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Moog Co.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theremins_and_R.A._Moog_Co.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moog_synthesizer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moog_synthesizer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Moog synthesizer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moog_synthesizer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Company decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Big_Briar,_return_of_Moog_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big_Briar,_return_of_Moog_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Big Briar, return of Moog Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big_Briar,_return_of_Moog_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Moog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%BA" title="روبرت موغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت موغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Роберт Муг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Муг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Робърт Муг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Муг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF" title="رابرت موگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت موگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AA%A8%EA%B7%B8" title="로버트 모그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 모그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92" title="רוברט מוג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט מוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Роберт Моуг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Моуг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="റോബർട്ട്‌ മോഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ട്‌ മോഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="روبرت موج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت موج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="ロバート・モーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・モーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%97" title="ରବର୍ଟ ମୂଗ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରବର୍ଟ ମୂଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Moog" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Moog" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American electronic music pioneer (1934–2005)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Robert Moog</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Moog3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bob_Moog3.jpg/250px-Bob_Moog3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bob_Moog3.jpg/500px-Bob_Moog3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Arthur Moog</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-05-23</span>)</span>May 23, 1934<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 21, 2005<span style="display:none">(2005-08-21)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queens_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="Queens College, City University of New York">Queens College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (BS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Engineer</li><li>inventor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Shirley May Leigh</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1994)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Ileana Grams</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1996)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Moog" title="Florence Moog">Florence Moog</a> (aunt)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moog" title="Bill Moog">Bill Moog</a> (cousin)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Arthur Moog</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOHG</span></i></a>; May 23, 1934 – August 21, 2005) was an American engineer and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> pioneer. He was the founder of the synthesizer manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Moog_Music" title="Moog Music">Moog Music</a> and the inventor of the first commercial <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a>, which debuted in 1964. In 1970, Moog released a more portable model, the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a>, described as the most famous and influential synthesizer in history. Among Moog's honors are a <a href="/wiki/Technical_Grammy_Award" title="Technical Grammy Award">Technical Grammy Award</a>, received in 2002, and an induction into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a>. </p><p>By 1963, Moog had been designing and selling <a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">theremins</a> for several years while working toward a PhD in engineering physics at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. He developed his synthesizer in response to demand for more practical and affordable electronic-music equipment, guided by suggestions and requests from composers. Moog's principal innovation was the <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">voltage-controlled oscillator</a>, which uses <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> to control <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>. He also introduced fundamental synthesizer concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Modular_synthesizer" title="Modular synthesizer">modularity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Envelope_(music)" title="Envelope (music)">envelope generation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pitch_wheel" title="Pitch wheel">pitch wheel</a>. He is credited with introducing synthesizers to a wider audience and influencing the development of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>. </p><p>Moog pursued his work as a hobby, and he is regarded as a poor businessman. His only <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> was on his <a href="/wiki/Ladder_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladder filter">transistor ladder</a> <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_filter" title="Voltage-controlled filter">filter</a> design; commentators have speculated that he would have become extremely wealthy had he patented his other innovations, but that their availability in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> helped the synthesizer industry flourish. </p><p>In 1971, Moog sold Moog Music to <a href="/wiki/Norlin_Musical_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Norlin Musical Instruments">Norlin Musical Instruments</a>, where he remained as a designer until 1977. In 1978, he founded the company Big Briar, and in 2002 he renamed it Moog Music after reacquiring the rights to the name. In later years, Moog taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Asheville" title="University of North Carolina at Asheville">University of North Carolina at Asheville</a> and continued designing instruments for the revived Moog Music. He died at the age of 71 in <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a> from a brain tumor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Moog was born at <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Hospital_Medical_Center" title="Flushing Hospital Medical Center">Flushing Hospital</a> in New York City on May 23, 1934. His father was George Conrad Moog, of German descent. His mother was Shirley (Jacobs) Moog, of Polish-Jewish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-GlinskyP4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlinskyP4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised in <a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Flushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he was a boy, Moog's mother forced him to study the piano. He was active in the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts</a>, and especially enjoyed spending time with his father, a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Edison" title="Consolidated Edison">Consolidated Edison</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">engineer</a>, visiting <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Radio_Row" title="Radio Row">Radio Row</a> and working on <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> projects.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became fascinated by the <a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">theremin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electronic instrument</a> controlled by moving the hands over <a href="/wiki/Radio_antennae" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio antennae">radio antennae</a>. In 1949, at the age of 14, he built a theremin from plans printed in <i><a href="/wiki/Electronics_World" title="Electronics World">Electronics World</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_High_School_of_Science" title="Bronx High School of Science">Bronx High School of Science</a> in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Queens_College,_City_University_of_New_York" title="Queens College, City University of New York">Queens College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> in 1955, and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> <a href="/wiki/Fu_Foundation_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Science" title="Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science">School of Engineering and Applied Science</a> under a <a href="/wiki/3-2_engineering" title="3-2 engineering">3-2 engineering program</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">engineering physics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theremins_and_R.A._Moog_Co.">Theremins and R.A. Moog Co.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theremins and R.A. Moog Co."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1953, Moog produced his own theremin design, and in the following year, he published an article on the theremin in <i>Radio and Television News</i>. That same year, he founded <a href="/wiki/RA_Moog_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="RA Moog Co">R.A. Moog Co.</a>, building theremins and theremin kits in his parents' home and selling them via <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail order</a>. In 1956, Moog and his father visited <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Scott" title="Raymond Scott">Raymond Scott</a>'s Manhattan Research facility, and Scott purchased a Moog Model 305 theremin. Scott rewired the Moog theremin to be controlled by a keyboard, dubbing his creation the <a href="/wiki/Clavivox" title="Clavivox">Clavivox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moog married in 1958 and continued building and selling theremin kits from his own home in <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a>, before establishing the company's first commercial space at 41 East Main Street in <a href="/wiki/Trumansburg,_New_York" title="Trumansburg, New York">Trumansburg, New York</a> in 1963,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all while continuing to pursue his <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moog_synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Moog synthesizer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg/300px-Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg/450px-Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Moog_Modular_55_img2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At Cornell, Moog began work on his first synthesizer components with composer <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Deutsch" title="Herbert Deutsch">Herb Deutsch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, synthesizers were enormous, room-filling instruments;<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moog hoped to build a more compact synthesizer that would appeal to musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that practicality and affordability were the most important parameters.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, Moog began creating the Moog modular synthesizer.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was composed of separate <a href="/wiki/Modular_synthesizer" title="Modular synthesizer">modules</a> that created and shaped sounds, connected by <a href="/wiki/Patch_cable" title="Patch cable">patch cords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous synthesizers, such as the <a href="/wiki/RCA_Mark_II_Sound_Synthesizer" title="RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer">RCA Mark II</a>, had created sound from hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:142_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:142-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Moog used recently available silicon <a href="/wiki/Transistors" class="mw-redirect" title="Transistors">transistors</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Exponential_function" title="Exponential function">exponential</a> relationship between input <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> and output <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">current</a>. With these, he created the <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">voltage-controlled oscillator</a> (VCO), which generates a <a href="/wiki/Waveform" title="Waveform">waveform</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> that could be adjusted by changing the voltage. Similarly, he used voltage to control <a href="/wiki/Loudness" title="Loudness">loudness</a> with <a href="/wiki/Voltage_controlled_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage controlled amplifier">voltage-controlled amplifiers</a> (VCAs).<sup id="cite_ref-:23_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One innovative feature was its <a href="/wiki/Envelope_(music)" title="Envelope (music)">envelope</a>, which controls how notes swell and fade.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i>, Moog's 1964 paper <i>Voltage-Controlled Music Modules</i>, in which he proposed the Moog synthesizer modules, invented the modern concept of the <a href="/wiki/Analog_synthesizer" title="Analog synthesizer">analog synthesizer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moog debuted the instrument at the 1964 <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a> convention in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was much smaller than other synthesizers, such as the <a href="/wiki/RCA_Synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Synthesizer">RCA Synthesizer</a> introduced a decade earlier, and much cheaper, at US$10,000, as compared to the six-figure sums of other synthesizers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas the RCA Synthesizer was programmed with <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punchcards</a>, Moog's synthesizer could be programmed with knobs and patch cables and played via keyboard, making it attractive to musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i> described it as the first commercial synthesizer.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Moog and then Fred Cochran constructed the so-called Moogtonium for the composer Max Brand. It is still operational and exhibited in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langenzersdorf_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langenzersdorf Museum (page does not exist)">Langenzersdorf_Museum</a> near Vienna (Austria).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Moog described himself as a toolmaker designing things for his users, not himself.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His development was driven by requests and suggestions from various musicians, including Deutsch (who devised the instrument's keyboard interface), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Teitelbaum" title="Richard Teitelbaum">Richard Teitelbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ussachevsky" title="Vladimir Ussachevsky">Vladimir Ussachevsky</a> (credited with devising the ADSR envelope shape), and <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Carlos" title="Wendy Carlos">Wendy Carlos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other early customers included choreographer and composer <a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a> and composer <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universities established electronic music studios with Moog synthesizers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, Moog released the portable fixed-architecture <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a>, described as the most famous and influential synthesizer in history.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Company_decline">Company decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Company decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though commentators have praised Moog's engineering abilities, some have also described him as a poor businessman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moog had pursued the development of his synthesizer as a hobby, stressing that he was regarded as a businessman but had not known what a <a href="/wiki/Balance_sheet" title="Balance sheet">balance sheet</a> was.<sup id="cite_ref-:232_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:232-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He likened the experience to a theme park ride: "You know you're not going to get hurt too badly because nobody would let you do that, but you're not quite in control."<sup id="cite_ref-:232_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:232-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moog only patented his <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_filter" title="Voltage-controlled filter">filter</a> design; <a href="/wiki/David_Borden" title="David Borden">David Borden</a>, one of the first users of the Minimoog, felt that if Moog had patented his <a href="/wiki/Pitch_wheel" title="Pitch wheel">pitch wheel</a> design, he would have become extremely wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Sound_on_Sound" title="Sound on Sound">Sound on Sound</a></i>, if Moog had created a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> on other synthesizer ideas that he created, such as modularity, envelope generation and voltage control, "it's likely the synth industry as we know it today would never have happened."<sup id="cite_ref-SOSOct2003_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOSOct2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1971, Moog Music absorbed investors, merged with <a href="/wiki/Norlin_Musical_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Norlin Musical Instruments">Norlin Musical Instruments</a> and moved to "less than ideal" premises near <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, amid a debilitating recession.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moog remained employed as a designer at the company until 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that he would have left earlier if his contract had not required him to remain employed there for four years to cash his stock.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the decade, Moog Music was facing competition from cheaper, easier-to-use instruments by competitors including <a href="/wiki/ARP_Instruments" title="ARP Instruments">ARP</a>, Aries, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/E-mu_Systems" title="E-mu Systems">E-mu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Big_Briar,_return_of_Moog_Music"><span id="Big_Briar.2C_return_of_Moog_Music"></span>Big Briar, return of Moog Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Big Briar, return of Moog Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1978, Moog moved to North Carolina and founded a new electronic instrument company, Big Briar.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked as a consultant and vice president for new product research at <a href="/wiki/Kurzweil_Music_Systems" title="Kurzweil Music Systems">Kurzweil Music Systems</a> from 1984 to 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s, he was a <a href="/wiki/Research_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Research professor">research professor</a> of music at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Asheville" title="University of North Carolina at Asheville">University of North Carolina at Asheville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, he renamed Big Briar to Moog Music after retrieving the rights to the name.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, he continued to design electronic instruments, including a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a>-operated piano.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moog married Shirley May Leigh on June 15, 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four children, Laura (1961), Renée (1963), Michelle (1967), and Matthew (1970).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They divorced in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 19, 1996 Moog married Ileana Grams.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moog was diagnosed with a <a href="/wiki/Glioblastoma_multiforme" class="mw-redirect" title="Glioblastoma multiforme">glioblastoma multiforme</a> brain tumor on April 28, 2005. He died on August 21, 2005, at the age of 71 in <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was survived by his second wife Ileana, four children, one stepdaughter and five grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moog has had a lasting influence on music. The BBC describes him as a pioneer of synthesized sound.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i>, his inventions "changed the complexion of the pop and classical music worlds."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moog's name became so associated with electronic music that it was sometimes used as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">generic term</a> for any synthesizer.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moog's awards include honorary doctorates from <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Institute_of_New_York_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic Institute of New York University">Polytechnic Institute of New York University</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lycoming_College" title="Lycoming College">Lycoming College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport, Pennsylvania</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Trustees_Award" title="Grammy Trustees Award">Grammy Trustees Award</a> for lifetime achievement in 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a> in 2001 and a Special Merit/<a href="/wiki/Technical_Grammy_Award" title="Technical Grammy Award">Technical Grammy Award</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, to celebrate Moog's birthday, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> created an interactive version of the Minimoog as its <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Moog was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum">Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moogseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Moogseum.jpg/250px-Moogseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Moogseum.jpg/330px-Moogseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Moogseum.jpg/500px-Moogseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>The Moogseum</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 18, 2013, Moog's widow Ileana Grams-Moog announced plans to donate Moog's archives, maintained by the Bob Moog Foundation, to <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. The foundation offered her $100,000 but Grams-Moog would not sell the archives. She felt that Cornell could provide better access for researchers and that the foundation had not made enough progress toward a planned museum to be worthy of maintaining the collection. The foundation responded that it had sufficiently preserved the collection and had made efforts to improve storage, although it could not yet afford to build the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2019, the Bob Moog Foundation opened the <a href="/wiki/Moogseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Moogseum">Moogseum</a>, a museum dedicated to Moog's work, in Asheville, North Carolina. The displays include rare theremins, prototype synthesizer modules and Moog's documents.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moog has been the subject of books about his life and work, including the 2004 book <i>Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer</i> by <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Pinch" title="Trevor Pinch">Trevor Pinch</a> and Frank Trocco and the 2023 biography <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Glinsky" title="Albert Glinsky">Albert Glinsky</a>. Moog had contributed the foreword to Glinsky's first book, <i>Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage,</i> about <a href="/wiki/Leon_Theremin" title="Leon Theremin">Leon Theremin</a>, who was a principal inspiration to Moog.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moog was also the subject of <i><a href="/wiki/Moog_(film)" title="Moog (film)">Moog</a></i>, a 2004 documentary directed by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fjellestad" title="Hans Fjellestad">Hans Fjellestad</a>, who said that Moog "embodies the archetypal American maverick inventor."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GlinskyP4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlinskyP4_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKozinn2005" class="citation news cs1">Kozinn, Allan (August 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/23/arts/music/robert-moog-creator-of-music-synthesizer-dies-at-71.html">"Robert Moog, Creator of Music Synthesizer, Dies at 71"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Moog%2C+Creator+of+Music+Synthesizer%2C+Dies+at+71&rft.date=2005-08-23&rft.aulast=Kozinn&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F08%2F23%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Frobert-moog-creator-of-music-synthesizer-dies-at-71.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2005" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Adam (August 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/22/AR2005082200373.html">"Robert Moog Dies; Created Electronic Synthesizer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Robert+Moog+Dies%3B+Created+Electronic+Synthesizer&rft.date=2005-08-23&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F08%2F22%2FAR2005082200373.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrangle2012" class="citation news cs1">Trangle, Sarina (May 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riverdalepress.com/stories/Synthesizer-reunion,50420">"Synthesizer reunion"</a>. <i>The Riverdale Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303174326/http://riverdalepress.com/stories/Synthesizer-reunion,50420">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2018</span>. <q>In honor of what would've been Robert Moog's 78th birthday, the Bronx High School of Science started its day with a tribute to the 1952 alumnus who began pioneering the synthesizer in high school.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Riverdale+Press&rft.atitle=Synthesizer+reunion&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft.aulast=Trangle&rft.aufirst=Sarina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friverdalepress.com%2Fstories%2FSynthesizer-reunion%2C50420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HjNWAAAAMAAJ&q=robert+moog+queens+college+1957"><i>Journal of the Audio Engineering Society</i></a>. Audio Engineering Society. 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Audio+Engineering+Society&rft.pub=Audio+Engineering+Society.&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHjNWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Drobert%2Bmoog%2Bqueens%2Bcollege%2B1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ket5EAAAQBAJ&q=combined%20plan"><i>Switched on: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-764207-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-764207-8"><bdi>978-0-19-764207-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+on%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-764207-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKet5EAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcombined%2520plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NNDB-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/801/000023732/">"Robert Moog"</a>. <i>nndb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nndb.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Moog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F801%2F000023732%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4696651.stm">"Obituary: Dr Robert Moog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. August 22, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Dr+Robert+Moog&rft.date=2005-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4696651.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStearns2005" class="citation web cs1">Stearns, David Patrick (August 25, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/aug/25/obituaries.guardianobituaries">"Obituary: Robert Moog"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Robert+Moog&rft.date=2005-08-25&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=David+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2005%2Faug%2F25%2Fobituaries.guardianobituaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2005/11/robert-moog-1934-2005">"Robert Moog biography (1934-2005)"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Robert+Moog+biography+%281934-2005%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2005%2F11%2Frobert-moog-1934-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:142-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:142_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNamee2010" class="citation web cs1">McNamee, David (August 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/02/moog-synthesisers">"Hey, what's that sound: Moog synthesisers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hey%2C+what%27s+that+sound%3A+Moog+synthesisers&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.aulast=McNamee&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2Faug%2F02%2Fmoog-synthesisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:23_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinchTrocco2004" class="citation book cs1">Pinch, Trevor; Trocco, Frank (2004). <i>Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01617-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01617-0"><bdi>978-0-674-01617-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+Days%3A+The+Invention+and+Impact+of+the+Moog+Synthesizer&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01617-0&rft.aulast=Pinch&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.au=Trocco%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:14_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNamee2010" class="citation web cs1">McNamee, David (August 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/02/moog-synthesisers">"Hey, what's that sound: Moog synthesisers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hey%2C+what%27s+that+sound%3A+Moog+synthesisers&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.aulast=McNamee&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2Faug%2F02%2Fmoog-synthesisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamer" class="citation news cs1">Hamer, Mick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18524921-400-interview-electronic-maestros/">"Interview: Electronic maestros"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Electronic+maestros&rft.aulast=Hamer&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg18524921-400-interview-electronic-maestros%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2016/07/new-minimoog/">"Clear Some Space on Your Synth Rack: The Minimoog Returns"</a>. <i>WIRED</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Clear+Some+Space+on+Your+Synth+Rack%3A+The+Minimoog+Returns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2016%2F07%2Fnew-minimoog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinchTrocco2009" class="citation book cs1">Pinch, Trevor; Trocco, Frank (June 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CoUs2SSvG4EC&q=minimoog&pg=PT230"><i>Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674042162" title="Special:BookSources/9780674042162"><bdi>9780674042162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+Days%3A+The+Invention+and+Impact+of+the+Moog+Synthesizer&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.isbn=9780674042162&rft.aulast=Pinch&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.au=Trocco%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCoUs2SSvG4EC%26q%3Dminimoog%26pg%3DPT230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/10/instrumental-instruments-minimoog">"Red Bull Music Academy Daily"</a>. <i>daily.redbullmusicacademy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daily.redbullmusicacademy.com&rft.atitle=Red+Bull+Music+Academy+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaily.redbullmusicacademy.com%2F2017%2F10%2Finstrumental-instruments-minimoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:232-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:232_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:232_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinchTrocco2004" class="citation book cs1">Pinch, Trevor; Trocco, Frank (2004). <i>Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01617-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01617-0"><bdi>978-0-674-01617-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+Days%3A+The+Invention+and+Impact+of+the+Moog+Synthesizer&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01617-0&rft.aulast=Pinch&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.au=Trocco%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOSOct2003-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOSOct2003_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeon2003" class="citation web cs1">Leon, Richard (October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundonsound.com/people/dr-robert-his-modular-moogs">"Dr Robert & His Modular Moogs"</a>. <i>Sound On Sound</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sound+On+Sound&rft.atitle=Dr+Robert+%26+His+Modular+Moogs&rft.date=2003-10&rft.aulast=Leon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fpeople%2Fdr-robert-his-modular-moogs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKozinn2005" class="citation news cs1">Kozinn, Allan (August 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/23/world/americas/obituary-robert-moog-71-creator-of-music-synthesizer.html">"Obituary: Robert Moog, 71, creator of music synthesizer"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Robert+Moog%2C+71%2C+creator+of+music+synthesizer&rft.date=2005-08-23&rft.aulast=Kozinn&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F08%2F23%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fobituary-robert-moog-71-creator-of-music-synthesizer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2005/scene/people-news/robert-moog-1117927996/">"Robert Moog"</a>. Obituaries. <i>Variety</i>. <b>400</b> (2): 85. August 29, 2005 – via EBSCOhost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Robert+Moog&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85&rft.date=2005-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2005%2Fscene%2Fpeople-news%2Frobert-moog-1117927996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E198&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. 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April 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genericides.org&rft.atitle=Has+Moog+become+a+generic+trademark%3F&rft.date=2020-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genericides.org%2Ftrademark%2Fmoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinch2002" class="citation book cs1">Pinch, Trevor (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/analogdaysinvent00pinc/page/12"><i>Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer</i></a></span> (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/analogdaysinvent00pinc/page/12">12–16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00889-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00889-8"><bdi>0-674-00889-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+Days%3A+The+Invention+and+Impact+of+the+Moog+Synthesizer&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=12-16&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-674-00889-8&rft.aulast=Pinch&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanalogdaysinvent00pinc%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polarmusicprize.org">"The Laureates of the Polar Music Prize 2017 are..."</a> <i>Polar Music Prize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polar+Music+Prize&rft.atitle=The+Laureates+of+the+Polar+Music+Prize+2017+are...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolarmusicprize.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/05/google-doodle-moog/">"Google Outdoes Itself With Moog Synthesizer Doodle (Play It Here)"</a>. <i>WIRED</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Google+Outdoes+Itself+With+Moog+Synthesizer+Doodle+%28Play+It+Here%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2012%2F05%2Fgoogle-doodle-moog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Moog Inducted into Inventors Hall of Fame". <i>School Band & Orchestra</i>. <b>16</b> (5): 10. May 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1098-3694">1098-3694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Band+%26+Orchestra&rft.atitle=Moog+Inducted+into+Inventors+Hall+of+Fame&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2013-05&rft.issn=1098-3694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2013" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Jake (August 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainx.com/article/51871/Family-feud-continues-over-Moog-archives">"Family feud continues over Moog archives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Xpress" title="Mountain Xpress">Mountain Xpress</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mountain+Xpress&rft.atitle=Family+feud+continues+over+Moog+archives&rft.date=2013-08-12&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainx.com%2Farticle%2F51871%2FFamily-feud-continues-over-Moog-archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeahl2019" class="citation web cs1">Deahl, Dani (May 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/26/18636130/robert-moog-museum-synth-moogseum-asheville-north-carolina">"There's now a museum dedicated to Robert Moog and synthesis called the Moogseum"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=There%27s+now+a+museum+dedicated+to+Robert+Moog+and+synthesis+called+the+Moogseum&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=Dani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2019%2F5%2F26%2F18636130%2Frobert-moog-museum-synth-moogseum-asheville-north-carolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlinsky2022" class="citation book cs1">Glinsky, Albert (2022). <i>Switched On: Bob Moog and the Synthesizer Revolution</i>. New York City, New York, US: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197642078" title="Special:BookSources/9780197642078"><bdi>9780197642078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Switched+On%3A+Bob+Moog+and+the+Synthesizer+Revolution&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197642078&rft.aulast=Glinsky&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Moog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="http://moogarchives.com/">Moog Archives</a> illustrated history of company and products</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sneezl.com/robert-moog-music-research-hub/">Moog resources bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/dr-robert-moog">Dr. Robert Moog interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Oral_History_Program" title="NAMM Oral History Program">NAMM Oral History Program</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthesizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moog_modular_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Moog modular synthesizer">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimoog_Voyager" title="Minimoog Voyager">Minimoog Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromoog" title="Micromoog">Micromoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Concertmate_MG-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Moog Concertmate MG-1">Concertmate MG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Grandmother" title="Moog Grandmother">Grandmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Little_Phatty" title="Moog Little Phatty">Little Phatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorymoog" title="Memorymoog">Memorymoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Mother-32" title="Moog Mother-32">Mother-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimoog" title="Multimoog">Multimoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymoog" title="Polymoog">Polymoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Opus_3" title="Moog Opus 3">Opus 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Prodigy" title="Moog Prodigy">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Rogue" title="Moog Rogue">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Satellite" title="Moog Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Source" title="Moog Source">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim_Phatty" title="Slim Phatty">Slim Phatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Sonic_Six" title="Moog Sonic Six">Sonic Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Sub_37" title="Moog Sub 37">Sub 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Taurus" title="Moog Taurus">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theremini" title="Theremini">Theremini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Werkstatt-%C3%981" title="Moog Werkstatt-Ø1">Moog Werkstatt-Ø1</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animoog" title="Animoog">Animoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Model_15" title="Moog Model 15">Model 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moogerfooger" title="Moogerfooger">Moogerfooger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moog_Guitar" title="Moog Guitar">Guitar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Moog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic_and_electroacoustic_music133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronic_music" title="Template:Electronic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronic_music" title="Template talk:Electronic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronic_and_electroacoustic_music133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">electroacoustic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tod_Machover#Hyperinstruments" title="Tod Machover">Hyperinstrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_(music)" title="Loop (music)">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsound" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsound">Microsound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octophonic_sound" title="Octophonic sound">Octophonic sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape"><img alt="Magnetic tape." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/80px-Magtape1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/120px-Magtape1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/160px-Magtape1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_electronic_music" title="Chilean electronic music">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_electronic_music" title="French electronic music">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_electronic_music" title="German electronic music">Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br /> organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Music_Center" title="Computer Music Center">Computer Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Foundation" title="Electronic Music Foundation">Electronic Music Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_Musicales" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe de Recherches Musicales">Groupe de Recherches Musicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Sonology" title="Institute of Sonology">Institute of Sonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Confederation_of_Electroacoustic_Music" title="International Confederation of Electroacoustic Music">ICEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Computer_Music_Association" title="International Computer Music Association">ICMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIME" class="mw-redirect" title="NIME">NIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Electro-Acoustic_Music_in_the_United_States" title="Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States">SEAMUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEIM" title="STEIM">STEIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Toonzaal" title="De Toonzaal">Toonzaal</a> Studio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WORM_(Rotterdam)" title="WORM (Rotterdam)">WORM</a> studio</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive<br /> organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Natuurkundig_Laboratorium" title="Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium">Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Tape_Music_Center" title="San Francisco Tape Music Center">San Francisco Tape Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_d%27Essai" title="Studio d'Essai">Studio d'Essai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_for_Electronic_Music_(WDR)" title="Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)">Studio for Electronic Music (WDR, Cologne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_di_fonologia_musicale_di_Radio_Milano" title="Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano">Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template talk:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> / the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Ericson" title="Eric Ericson">Eric Ericson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Moog</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Makeba" title="Miriam Makeba">Miriam Makeba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina" title="Sofia Gubaidulina">Sofia Gubaidulina</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Abreu" title="José Antonio Abreu">José Antonio Abreu</a> / <a href="/wiki/El_Sistema" title="El Sistema">El Sistema</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronos_Quartet" title="Kronos Quartet">Kronos Quartet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour" title="Youssou N'Dour">Youssou N'Dour</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellars" title="Peter Sellars">Peter Sellars</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Glennie" title="Evelyn Glennie">Evelyn Glennie</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Martin" title="Max Martin">Max Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_National_Institute_of_Music" title="Afghanistan National Institute of Music">Afghanistan National Institute of Music</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playing_for_Change" title="Playing for Change">Playing for Change</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_intercontemporain" title="Ensemble intercontemporain">Ensemble intercontemporain</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Kidjo" title="Angélique Kidjo">Angélique Kidjo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esa-Pekka_Salonen" title="Esa-Pekka Salonen">Esa-Pekka Salonen</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award">SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ussachevsky" title="Vladimir Ussachevsky">Vladimir Ussachevsky</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Davidovsky" title="Mario Davidovsky">Mario Davidovsky</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Luening" title="Otto Luening">Otto Luening</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Moog</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Chowning" title="John Chowning">John Chowning</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dodge_(composer)" title="Charles Dodge (composer)">Charles Dodge</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bebe_and_Louis_Barron" title="Bebe and Louis Barron">Bebe and Louis Barron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Subotnick" title="Morton Subotnick">Morton Subotnick</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lansky" title="Paul Lansky">Paul Lansky</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Br%C3%BCn" title="Herbert Brün">Herbert Brün</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Buchla" title="Don Buchla">Don Buchla</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Appleton" title="Jon Appleton">Jon Appleton</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Vercoe" title="Barry Vercoe">Barry Vercoe</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Carlos" title="Wendy Carlos">Wendy Carlos</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Lucier" title="Alvin Lucier">Alvin Lucier</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Chadabe" title="Joel Chadabe">Joel Chadabe</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Puckette" title="Miller Puckette">Miller Puckette</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Austin" title="Larry Austin">Larry Austin</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Roads" title="Curtis Roads">Curtis Roads</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Lewis" title="George E. Lewis">George E. Lewis</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Schrader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Schrader (page does not exist)">Barry Schrader</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(engineer)" title="Dave Smith (engineer)">Dave Smith</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Z" title="Pamela Z">Pamela Z</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carla_Scaletti" title="Carla Scaletti">Carla Scaletti</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Scott A. Wyatt (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Mumma" title="Gordon Mumma">Gordon Mumma</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annea_Lockwood" title="Annea Lockwood">Annea Lockwood</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1838" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13148267X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85237102">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144922725">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144922725">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20060324011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p227434870">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/8023050">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbfjj2j1sp0zkx">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007447252805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/31663409-4f26-4c65-bc2f-7bb738667dcc">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/119105101">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p28105">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&oldid=1279001615">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Moog&oldid=1279001615</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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