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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American composer and musical artist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Maryanne Amacher</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg/300px-Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg/450px-Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg/600px-Maryanne_Amacher_2006-10-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="439" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Amacher in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1938-02-25</span>)</span>February 25, 1938<br /><a href="/wiki/Kane,_Pennsylvania" title="Kane, Pennsylvania">Kane, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 22, 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-10-22)</span> (aged 71)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhinebeck_(village),_New_York" title="Rhinebeck (village), New York">Rhinebeck, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">experimental music</a> <a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">noise music</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Installation_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Installation artist">installation artist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryanneamacher.org">www<wbr />.maryanneamacher<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Maryanne Amacher</b> (February 25, 1938<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – October 22, 2009) was an American composer and installation artist. She is known for working extensively with a family of <a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">psychoacoustic</a> phenomena called auditory distortion products (also known as distortion product <a href="/wiki/Otoacoustic_emission" title="Otoacoustic emission">otoacoustic emissions</a> and combination tones), in which the ears themselves produce audible sound. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryanne_Amacher&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amacher was born in <a href="/wiki/Kane,_Pennsylvania" title="Kane, Pennsylvania">Kane, Pennsylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to an American nurse and a Swiss freight train worker. An only child, she grew up playing the piano. Amacher left Kane to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> on a full scholarship where she received a B.F.A in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there she studied composition with <a href="/wiki/George_Rochberg" title="George Rochberg">George Rochberg</a><sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>. </p><p>She also studied composition in Salzburg, Austria, and Dartington, England. Subsequently, she did graduate work in acoustics and computer science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</a>. </p><p>While in residence at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Buffalo">University of Buffalo</a>, in 1967, she created <i>City Links: Buffalo</i>, a 28-hour piece using 5 microphones in different parts of the city, broadcast live by radio station <a href="/wiki/WBFO" title="WBFO">WBFO</a>. There were 21 other pieces in the "City Links" series, and more information can be found in the brochure for an exhibition on the series by Ludlow 38 in NYC (available on their website). A common feature was the use of dedicated, FM radio quality telephone (0–15,000 Hz range) lines to connect the sound environments of different sites into the same space, a very early example of what is now called "<a href="/wiki/Telematic_performance" title="Telematic performance">telematic performance</a>" which preceded much more famous examples by <a href="/wiki/Max_Neuhaus" title="Max Neuhaus">Max Neuhaus</a>, amongst others. (Neuhaus himself was involved with the original 1967 work in Buffalo.) </p><p>Her major pieces have almost exclusively been site-specific,<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often using many loudspeakers to create what she called "structure borne sound", differentiating it from "airborne sound". By using many diffuse sound sources (either not in the space or speakers facing at the walls or floors) she would create the <a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoacoustic">psychoacoustic</a> <a href="/wiki/Aural_illusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aural illusion">illusions</a> of sound shapes or "presence". Amacher's early work is best represented in three series of multimedia installations produced in the United States, Europe, and Japan: the sonic telepresence series, "City Links 1–22" (1967– ); the architecturally staged "Music for Sound-Joined Rooms" (1980– ); and the "Mini-Sound Series" (1985– ) a new multimedia form she created that is unique in its use of architecture and serialized narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was invited while doing a fellowship at the Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a> to work on several projects. The collaboration resulted with a storm soundtrack for Cage's multimedia "Lecture on the Weather" (1975) and a work on sound environment "Close Up" for a 10-hour solo voice work for Cage "Empty Words" (1978). She also produced, alongside other works, "Torse" for <a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a> from 1974 to 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amacher worked extensively with a set of psychoacoustic phenomena known as 'auditory distortion products';<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> put simply: sounds generated inside the ear that are clearly audible to the hearer. These tones have a long history in music theory and scientific research, and are still the object of disagreement and debate. In music, they are most commonly known by the name of 'combination tones', 'difference tones', and sometimes 'Tartini tones' (after the violinist <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tartini" title="Giuseppe Tartini">Giuseppe Tartini</a>, who is credited with discovering them). Amacher herself termed them 'ear tones' until 1992, when she discovered the work of David T. Kemp and Thomas Gold and began referring to them by the psychoacoustical terminology of 'otoacoustic emissions'.<sup id="cite_ref-Amacher_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amacher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since become clear that some of the sounds Amacher, and indeed all musicians who have exploited this phenomenon, were generating can be attributed to a particular family of otoacoustic emissions known as 'distortion product otoacoustic emissions' (DPOAE).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occurring in response to two pure tones presented simultaneously to the ear, these tones appear to localise in or around the head, as though there were a 'tiny loudspeaker inside the ear'.<sup id="cite_ref-Amacher_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amacher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amacher was the first to systematically explore the musical use of these phenomena using electroacoustic sound technologies. The subtitle of her first <a href="/wiki/Tzadik_Records" title="Tzadik Records">Tzadik Records</a> album <i>Sound Characters (Making the Third Ear)</i> is a reference to them. She describes the subjective experience of these phenomena in the following passage: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When played at the right sound level, which is quite high and exciting, the tones in this music will cause your ears to act as neurophonic instruments that emit sounds that will seem to be issuing directly from your head ... (my audiences) discover they are producing a <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonal</a> dimension of the music which interacts melodically, rhythmically, and spatially with the <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">tones</a> in the room. Tones 'dance' in the immediate space of their body, around them like a sonic wrap, cascade inside ears, and out to space in front of their eyes ... Do not be alarmed! Your ears are not behaving strange or being damaged! ... these virtual tones are a natural and very real physical aspect of <a href="/wiki/Auditory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditory perception">auditory perception</a>, similar to the fusing of two images resulting in a third three dimensional image in binocular perception ... I want to release this music which is produced by the listener ...<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Over the years she received several major commissions in the United States and Europe with occasional work in Asia and Central and South America. Amacher received a 1998 <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Contemporary_Arts" title="Foundation for Contemporary Arts">Foundation for Contemporary Arts</a> Grants to Artists Award. In 2005, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Prix_Ars_Electronica" title="Prix Ars Electronica">Prix Ars Electronica</a> (the Golden Nica) in the "Digital Musics" category for her project <i>"TEO! A sonic sculpture"</i>. In 2009 she was invited for Brückenmusik, Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of her death she had been working three years on a 40-channel piece commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Media_and_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center">Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center</a> in Troy, New York.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Maryanne Amacher has been an important influence for composers such as <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Chatham" title="Rhys Chatham">Rhys Chatham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurston_Moore" title="Thurston Moore">Thurston Moore</a>. For the last decade of her life she taught at the <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> MFA program.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, The Music and Recorded Sound Division of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Public Library">The New York Public Library</a> acquired Amacher's archives.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography_and_exhibits">Discography and exhibits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryanne_Amacher&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discography and exhibits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Multimedia Installations</b> (all works in progress)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="In what sense are they in progress if she's dead? (November 2016)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1967–: <i>City Links nos 1-22</i></li> <li>1980–: <i>Music for Sound-Joined Rooms</i></li> <li>1985–: <i>Mini-Sound Series</i></li></ul> <p><b>Dance Scores</b> (all choreography <a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1974: <i>Everything in Air, tape</i></li> <li>1975: <i>Events 101</i>,<i>102</i>, tape</li> <li>1975: <i>Labyrinth Gives Way to Skin, tape</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Remainder</i>, tape</li></ul> <p><b>Works for Tape</b> (unless otherwise noted)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1975: <i>Presence</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Music for Sweet Bird of Youth</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Lecture on the Weather</i> (collaboration with <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>)</li> <li>1979: <i>Empty Words / Close Up</i> (collaboration with John Cage)</li> <li>1991: <i>Petra</i>, two pianos</li></ul> <p><b>Events</b>: </p> <ul><li>2016: Labyrinth Gives Way to Skin: Maryanne Amacher Listening Session<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Naut_Humon" title="Naut Humon">Naut Humon</a> & <a href="/wiki/Edwin_van_der_Heide" title="Edwin van der Heide">Edwin van der Heide</a>: Plaything - Maryanne Amacher (Performance and Lecture at <a href="/wiki/Cynetart" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynetart">CynetArt</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryanne_Amacher&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmacher2020" class="citation book cs1">Amacher, Maryanne (2020). Cimini, Amy; Dietz, Bill (eds.). <i>Maryanne Amacher: Selected Writings and Interviews</i>. Blank Forms Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7337235-7-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7337235-7-2"><bdi>978-1-7337235-7-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maryanne+Amacher%3A+Selected+Writings+and+Interviews&rft.pub=Blank+Forms+Editions&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-7337235-7-2&rft.aulast=Amacher&rft.aufirst=Maryanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andrew Kesin, "Day Trip Maryanne" (a documentary film of performance collaborations between Amacher and <a href="/wiki/Thurston_Moore" title="Thurston Moore">Thurston Moore</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825215513/http://www.colba.net/~eliot/amacher.htm">Handelman, Eliot. "Interview with Maryanne Amacher. Ears as Instruments: Minds Making Shapes."</a> "From approx. 1991" (archive from 2012 August 25, accessed 2015 June 12).</li> <li>Golden, Barbara. "Conversation with Maryanne Amacher." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cec.concordia.ca/econtact/12_2/interviews_golden.html"><i>eContact! 12.2 — Interviews (2)</i></a> (April 2010). Montréal: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Electroacoustic_Community" title="Canadian Electroacoustic Community">CEC</a>.</li> <li>Paul Kaiser <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/533809">"The Encircling Self In Memory of Maryanne Amacher"</a></li> <li>Frank J. Oteri, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121004235/http://www.newmusicbox.org/assets/61/interview_amacher.pdf">"Maryanne Amacher in Conversation with Frank J. Oteri"</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryanne_Amacher&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozinn2009" class="citation news cs1">Kozinn, Allan (2009-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/28/arts/music/28amacher.html">"Maryanne Amacher, Avant-Garde Composer, Dies at 71"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maryanne+Amacher%2C+Avant-Garde+Composer%2C+Dies+at+71&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kozinn&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F28%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F28amacher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note, while most sources state Amacher's birth year as 1938, she had in later years used the birth year 1943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchert2013" class="citation book cs1">Borchert, Gavin (2013). "Amacher, Maryanne". In Garrett, Charles Hiroshi (ed.). <i>The Grove Dictionary of American Music</i>. Vol. One (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 94–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amacher%2C+Maryanne&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Dictionary+of+American+Music&rft.pages=94-95&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Borchert&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/28/arts/music/28amacher.html">"Maryanne Amacher, 71, Visceral Composer, Dies"</a>. <i>Maryanne Amacher, 71, Visceral Composer, Dies</i>. 28 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryanne+Amacher%2C+71%2C+Visceral+Composer%2C+Dies&rft.atitle=Maryanne+Amacher%2C+71%2C+Visceral+Composer%2C+Dies&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F28%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F28amacher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Kendall, Christopher Haworth, and Rodrigo Cádiz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COMJ_a_00265">Sound Synthesis with Auditory Distortion Products</a>", <i>Computer Music Journal</i> 38 no. 4 (2014 Winter): 5–23 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FCOMJ_a_00265">10.1162/COMJ_a_00265</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amacher-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amacher_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amacher_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryanne_Amacher2004" class="citation journal cs2">Maryanne Amacher (2004), "Psychoacoustic Phenomena in Musical Composition: Some Features of a Perceptual Geography", <i>Fo(A)Rm</i>, <b>3</b>: 16–25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fo%28A%29Rm&rft.atitle=Psychoacoustic+Phenomena+in+Musical+Composition%3A+Some+Features+of+a+Perceptual+Geography&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=16-25&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Maryanne+Amacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Haworth, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/composing-with-absent-sound.pdf?c=icmc;idno=bbp2372.2011.070">Composing with Absent Sound</a>", in <i>Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2011, University of Huddersfield, UK, 31 July – 5 August 2011</i>, edited by Monty Adkins and Ben Isaacs, 342–45 (San Francisco: International Computer Music Association; Huddersfield: Centre for Research in New Music, University of Huddersfield, 2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780984527403" title="Special:BookSources/9780984527403">9780984527403</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.displacedsounds.com/?p=241%7Ctitle%3DWhen">Played at the Right Sound Level</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Displaced Sounds (2009 June 24, archive from 2011 September 21, accessed 2015 June 11) Pieter-Paul]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brueckenmusik.de/?p=88">"2009 – Brückenmusik"</a> (in German). 10 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+%E2%80%93+Br%C3%BCckenmusik&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brueckenmusik.de%2F%3Fp%3D88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaim2021" class="citation web cs1">Haim, Jonathan (22 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/blog/2021/02/22/remote-links-celebration-maryanne-amacher">"Remote Links: A Celebration of the Life and Work of Maryanne Amacher"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remote+Links%3A+A+Celebration+of+the+Life+and+Work+of+Maryanne+Amacher&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft.aulast=Haim&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2021%2F02%2F22%2Fremote-links-celebration-maryanne-amacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewire.co.uk/news/40703/blank-forms-present-programme-dedicated-to-maryanne-amacher">"Blank Forms present programme dedicated to Maryanne Amacher"</a>. <i>The Wire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Blank+Forms+present+programme+dedicated+to+Maryanne+Amacher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewire.co.uk%2Fnews%2F40703%2Fblank-forms-present-programme-dedicated-to-maryanne-amacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cynetart.org/2016/performance-Naut_Humon_&_Edwin_van_der_Heide-Plaything_Maryanne_Amacher.php?l=en">"Naut Humon & Edwin Van Der Heide > Plaything - Maryanne Amacher > Performance and Lecture"</a>. <i>CYNETART 2016</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CYNETART+2016&rft.atitle=Naut+Humon+%26+Edwin+Van+Der+Heide+%3E+Plaything+-+Maryanne+Amacher+%3E+Performance+and+Lecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cynetart.org%2F2016%2Fperformance-Naut_Humon_%26_Edwin_van_der_Heide-Plaything_Maryanne_Amacher.php%3Fl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryanne+Amacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryanne_Amacher&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449515#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000374579302">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/302638480">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58933661">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/282635/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjBt9mjJqvtHhF8tvhgWcK">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136766838">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr91006947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14608583k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14608583k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amacher, Maryanne"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UM1V027285">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7041348">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000268319&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810581818705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012502172805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500125392">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e81da9a6-32cb-4e84-bdb4-2f9601295095">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/482533">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brahms.ircam.fr/maryanne-amacher">BRAHMS</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/244050988">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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