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class="burr-sidebar burr-content-region panel-panel"> <div class="burr-sidebar-inner burr-content-region-inner panel-panel-inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-node-content pane-background-callout" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="node-891" class="node node-panopoly-page node-promoted clearfix" about="/research/clinical-research" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p></p><div class="media media-element-container media-third _none"><picture class="media-element file-third">  <source srcset="/sites/clinicalpharmacy.ucsf.edu/files/styles/pharmacy_third/public/RS2361_P25-005-hpr%20%281%29cropbright.jpg?itok=Pj8ZfEXE&timestamp=1410292451 1x, 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media="(min-width: 431px) and (max-width: 480px)"></source> <source srcset="/sites/clinicalpharmacy.ucsf.edu/files/styles/pharmacy_third/public/RS2361_P25-005-hpr%20%281%29cropbright.jpg?itok=Pj8ZfEXE&timestamp=1410292451 1x, /sites/clinicalpharmacy.ucsf.edu/files/styles/pharmacy_three_quarters/public/RS2361_P25-005-hpr%20%281%29cropbright.jpg?itok=SAi8vYal&timestamp=1410292451 2x, /sites/clinicalpharmacy.ucsf.edu/files/styles/pharmacy_full/public/RS2361_P25-005-hpr%20%281%29cropbright.jpg?itok=fbe7vvym&timestamp=1410292451 3x" media="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 430px)"></source>  <img class="media-element file-third" src="/sites/clinicalpharmacy.ucsf.edu/files/styles/pharmacy_third/public/RS2361_P25-005-hpr%20%281%29cropbright.jpg?itok=Pj8ZfEXE&timestamp=1410292451" alt="Pharmacist looks at patient file" title="" /> </picture> <div class="field field-name-field-image-credit-term field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">David Powers</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Clinical research in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy seeks to determine the safest, most effective use of medications for a given patient or population and disease state, while accounting for age, gender, ethnicity, health status, and genetics.</p> <p>Clinical research might also involve analyzing potential interactions between drugs, the effect of physiologic status (e.g., kidney and liver function) on drug elimination, as well as optimizing drug-related diagnostics, monitoring, and dosing.</p> <p>In support of evidence-based pharmacy practice, the department’s clinical scientists explore:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medication outcomes and comparative effectiveness</strong>—the assessment of relative drug effectiveness in the treatment of various disease states</li> <li><strong>Pharmacoepidemiology</strong>—observational studies of drug effectiveness and harm in broad populations</li> <li><strong>Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics</strong>—the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body, and the effects of drugs on pathogens and diseases</li> </ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="burr-content burr-content-region panel-panel"> <div class="burr-content-inner burr-content-region-inner panel-panel-inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-chunks-panes-chunks-panel-pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-chunks-panes view-id-chunks_panes view-display-id-chunks_panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-f0810d700c861163b1dd973614b8f522"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-panels-chunks-revision-id"> <div class="field-content"><h2>Medication outcomes and comparative effectiveness</h2> <p class="eyecatching">the assessment of relative drug effectiveness in the treatment of various disease states</p> <p>The department-based UCSF <a href="https://medicationoutcomescenter.ucsf.edu/">Medication Outcomes Center (MOC)</a> performs research and conducts evidence-based analyses to assess the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of medications at UCSF Health and affiliated institutions.</p> <p>Examples of our research include:</p> <ul> <li>Reviewing World Health Organization, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and medical literature databases to determine whether the antipsychotic haloperidol, when administered intravenously to treat acute delirium, was associated with dangerous arrhythmias and thus required continuous electrocardiogram monitoring</li> <li>Analyzing the safety and coordination of drug monitoring and information resources (such as black box safety warning information about potential adverse drug reactions) to warn dispensing pharmacists of duplications of drug classes, in particular cumulative excessive doses of acetaminophen</li> </ul> <h2>Pharmacoepidemiology</h2> <p class="eyecatching">observational studies of drug effectiveness and harm in broad populations</p> <p>The department is home to the <a href="https://calpoison.org/">California Poison Control System (CPCS)</a>, which provides round-the-clock telephone consultations to the public, as well as to health care and emergency medical providers, on more than 300,000 poisoning cases each year. While a public service, the CPCS also has a research agenda that includes retrospective reviews of poisoning and overdose trends, risk factors for complications, comparable toxicities, and best treatment practices.</p> <p>Examples of our research include:</p> <ul> <li>Evaluating the association between pharmacological clearance and severe rash and hepatotoxicity for the antiretroviral nevirapine in HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women</li> <li>Evaluating risk factors for complications of drug-induced seizures, and determining which newer medications have emerged as common causes of seizures</li> <li>Comparing the acute toxicity of first- versus second-generation antipsychotic drugs, via chart review of nearly 2,000 overdose cases in the CPCS database</li> <li>Evaluating the impact of a hospital-wide increase in initial dosing of the antibiotic vancomycin in children suspected of having methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) infection, based on predictive models of pediatric drug clearance</li> <li>Comparing the cost-effectiveness of using a more expensive antifungal medication with a reduced rate of nephrotoxicity for the prophylactic treatment of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia</li> </ul> <h2>Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics</h2> <p class="eyecatching">the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body, and the effects of drugs on pathogens and diseases</p> <p>Examples of our research include:</p> <ul> <li>Developing new drug regimens to more effectively kill bacteria when they aggregate into antibiotic-resistant biofilms, specifically <em>P. aeruginosa</em> infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis</li> <li>Evaluating the most widely-used treatments for malaria to determine if standard dosing derived from adult studies is safe and effective for young children or pregnant women, including when it is given in combination with antiretrovirals for HIV</li> <li>Studying how variables (age, kidney function, or genetics) affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat patients undergoing stem cell transplants for blood and bone marrow cancers, such as leukemia</li> <li>Developing a low-cost, non-invasive, and field-friendly test for patient adherence to and pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals—thus predicting HIV treatment outcomes—by analyzing drug levels in hair samples</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-people-panel-pane-1" > <h2 class="pane-title">Faculty members engaged in this research area</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-people view-id-people view-display-id-panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-0f695dff093037c102313cda24482d08"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul class="columns-2"> <li class="views-row-odd views-row-first"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/brian-alldredge">Brian Alldredge, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/fran-aweeka">Fran Aweeka, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/kirsten-balano">Kirsten Balano, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/tram-cat">Tram Cat, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/valerie-clinard">Valerie Clinard, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/jennifer-cocohoba">Jennifer Cocohoba, PharmD, MAS</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/robin-corelli">Robin Corelli, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/donna-dare">Donna Dare, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/amelia-deitchman">Amelia Deitchman, PharmD, PhD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/cathi-dennehy">Cathi Dennehy, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/stephanie-hsia">Stephanie Hsia, PharmD, MA</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/jeroen-jansen">Jeroen Jansen, PhD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/lisa-kroon">Lisa Kroon, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/janel-long-boyle">Janel Long-Boyle, PharmD, PhD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/shalini-lynch">Shalini Lynch, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/conan-macdougall">Conan MacDougall, PharmD, MAS</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/akinyemi-oni-orisan">Akinyemi Oni-Orisan, PharmD, PhD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/tiffany-pon">Tiffany Pon, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/rosa-rodriguez-monguio">Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio, PhD, MS</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/jaekyu-shin">Jaekyu Shin, PharmD, MS</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/shannan-takhar">Shannan Takhar, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/bani-tamraz">Bani Tamraz, PharmD, PhD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/trang-trinh">Trang Trinh, PharmD, MPH</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/candy-tsourounis">Candy Tsourounis, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/samantha-valle-oseguera">Samantha Valle-Oseguera, PharmD</a> </li> <li class="views-row-even"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/katherine-yang">Katherine Yang, PharmD, MPH</a> </li> <li class="views-row-odd views-row-last"> <a href="https://pharmacy.ucsf.edu/crystal-zhou">Crystal Zhou, PharmD</a> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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