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id="toc-Psychedelics_and_breathwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interplay_of_hylotropic_and_holotropic_impulses_in_the_psyche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interplay_of_hylotropic_and_holotropic_impulses_in_the_psyche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Interplay of hylotropic and holotropic impulses in the psyche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interplay_of_hylotropic_and_holotropic_impulses_in_the_psyche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypothesis_on_near-death_experiences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypothesis_on_near-death_experiences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hypothesis on near-death experiences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypothesis_on_near-death_experiences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_other_researchers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_other_researchers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence on other researchers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_other_researchers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="ستانيسلاف غروف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستانيسلاف غروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="استانیسلاف قروف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استانیسلاف قروف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Станислав Гроф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Станислав Гроф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="استانیسلاف گروف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانیسلاف گروف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%86" title="Ստանիսլավ Գրոֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստանիսլավ Գրոֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A3" title="סטניסלב גרוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטניסלב גרוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="ستانيسلاڤ جروف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستانيسلاڤ جروف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95" title="スタニスラフ・グロフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スタニスラフ・グロフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Гроф, Станислав – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гроф, Станислав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D2%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Станіслав Ґроф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Станіслав Ґроф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Stanislav Grof" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Stanislav Grof</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG/220px-Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG/330px-Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG/440px-Stanislav_Grof_by_Anton_Nossik_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1931-07-01</span>) </span>July 1, 1931<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 93)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovak Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology" title="Transpersonal psychology">Transpersonal psychology</a>, perinatal matrices, hylotropic and holotropic, spiritual emergency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Brigitte Grof since April 2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Honorary doctorates from: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_College" title="Burlington College">Burlington College</a> (2000)</li><li>World Buddhist University (Bangkok, Thailand) (2004)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Transpersonal_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Transpersonal Psychology">Institute of Transpersonal Psychology</a> (2012)</li><li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Integral_Studies" title="California Institute of Integral Studies">California Institute of Integral Studies</a> <p>Awards: </p> 1959 Kuffner Award for Psychiatry (Czechoslovakian national award granted annually for the most important contribution in the field of psychiatry) for the study of Benactyzine and other anticholinergic delirogens (shared with Drs. M. Vojtěchovský, V. Vítek, and K. Ryšánek).</li><li>1967-69 Fellowship from the Foundations’ Fund for Research in Psychiatry in New Haven, Connecticut, for advanced research in psychedelic therapy.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_Baltimore" title="University of Maryland, Baltimore">University of Maryland, Baltimore</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a><br /><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Integral_Studies" title="California Institute of Integral Studies">California Institute of Integral Studies</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stanislav "Stan" Grof</b> (born July 1, 1931) is a Czech born American <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a>. Grof is one of the principal developers of <a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology" title="Transpersonal psychology">transpersonal psychology</a> and research into the use of <a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">non-ordinary states of consciousness</a> for purposes of psychological healing, deep self-exploration, and obtaining growth and insights into the human <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)" title="Psyche (psychology)">psyche</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stanislav Grof was born July 1, 1931 in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovak Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grof received his M.D. from <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a> in Prague in 1957 and then completed his Ph.D. in medicine at the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a> in 1965, training as a <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Freudian psychoanalyst</a> at this time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Czechoslovakia was the centre of psychedelic research behind the Iron Curtain during the 1950s and 1960s. Grof’s early research in the clinical uses of psychedelic substances was conducted at the Psychiatric Research Institute in Prague, where he was principal investigator of a program that systematically explored the heuristic and therapeutic potential of LSD and other psychedelic substances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, he received a scholarship from the Foundations Fund for Research in Psychiatry in New Haven, Connecticut, and was invited by <a href="/wiki/Joel_Elkes" title="Joel Elkes">Joel Elkes</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof19763_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof19763-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be a Clinical and Research Fellow at <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Phipps_Psychiatric_Clinic" title="The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic">Henry Phipps Clinic</a>, a part of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University#Graduate_education" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a>, United States. In 1969, he went on to become Chief of Psychiatric Research for the <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Experiment" title="Spring Grove Experiment">Spring Grove Experiment</a> at the Research Unit of <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Hospital_Center" title="Spring Grove Hospital Center">Spring Grove State Hospital</a> (later part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_Baltimore" title="University of Maryland, Baltimore">Maryland Psychiatric Research Center</a> where he worked with <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pahnke" title="Walter Pahnke">Walter Pahnke</a>. In 1969, Grof also became Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Integral_theory_(Ken_Wilber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral theory (Ken Wilber)">Integral theory</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Integral theorists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Edward_Beck" title="Don Edward Beck">Don Edward Beck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanislav Grof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard" title="George Leonard">George Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Murphy_(author)" title="Michael Murphy (author)">Michael Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Irwin_Thompson" title="William Irwin Thompson">William Irwin Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Ken Wilber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Zimmerman" title="Michael E. Zimmerman">Michael E. Zimmerman</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Integral themes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_theory#Wilber's_metatheory" title="Integral theory">AQAL</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Influences on integral theory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mark_Baldwin" title="James Mark Baldwin">James Mark Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gebser" title="Jean Gebser">Jean Gebser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_W._Graves" title="Clare W. Graves">Clare W. Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Haskell" title="Edward Haskell">Edward Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Jantsch" title="Erich Jantsch">Erich Jantsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake" title="Rupert Sheldrake">Rupert Sheldrake</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Integral artists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Davis_(musician)" title="Stuart Davis (musician)">Stuart Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Grey" title="Alex Grey">Alex Grey</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Integral_theory" title="Template:Integral theory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Integral_theory" title="Template talk:Integral theory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Integral_theory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Integral theory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1973 he was invited to the <a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and lived there until 1987 as a Scholar-in-Residence, developing his ideas and conducting month-long workshops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1977, Grof was the founding president of the <a href="/wiki/International_Transpersonal_Association" title="International Transpersonal Association">International Transpersonal Association</a>, serving as president for several subsequent decades. He went on to become distinguished adjunct faculty member of the Department of Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness at the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Integral_Studies" title="California Institute of Integral Studies">California Institute of Integral Studies</a>, a position he remained in until 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In May 2020, he launched, with his wife Brigitte Grof, a new training in working with holotropic states of consciousness, the international Grof Legacy Training.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thought">Thought</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Thought"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychedelics_and_breathwork">Psychedelics and breathwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Psychedelics and breathwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grof's early studies were of <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a> and its effects on the <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)" title="Psyche (psychology)">psyche</a>—the field of <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_therapy" title="Psychedelic therapy">psychedelic therapy</a>. Building on his observations while conducting LSD research and on <a href="/wiki/Otto_Rank" title="Otto Rank">Otto Rank</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Trauma_of_Birth" title="The Trauma of Birth">theory of birth trauma</a>, Grof constructed a theoretical framework regarding <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology" title="Prenatal and perinatal psychology">prenatal and perinatal psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology" title="Transpersonal psychology">transpersonal psychology</a>. In Grof's view, LSD sessions reveal the <a href="/wiki/Psychopathology" title="Psychopathology">psychopathology</a> of an individual to reflect their experience of the stages of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowan2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid16uhwBOiNJkCpgPA39_39–42]_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowan2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid16uhwBOiNJkCpgPA39_39–42]-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes four stages: (1) embryonic peace and transpersonal connection, (2) inundation with bodily matter during fetal growth, (3) the stress of the prenatal period, and (4) the release of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985102–127_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985102–127-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various neuroses are mapped to traumas at particular stages, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ennui" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennui">ennui</a> could be caused by <a href="/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">Caesarean section</a>, resulting in an individual feeling like they have little reason to exert effort.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985252–253_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985252–253-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">Suicidal ideation</a> is explained by the deep memory of prenatal suffering being terminated by release from the <a href="/wiki/Womb" class="mw-redirect" title="Womb">womb</a> (transposed to an escape from life itself).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985263–267_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985263–267-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemical <a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychology" title="Addiction psychology">addiction</a> could stem from the use of <a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">anesthesia</a> during birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985267–268_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985267–268-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious belief (e.g. identification with the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a>) is also linked to birth, with <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a> explaining transpersonal experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985239,_241,_274_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985239,_241,_274-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grof called a developed form of his theory an "expanded cartography of the human psyche". Following the suppression of legal LSD use in the early 1970s, Grof pursued this therapeutic direction without drugs, by codeveloping with his wife, Christina Grof, a combination of deep and rapid breathing, evocative music, focused bodywork, and mandala drawing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortright1997100_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECortright1997100-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally termed "<a href="/wiki/Holotropic_Breathwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Holotropic Breathwork">Holotropic Breathwork</a>", he now uses the trademark Grof Breathwork to describe this technique.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interplay_of_hylotropic_and_holotropic_impulses_in_the_psyche">Interplay of hylotropic and holotropic impulses in the psyche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interplay of hylotropic and holotropic impulses in the psyche"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grof distinguishes between two modes of consciousness: the <i>hylotropic</i> and the <i>holotropic</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilber1998165_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilber1998165-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hylotropic mode relates to "the normal, everyday experience of <a href="/wiki/Consensus_reality" title="Consensus reality">consensus reality</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198838_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof198838-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, holotropic is characteristic of non-ordinary states of consciousness such as meditative, mystical, or psychedelic experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198839_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof198839-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Grof, contemporary psychiatry often categorizes these non-ordinary states as pathological.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198839_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof198839-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grof connects the hylotropic to the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> conception of <a href="/wiki/Namarupa#Nāmarūpa_in_Buddhism" title="Namarupa">namarupa</a> ("name and form"), the separate, individual, illusory lower self. He connects the holotropic to the Hindu conception of <a href="/wiki/Atman-Brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman-Brahman">Atman-Brahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler20149_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler20149-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hypothesis_on_near-death_experiences">Hypothesis on near-death experiences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hypothesis on near-death experiences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1970s Grof proposed a psychological hypothesis to explain the <a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">near-death experience</a> (NDE). According to Grof the NDE reflects memories of the birth process with the tunnel representing the <a href="/wiki/Birth_canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth canal">birth canal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Susan_Blackmore" title="Susan Blackmore">Susan Blackmore</a> wrote that the hypothesis is "pitifully inadequate to explain the NDE. For a start the newborn infant would not see anything like a tunnel as it was being born."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1991_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1991-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The psychologist <a href="/wiki/Chris_French" title="Chris French">Chris French</a> has written "the experience of being born is only very superficially similar to the NDE" and the hypothesis has been refuted as it is common for those born by <a href="/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">caesarean section</a> to experience a tunnel during the NDE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Michael Shermer</a> also criticized the hypothesis "there is no evidence for infantile memories of any kind. Furthermore, the birth canal does not look like a tunnel and besides the infant's head is normally down and its eyes are closed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShermer199780_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShermer199780-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article in the peer-reviewed APA journal <i>Psychology of Consciousness</i> suggested that Grof's patients may have experienced <a href="/wiki/False_memory" title="False memory">false memories</a> of birth and before birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatihisYounes_Burton2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatihisYounes_Burton2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_other_researchers">Influence on other researchers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence on other researchers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grof's collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tarnas" title="Richard Tarnas">Richard Tarnas</a> began in the early 1970s, when Tarnas moved to the Esalen Institute in Big Sur to write his dissertation on psychedelic therapy under the auspices of Grof. They would eventually research a new way of understanding the timing and content of experiences encountered in holotropic states of consciousness, which Tarnas refers to as "archetypal cosmology".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, Grof received an Honorary Award from the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Transpersonal_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Transpersonal Psychology">Association for Transpersonal Psychology</a> for major contributions to and development of the field of transpersonal psychology, given at the occasion of the 25th Anniversary Convocation held in Asilomar, California.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also received the VISION 97 award granted by the Foundation of Dagmar and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> on October 5, 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2010, he received the Thomas R. Verny Award from the Association for <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology" title="Prenatal and perinatal psychology">Pre- and Perinatal Psychology</a> and Health.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1962, Grof was in a short documentary about LSD called <i><a href="/wiki/Looking_for_Toxin_X" title="Looking for Toxin X">Looking for Toxin X</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grof was featured in the film <i>Entheogen: Awakening the Divine Within</i>, a 2006 documentary about rediscovering an <a href="/wiki/Disenchantment" title="Disenchantment">enchanted</a> cosmos in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2018 documentary <i>Bufo Alvarius: The Underground Secret</i> features Grof talking in detail about the effects of <a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DMT" title="5-MeO-DMT">5-MeO-DMT</a> on the brain and consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (July 2024)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2020, the documentary <i>The Way of the Psychonaut</i> was released, which explores Grof's lifework and contributions to transpersonal psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research</i>. New York: The Viking Press (1975).</li> <li><i>The Human Encounter with Death</i>. New York: E. P. Dutton (1977).</li> <li><i>Dimensions of Dying and Rebirth</i>. (1977).</li> <li><i>LSD Psychotherapy</i>. Hunter House (1980).</li> <li><i>Beyond Death: The Gates Of Consciousness</i> with Christina Grof. (1981).</li> <li><i>East & West: Ancient Wisdom And Modern Science</i>. (1985).</li> <li><i>Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death And Transcendence In Psychotherapy</i>. (1985).</li> <li><i>Human Survival And Consciousness Evolution</i>, edited with Marjorie L. Valier. (1988).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adventureofselfd00grof"><i>The Adventure of Self-Discovery: Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy and Inner Exploration</i></a>. Albany: SUNY Press (1988). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0887065408" title="Special:BookSources/978-0887065408">978-0887065408</a>.</li> <li><i>Spiritual Emergency: When Personal Transformation Becomes A Crisis</i>, with Christina Grof. (1989).</li> <li><i>The Stormy Search For The Self: A Guide To Personal Growth Through Transformative Crisis</i>, with Christina Grof. (1990).</li> <li><i>The Holotropic Mind: The Three levels Of Human Consciousness And How They Shape Our Lives</i>, with Hal Zina Bennet. New York: Harper Collins (1993).</li> <li><i>Books Of The Dead: Manuals For Living And Dying</i>. (1994).</li> <li><i>The Cosmic Game: Explorations Of The Frontiers Of Human Consciousness</i>. (1998).</li> <li><i>The Consciousness Revolution: A Transatlantic Dialogue</i>, with Peter Russell and Ervin Laszlo. (1999).</li> <li><i>Psychology Of The Future: Lessons From Modern Consciousness Research</i>. (2000).</li> <li><i>The Call of the Jaguar</i>. (2002).</li> <li><i>Caterpillar Dreams</i>, with Melody Sullivan. (2004).</li> <li><i>When The Impossible Happens: Adventures In Non-Ordinary Reality</i>. (2006).</li> <li><i>The Ultimate Journey: Consciousness And The Mystery Of Death</i>. (2006).</li> <li><i>LSD: Doorway to the Numinous: The Groundbreaking Psychedelic Research into Realms of the Human Unconscious</i>. (2009).</li> <li><i>Holotropic Breathwork: A New Approach to Self-Exploration and Therapy. (2010).</i></li> <li><i>Healing Our Deepest Wounds: The Holotropic Paradigm Shift</i>. (2012).</li> <li><i>Modern Consciousness Research and the Understanding of Art: Including the Visionary World of H. R. Giger</i>. Santa Cruz: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (2015). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780979862298" title="Special:BookSources/9780979862298">9780979862298</a>.</li> <li><i>The Way of the Psychonaut: Encyclopedia for Inner Journeys (Volume One)</i>. Santa Cruz; Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (2019). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780998276595" title="Special:BookSources/9780998276595">9780998276595</a>.</li> <li><i>The Way of the Psychonaut: Encyclopedia for Inner Journeys (Volume Two)</i>. Santa Cruz: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (2019). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780998276557" title="Special:BookSources/9780998276557">9780998276557</a>.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org/dp-volume1-issue2-fall2015/#2">The Experience of Death and Dying: Psychological, Philosophical, and Spiritual Aspects</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org">Spirituality Studies</a></i> 1 (2): 3-31 (2015).</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org/dp-volume2-issue2-fall2016/#2">Ken Wilber’s Spectrum Psychology: Observations from Clinical Research</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org">Spirituality Studies</a></i> 2 (2): 2-19 (2016).</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org/dp-volume2-issue1-spring2016/2/">Psychology for the Future: Lessons form Modern Consciousness Research</a></i>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spirituality-studies.org">Spirituality Studies</a></i> 2 (1): 3-36 (2016).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psychedelics.berkeley.edu/resources/the-way-of-the-psychonaut-stanislav-grofs-journey-of-consciousness/">"The Way of the Psychonaut: Stanislav Grof's Journey of Consciousness"</a>. <i>UC Berkeley Center for the Science of Psychedelics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Way of the Psychonaut explores the life and work of Stanislav Grof, Czech-born psychiatrist and psychedelic psychotherapy pioneer. Stan's quest for knowledge and insights into the healing power of non-ordinary states of consciousness, influenced the discipline of psychology and profoundly changed many individual lives. One of those transformed by Stan is filmmaker Susan Hess Logeais. The documentary utilizes Susan's personal existential crisis as a gateway to Grof's impact, from the micro to the macro.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UC+Berkeley+Center+for+the+Science+of+Psychedelics&rft.atitle=The+Way+of+the+Psychonaut%3A+Stanislav+Grof%27s+Journey+of+Consciousness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsychedelics.berkeley.edu%2Fresources%2Fthe-way-of-the-psychonaut-stanislav-grofs-journey-of-consciousness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.lib.purdue.edu/agents/people/1822">"Grof, Stanislav, 1931-"</a>. <i>archives.lib.purdue.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.lib.purdue.edu&rft.atitle=Grof%2C+Stanislav%2C+1931-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.lib.purdue.edu%2Fagents%2Fpeople%2F1822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaczorowski2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaczorowski2018">Kaczorowski 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof19763-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof19763_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1976">Grof 1976</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowan2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid16uhwBOiNJkCpgPA39_39–42]-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowan2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid16uhwBOiNJkCpgPA39_39–42]_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowan2005">Rowan 2005</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=16uhwBOiNJkC&pg=PA39">39–42</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985102–127-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985102–127_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1985">Grof 1985</a>, pp. 102–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985252–253-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985252–253_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1985">Grof 1985</a>, pp. 252–253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985263–267-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985263–267_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1985">Grof 1985</a>, pp. 263–267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985267–268-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985267–268_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1985">Grof 1985</a>, pp. 267–268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1985239,_241,_274-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1985239,_241,_274_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1985">Grof 1985</a>, pp. 239, 241, 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECortright1997100-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortright1997100_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCortright1997">Cortright 1997</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilber1998165-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilber1998165_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilber1998">Wilber 1998</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof198838-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198838_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1988">Grof 1988</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof198839-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198839_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof198839_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrof1988">Grof 1988</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler20149-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler20149_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler2014">Butler 2014</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1991-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackmore1991_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackmore1991">Blackmore 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench2005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench2005_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrench2005">French 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShermer199780-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShermer199780_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShermer1997">Shermer 1997</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatihisYounes_Burton2015-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatihisYounes_Burton2015_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatihisYounes_Burton2015">Patihis & Younes Burton 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann2006_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann2006">Mann 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bufoalvarius.com/en/">"Bufo Alvarius: The Underground Secret"</a>. <i>Bufo Alvarius: The Underground Secret</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bufo+Alvarius%3A+The+Underground+Secret&rft.atitle=Bufo+Alvarius%3A+The+Underground+Secret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bufoalvarius.com%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackmore1991" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blackmore" title="Susan Blackmore">Blackmore, Susan</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ruccs.rutgers.edu/images/personal-zenon-pylyshyn/docs/TreismanReadings/11-Blackmore.pdf">"Near-Death Experiences: In or out of the body?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i>. Vol. 16. pp. <span class="nowrap">34–</span>45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Near-Death+Experiences%3A+In+or+out+of+the+body%3F&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Blackmore&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruccs.rutgers.edu%2Fimages%2Fpersonal-zenon-pylyshyn%2Fdocs%2FTreismanReadings%2F11-Blackmore.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2014" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Renn (2014). <i>Pathways to Wholeness</i>. London: Muswell Hill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908995-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908995-04-9"><bdi>978-1-908995-04-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pathways+to+Wholeness&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Muswell+Hill+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-908995-04-9&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Renn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortright1997" class="citation book cs1">Cortright, Brant (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psychotherapyspi0000cort"><i>Psychotherapy and Spirit: Theory and Practice in Transpersonal Psychotherapy</i></a></span>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3466-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3466-6"><bdi>978-0-7914-3466-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychotherapy+and+Spirit%3A+Theory+and+Practice+in+Transpersonal+Psychotherapy&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3466-6&rft.aulast=Cortright&rft.aufirst=Brant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpsychotherapyspi0000cort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_French" title="Chris French">French, Chris</a> (2005). <i>Near-Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest Survivors</i>. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 150. pp. <span class="nowrap">351–</span>367.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Near-Death+Experiences+in+Cardiac+Arrest+Survivors&rft.series=Progress+in+Brain+Research&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E351-%3C%2Fspan%3E367&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrof1976" class="citation book cs1">Grof, Stanislav (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/realmsofhumanunc0000grof"><i>Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research</i></a></span>. New York: E. P. Dutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-47438-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-47438-8"><bdi>978-0-525-47438-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realms+of+the+Human+Unconscious%3A+Observations+from+LSD+Research&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-525-47438-8&rft.aulast=Grof&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frealmsofhumanunc0000grof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrof1985" class="citation book cs1">Grof, Stanislav (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbrainbirth00grof"><i>Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy</i></a></span>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-899-8"><bdi>978-0-87395-899-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Brain%3A+Birth%2C+Death%2C+and+Transcendence+in+Psychotherapy&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87395-899-8&rft.aulast=Grof&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyondbrainbirth00grof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrof1988" class="citation book cs1">Grof, Stanislav (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adventureofselfd00grof"><i>The Adventure of Self-Discovery: Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy and Inner Exploration</i></a></span>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-540-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-540-8"><bdi>978-0-88706-540-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Adventure+of+Self-Discovery%3A+Dimensions+of+Consciousness+and+New+Perspectives+in+Psychotherapy+and+Inner+Exploration&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-540-8&rft.aulast=Grof&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadventureofselfd00grof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaczorowski2018" class="citation web cs1">Kaczorowski, Aleksander (May 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://przekroj.pl/en/society/a-communist-lsd-trip-aleksander-kaczorowski">"A Communist LSD Trip: The Story of Czechoslovak Acid"</a>. <i>przekroj.pl</i>. Translated by Joanna Figiel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=przekroj.pl&rft.atitle=A+Communist+LSD+Trip%3A+The+Story+of+Czechoslovak+Acid&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft.aulast=Kaczorowski&rft.aufirst=Aleksander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprzekroj.pl%2Fen%2Fsociety%2Fa-communist-lsd-trip-aleksander-kaczorowski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2006" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Mann, Rod (Director) (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111070217/http://www.entheogen.tv/"><i>Entheogen: Awakening the Divine Within</i></a>. Critical Mass Productions. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181630835">181630835</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entheogen.tv/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DVD video)</span> on November 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entheogen%3A+Awakening+the+Divine+Within&rft.pub=Critical+Mass+Productions&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181630835&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Rod+%28Director%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entheogen.tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatihisYounes_Burton2015" class="citation journal cs1">Patihis, Lawrence; Younes Burton, Helena J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fcns0000044">"False memories in therapy and hypnosis before 1980"</a>. <i>Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice</i>. <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fcns0000044">10.1037/cns0000044</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Consciousness%3A+Theory%2C+Research%2C+and+Practice&rft.atitle=False+memories+in+therapy+and+hypnosis+before+1980&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E153-%3C%2Fspan%3E169&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fcns0000044&rft.aulast=Patihis&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.au=Younes+Burton%2C+Helena+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1037%252Fcns0000044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowan2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Rowan_(psychologist)" title="John Rowan (psychologist)">Rowan, John</a> (2005). <i>The Transpersonal: Spirituality in Psychotherapy and Counselling</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58391-987-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58391-987-3"><bdi>978-1-58391-987-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transpersonal%3A+Spirituality+in+Psychotherapy+and+Counselling&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58391-987-3&rft.aulast=Rowan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShermer1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shermer" title="Michael Shermer">Shermer, Michael</a> (1997). <a href="/wiki/Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things" title="Why People Believe Weird Things"><i>Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time</i></a>. Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-7089-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-7089-3"><bdi>0-8050-7089-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+People+Believe+Weird+Things%3A+Pseudoscience%2C+Superstition%2C+and+Other+Confusions+of+Our+Time&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8050-7089-3&rft.aulast=Shermer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilber1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Wilber, Ken</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eyeofspiritinteg0000wilb"><i>The Eye of Spirit: An Integral Vision for a World Gone Slightly Mad</i></a></span>. Boston & London: Shambhala. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57062-345-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57062-345-5"><bdi>978-1-57062-345-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eye+of+Spirit%3A+An+Integral+Vision+for+a+World+Gone+Slightly+Mad&rft.place=Boston+%26+London&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57062-345-5&rft.aulast=Wilber&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feyeofspiritinteg0000wilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Grof&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Butler, Renn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630221951/http://www.stanislavgrof.com/pdf/Richard%20Tarnas%20and%20Stan%20Grof.pdf">"Archetypal Astrology and Transpersonal Psychology: The Research of Richard Tarnas and Stanislav Grof"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanislavgrof.com/pdf/Richard%20Tarnas%20and%20Stan%20Grof.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archetypal+Astrology+and+Transpersonal+Psychology%3A+The+Research+of+Richard+Tarnas+and+Stanislav+Grof&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Renn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanislavgrof.com%2Fpdf%2FRichard%2520Tarnas%2520and%2520Stan%2520Grof.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Howe, M. L.; Courage, M. L. (2004). "Demystifying the beginnings of memory". <i>Developmental Review</i>. <b>24</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dr.2003.09.006">10.1016/j.dr.2003.09.006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Review&rft.atitle=Demystifying+the+beginnings+of+memory&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.dr.2003.09.006&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft.au=Courage%2C+M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanislav+Grof" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Jacobson, B.; Eklund, G.; Hamberger, L.; Linnarsson, D.; Sedvall, G.; Valverius, M. (1987). "Perinatal origin of adult self-destructive behavior". <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Psychiatrica_Scandinavica" title="Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</a></i>. <b>76</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">364–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.1987.tb05620.x">10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb05620.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3425362">3425362</a>.</cite><span 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Prize">The VIZE 97 Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl H. Pribram</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zden%C4%9Bk_Neubauer" title="Zdeněk Neubauer">Zdeněk Neubauer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weizenbaum" title="Joseph Weizenbaum">Joseph Weizenbaum</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Robert Reich</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petr_Vop%C4%9Bnka" title="Petr Vopěnka">Petr Vopěnka</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo" title="Philip Zimbardo">Philip Zimbardo</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</a> (2006)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanislav Grof</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Julia Kristeva</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_C%C3%ADlek" title="Václav Cílek">Václav Cílek</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Paul_Liessmann" title="Konrad Paul Liessmann">Konrad Paul Liessmann</a> (2010)</li> <li>Iva Mojžišová (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miloslav_Petrusek" title="Miloslav Petrusek">Miloslav Petrusek</a> (2012)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jiří Fiala (2013)</span></li> <li>Andrew Lass (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Sokol_(philosopher)" title="Jan Sokol (philosopher)">Jan Sokol</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._David_Mermin" title="N. David Mermin">N. David Mermin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ja%C5%99ab" title="Josef Jařab">Josef Jařab</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B%C3%BAtora" title="Martin Bútora">Martin Bútora</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108560148">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/58161/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy4gk7JHwK6tPGTpwVQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119501791">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80094099">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905969h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905969h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441782">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grof, Stanislav"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV090070">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35153003">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990009830&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1164216">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/807398">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073115827">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grof, Stanislav"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90181304">Norway</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grof, Stanislav"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90711732">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000027781&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=186629">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200309813">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701287605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007275409805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520138306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14227813">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00813009?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/372d101e-9b86-4ea6-a177-7079013e2755">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/843890">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119501791.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119501791">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026903938">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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