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John Dadford - Wikipedia
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Dadford">James Dadford</a>. He lived from approximately 1769 to 1800, although neither date is known for certain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Dadford was the third son of the canal engineer Thomas Dadford and his wife Frances Brown, the daughter of a Wolverhampton toymaker called Samuel Brown. They lived in the Wolverhampton area, and it is probable that John was born in that area. His older brothers were Thomas and James, both of whom worked as canal engineers. He had a younger brother called William and a sister called Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known to have been a pupil at <a href="/wiki/Sedgley_Park_School,_Wolverhampton" title="Sedgley Park School, Wolverhampton">Sedgley Park Roman Catholic School</a> between May 1778 and June 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1790, he was working as an engineer, assisting his father and his brother Thomas with surveys for the <a href="/wiki/Neath_and_Tennant_Canal" title="Neath and Tennant Canal">Neath Canal</a>. His involvement with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Glamorganshire_Canal" title="Glamorganshire Canal">Glamorganshire Canal</a> is less certain, but quite likely. By 1792, he was working independently, surveying a route for a canal and tramway to connect the Neath Canal to the Glamorganshire Canal, and a route for a road along the Aberdare Valley. Between 1792 and 1793 he was employed as a carrier on the Glamorganshire Canal.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His next major project was the <a href="/wiki/Brecknock_and_Abergavenny_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal">Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal</a>. When he first surveyed the line, it was to run from the Glangrwyney Ironworks near Gilwern to the <a href="/wiki/River_Usk" title="River Usk">River Usk</a> at Newbridge, near Caerleon, but the northern terminus was then extended to Brecon, and negotiations with the Monmouthshire Canal resulted in a revised line, with the two canals joining at Pontymoile. A <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">bill</a> was presented to Parliament in January 1793, but after its second reading, the Monmouthshire Canal succeeded in making an amendment, for a somewhat different route which had been surveyed by his brother Thomas.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> to authorise the canal was obtained in March 1793, and allowed either the company or owners of collieries to build tramroads from the canal to points up to 8 miles (13 km) from it. Although no work on the canal had started, the company began building the <a href="/wiki/Clydach_Gorge#Clydach_Railroad" title="Clydach Gorge">Clydach Tramway</a>, with Dadford as engineer. It used edge rails, like modern railways, which were laid on iron sleepers initially, but then on wooden sleepers. It is difficult to be certain which sections Dadford was responsible for, with Hadfield describing a tramroad from Gelli-felen colliery to Gilwern, which then crossed the River Usk to reach Glangrwyne, where iron from Ebbw Vale was worked in a forge<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skempton describes a 5.5-mile (8.9 km) tramroad from Llangroiney <i>[Glangrwyne]</i> to Gellifelen, and a second section from Gellifelen to Fossalog, near Nantyglo,<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Gladwin and Gladwin describe a 1.4-mile (2.3 km) route from Llammarch Colliery to Clydach Ironworks.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dadford's bridge over the Usk collapsed in February 1795, when the river was in flood, and the fact that he had not built flood relief culverts into the embankments on either side of the bridge was deemed to have been a contributory factor in its failure.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1794, he became the engineer for the <a href="/wiki/Montgomeryshire_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgomeryshire Canal">Montgomeryshire Canal</a>, which extended the Llanymynech Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Canal" title="Ellesmere Canal">Ellesmere Canal</a> from its terminus at Llanymynech to <a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Powys" title="Newtown, Powys">Newtown</a>. It had been authorised in March 1794, and John was to be assisted by his brother Thomas. The route involved crossing the <a href="/wiki/River_Vyrnwy" title="River Vyrnwy">River Vyrnwy</a>, where a five-arched aqueduct was built, each with a span of 39 feet (12 m), and crossing the River Rhiw at <a href="/wiki/Berriew" title="Berriew">Berriew</a>, where two 30-foot (9.1 m) arches spanned the river, and there were two more arches on the land. One of the arches of the Vyrnwy aqueduct collapsed, and there were troubles with the Rhiw aqueduct. He resigned in July 1796 and emigrated to <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a>. On his brother's suggestion, he was replaced by his father. The committee were critical of the Dadfords, but when they called in <a href="/wiki/William_Jessop" title="William Jessop">William Jessop</a> to advise them, he suggested that such issues were merely teething problems, and were quite normal on such a project.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known what Dadford did after emigrating, and he was not mentioned in his father's will in 1809, which probably indicates that he died there before then. Despite the failure of some of his bridges, he was highly regarded, with the Monmouthshire Canal requesting that if anyone was sent down to inspect the works, they would prefer John Dadford to anyone else.<sup id="cite_ref-skempton167_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Canals of the United Kingdom">Canals of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_canal_system" title="History of the British canal system">History of the British canal system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spelling of Glangrwyne is encountered in different forms including Glangrwyney and Llangrwyne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkempton2002">Skempton 2002</a>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skempton167-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skempton167_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkempton2002">Skempton 2002</a>, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadfield1967">Hadfield 1967</a>, pp. 161–162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGladwinGladwin1991">Gladwin & Gladwin 1991</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadfield1985">Hadfield 1985</a>, pp. 189–192</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dadford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDenton1984" class="citation book cs1">Denton, John Horsley (1984). <i>Montgomeryshire Canal and the Llanymynech Branch of the Ellesmere Canal</i>. Lapal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9509238-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9509238-1-8"><bdi>0-9509238-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montgomeryshire+Canal+and+the+Llanymynech+Branch+of+the+Ellesmere+Canal&rft.pub=Lapal+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-9509238-1-8&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=John+Horsley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladwinGladwin1991" class="citation book cs1">Gladwin, D.D. J.M.; Gladwin, J.M. (1991). <i>The Canals of the Welsh Valleys And Their Tramroads</i>. Oakwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85361-412-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85361-412-1"><bdi>0-85361-412-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canals+of+the+Welsh+Valleys+And+Their+Tramroads&rft.pub=Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-85361-412-1&rft.aulast=Gladwin&rft.aufirst=D.D.+J.M.&rft.au=Gladwin%2C+J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadfield1985" class="citation book cs1">Hadfield, Charles (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58RIAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Canals of South West England</i></a>. David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-8645-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-8645-3"><bdi>978-0-7153-8645-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canals+of+South+West+England&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-7153-8645-3&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58RIAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadfield1967" class="citation book cs1">Hadfield, Charles (1967). <i>The Canals of South Wales and the Border</i>. David and Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4027-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4027-1"><bdi>0-7153-4027-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canals+of+South+Wales+and+the+Border&rft.pub=David+and+Charles&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-7153-4027-1&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaget-Tomlison1993" class="citation book cs1">Paget-Tomlison, Edward (1993). <i>The Illustrated History of Canal and River Navigations</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-277-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-277-6"><bdi>978-1-85075-277-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+Canal+and+River+Navigations&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85075-277-6&rft.aulast=Paget-Tomlison&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkempton2002" class="citation book cs1">Skempton, Sir Alec; et al. (2002). <i>A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830</i>. Thomas Telford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7277-2939-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7277-2939-X"><bdi>0-7277-2939-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Civil+Engineers+in+Great+Britain+and+Ireland%3A+Vol+1%3A+1500+to+1830&rft.pub=Thomas+Telford&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7277-2939-X&rft.aulast=Skempton&rft.aufirst=Sir+Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Dadford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐f7rzp Cached time: 20241124165634 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.268 seconds Real time usage: 0.340 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 706/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11905/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 393/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19248/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6760753/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 312.211 1 -total 31.65% 98.821 6 Template:Cite_book 18.95% 59.172 1 Template:Reflist 13.38% 41.765 5 Template:Harvnb 12.73% 39.731 1 Template:Authority_control 10.42% 32.524 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 10.20% 31.839 1 Template:Portal 8.75% 27.333 5 Template:Convert 4.02% 12.538 2 Template:DMCA 3.03% 9.472 1 Template:Refbegin --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:845874-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124165634 and revision id 1184382652. 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