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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regulation by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulation_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regulation by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regulation_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Restricted_over-the-counter_substances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restricted_over-the-counter_substances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Restricted over-the-counter substances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restricted_over-the-counter_substances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transitions_between_prescription_and_OTC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitions_between_prescription_and_OTC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transitions between prescription and OTC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transitions_between_prescription_and_OTC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Over-the-counter drug</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9" title="أدوية متاحة دون وصفة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدوية متاحة دون وصفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A7" title="ব্যবস্থাপত্র ছাড়া লভ্য ঔষধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যবস্থাপত্র ছাড়া লভ্য ঔষধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicament_de_venda_lliure" title="Medicament de venda lliure – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medicament de venda lliure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndk%C3%B8bsl%C3%A6gemiddel" title="Håndkøbslægemiddel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Håndkøbslægemiddel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezeptfreies_Medikament" title="Rezeptfreies Medikament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rezeptfreies Medikament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicamento_de_venta_libre" title="Medicamento de venta libre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicamento de venta libre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%87" title="داروی بدون نسخه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داروی بدون نسخه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dicament_en_vente_libre" title="Médicament en vente libre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médicament en vente libre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga%C3%AD_thar_an_gcuntar" title="Drugaí thar an gcuntar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Drugaí thar an gcuntar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%98%EC%95%BD%ED%92%88" title="일반의약품 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일반의약품" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penggolongan_obat" title="Penggolongan obat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penggolongan obat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmaco_da_banco" title="Farmaco da banco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Farmaco da banco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9D" title="תרופה ללא מרשם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרופה ללא מרשם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82" title="Лек без рецепт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лек без рецепт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC-%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8C%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓവർ-ദി-കൌണ്ടർ മരുന്ന് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓവർ-ദി-കൌണ്ടർ മരുന്ന്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubat_belian_kaunter" title="Ubat belian kaunter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ubat belian kaunter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelfzorgmedicijn" title="Zelfzorgmedicijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zelfzorgmedicijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BB%E8%96%AC%E5%93%81" title="一般用医薬品 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="一般用医薬品" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reseptfritt" title="Reseptfritt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reseptfritt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leki_dost%C4%99pne_bez_recepty_lekarskiej" title="Leki dostępne bez recepty lekarskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leki dostępne bez recepty lekarskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicamento_de_venda_livre" title="Medicamento de venda livre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medicamento de venda livre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicament_f%C4%83r%C4%83_prescrip%C8%9Bie" title="Medicament fără prescripție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medicament fără prescripție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Over-the-counter drug" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravilo_brez_recepta" title="Zdravilo brez recepta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zdravilo brez recepta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8E_%DA%95%DB%95%DA%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95" title="دەرمانی بەبێ ڕەچەتە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەرمانی بەبێ ڕەچەتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsehoitol%C3%A4%C3%A4ke" title="Itsehoitolääke – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itsehoitolääke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptfria_l%C3%A4kemedel" title="Receptfria läkemedel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Receptfria läkemedel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఓవర్ ది కౌంటర్ మందులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఓవర్ ది కౌంటర్ మందులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ยาจำหน่ายหน้าเคาน์เตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยาจำหน่ายหน้าเคาน์เตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7etesiz_ila%C3%A7" title="Reçetesiz ilaç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reçetesiz ilaç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_kh%C3%B4ng_k%C3%AA_%C4%91%C6%A1n" title="Thuốc không kê đơn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuốc không kê đơn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%A4%84%E6%96%B9%E8%8D%AF" title="非处方药 – Wu" lang="wuu" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 02:30, 16 October 2024 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/66.215.184.32" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/66.215.184.32" data-mw-revid="1251429083"><bdi>66.215.184.32</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:66.215.184.32" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:66.215.184.32">talk</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Netherlands">→<bdi dir="ltr">Netherlands</bdi></a>: </span> If the source is credible, then the citation should conform to standards.)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&diff=prev&oldid=1251429083" title="Over-the-counter drug">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&direction=prev&oldid=1251429083" title="Over-the-counter drug">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medication available without a prescription</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Over-the-counter" redirects here. For the securities trading method, see <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter (finance)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspirin1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Aspirin1.jpg/220px-Aspirin1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Aspirin1.jpg/330px-Aspirin1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Aspirin1.jpg/440px-Aspirin1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>OTC <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a> medication with <a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">child-resistant packaging</a> (cap) and <a href="/wiki/Tamper-resistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper-resistant">tamper-resistant</a> carton and innerseal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PLcodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PLcodes.jpg/220px-PLcodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="546" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PLcodes.jpg/330px-PLcodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PLcodes.jpg/440px-PLcodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption>Photo of the packaging of four medicines dispensed in the United Kingdom showing their <a href="/wiki/Product_Licence_Number" title="Product Licence Number">Product Licence Numbers</a> and symbols denoting if they are Prescription Only Medicine (POM) or Pharmacy Medicine (P), or lacking either, denoting General Sales List (GSL). From top to bottom: <a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">mebendazole</a> (P), <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">amlodipine</a> (POM), <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a> (POM), <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (GSL).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Over-the-counter</b> (<b>OTC</b>) <b>drugs</b> are <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medicines</a> sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescription</a> from a healthcare professional,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescription drugs">prescription drugs</a>, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. In many countries, OTC drugs are selected by a <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_agency" title="Regulatory agency">regulatory agency</a> to ensure that they contain ingredients that are safe and effective when used without a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>'s care. OTC drugs are usually regulated according to their <a href="/wiki/Active_pharmaceutical_ingredient" class="mw-redirect" title="Active pharmaceutical ingredient">active pharmaceutical ingredient</a> (API) and strengths of final products.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>over-the-counter</i> (<i>OTC</i>) refers to a medication that can be purchased without a medical prescription.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a> require a prescription from a doctor or other health care professional and should only be used by the prescribed individual.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some drugs may be legally classified as over-the-counter (i.e. no prescription is required), but may only be dispensed by a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a> after an assessment of the patient's needs or the provision of <a href="/wiki/Patient_education" title="Patient education">patient education</a>. Regulations detailing the establishments where drugs may be sold, who is authorized to dispense them, and whether a prescription is required vary considerably from country to country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2011, around a third of older adults in the U.S. reportedly used OTC drugs, and this number is increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2018, the prevalence of use by adults in the U.S. as first-line treatment for minor illnesses had reached 81%: however, there is some debate as to whether this figure relates to an actual improvement of health.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation_by_country">Regulation by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regulation by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, there are four drug schedules:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Schedule 1: Requires a prescription for sale and is provided to the public by a licensed pharmacist.</li> <li>Schedule 2: Does not require a prescription but requires an assessment by a pharmacist prior to sale. These drugs are kept in an area of the pharmacy where there is no public access and may also be referred to as "behind-the-counter" drugs.</li> <li>Schedule 3: Does not require a prescription but must be kept in an area under the supervision of a pharmacist. These drugs are kept in an area of the retail outlet where self-selection is possible, but a pharmacist must be available to assist in the self-selection of medication if required.</li> <li>Unscheduled: Does not require a prescription and may be sold in any retail outlet.</li></ul> <p>All medications other than Schedule 1 may be considered an OTC drug, as they do not require prescriptions for sale. While the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities provides recommendations on the scheduling of drugs for sale in Canada, each province may determine its own scheduling.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drugs found in each schedule may vary from province to province.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2016, India's Drug Consultative Committee announced it was embarking on establishing a definition of drugs which could be dispensed without a prescription.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, the general assumption was that any drug which did not fall into a prescription schedule could be purchased without a prescription.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the needed definition had not been enacted by early 2018. The lack of a legal definition for OTC drugs has led to this <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$4 billion</span> market segment being effectively unregulated.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, there are four categories:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>UR (Uitsluitend Recept): prescription only</li> <li>UA (Uitsluitend Apotheek): pharmacist only</li> <li>UAD (Uitsluitend Apotheek of Drogist): pharmacist or drugstore only</li> <li>AV (Algemene Verkoop): may be sold in general stores</li></ul> <p>A drug that is UA may be sold OTC but only by pharmacists. The drug can be on the shelves like any other product. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Domperidone" title="Domperidone">domperidone</a>, 400 mg <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> up to 50 tablets and <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a>. A drug that is UAD can also be sold at drugstores which are stores where no prescription can be filled. The drugs are usually on the shelves, and the store also sells items like toys, gadgets, perfumes and homeopathic products. The drugs in this category have limited risk and addiction potential. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">naproxen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a> in small amounts, <a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">cinnarizine</a>, 400 mg ibuprofen up to 20 tablets and also 500 mg <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> up to 50 tablets. Drugs in the AV category can be sold at <a href="/wiki/Supermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarkets">supermarkets</a>, gas stations, etc. and include only drugs with minimal risk to the public, like paracetamol up to 20 tablets, 200 mg ibuprofen up to 10 tablets, <a href="/wiki/Cetirizine" title="Cetirizine">cetirizine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">loperamide</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the manufacture and sale of OTC substances are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>. The FDA requires that all "new drugs" obtain a <a href="/wiki/New_Drug_Application" title="New Drug Application">New Drug Application</a> (NDA) before entering interstate commerce, but the act exempts any drugs <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe_and_effective" title="Generally recognized as safe and effective">generally recognized as safe and effective</a> (GRAS/E).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To deal with the vast number of OTC drugs that were already on the market before the requirement that all drugs obtain an NDA, the FDA created the OTC monograph system to review classes of drugs and to categorize them as GRAS/E after review by expert panels. Certain classes of OTC drugs would not be required to obtain an NDA and could remain on the market if they conformed to the monograph guidelines for doses, labeling, and warnings finalized in the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, an OTC drug product is allowed to be marketed either (1) pursuant to an <a href="/wiki/Monograph#United_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration_regulation" title="Monograph">FDA monograph</a> or (2) pursuant to an NDA for products that do not fit within a specific monograph.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the possibility that certain OTC drug products are marketed under the grandfathering provisions of the <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a></i>, but the FDA has never formally acknowledged that any legitimate grandfathered OTC drug exists. </p><p>Examples of OTC substances approved in the United States are sunscreens, anti-microbial and anti-fungal products, external and internal analgesics such as <a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eczema" class="mw-redirect" title="Eczema">eczema</a> topical treatments, anti-<a href="/wiki/Dandruff" title="Dandruff">dandruff</a> shampoos containing <a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">coal tar</a>, and other topical products with a therapeutic effect. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> regulates advertising of OTC products, in contrast to prescription drug advertising, which is regulated by the FDA.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FDA requires OTC products to be labeled with an approved "Drug Facts" label to educate consumers about their medications. The labels comply to a standard format and are intended to be easy for typical consumers to understand. Drug Facts labels include information on the product's <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredient(s)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indication_(medicine)" title="Indication (medicine)">indications</a> and purpose, safety warnings, directions for use, and <a href="/wiki/Inactive_ingredients" class="mw-redirect" title="Inactive ingredients">inactive ingredients</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2020 <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act"><i>Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</i></a> (CARES Act) includes reforms that modernize the way certain OTC drugs are regulated in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_CARES_OTC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_CARES_OTC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many OTC monographs need to be updated but updating or changing an OTC monograph requires the slow and burdensome notice-and-comment rulemaking process.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_CARES_OTC_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_CARES_OTC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CARES Act includes OTC monograph reform provisions that replace the rulemaking process with an administrative order process.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_CARES_OTC_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_CARES_OTC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restricted_over-the-counter_substances">Restricted over-the-counter substances</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Restricted over-the-counter substances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ill-defined third category of substances is products having over-the-counter status from the FDA while being simultaneously subject to other restrictions on sale. While they are legally classified as OTC drugs, they are typically stored behind the counter and are sold only in stores that are registered with their state. They may be unavailable in convenience and grocery stores that stock other non-restricted OTC medications. </p><p>For example, many drugstores have moved products containing <a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">pseudoephedrine</a>, an OTC product, into locations where customers must ask a pharmacist for them. A prescription is not required; the change has been made in an effort to reduce <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> production. Since the passage of the <i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Methamphetamine_Precursor_Control_Act" title="Illinois Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act">Illinois Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act</a></i> and the subsequent federal <i><a href="/wiki/Combat_Methamphetamine_Epidemic_Act_of_2005" title="Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005">Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005</a></i>, the purchase of pseudoephedrine is restricted. Sellers of pseudoephedrine must obtain and record the identity of the purchaser and enforce <a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine#United_States" title="Pseudoephedrine">quantity restrictions</a>. After initial attempts to control methamphetamine use (by requiring documentation of sale with government issued ID as well as limits on the quantity an individual could purchase) failed to realize meaningful reductions in methamphetamine use and production, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> passed House Bill 512 in the State Senate on February 2, 2010 "to require a prescription from a licensed medical professional to purchase over-the-counter medicines with pseudoephedrine, <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">ephedrine</a>, or any other precursor chemical that can readily and illicitly be converted into <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methcathinone" title="Methcathinone">methcathinone</a> or any active/scheduled analogs of <a href="/wiki/Phenylethylamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenylethylamines">phenylethylamines</a>/<wbr /><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="can't verify this wording (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, products containing the substance are still OTC in most states, since no prescription is required. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_b_one_step.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plan_b_one_step.jpg/220px-Plan_b_one_step.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plan_b_one_step.jpg/330px-Plan_b_one_step.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Plan_b_one_step.jpg/440px-Plan_b_one_step.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Plan B One-Step</figcaption></figure> <p>A similar regulation once applied to some forms of <a href="/wiki/Emergency_contraception" title="Emergency contraception">emergency contraception</a>. However, on February 25, 2014, the FDA approved generic one-pill emergency contraception products for unrestricted sale on the shelf. There is no age limit or need for ID to purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, some <a href="/wiki/List_of_Schedule_V_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Schedule V drugs">Schedule V</a> controlled substances may be classified as OTC products in certain states. Such drugs are sold without a prescription but are subject to record-keeping rules and quantity and/or age restrictions, and they must be dispensed by a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, pharmacies frequently require a prescription for Schedule V drugs as a matter of policy, despite their OTC status according to applicable laws and regulations. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, medication is governed by the Medicines Regulations 2012. Medication falls into one of three categories:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Prescription Only Medication (POM), which is legally available only with a valid prescription from a prescriber. A <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a> has to be on the premises for POM medicines to be dispensed, required by law. The medicine has been specifically prescribed for the patient holding the prescription, so it is considered safe for only the recipient to take. Just a small example of these include most <a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">antibiotics</a> and all <a href="/wiki/Antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidepressants">antidepressants</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antidiabetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidiabetic">antidiabetic</a> medications. Certain POM medicines are additionally marked Controlled Drug (CD) due to risk of abuse and the possibility of diversion for sale as street drugs. Examples of CDs include all <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepines" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodiazepines">benzodiazepines</a> and strong opioids such as <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a>.</li> <li>General Sales List (GSL), available off the shelf with no pharmacy training required to sell (so they can be sold anywhere, such as supermarkets). In general, they are considered safe for most people when taken correctly. Examples of these include 16-packs (or less) of painkillers such as <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a> as well as a host of other medications such as small pack sizes of some <a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">antihistamines</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a> medication, and skin creams. This also includes the <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drug">recreational</a> substances <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a> (where they are included in medicinal products), and some <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a> preparations.</li> <li>Pharmacy Medicines (P) are medicines that are legally neither a POM or GSL medication. These can be sold from a registered pharmacy but should not be available for self-selection (although directions to discuss a 'P' product may be allocated shelf space with associated GSL items). 'P' medications are reserved from the GSL list as they are either associated with a need for advice on use, or used in conditions which may require referral to a medical prescriber. Suitably trained counter assistants may sell a 'P' medication under the supervision of a pharmacist and will ask questions to determine if the customer needs to be referred for a discussion with a pharmacist. Some 'POM' medicines are available for use in certain situations and doses as 'P' medicines.</li></ol> <p>If it is not appropriate to sell a 'P' medication – i.e. the condition is not suitable for self-management and requires referral to a medical prescriber – then a sale should not occur and the pharmacist has a legal and professional obligation to refer this on to an appropriate service. </p><p>Examples of these include some sleep aid tablets such as <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a>, human <a href="/wiki/Deworming" title="Deworming">deworming</a> tablets such as <a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">mebendazole</a>, painkillers with small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a> (up to 12.8 mg per tablet), and <a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">pseudoephedrine</a>. Medication available only with a prescription is marked somewhere on the box/container with [POM]. Pharmacy-only products are marked with [P]. A prescription is not required for [P] medicines, and pharmacy sales assistants are required by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pharmaceutical_Society" title="Royal Pharmaceutical Society">Royal Pharmaceutical Society</a> codes to ask certain questions, which varies for what the customer says. If they ask for a specific product, the pharmacy assistant must ask "Who is it for?", "How long have you had the symptoms?", "Are you allergic to any medication?", "Are you taking any medication?" ('WHAM' questions). If a customer asks for a remedy, e.g., hay fever, then the '2WHAM questions' must be asked "Who is it for?", "What are the symptoms?", "How long have you had the symptoms?", "Have you taken any action towards your symptoms?", and "Are you taking any other medication?". It is with this information that the pharmacist can halt the sale, if need be. No [POM], [P] or [GSL] products that are stocked in a pharmacy can be sold, dispensed, or pre-made until a responsible pharmacist is signed in and on the premises. Some medication available in supermarkets and petrol stations is sold only in smaller packet sizes. Often, larger packs will be marked as [P] and available only from a pharmacy. Frequently, customers buying larger-than-usual doses of [P] medicines (such as <a href="/wiki/DXM" class="mw-redirect" title="DXM">DXM</a>, promethazine, codeine or <a href="/wiki/Gee%27s_Linctus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gee's Linctus">Gee's Linctus</a>) will be queried, due to the possibility of abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transitions_between_prescription_and_OTC">Transitions between prescription and OTC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transitions between prescription and OTC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a general rule, over-the-counter drugs have to be used primarily to treat a condition that does not require the direct supervision of a doctor and must be proven to be reasonably safe and well tolerated.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OTC drugs are usually also required to have little or no abuse potential, although in some areas drugs such as <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a> are available OTC (usually in strictly limited formulations or requiring paperwork or identification to be submitted during purchase).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, often 3–6 years, drugs that prove themselves safe and appropriate as prescription medicines may be switched from prescription to OTC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An example of this is <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a> (Benadryl), an anti-histamine which once required a prescription but now is available OTC nearly everywhere.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> More recent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> examples are <a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">cimetidine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">loratadine</a> in the United States, and <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> in Australia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It is somewhat unusual for an OTC drug to be withdrawn from the market as a result of safety concerns, rather than market forces, though it does happen occasionally. For example, <a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">phenylpropanolamine</a> was removed from sale in the United States over concern regarding <a href="/wiki/Strokes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strokes">strokes</a> in young women.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study has been done examining consumer's perceptions about the risk of and access to nonprescription medication. The study concluded that a small percentage of consumers prefer having access to medication over potential risks of taking non-prescribed medication.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine">Ranitidine</a> was suspended in multiple markets due to concerns over the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a> <a href="/wiki/N-Nitrosodimethylamine" title="N-Nitrosodimethylamine"><i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine</a> (NDMA).<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_Q&A_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Q&A-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_removal_PR_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EU_suspension_PR_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_suspension_PR-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United Kingdom, it was announced in February 2007 that <a href="/wiki/Boots_the_Chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Boots the Chemist">Boots the Chemist</a> would try over-the-counter sales of Viagra in stores in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester, England</a> (previous available as prescription only). Men aged between 30 and 65 could buy four tablets after a consultation with a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_interactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug interactions">Drug interactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe_and_effective" title="Generally recognized as safe and effective">Generally recognized as safe and effective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverse_benefit_law" title="Inverse benefit law">Inverse benefit law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">Medical prescription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_counseling" title="Over-the-counter counseling">Over-the-counter counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranitidine#impurities" title="Ranitidine">Ranitidine impurities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Regulation of therapeutic goods</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Over-the-counter+Viagra+piloted&rft.date=2007-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F6351171.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOver-the-counter+drug" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_drug&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023351/https://shs.uncg.edu/clinic/pharmacy/otc/complete">Complete list of OTC drugs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumermedsafety.org/tools-and-resources/over-the-counter-medicines">"Over-the-Counter Medicines Guide"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309105550/http://www.consumermedsafety.org/tools-and-resources/over-the-counter-medicines">Archived</a> 2021-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tool Box at ConsumerMedSafety.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/otc-center.html">Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines</a> at FamilyDoctor.org, maintained by the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Family_Physicians" title="American Academy of Family Physicians">American Academy of Family Physicians</a>. 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Abuse">National Institute on Drug Abuse</a>: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/dextromethorphan-dxm-and-cold-medicine-facts">NIDA for Teens: Cough and Cold Medicine (DXM and Codeine Syrup)</a>"</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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