdemê hindik in, pir caran tenê paşmayiyên xwarinan wekî hestiyên heywanan mane. Li deverên daristanî, yekem nîşanên darbirînê hatine dîtin, her çend destpêka darbirînê ya bi awayeke cidî di dema neolîtîkê de ji ber <a href="/wiki/%C3%87andin%C3%AE" title="Çandinî">çandiniyê</a> hatibe. </p><p>Taybetmendiyên mezolîtîkê li piraniya deveran bi amûrên têkel ên biçûk ji kevirên hesteyan tê diyarkirin. Taxima şokan, tevşoyên kevirî, û objeyên darîn, wek kano û kevanan, di hin şûnwaran de hatine dîtin. Ev teknolojî herî pêşî li Afrîkayê di çandên <a href="/w/index.php?title=Az%C3%AEl%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Azîlî (rûpel hê tune)">Azîlî</a> de derketine holê. Dûre bi riya çanda Îbero-Maurusî (Mexreb) ya Afrîkaya Bakur û çanda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebaran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebaran (rûpel hê tune)">Kebaran</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Levant">Levantê</a> li Ewropayê belav bûne. Lêbelê, vedîtinên serbixwe jî carinan tên teorîzekirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neolîtîk"><span id="Neol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk"></span>Neolîtîk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Neolîtîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Neolîtîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Neolîtîk" tê maneya "Serdema kevirî ya nû". Tevî ku di Paleolîtîkê de çend cinsên mirovan hebûn, heta Neolîtîkê tenê <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_sapiens_sapiens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo sapiens sapiens (rûpel hê tune)">Homo sapiens sapiens</a></i> maye.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Dibe <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_floresiensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo floresiensis (rûpel hê tune)">Homo floresiensis</a></i> heta destpêka neolîtîkê, nêzîkî 12.200 sal berê, jiyabe.)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ev serdemeke <a href="/wiki/Teknoloj%C3%AE" title="Teknolojî">pêşketinên teknolojîk</a> û civakî yên prîmîtîf bû. Neolîtîk di nêzîkî 10.200 b.z. de li hin cihên Rojhilata Navîn dest pê kir, û li deverên din yên cîhanê paşê dest pê kir.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellwood_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellwood-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di navbera 4.500 û 2.000 b.z de bi dawî bû. Neolîtîk pêşveçûneke taybetmendî û guherînên tevgerî û çandî ye ku tê de bikaranîna dehlên kovî û xwemalî û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navmalb%C3%BBn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Navmalbûn (rûpel hê tune)">heywanên kedîkirî</a> jî pêk hatiye. </p><p>Serdema neolîtîkê bi çandiniyê dest pê kir, ku "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ore%C5%9Fa_Neol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreşa Neolîtîkê (rûpel hê tune)">Şoreşa Neolîtîkê</a>" çêkir. Çandiniya neolîtîk a destpêkî bi çend cinsên nebatên kedîkirî û kovî, û xwedîkirina kûçik, <a href="/wiki/Mih" title="Mih">mih</a> û <a href="/wiki/Bizin" title="Bizin">bizinan</a> re sînordar bû. Di serdema neolîtîkê de pêşketina <a href="/wiki/Gund" title="Gund">gundên</a> ewilî, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87andin%C3%AE" title="Çandinî">çandinî</a>, kedîkirina heywanan, amûr, û şerên herî kevn ên qeydkirî pêk hatine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jîngehên mirovan mayindetir bûn. Xaniyên girover ên ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerp%C3%AE%C3%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerpîç (rûpel hê tune)">kerpîçê</a> çêkirî û bi tenê odeyekê li hin ji wan jîngehan de hebûn. Dibe ku dîwarekî kevirî li derdora jîngehan hebûn da ku heywanên kedîkirî tê de xwedî bikin û şêniyan ji eşîrên din biparêzin. Jîngehên ku dûra hatin, xwedî xaniyên kerpîçî ên çargoşeyî ne ku malbatan wê demê di tenê odeyekê de an jî di gelek odeyan de bi hev re dijiyan. Vedîtinên definkirinê, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ola_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fiyan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ola pêşiyan (rûpel hê tune)">kulteke bav û kalan</a> dide pêşî ku mirovan <a href="/wiki/Kilox" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilox">kiloxên</a> miriyên xwe diparastin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87anda_Vin%C4%8Da&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çanda Vinča (rûpel hê tune)">Çanda Vinčayê</a> dibe ku pergala nivîsînê ya herî pêşîn afirandibe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kompleksên perestgeha <a href="/wiki/Megal%C3%AEt" title="Megalît">megalîtîk</a> ên <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0gantija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ġgantija (rûpel hê tune)">Ġgantija</a> bi avahiyên xwe yên gewre berbiçav in. Her çend hin civakên ewrasyayî ên neolîtîka dereng mîrektiyên tebeqekirî ên tevlihev û hetta dewletan ava kiribin jî, dewletên pêşîn li Ewrasyayê piştî derketina metalurjiyê hatine damezrandin, û piraniya civakên neolîtîkê bi giştî cikavên sade û wekhevîxwaz bûn.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_D._Katz_Rigby_2000_352_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard_D._Katz_Rigby_2000_352-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hejmareke mezin a derziyên ji hestî û qiloçan çêkirî hatine vedîtin, ku ew ji bo girêdana çermê îdeal in lewra wisa dixuye ku piraniya cilûbergan ji çermên heywanan hatine çêkirin. Kevirên qulkirî ên ku (li gorî mezinahiyê) dibe wek serê girover ê <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%9F%C3%AE" title="Teşî">teşiyan</a> an jî giraniya <a href="/wiki/Tevn" title="Tevn">tevnan</a> hatibin bikaranîn hatine vedîtin<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> lewra cil û kitanên ji <a href="/wiki/Hir%C3%AE" title="Hirî">hiriyê</a> çêkirî di dawiya neolîtîkê de<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dibe ku derketibin holê. </p><p>Serdema neolîtîkê bi belavbûna amûrên metalî re (di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_paxir%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serdema paxirê (rûpel hê tune)">serdema paxirî</a> an <a href="/wiki/Serdema_bronz%C3%AE" title="Serdema bronzî">serdema bronzî</a> de; an jî li hin herêmên cografî di <a href="/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî">serdema hesinî</a> de) bi dawî bûye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalkolîtîk"><span id="Kalkol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk"></span>Kalkolîtîk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Kalkolîtîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kalkolîtîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/220px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/330px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/440px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>Hunera hunermendekê li ser bajarekî bi dîwaran a Serdema Paxirî, Los Millares, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEvgirava_%C3%8Eber%C3%AE" title="Nîvgirava Îberî">Îberîa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Di arkeolojiya Cîhana Kevn de, "Kalkolîtîk", "Eneolîtîk" an "Serdema paxirî" qala serdemeke veguhêz dike ku di vê demê de hem metalurjiya <a href="/wiki/Mis" title="Mis">paxirê</a> ya pêşîn xuya dibe hem jî amûrên kevirî bi berfirehî tên bikaranîn. Hin çek û amûr di vê serdemê de ji paxirê hatine çêkirin. Ev serdem ji aliyê karakterê ve bi giranî hîn serdema neolîtîkê bû lê belê ev qonaxeke <a href="/wiki/Serdema_bronz%C3%AE" title="Serdema bronzî">serdema bronzî</a> ye berî ku were kifşkirin ku bi tevîhevkirina <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AEl_(metal)" title="Pîl (metal)">qelay</a> û <a href="/wiki/Mis" title="Mis">paxirê</a> re madeneke reqtir, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronz (rûpel hê tune)">bronz</a>, çêdibe. Serdema paxirî pêşî wekî sedemeke veguhêzînê di navbera <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Neolîtîk">neolîtîk</a> û serdema bronzî de dihat pênasekirin. Lê belê ji ber ku bi bikaranîna metalan tê karekterîzekirin, serdema paxirî wek parçeyeke serdema bronzî tê hesibandin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG/220px-TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG/330px-TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG/440px-TimnaChalcolithicMine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Kaniya paxirê ya kalkolîtîk li Geliyê Timna, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ola_Negev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çola Negev (rûpel hê tune)">Çola Negev</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Esra%C3%AAl" title="Îsraêl">Îsraêl</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Şûnwareke arkeolojîk li <a href="/wiki/Serbistan" title="Serbistan">Serbistanê</a> kevntirîn delîlên ewledar ên çêkirina paxirê di germahiya bilind de ji 7.500 sal berê dihundirîne. Vedîtinên di Hezîrana 2010an de qeydên helandina paxirê bi qasî 800 salan kevntir dike, û pêşniyaz dike dibe ku helandina paxirê ji cihekî belav nebûbe lê belê di wê demê de li deverên cuda yên Asya û Ewropayê, bi awayekî ji hev serbixwe hatibe îcadkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-archaeology.ws_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaeology.ws-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Diyardeya metalurjiyê dibe ku ewilî di <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AElala_Berhemdar" title="Hîlala Berhemdar">Hîlala Berhemdar</a> de hatibe pê, ku li wê derê di <a href="/w/index.php?title=BZ_hezarsala_4an&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BZ hezarsala 4an (rûpel hê tune)">berî zayînê hezarsala 4an</a> de bûye sebebê serdema bronzî (nêrîna tradîsyonel). Lê belê vedîtinên ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87anda_Vin%C4%8Day%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çanda Vinčayê (rûpel hê tune)">çanda Vinčayê</a> ya Ewropayê niha bi ewlehî hatine tarîxkirin ku ji yên Hîlala Berhemdar hinek kevntir in. Delîlên kanzakirina paxirê li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geliy%C3%AA_Timnay%C3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geliyê Timnayê (rûpel hê tune)">Geliyê Timnayê</a> di navbera 9000 - 7000 sal berê de heye. Pêvajoya veguhastina ji neolîtîk ber bi kalkolîtîkê ve li Rojhilata Navîn di çêkirina amûrên kevirê yên arkeolojîk de bi kêmbûna kirîn û bikaranîna materyalên xav a kalîteya bilind ve tê diyarkirin. Afrîkaya Bakur û Geliyê Nîlê teknolojiya xwe ya hesinî ji Rojhilata Nêzîk îthal kir û pêşketinên serdema bronzî û hesinî bi riya Rojhilata Nêzîk şopand. Lê belê Serdema hesinî û bronzî di heman demê de li piraniya Afrîkayê rû da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdema_kevir%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:P_history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:D%C3%AErok" title="Portal:Dîrok">Portala Dîrok </a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dd><i>Ev gotar ji agahiyên naveroka <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prehistory&amp;oldid=1025219856">vê guhertoya</a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistory">gotara wekhev</a> a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page"><i>Wîkîpediyaya îngilîzî</i></a> pêk tê.</i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nhm.ac.uk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhm.ac.uk_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1850135">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818123718/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2010/august/oldest-tool-use-and-meat-eating-revealed75831.html">"Oldest tool use and meat-eating revealed &#124; Natural History Museum"</a> (bi îngilîzî). 18 tebax 2010. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2010/august/oldest-tool-use-and-meat-eating-revealed75831.html">orîjînalê</a> di 18 tebax 2010 de hat arşîvkirin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Oldest+tool+use+and+meat-eating+revealed+%26%23124%3B+Natural+History+Museum&amp;rft.date=2010-08-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2F2010%2Faugust%2Foldest-tool-use-and-meat-eating-revealed75831.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFEditors" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Editors, History com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/stone-age">"Stone Age"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i> (bi îngilîzî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">31 gulan</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HISTORY&amp;rft.atitle=Stone+Age&amp;rft.aulast=Editors&amp;rft.aufirst=History+com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fpre-history%2Fstone-age&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;paşnav=</code> sernavekî giştî bi kar tîne (<a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Xeletiy%C3%AAn_%C3%A7avkaniy%C3%AA#generic_name" title="Alîkarî:Xeletiyên çavkaniyê">alîkarî</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Essence of Anthropology 3rd ed. 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Pg 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFBernaGoldbergHorwitzBrink2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berna, Francesco; Goldberg, Paul; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Brink, James; Holt, Sharon; Bamford, Marion; Chazan, Michael (15 gulan 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356665">"Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> (bi îngilîzî). <b>109</b> (20): E1215–20. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1117620109">10.1073/pnas.1117620109</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Gihiştin belaş e"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356665">3356665</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22474385">22474385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Microstratigraphic+evidence+of+in+situ+fire+in+the+Acheulean+strata+of+Wonderwerk+Cave%2C+Northern+Cape+province%2C+South+Africa&amp;rft.volume=109&amp;rft.issue=20&amp;rft.pages=E1215-20&amp;rft.date=2012-05-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3356665%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=0027-8424&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22474385&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1117620109&amp;rft.aulast=Berna&amp;rft.aufirst=Francesco&amp;rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Paul&amp;rft.au=Horwitz%2C+Liora+Kolska&amp;rft.au=Brink%2C+James&amp;rft.au=Holt%2C+Sharon&amp;rft.au=Bamford%2C+Marion&amp;rft.au=Chazan%2C+Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3356665&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFGowlett2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gowlett, J. 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By Daniel Nettle, Suzanne Romaine Merton Professor of English Language University of Oxford. pp. 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFEarle1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Earle, Timothy (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_1989-02_30_1/page/84">"Chiefdoms"</a>. <i>Current Anthropology</i> (bi îngilîzî). <b>30</b> (1): 84–88. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F203717">10.1086/203717</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (rûpel hê tune)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2743311">2743311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&amp;rft.atitle=Chiefdoms&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=84-88&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F203717&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2743311%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Earle&amp;rft.aufirst=Timothy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_current-anthropology_1989-02_30_1%2Fpage%2F84&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Mesolithic">"Mesolithic | Definition, Technology, &amp; Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (bi îngilîzî)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 13 hezîran 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Mesolithic+%7C+Definition%2C+Technology%2C+%26+Facts&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FMesolithic&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021213642/http://www.worldmuseumofman.org/neolithic.php">"World Museum of Man: Neolithic / Chalcolithic Period"</a> (bi îngilîzî). World Museum of Man. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldmuseumofman.org/neolithic.php">orîjînalê</a> di 21 çiriya pêşîn 2013 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">21 tebax</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Museum+of+Man%3A+Neolithic+%2F+Chalcolithic+Period&amp;rft.pub=World+Museum+of+Man&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldmuseumofman.org%2Fneolithic.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFLyras2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lyras; û&#160;yên&#160;din. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401103740/https://www.academia.edu/1155557/The_origin_of_Homo_floresiensis_and_its_relation_to_evolutionary_processes_under_isolation">"The origin of Homo floresiensis and its relation to evolutionary processes under isolation"</a>. <i>Anthropological Science</i> (bi îngilîzî). Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1155557">orîjînalê</a> di 1 nîsan 2021 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 12 kanûna pêşîn 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+origin+of+Homo+floresiensis+and+its+relation+to+evolutionary+processes+under+isolation&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.au=Lyras&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1155557&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellwood-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellwood_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Figure 3.3 from <i>First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bellwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bellwood (rûpel hê tune)">Peter Bellwood</a>, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611045553/http://perfectirishgifts.com/blog/2008/06/prehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html">"The Perfect Gift: Prehistoric Massacres. The twin vices of women and cattle in prehistoric Europe"</a> (bi îngilîzî). Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfectirishgifts.com/blog/2008/06/prehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html">orîjînalê</a> di 11 hezîran 2008 de hat arşîvkirin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Perfect+Gift%3A+Prehistoric+Massacres.+The+twin+vices+of+women+and+cattle+in+prehistoric+Europe&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfectirishgifts.com%2Fblog%2F2008%2F06%2Fprehistoric_massacres_the_twin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFWinn1981" class="citation book cs1">Winn, Shan (1981). <i>Pre-writing in Southeastern Europe: The Sign System of the Vinča Culture ca. 4000 BC</i>. Calgary: Western Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pre-writing+in+Southeastern+Europe%3A+The+Sign+System+of+the+Vin%C4%8Da+Culture+ca.+4000+BC&amp;rft.place=Calgary&amp;rft.pub=Western+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.aulast=Winn&amp;rft.aufirst=Shan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonard_D._Katz_Rigby_2000_352-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_D._Katz_Rigby_2000_352_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard_D._Katz_RigbyS._Stephen_Henry_Rigby2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leonard D. Katz Rigby; S. Stephen Henry Rigby (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401103747/https://books.google.com/books?id=6wFHth05xkoC&amp;pg=PA158"><i>Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives</i></a> (bi îngilîzî). United kingdom: Imprint Academic. r.&#160;158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Taybet:BookSources/978-0-7190-5612-3" title="Taybet:BookSources/978-0-7190-5612-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-5612-3</bdi></a>. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6wFHth05xkoC&amp;pg=PA158">orîjînalê</a> di 1 nîsan 2021 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">22 tebax</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Origins+of+Morality%3A+Cross-disciplinary+Perspectives&amp;rft.place=United+kingdom&amp;rft.pages=158&amp;rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5612-3&amp;rft.au=Leonard+D.+Katz+Rigby&amp;rft.au=S.+Stephen+Henry+Rigby&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6wFHth05xkoC%26pg%3DPA158&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gibbs, Kevin T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401103719/https://www.academia.edu/1587878/Pierced_clay_disks_and_Late_Neolithic_textile_production_Gibbs_2008_">"Pierced clay disks and Late Neolithic textile production"</a> (bi îngilîzî). Academia.org. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1587878">orîjînalê</a> di 1 nîsan 2021 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 5 îlon 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Pierced+clay+disks+and+Late+Neolithic+textile+production&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Gibbs&amp;rft.aufirst=Kevin+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1587878&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Ji bo journal parametreya <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> hewce ye (<a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Xeletiy%C3%AAn_%C3%A7avkaniy%C3%AA#missing_periodical" title="Alîkarî:Xeletiyên çavkaniyê">alîkarî</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1993" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Green, Jean M (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211201745/http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/17022/?sequence=1">"Unraveling the Enigma of the Bi: The Spindle Whorl as the Model of the Ritual Disk"</a>. <i>Asian Perspectives</i> (bi îngilîzî). <b>32</b> (1): 105–124. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/17022/?sequence=1">orîjînalê</a> di 11 sibat 2015 de hat arşîvkirin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&amp;rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+Enigma+of+the+Bi%3A+The+Spindle+Whorl+as+the+Model+of+the+Ritual+Disk&amp;rft.volume=32&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=105-124&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.aulast=Green&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean+M&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10125%2F17022%2F%3Fsequence%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFCook2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cook, M (2007). "The clay loom weight, in: Early Neolithic ritual activity, Bronze Age occupation and medieval activity at Pitlethie Road, Leuchars, Fife". <i>Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal</i> (bi îngilîzî). <b>13</b>: 1–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Tayside+and+Fife+Archaeological+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=The+clay+loom+weight%2C+in%3A+Early+Neolithic+ritual+activity%2C+Bronze+Age+occupation+and+medieval+activity+at+Pitlethie+Road%2C+Leuchars%2C+Fife&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.pages=1-23&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Cook&amp;rft.aufirst=M&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Harris, Susanna (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401103719/https://www.academia.edu/203730/Smooth_and_cool_or_warm_and_soft_investigating_the_properties_of_cloth_in_prehistory_In_E_Andersson_Strand_M_Gleba_U_Mannering_C_Munkholt_M_Ringgaard_eds_North_European_Symposium_for_Archaeological_Textiles_X_Oxford_Oxbow_Books_Ancient_Textiles_Series_5_pp_140_112">"Smooth and Cool, or Warm and Soft: Investigatingthe Properties of Cloth in Prehistory"</a> (bi îngilîzî). Academia.edu. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/203730">orîjînalê</a> di 1 nîsan 2021 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 5 îlon 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Smooth+and+Cool%2C+or+Warm+and+Soft%3A+Investigatingthe+Properties+of+Cloth+in+Prehistory&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=Susanna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F203730&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Ji bo journal parametreya <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> hewce ye (<a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Xeletiy%C3%AAn_%C3%A7avkaniy%C3%AA#missing_periodical" title="Alîkarî:Xeletiyên çavkaniyê">alîkarî</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505105137/http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/MrMEarlyHumansProject/PDFs/PaleolithictoNeolithicDescriptions.pdf">"Aspects of Life During the Neolithic Period"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (bi îngilîzî). Teachers' Curriculum Institute. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/MrMEarlyHumansProject/PDFs/PaleolithictoNeolithicDescriptions.pdf">orîjînalê</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> di 5 gulan 2016 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê 5 îlon 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Life+During+the+Neolithic+Period&amp;rft.pub=Teachers%27+Curriculum+Institute&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitchellteachers.org%2FWorldHistory%2FMrMEarlyHumansProject%2FPDFs%2FPaleolithictoNeolithicDescriptions.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3ASerdema+kevir%C3%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archaeology.ws-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archaeology.ws_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508005006/http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/60563/description/Serbian_site_may_have_hosted_first_copper_makers">"Serbian site may have hosted first copper makers"</a>. <i>ScienceNews</i> (bi îngilîzî). 17 tîrmeh 2010. 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class="new" title="Hilweşîna serdema bronzî (rûpel hê tune)">Hilweşîna serdema bronzî</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî">Serdema hesinî</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrous_metallurgy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrous metallurgy (rûpel hê tune)">History of ferrous metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron meteorite (rûpel hê tune)">Iron meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalurj%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalurjî (rûpel hê tune)">Metalurjî</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11759#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Kontrola_otor%C3%AEte" class="mw-redirect" title="Alîkarî:Kontrola otorîte">Danegehên kontrola otorîteyê</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11759#identifiers" title="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre"><img alt="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neteweyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4057226-2">Almanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007536423205171">Îsraêl</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85128291">DYA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570630">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="doba kamenná"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph137450&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Komara Çekî</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hunermend</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/4ddef235-19e0-4f6d-9a18-ded0ce96c3e9">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yên din</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/004310">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐z77wl Cached time: 20241114234813 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.471 seconds Real time usage: 0.691 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1473/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 68953/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1110/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 82501/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.284/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4892633/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 598.111 1 -total 36.61% 218.947 1 Şablon:Çavkanî 25.50% 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