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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Root_chicory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Root_chicory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Root chicory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Root_chicory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaf_chicory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaf_chicory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Leaf chicory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaf_chicory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wild" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wild"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2.1</span> <span>Wild</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2.2</span> <span>Cultivated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicory_root_and_inulin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicory_root_and_inulin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Chicory root and inulin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicory_root_and_inulin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Traditional use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Forage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forage_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forage_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Forage varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forage_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chicory</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigorei" title="Sigorei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigorei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندباء برية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندباء برية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achik%C3%B3ria" title="Achikória – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Achikória" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_kasn%C4%B1" title="Adi kasnı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi kasnı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%82" title="چیرتدیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چیرتدیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Быуын үләне – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Быуын үләне" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Цыкорыя звычайная – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цыкорыя звычайная" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Синя жлъчка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синя жлъчка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xicoira" title="Xicoira – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xicoira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Сив курăкĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сив курăкĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekanka_obecn%C3%A1" title="Čekanka obecná – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čekanka obecná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erba_amara" title="Erba amara – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Erba amara" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgellog" title="Ysgellog – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgellog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikorie_(plante)" title="Cikorie (plante) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cikorie (plante)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeine_Wegwarte" title="Gemeine Wegwarte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeine Wegwarte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_sigur" title="Harilik sigur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik sigur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Ραδίκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραδίκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara_cikorio" title="Amara cikorio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amara cikorio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txikoria" title="Txikoria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txikoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کاسنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاسنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siocaire" title="Siocaire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siocaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicoria" title="Chicoria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chicoria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%BB%A4%EB%A6%AC" title="치커리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치커리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="कासनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कासनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%A1%C4%9Bdna_zm%C4%9Brniwka" title="Wšědna změrniwka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wšědna změrniwka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikorija" title="Cikorija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cikorija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikorio" title="Cikorio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cikorio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorai_liar" title="Sikorai liar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sikorai liar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Куыдзыдзæхæра – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Куыдзыдзæхæра" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffif%C3%ADfill" title="Kaffifífill – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaffifífill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%86_%DB%81%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF" title="وَن ہَنٛد – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وَن ہَنٛد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cych%C3%B3ria" title="Cychória – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Cychória" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кәдімгі шашырақты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кәдімгі шашырақты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastais_cigori%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Parastais cigoriņš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parastais cigoriņš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprastoji_tr%C5%ABka%C5%BEol%C4%97" title="Paprastoji trūkažolė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paprastoji trūkažolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezei_kat%C3%A1ng" title="Mezei katáng – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mezei katáng" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цикорија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цикорија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ചിക്കറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിക്കറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="هندباء بريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هندباء بريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikori" title="Cikori – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cikori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE" title="ချီကိုရီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချီကိုရီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_cichorei" title="Wilde cichorei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wilde cichorei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="チコリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チコリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cec%C3%B2ria" title="Cecòria – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cecòria" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachratqi_(o%CA%BBt)" title="Sachratqi (oʻt) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sachratqi (oʻt)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਕਾਸ਼ਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਸ਼ਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="کاسنی بوٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاسنی بوٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="تریز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تریز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicoer%C3%A8ie_soev%C3%A5jhe" title="Chicoerèie soevåjhe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Chicoerèie soevåjhe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykoria_podr%C3%B3%C5%BCnik" title="Cykoria podróżnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cykoria podróżnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicoare" title="Cicoare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cicoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Цикорий обыкновенный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цикорий обыкновенный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicoria" title="Cicoria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cicoria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokkerai_(Cichorium_intybus)" title="Sokkerai (Cichorium intybus) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sokkerai (Cichorium intybus)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresa" title="Bresa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bresa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicory" title="Chicory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chicory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ڪاسني – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاسني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cakanka_oby%C4%8Dajn%C3%A1" title="Čakanka obyčajná – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čakanka obyčajná" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navadni_potro%C5%A1nik" title="Navadni potrošnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navadni potrošnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warkocz_Panny_Marije" title="Warkocz Panny Marije – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Warkocz Panny Marije" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%D9%82%DA%86%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95" title="چەقچەقە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەقچەقە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цикорија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цикорија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikorija" title="Cikorija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cikorija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikuri" title="Sikuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sikuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikoria" title="Cikoria – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cikoria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="சிக்கரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிக்கரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timer%E1%BA%93uga" title="Timerẓuga – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timerẓuga" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Коснӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Коснӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_hindiba" title="Beyaz hindiba – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz hindiba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Петрові батоги – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Петрові батоги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کاسنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاسنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikorii" title="Cikorii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cikorii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3i_%C3%B4_r%C3%B4" title="Cải ô rô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cải ô rô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicoreie" title="Chicoreie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Chicoreie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" title="Cichorium intybus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cichorium intybus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8B%A3" title="菊苣 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="菊苣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8B%A3" title="菊苣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菊苣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%ABk%C5%BEuol%C4%97" title="Trūkžuolė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Trūkžuolė" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flowering plant in the daisy family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cichorium_endivia" title="Cichorium endivia">Cichorium endivia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2021 video game, see <a href="/wiki/Chicory:_A_Colorful_Tale" title="Chicory: A Colorful Tale">Chicory: A Colorful Tale</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Common chicory </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg/250px-Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg/330px-Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg/500px-Wegwarte_Cichorium_intybus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Blue-flowered form </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cichorium" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cichorium" title="Cichorium"><i>Cichorium</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. intybus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Cichorium intybus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><small>Synonymy</small></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium balearicum</i> <small>Porta</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium byzantinum</i> <small>Clementi</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium caeruleum</i> <small>Gilib.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium cicorea</i> <small>Dumort.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium commune</i> <small>Pall.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium cosnia</i> <small>Buch.-Ham.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium divaricatum</i> <small>Heldr. ex Nyman</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium glabratum</i> <small>C.Presl</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium glaucum</i> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium hirsutum</i> <small>Gren.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium illyricum</i> <small>borb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium officinale</i> <small>Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium perenne</i> <small>Stokes</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium rigidum</i> <small>Salisb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium spinosum</i> <small>Salisb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium sylvestre</i> <small>Garsault </small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cichorium sylvestre</i> <small>(Tourn.) Lam.</small> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg/220px-Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg/330px-Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg/440px-Illustration_Cichorium_intybus0_clean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="2423" /></a><figcaption>Botanical illustration (1885)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Common chicory</b> (<i><b>Cichorium intybus</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-ecocrop.fao.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecocrop.fao.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a somewhat woody, <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> herbaceous plant of the family <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>, usually with bright blue <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a>, rarely white or pink. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to the Americas and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many varieties are cultivated for <a href="/wiki/Salad_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad leaves">salad leaves</a>, chicons (<a href="/wiki/Blanching_(horticulture)" title="Blanching (horticulture)">blanched</a> buds), or roots (var. <i>sativum</i>), which are baked, ground, and used as a <a href="/wiki/Coffee_substitute" title="Coffee substitute">coffee substitute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additive</a>. In the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Inulin" title="Inulin">inulin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">extract</a> from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a <a href="/wiki/Sweetener" title="Sweetener">sweetener</a> and source of <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>. Chicory is also grown as a <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a> crop for <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When flowering, chicory has a tough, grooved, and more or less hairy stem. It can grow to 1.5 metres (5 feet) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are stalked, <a href="/wiki/Lanceolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanceolate">lanceolate</a> and unlobed; they range from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>7.5–32 centimetres (3–<span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches) in length (smallest near the top)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />2–8 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flower heads are <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />3–5 cm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–2 in) wide,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually light blue<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or lavender; it has also rarely been described as white or pink.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the two rows of <a href="/wiki/Involucral_bract" class="mw-redirect" title="Involucral bract">involucral bracts</a>, the inner is longer and erect, the outer is shorter and spreading. It flowers from March until October.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seed has small scales at the tip.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cichorium_endiva.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leaves unlobed and pointed"><img alt="Leaves unlobed and pointed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cichorium_endiva.jpg/405px-Cichorium_endiva.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cichorium_endiva.jpg/607px-Cichorium_endiva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Cichorium_endiva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leaves unlobed and pointed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 229.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 227.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cichorium_intybus-alvesgaspar1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flower close-up"><img alt="Flower close-up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cichorium_intybus-alvesgaspar1.jpg/500px-Cichorium_intybus-alvesgaspar1.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cichorium_intybus-alvesgaspar1.jpg/960px-Cichorium_intybus-alvesgaspar1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1841" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flower close-up</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cichorium_intybus,_white_form,_2023-08-27,_Etna,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White form"><img alt="White form" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg/250px-Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg/330px-Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg/500px-Cichorium_intybus%2C_white_form%2C_2023-08-27%2C_Etna%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">White form</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Substances which contribute to the plant's bitterness are primarily the two <a href="/wiki/Sesquiterpene" title="Sesquiterpene">sesquiterpene</a> <a href="/wiki/Lactone" title="Lactone">lactones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lactucin" title="Lactucin">lactucin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lactucopicrin" title="Lactucopicrin">lactucopicrin</a>. Other components are <a href="/wiki/Aesculetin" title="Aesculetin">aesculetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aesculin" title="Aesculin">aesculin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cichoriin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cichoriin (page does not exist)">cichoriin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbelliferone" title="Umbelliferone">umbelliferone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scopoletin" title="Scopoletin">scopoletin</a>, 6,7-dihydro<a href="/wiki/Coumarin" title="Coumarin">coumarin</a>, and further sesquiterpene lactones and their <a href="/wiki/Glycoside" title="Glycoside">glycosides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1970, it was discovered that the root contains up to 20% <a href="/wiki/Inulin" title="Inulin">inulin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Polysaccharide" title="Polysaccharide">polysaccharide</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common chicory is also known as <b>blue daisy</b>, <b>blue dandelion</b>, <b>blue sailors</b>, <b>blue weed</b>, <b>bunk</b>, <b>coffeeweed</b>, <b>cornflower</b>, <b>hendibeh</b>, <b>horseweed</b>, <b>ragged sailors</b>, <b>succory</b>, <b>wild bachelor's buttons</b>, and <b>wild endive</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-oardc.ohio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oardc.ohio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("Cornflower" is also commonly applied to <i><a href="/wiki/Cornflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornflower">Centaurea cyanus</a></i>.) Common names for varieties of var. <i>foliosum</i> include <a href="/wiki/Endive" title="Endive">endive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radicchio" title="Radicchio">radicchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radichetta" title="Radichetta">radichetta</a>, Belgian endive, French endive, red endive, sugarloaf, and witloof (or witlof).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicory is native to <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">western Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ecocrop.fao.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecocrop.fao.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in Europe. The plant was brought to North America by early <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also common in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, where it has become widely <a href="/wiki/Naturalisation_(biology)" title="Naturalisation (biology)">naturalized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is more common in areas with abundant rain.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pied_hoverfly_(Scaeva_pyrastri)_on_chicory_(Cichorium_intybus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg/250px-Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg/330px-Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg/500px-Pied_hoverfly_%28Scaeva_pyrastri%29_on_chicory_%28Cichorium_intybus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3777" data-file-height="2895" /></a><figcaption>Pied <a href="/wiki/Hoverfly" title="Hoverfly">hoverfly</a> on flower</figcaption></figure> <p>Chicory is both a <a href="/wiki/Cultivated_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivated crop">cultivated crop</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weedy</a> plant with a cosmopolitan distribution. Analysis of introduced weedy populations in North America has revealed that naturalized weedy chicory is partially descended from domesticated <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chicory grows in roadsides, waste places, and other disturbed areas, and can survive in lawns due to its ability to resprout from its low basal rosette of leaves. It typically does not enter undisturbed natural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It most prefers limestone soils, but tolerates an array of conditions. <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">Bees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterflies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">flies</a> feed upon it. Chicory is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Drought_tolerance" title="Drought tolerance">drought tolerant</a> plant. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Chicory" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Chicory"> Chicory</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Chicory greens, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">96 kJ (23 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">4.7 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.7 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.3 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.7 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">32%</div> 286 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">32%</div>3430 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">10300 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.06 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 1.159 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.105 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">28%</div> 110 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">27%</div> 24 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 2.26 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">248%</div> 297.6 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 100 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 30 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">19%</div> 0.429 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 47 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 420 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 45 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.42 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">92 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169992/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Belgian endive (witloof), raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">71 kJ (17 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">4 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.1 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.1 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.9 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.062 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.027 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.145 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.042 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 37 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 2.8 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 19 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.24 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 10 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 26 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 211 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.16 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">94 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168412/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The entire plant is edible.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raw chicory leaves are 92% water, 5% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 2% <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, and contain negligible <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>. In a 100-gram (3½ oz) reference amount, raw chicory leaves provide 23 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> (96 J) and significant amounts (more than 20% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, some <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> are present in moderate amounts. Raw endive is 94% water and has low nutrient content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Root_chicory">Root chicory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Root chicory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Root chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> var. <i>sativum</i>) has long been cultivated in Europe as a <a href="/wiki/Coffee_substitute" title="Coffee substitute">coffee substitute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Neverman4_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neverman4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roots are baked, roasted, ground, and used as an additive, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> region (where the plant is native). As a coffee additive, it is also mixed in <a href="/wiki/Indian_filter_coffee" title="Indian filter coffee">Indian filter coffee</a> and in parts of Southeast Asia, South Africa, and the southern United States, particularly in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a>. In France, a mixture of 60% chicory and 40% coffee is sold under the trade name <a href="/wiki/Ricor%C3%A9" title="Ricoré">Ricoré</a>. It has been more widely used during economic crises such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Continental Europe. Chicory, with <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, was used as an ingredient of the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mischkaffee</i></span> (mixed coffee), introduced during the "<a href="/wiki/East_German_coffee_crisis" title="East German coffee crisis">East German coffee crisis</a>" of 1976–1979. It is also added to coffee in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestinian</a> cuisines.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some beer brewers use roasted chicory to add flavor to <a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">stouts</a> (commonly expected to have a coffee-like flavor). Others have added it to strong blond Belgian-style ales, to augment the <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a>, making a <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">witloofbier</i></span>, from the Dutch name for the plant. </p><p>The roots can also be cooked like <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275594942" /><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_chicory_root.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried chicory root"><img alt="Dried chicory root" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dried_chicory_root.jpg/500px-Dried_chicory_root.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dried_chicory_root.jpg/960px-Dried_chicory_root.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="2951" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried chicory root</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicory_tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Korean chicory tea made from dried chicory root"><img alt="Korean chicory tea made from dried chicory root" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chicory_tea.jpg/330px-Chicory_tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chicory_tea.jpg/500px-Chicory_tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chicory_tea.jpg/960px-Chicory_tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Korean chicory tea made from dried chicory root</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coffee-chicory blend by Café du Monde"><img alt="Coffee-chicory blend by Café du Monde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg/250px-Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg/330px-Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg/500px-Cafe_du_Monde_canned_coffee_chicory_blend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coffee-chicory blend by <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_du_Monde" title="Café du Monde">Café du Monde</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leaf_chicory">Leaf chicory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leaf chicory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Wild">Wild</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While edible raw, wild chicory leaves usually have a <a href="/wiki/Bitterness_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitterness (taste)">bitter</a> taste, especially the older leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flavor is appreciated in certain cuisines, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Ligurian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulian</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and also in the southern part of India. In Ligurian cuisine, wild chicory leaves are an ingredient of <i><a href="/wiki/Preboggion" class="mw-redirect" title="Preboggion">preboggion</a></i> and in the Apulian region, wild chicory leaves are combined with <a href="/wiki/Fava" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava">fava</a> bean puree in the traditional local dish <i>fave e cicorie selvatiche</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, the leaves are used as a spinach substitute, mainly served simmered and marinated in olive oil, or as ingredient for fillings of <i><a href="/wiki/Byrek" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrek">byrek</a></i>. In Greece a variety of wild chicory found in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and known as <i>stamnagathi (spiny chicory)</i> is used as a salad served with olive oil and lemon juice. </p><p>By cooking and discarding the water, the bitterness is reduced, after which the chicory leaves may be <a href="/wiki/Saut%C3%A9ing" title="Sautéing">sautéed</a> with garlic, <a href="/wiki/Anchovies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchovies">anchovies</a>, and other ingredients. In this form, the resulting greens might be combined with <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or accompany meat dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cultivated">Cultivated</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultivated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicory may be cultivated for its leaves, usually eaten raw as <a href="/wiki/Salad_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad leaves">salad leaves</a>. Cultivated chicory is generally divided into three types, of which there are many varieties:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Radicchio" title="Radicchio">Radicchio</a></b> usually has variegated red or red and green leaves. Some only refer to the white-veined red-leaved type as radicchio, also known as red endive and red chicory. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted. It can also be used to add color and zest to salads. It is largely used in Italy in different varieties, the most famous being the ones from <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a> (known as <i>radicchio rosso di Treviso</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> (<i>radicchio di Verona</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Chioggia" title="Chioggia">Chioggia</a> (<i>radicchio di Chioggia</i>), which are classified as an <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">IGP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This acronym isn't included on the linked page (July 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is also common in Greece, where it is known as <i>radiki</i> and mainly boiled in salads, and is used in pies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Witlof_en_wortel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Witlof_en_wortel.jpg/170px-Witlof_en_wortel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Witlof_en_wortel.jpg/255px-Witlof_en_wortel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Witlof_en_wortel.jpg/340px-Witlof_en_wortel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>Witloof, Belgian endive</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_endive" title="Belgian endive">Belgian endive</a></b> is known in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> as <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">witloof</i></span> or <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">witlof</i></span> ("white leaf"), <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">indivia</i></span></i> in Italy, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">endivias</i></span> in Spain, chicory in the UK, as witlof in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <i>endive</i> in France and Canada, and <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chicon</i></span></i> in parts of northern France, in <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> and (in French) in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a small head of cream-colored, bitter leaves. The harvested root is allowed to sprout indoors in the absence of sunlight, which prevents the leaves from turning green and opening up (<a href="/wiki/Etiolation" title="Etiolation">etiolation</a>). It is often sold wrapped in blue paper to protect it from light, so as to preserve its pale color and delicate flavor. The smooth, creamy white leaves may be served stuffed, baked, boiled, cut, or cooked in a milk sauce, or simply cut raw. The tender leaves are slightly bitter; the whiter the leaf, the less bitter the taste. The harder inner part of the stem at the bottom of the head can be cut out before cooking to prevent bitterness. Belgium exports <i>chicon/witloof</i> to over 40 countries. The technique for growing these <a href="/wiki/Blanching_(horticulture)" title="Blanching (horticulture)">blanched</a> endives was accidentally discovered in the 1850s at the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_Brussels" title="Botanical Garden of Brussels">Botanical Garden of Brussels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Josse-ten-Noode" title="Saint-Josse-ten-Noode">Saint-Josse-ten-Noode</a>, Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today France is the largest producer of endive.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Puntarelle" title="Puntarelle">Catalogna chicory</a></b> (<i>Cichorium intybus var. foliosum</i>), also known as <i>puntarelle</i>, includes a whole subfamily (some varieties from Belgian endive and some from radicchio)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of chicory and is used throughout Italy.</li></ul> <p>Although leaf chicory is often called "endive", true endive (<i><a href="/wiki/Cichorium_endivia" title="Cichorium endivia">Cichorium endivia</a></i>) is a different species in the same genus, distinct from Belgian endive.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chicory_root_and_inulin">Chicory root and inulin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chicory root and inulin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Inulin" title="Inulin">Inulin</a></div> <p>Inulin is mainly found in the plant family <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> as a storage carbohydrate (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_artichoke" title="Jerusalem artichoke">Jerusalem artichoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahlia" title="Dahlia">dahlia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacon">yacon</a>). It is used as a sweetener in the food industry, with 10% of the sweetening power of sucrose<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is sometimes added to yogurts as a '<a href="/wiki/Prebiotic_(nutrition)" title="Prebiotic (nutrition)">prebiotic</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a source of <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fresh chicory root may contain 13–23% inulin as a percentage of its total carbohydrate content.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson04_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson04-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_use">Traditional use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Traditional use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicory root contains <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oils</a> similar to those found in plants in the related genus <i><a href="/wiki/Tanacetum" title="Tanacetum">Tanacetum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, chicory has been listed as one of the 38 plants used to prepare <a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vohra2004_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vohra2004-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forage">Forage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Forage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicory is highly digestible for <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminants</a> and has a low fiber concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicory roots were once considered an "excellent substitute for <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a>" for horses due to their protein and fat content.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicory contains a low quantity of reduced tannins<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that may increase protein utilization efficiency in ruminants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some tannins reduce intestinal parasites.<sup id="cite_ref-smallstock.info_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smallstock.info-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dietary chicory may be <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxic</a> to internal <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasites</a>, with studies of ingesting chicory by <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">farm animals</a> having lower <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_parasite_infection" title="Intestinal parasite infection">worm burdens</a>, leading to its use as a <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a> <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">supplement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although chicory might have originated in France, Italy and India,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> much development of chicory for use with livestock has been undertaken in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forage_varieties">Forage varieties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Forage varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>'Puna' ('<a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">Grasslands</a> Puna'): Developed in New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grasslands Puna is well adapted to different climates, being grown from <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> to Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is resistant to bolting, which leads to high nutrient levels in the leaves in spring. It also is able to quickly come back after grazing.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>'Forage Feast':<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variety from France used for human consumption and also for wildlife plots, where animals such as deer might graze.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is resistant to bolting.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is very cold-hardy, and being lower in tannins than other forage varieties, is suitable for human consumption.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>'Choice': has been bred for high winter and early-spring growth activity, and lower amounts of lactucin and lactone, which are believed to taint milk. It is also use for seeding deer wildlife plots.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Oasis':<sup id="cite_ref-Fiduccia_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiduccia-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was bred for increased lactone rates for the forage industry, and for higher resistance to fungal diseases such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sclerotinia" title="Sclerotinia">Sclerotinia</a></i> (mainly <i><a href="/wiki/Sclerotinia_minor" title="Sclerotinia minor">s. minor</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sclerotinia_sclerotiorum" title="Sclerotinia sclerotiorum">S. sclerotiorum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>'Puna II': This variety is more winter-active than most others, which leads to greater persistence and longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Grouse':<sup id="cite_ref-Sparks_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparks-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A New Zealand variety, it is used as a planting companion for forage <a href="/wiki/Brassica" title="Brassica">brassicas</a>. More prone to early flowering than other varieties, it has higher crowns more susceptible to overbrowsing.</li> <li>'Six Point': A United States variety, winter hardy and resistant to bolting.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiduccia_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiduccia-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is very similar to Puna.</li></ul> <p>Others varieties known include; 'Chico', 'Ceres Grouse', 'Good Hunt', 'El Nino' and 'Lacerta'.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plant has a history reaching back to ancient Egypt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In ancient <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, a dish called <i><a href="/wiki/Puntarelle" title="Puntarelle">puntarelle</a></i> was made with chicory sprouts.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Me pascunt olivae, me cichorea levesque <a href="/wiki/Malva" title="Malva">malvae</a></i></span> ("As for me, olives, endives, and light mallows provide sustenance").<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicory was first described as a cultivated plant in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When coffee was introduced to Europe, the Dutch thought that chicory made a lively addition to the bean drink.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1766, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> banned the importation of coffee into <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, leading to the development of a coffee substitute by <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a> innkeeper Christian Gottlieb Förster (died 1801), who gained a concession in 1769–70 to manufacture it in Brunswick and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. By 1795, 22 to 24 factories of this type were in Brunswick.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Monboddo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Monboddo">Lord Monboddo</a> describes the plant in 1779<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the "chicoree", which the French cultivated as a <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">pot herb</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Era">Napoleonic Era</a> France, chicory frequently appeared as an <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterant</a> in coffee, or as a coffee substitute.<sup id="cite_ref-DGS_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGS-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicory was also adopted as a coffee substitute by Confederate soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, and has become common in the U.S. It was also used in the UK during World War II, where <a href="/wiki/Camp_Coffee" title="Camp Coffee">Camp Coffee</a>, a coffee and chicory essence, has been on sale since 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S., chicory root has long been used as a coffee substitute in prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1840s, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_Orleans" title="Port of New Orleans">port of New Orleans</a> was the second-largest importer of coffee (after New York).<sup id="cite_ref-DGS_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGS-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louisianans began to add chicory root to their coffee when <a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Union naval</a> blockades during the American Civil War cut off the port of New Orleans, thereby creating a long-standing tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-DGS_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGS-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicory is mentioned in certain ancient Chinese texts about silk production. Amongst traditional recommendations the primary caretaker of the silkworms, the "silkworm mother", should not eat or even touch it.<sup id="cite_ref-AuveraSoie_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AuveraSoie-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TaiwanToday1984_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaiwanToday1984-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chicory flower is often seen as inspiration for the Romantic concept of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Flower">Blue Flower</a> (e.g. in German language <i>Blauwarte</i> ≈ blue lookout by the wayside). Similar to the springwort and moonwort, it could open locked doors, according to European <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the plant must be gathered at noon or midnight on St. James's Day and cut with gold while being silent, or else one would die afterwards. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chicory was also believed to grant its possessor invisibility. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">Sugar substitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_and_specialties_of_Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Cuisine and specialties of Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Cuisine and specialties of Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tropicos.org/Name/2702287?tab=synonyms">"<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L. synonyms"</a>. <i>Tropicos.org</i>. Missouri Botanical Garden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropicos.org&rft.atitle=Cichorium+intybus+L.+synonyms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftropicos.org%2FName%2F2702287%3Ftab%3Dsynonyms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-37233">"<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L."</a> <i>The Plant List</i>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+List&rft.atitle=Cichorium+intybus+L.&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl1.1%2Frecord%2Fgcc-37233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecocrop.fao.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecocrop.fao.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecocrop.fao.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523061502/http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=694">"Cichorium intybus"</a>. FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=694">the original</a> on 2013-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cichorium+intybus&rft.pub=FAO+-+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+UN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecocrop.fao.org%2Fecocrop%2Fsrv%2Fen%2FcropView%3Fid%3D694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:194533-1">"<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L."</a> <i>Plants of the World Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Cichorium+intybus+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A194533-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEliasDykeman2009" class="citation book cs1">Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/244766414"><i>Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing" title="Sterling Publishing">Sterling</a>. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6715-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6715-9"><bdi>978-1-4027-6715-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/244766414">244766414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edible+Wild+Plants%3A+A+North+American+Field+Guide+to+Over+200+Natural+Foods&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F244766414&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-6715-9&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft.au=Dykeman%2C+Peter+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F244766414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpellenberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00spel/page/366/"><i>National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region</i></a> (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40233-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40233-3"><bdi>978-0-375-40233-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Audubon+Society+Field+Guide+to+North+American+Wildflowers%3A+Western+Region&rft.pages=366&rft.edition=rev&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-375-40233-3&rft.aulast=Spellenberg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationalaudubons00spel%2Fpage%2F366%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harsh Pal Bais, GA Ravishankar (2001) Cichorium intybus L – cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects. <i>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture</i>, 81, 467–484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oardc.ohio-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oardc.ohio_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_CardinaCathy_HermsTim_KochTed_Webster" class="citation web cs1">John Cardina; Cathy Herms; Tim Koch; Ted Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/weedguide/singlerecord.asp?id=920">"Chickory <i>Cichorium intybus</i>"</a>. <i>Ohio Perennial & Biennial Weed Guide</i>. 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Sci</i>. <b>66</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1332–</span>1336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fps.2019">10.1002/ps.2019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20839264">20839264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Manag.+Sci.&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+biological+control+of+Sclerotinia+sclerotiorum+in+witloof+chicory+culture.&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1332-%3C%2Fspan%3E1336&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fps.2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20839264&rft.aulast=Benigni&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Bompeix%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyle2010" class="citation book cs1">Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/560560606"><i>The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them</i></a> (2nd ed.). Guilford, CN: <a href="/wiki/FalconGuides" class="mw-redirect" title="FalconGuides">FalconGuides</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-887-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-887-8"><bdi>978-1-59921-887-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/560560606">560560606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Edible+Wild+Plants%2C+Mushrooms%2C+Fruits%2C+and+Nuts%3A+How+to+Find%2C+Identify%2C+and+Cook+Them&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CN&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=FalconGuides&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F560560606&rft.isbn=978-1-59921-887-8&rft.aulast=Lyle&rft.aufirst=Katie+Letcher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F560560606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200023652">"Cichorium intybus"</a>. 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University of Wisconsin-Madison.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicory%2C+Cichorium+intybus&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin-Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhort.extension.wisc.edu%2Farticles%2Fchicory-cichorium-intybus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDorman" class="citation web cs1">Dorman, Kathryn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extension.psu.edu/chicory-weed-or-flower">"Chicory- weed or flower?"</a>. Penn State Extension.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicory-+weed+or+flower%3F&rft.pub=Penn+State+Extension&rft.aulast=Dorman&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fchicory-weed-or-flower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUniversity" class="citation web cs1">University, Utah State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/forbs-herbaceous/chicory">"Chicory"</a>. <i>extension.usu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wild+Herbs+of+Turkey&rft.pub=Turkish+Cultural+Foundation&rft.au=Tijen+%C4%B0naltong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkish-cuisine.org%2Fenglish%2Fpages.php%3FParentID%3D5%26FirstLevel%3D53%26SecondLevel%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNyerges2016" class="citation book cs1">Nyerges, Christopher (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RwDHCgAAQBAJ"><i>Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles</i></a>. 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New York: Campus Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-593-36337-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-593-36337-0"><bdi>978-3-593-36337-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genu%C3%9Fmittel&rft.place=Frankfurt+a.+M.+New+York&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-593-36337-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Philipp_Ribbentrop1796" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carl Philipp Ribbentrop (1796). <i>Vollständige Geschichte und Beschreibung der Stadt Braunschweig</i> (in German). Vol. 2. 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BBC. 16 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+-+A+History+of+the+World%3A+Original+Camp+Coffee+label&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fahistoryoftheworld%2Fobjects%2FXG1CiGSCTzqb05nDwIhhjg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(a) Delaney, John H. "New York (State). Dept. of Efficiency and Economy Annual Report". Albany New York, 1915, p. 673. Accessed via Google Books.<br />(b) "Prison Talk" website; Kentucky section: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313140240/http://prisontalk.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-173368.html">"Current Food Service Vendor Contract for another 4 yrs. UPDATED"</a>. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Food+Service+Vendor+Contract+for+another+4+yrs.+UPDATED&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prisontalk.com%2Fforums%2Farchive%2Findex.php%2Ft-173368.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AuveraSoie-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AuveraSoie_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auverasoie.com/Version_anglaise/univers.html">"Around silk: raising silk worms"</a>. <i>Au Ver a Soie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Au+Ver+a+Soie&rft.atitle=Around+silk%3A+raising+silk+worms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauverasoie.com%2FVersion_anglaise%2Funivers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TaiwanToday1984-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TaiwanToday1984_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwantoday.tw/print.php?unit=12,29,33,45&post=22633">"The sheen of romance"</a>. <i>Taiwan Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Today&rft.atitle=The+sheen+of+romance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwantoday.tw%2Fprint.php%3Funit%3D12%2C29%2C33%2C45%26post%3D22633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard, Michael. <i>Traditional Folk Remedies</i> (Century, 1987), p.120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRadford1961" class="citation book cs1">Radford, Edwin (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840105"><i>Encyclopaedia of superstitions</i></a>. Christina Hole, M. A. Radford (Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole ed.). London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-125200-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-125200-8"><bdi>0-09-125200-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/840105">840105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+superstitions&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised+and+enlarged+edition+by+Christina+Hole&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F840105&rft.isbn=0-09-125200-8&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F840105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicory" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicory&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cichorium_intybus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cichorium intybus">Cichorium intybus</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a> has bloom time data for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/BCP/Cichorium_intybus" class="extiw" title="v:BCP/Cichorium intybus">Cichorium intybus</a></b></i> on the <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Bloom_Clock" class="extiw" title="v:Bloom Clock">Bloom Clock</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chicory" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Chicory">Chicory</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/chicory" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/chicory">chicory</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927121306/http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=36762">ITIS 36762</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Cichorium.html">Species of chicory and endive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northernbushcraft.com/plants/chicory/notes.htm">Edibility of Chicory</a>: Edible parts and identification of wild Chicory.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516194224/http://www.naturemanitoba.ca/botany/wildPlants/Chicory.pdf">Chicory, from Nature Manitoba</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coffee" title="Template:Coffee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coffee" title="Template talk:Coffee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coffee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coffee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coffee512" class="hrecipe fn ingredient" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_coffee" title="Economics of coffee">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee" title="Fair trade coffee">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coffee" title="History of coffee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Coffee_Day" title="International Coffee Day">International Coffee Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-origin_coffee" title="Single-origin coffee">Single-origin coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_coffee" title="Third-wave coffee">Third-wave coffee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production" title="Coffee production">Coffee production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_coffee" title="Organic coffee">Organic coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade-grown_coffee" title="Shade-grown coffee">Shade-grown coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_coffee" title="Sustainable coffee">Sustainable coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries by coffee production">List of countries by coffee production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_roasting" title="Coffee roasting">Coffee roasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_wastewater" title="Coffee wastewater">Coffee wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decaffeination" title="Decaffeination">Decaffeination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_roasting_coffee" title="Home roasting coffee">Home roasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coffea" title="Coffea">Species</a> and <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_varieties" title="List of coffee varieties">varieties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_arabica" title="Coffea arabica">Arabica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benguet_coffee" title="Benguet coffee">Benguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Blue_Mountain_Coffee" title="Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee">Blue Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Bonifieur" title="Guadeloupe Bonifieur">Bonifieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_coffee" title="Bourbon coffee">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisha_(coffee)" title="Geisha (coffee)">Geisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kona_coffee" title="Kona coffee">Kona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maracaturra_coffee" title="Maracaturra coffee">Maracaturra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragogipe_Coffee" title="Maragogipe Coffee">Maragogipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokai_coffee" title="Molokai coffee">Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S795_coffee" title="S795 coffee">S795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagada_coffee" title="Sagada coffee">Sagada</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_charrieriana" title="Coffea charrieriana">Charrieriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_liberica" title="Coffea liberica">Liberica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapeng_barako" title="Kapeng barako">Barako</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_racemosa" title="Coffea racemosa">Racemosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robusta_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Robusta coffee">Robusta</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahawa_Sug" title="Kahawa Sug">Sulu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafestol" title="Cafestol">Cafestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">Caffeic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bean" title="Coffee bean">Coffee bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furan-2-ylmethanethiol" title="Furan-2-ylmethanethiol">Furan-2-ylmethanethiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahweol" title="Kahweol">Kahweol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coffee_preparation" title="Coffee preparation">Preparation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AeroPress" title="AeroPress">AeroPress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_coffee" title="Arabic coffee">Arabic coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebena" title="Jebena">Jebena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewed_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewed coffee">Brewed coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemex_Coffeemaker" title="Chemex Coffeemaker">Chemex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Cezve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorreador" title="Chorreador">Chorreador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeemaker" title="Coffeemaker">Coffeemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_brew_coffee" title="Cold brew coffee">Cold brew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_cold_brew_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitro cold brew coffee">nitro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_coffee" title="Drip coffee">Drip coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doppio" title="Doppio">doppio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">ristretto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso_machine" title="Espresso machine">Espresso machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_drip" class="mw-redirect" title="French drip">French drip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karlsbad_coffee_maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlsbad coffee maker">Karlsbad coffee maker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_press" title="French press">French press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_coffee" title="Instant coffee">Instant coffee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee syrup">Coffee syrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockbox" title="Knockbox">Knockbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moka_pot" title="Moka pot">Moka pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_flip_coffee_pot" title="Neapolitan flip coffee pot">Neapolitan flip coffee pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_percolator" title="Coffee percolator">Percolator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazdi_coffee" title="Yazdi coffee">Yazdi coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_coffee_maker" title="Vacuum coffee maker">Vacuum maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_drinks" title="List of coffee drinks">Coffee drinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affogato" title="Affogato">Affogato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_Americano" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffè Americano">Americano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaten_coffee" title="Beaten coffee">Beaten coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bica_(coffee)" title="Bica (coffee)">Bica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">Bicerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Russian" title="Black Russian">Black Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_iced_coffee" title="Vietnamese iced coffee">Cà phê sữa đá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_au_lait" title="Café au lait">Café au lait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_com_cheirinho" title="Café com cheirinho">Café com cheirinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche" title="Café con leche">Café con leche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_olla" title="Café de olla">Café de olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Touba" title="Café Touba">Café Touba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto" title="Caffè corretto">Caffè corretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_crema" title="Caffè crema">Caffè crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_mocha" title="Caffè mocha">Caffè mocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">Cappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carajillo" title="Carajillo">Carajillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cabinet" title="Coffee cabinet">Coffee cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_milk" title="Coffee milk">Coffee milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortado" title="Cortado">Cortado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_espresso" title="Cuban espresso">Café Cubano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalgona_coffee" title="Dalgona coffee">Dalgona coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_coffee" title="Egg coffee">Egg coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_white" title="Flat white">Flat white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frapp%C3%A9_coffee" title="Frappé coffee">Frappé coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frappuccino" title="Frappuccino">Frappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A3o" title="Galão">Galão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_drinks#Garoto" title="List of coffee drinks">Garoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gassosa_al_caff%C3%A8" title="Gassosa al caffè">Gassosa al caffè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iced_coffee" title="Iced coffee">Iced coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_filter_coffee" title="Indian filter coffee">Indian filter coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipoh_white_coffee" title="Ipoh white coffee">Ipoh white coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Irish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsk" title="Karsk">Karsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopi_(drink)" title="Kopi (drink)">Kopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopi_luwak" title="Kopi luwak">Kopi luwak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopi_tubruk" title="Kopi tubruk">Kopi tubruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_coffee" title="Kurdish coffee">Kurdish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_macchiato" title="Latte macchiato">Latte macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte" title="Latte">Latte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liqueur_coffee" title="Liqueur coffee">Liqueur coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_black" title="Long black">Long black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">Lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchino" title="Marocchino">Marocchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazagran_(drink)" title="Mazagran (drink)">Mazagran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moretta_(coffee)" title="Moretta (coffee)">Moretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliang" title="Oliang">Oliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raf_coffee" title="Raf coffee">Raf coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_drinks#Red_eye" title="List of coffee drinks">Red eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">Ristretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdesheimer_Kaffee" title="Rüdesheimer Kaffee">Rüdesheimer Kaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenom_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenom coffee">Tenom coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coffee" title="White coffee">White coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Russian_(cocktail)" title="White Russian (cocktail)">White Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Melange" title="Wiener Melange">Wiener Melange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazdi_coffee" title="Yazdi coffee">Yazdi coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuenyeung" title="Yuenyeung">Yuenyeung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bakery_caf%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bakery cafés">Bakery cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_companies" title="List of coffee companies">Coffee companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffeehouse_chains" title="List of coffeehouse chains">Coffeehouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barista" title="Barista">Barista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_barista" title="Bikini barista">Bikini barista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_sospeso" title="Caffè sospeso">Caffè sospeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)#Coffee_break" title="Break (work)">Coffee break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_ceremony_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" title="Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea">Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoffeeCon" title="CoffeeCon">CoffeeCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">Coffee culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture_in_Australia" title="Coffee culture in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture_in_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="Coffee culture in the former Yugoslavia">Former Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cupping" title="Coffee cupping">Coffee cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_palace" title="Coffee palace">Coffee palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_coffeehouses_in_the_17th_and_18th_centuries" title="English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries">Historical coffeehouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopi_tiam" title="Kopi tiam">Kopi tiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_art" title="Latte art">Latte art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennese_coffee_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennese coffee house">Viennese coffee house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coffee_substitute" title="Coffee substitute">Substitutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_d%27orzo" title="Caffè d'orzo">Barley coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_tea" title="Barley tea">Barley tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barleycup" title="Barleycup">Barleycup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro_(drink)" title="Caro (drink)">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cereal_coffee" title="Cereal coffee">Cereal coffee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandelion_coffee" title="Dandelion coffee">Dandelion coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_(drink)" title="Inka (drink)">Inka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum alicastrum">Maya nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postum" title="Postum">Postum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishr" title="Qishr">Qishr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serving vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cup" title="Coffee cup">Coffee cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cup_sleeve" title="Coffee cup sleeve">sleeve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Cezve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demitasse" title="Demitasse">Demitasse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demitasse_spoon" title="Demitasse spoon">spoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasse_%C3%A0_caf%C3%A9" title="Tasse à café">Tasse à café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarf" title="Zarf">Zarf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Barista_Championship" title="United States Barista Championship">United States Barista Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Barista_Championship" title="World Barista Championship">World Barista Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Brewers_Cup" title="World Brewers Cup">World Brewers Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_doughnuts" title="Coffee and doughnuts">Coffee and doughnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_service" title="Coffee service">Coffee service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_leaf_rust" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee leaf rust">Coffee leaf rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_wars" title="Coffee wars">Coffee wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_III_of_Sweden%27s_coffee_experiment" title="Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment">Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_coffee" title="Canned coffee">Canned coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_vending_machine" title="Coffee vending machine">Coffee vending machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_coffee_grounds" title="Used coffee grounds">Used coffee grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_coffee" title="Sustainable coffee">Sustainable coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_acid_coffee" title="Low acid coffee">Low acid coffee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/15px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/23px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/30px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Coffee" title="Category:Coffee">Category: Coffee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers8301" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers8301" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cichorium intybus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2544599" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2544599">Q2544599</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_intybus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cichorium intybus">Cichorium intybus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1765">1765</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=639">639</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/137103">137103</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/69009">69009</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APSA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://apsa.anu.edu.au/sample/286-131-1b">286-131-1b</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/cichorium-intybus/">cichorium-intybus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id41611">41611</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=2107">2107</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/V857">V857</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=694">694</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Cichorium_intybus">Cichorium_intybus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/467862">467862</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CICIN">CICIN</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/152694">152694</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/7935">7935</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200023652">200023652</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Cichorium%20intybus">Cichorium intybus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023652">200023652</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5392252">5392252</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10543">10543</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/52913">52913</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=5332">5332</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/194533-1">194533-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10997654">10997654</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=36763">36763</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=282">282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277301">277301</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154066/">2.154066</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000004514">NBNSYS0000004514</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=13427">13427</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NSWFlora" class="mw-redirect" title="NSWFlora">NSWFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Cichorium~intybus">Cichorium~intybus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/78a1fbcc-30d2-490e-b19d-31922bf4da13">78a1fbcc-30d2-490e-b19d-31922bf4da13</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Plant_Conservation_Network" title="New Zealand Plant Conservation Network">NZPCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=3657">3657</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/6608/">6608</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=692350">692350</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Cichorium_intybus">Cichorium_intybus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=6152">6152</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-37233">gcc-37233</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CIIN">CIIN</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A194533-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:194533-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/41554/wd/Details">41554</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/2702287">2702287</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/2987">2987</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/33cba576-564f-4d00-abf8-b486a98bb442">33cba576-564f-4d00-abf8-b486a98bb442</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WiO: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontario.ca/document/weed-identification-guide-ontario-crops/chicory">chicory</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WisFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=3127">3127</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000080671">wfo-0000080671</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1091675">1091675</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1489" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2544599#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4210829-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chicory"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85023316">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chicorée sauvage"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122742640">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chicorée sauvage"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122742640">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="čekanka obecná"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph202602&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007285680805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicory&oldid=1281476589">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicory&oldid=1281476589</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cichorieae" title="Category:Cichorieae">Cichorieae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coffee_substitutes" title="Category:Coffee substitutes">Coffee substitutes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops" 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