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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Lithofacies and microfacies and depositional environment model of the Cenozoic carbonate platform: an example from the Upper Jafnayn Formation of Jafnayn area in north-east Oman | Arabian Journal of Geosciences</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Lithofacies and microfacies and depositional environment model of the Cenozoic carbonate platform: an example from the Upper Jafnayn Formation of Jafnayn area in north-east Oman"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Arabian Journal of Geosciences - This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation in the..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="12517"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Lithofacies and microfacies and depositional environment model of the Cenozoic carbonate platform: an example from the Upper Jafnayn Formation of Jafnayn area in north-east Oman"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2024 17:12"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-19"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 Saudi Society for Geosciences and Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 Saudi Society for Geosciences and Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation in the Jafnayn area, Northern Oman. The study meticulously documents the color, lithology, grain composition, bed thickness, types, and nature of bed contacts and fossil content of the formation. Over 85 fresh rock samples from various lithofacies were collected for this analysis. The samples were treated with blue epoxy, thin-sectioned, and half-stained with potassium ferricyanide and alizarin red to aid in mineralogical identification. To accurately determine microfacies, quantify components, reconstruct origins, and build a depositional model for the Upper Jafnayn Formation, 300 points were counted per thin section using a point-counting method. This analysis identified five distinct facies and 16 microfacies, with ten containing quartz grains and six lacking quartz sand. The microfacies provide insights into the depositional environments of the Upper Jafnayn Formation: four represent backshoal conditions, seven indicate shoal environments, three correspond to foreshoal settings, and two exhibit characteristics overlapping between backshoal and foreshoal environments. The presence of Alveolinid foraminifera, red algae, and occasional coarse coral debris within the cleaner limestone sections further characterizes the formation. The diverse lithofacies and microfacies of the Upper Jafnayn Formation reveal a dynamic interplay between high-energy and low-energy depositional environments, influenced by sea level fluctuations. This comprehensive understanding of the formation’s depositional history is crucial for research teams aiming to identify potential hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs in the region."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1866-7538"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Arabian Journal of Geosciences"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-19"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="17"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="12"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="22"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 Saudi Society for Geosciences and Springer Nature Switzerland AG"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Arabian Journal of Geosciences"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Arab J Geosci"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer International Publishing"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1866-7538"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Lithofacies and microfacies and depositional environment model of the Cenozoic carbonate platform: an example from the Upper Jafnayn Formation of Jafnayn area in north-east Oman"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="17"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="12"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/19"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="22"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Original Paper"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="size" content="243107"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation i"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Al-Fahdi, Abdullah"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="El-Ghali, Mohamed A. 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K."/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="melghali@squ.edu.om"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="A-Sayigh, AbdulRazak"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Al-Harthi, AbdulRahman"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Petroleum Development Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Moustafa, Mohamed S. H."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2024/12/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Lithofacies and microfacies and depositional environment model of the Cenozoic carbonate platform: an example from the Upper Jafnayn Formation of Jafnayn area in north-east Oman - Arabian Journal of Geosciences"/> <meta property="og:description" content="This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation in the Jafnayn area, Northern Oman. The study meticulously documents the color, lithology, grain composition, bed thickness, types, and nature of bed contacts and fossil content of the formation. Over 85 fresh rock samples from various lithofacies were collected for this analysis. The samples were treated with blue epoxy, thin-sectioned, and half-stained with potassium ferricyanide and alizarin red to aid in mineralogical identification. To accurately determine microfacies, quantify components, reconstruct origins, and build a depositional model for the Upper Jafnayn Formation, 300 points were counted per thin section using a point-counting method. This analysis identified five distinct facies and 16 microfacies, with ten containing quartz grains and six lacking quartz sand. The microfacies provide insights into the depositional environments of the Upper Jafnayn Formation: four represent backshoal conditions, seven indicate shoal environments, three correspond to foreshoal settings, and two exhibit characteristics overlapping between backshoal and foreshoal environments. The presence of Alveolinid foraminifera, red algae, and occasional coarse coral debris within the cleaner limestone sections further characterizes the formation. The diverse lithofacies and microfacies of the Upper Jafnayn Formation reveal a dynamic interplay between high-energy and low-energy depositional environments, influenced by sea level fluctuations. This comprehensive understanding of the formation’s depositional history is crucial for research teams aiming to identify potential hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs in the region."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta 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The study meticulously documents the color, lithology, grain composition, bed thickness, types, and nature of bed contacts and fossil content of the formation. Over 85 fresh rock samples from various lithofacies were collected for this analysis. The samples were treated with blue epoxy, thin-sectioned, and half-stained with potassium ferricyanide and alizarin red to aid in mineralogical identification. To accurately determine microfacies, quantify components, reconstruct origins, and build a depositional model for the Upper Jafnayn Formation, 300 points were counted per thin section using a point-counting method. This analysis identified five distinct facies and 16 microfacies, with ten containing quartz grains and six lacking quartz sand. The microfacies provide insights into the depositional environments of the Upper Jafnayn Formation: four represent backshoal conditions, seven indicate shoal environments, three correspond to foreshoal settings, and two exhibit characteristics overlapping between backshoal and foreshoal environments. The presence of Alveolinid foraminifera, red algae, and occasional coarse coral debris within the cleaner limestone sections further characterizes the formation. The diverse lithofacies and microfacies of the Upper Jafnayn Formation reveal a dynamic interplay between high-energy and low-energy depositional environments, influenced by sea level fluctuations. 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K. El-Ghali","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3471","affiliation":[{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University","address":{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"melghali@squ.edu.om","@type":"Person"},{"name":"AbdulRazak A-Sayigh","affiliation":[{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University","address":{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"AbdulRahman Al-Harthi","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum Development Oman","address":{"name":"Petroleum Development Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Mohamed S. H. 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data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Abdullah-Al_Fahdi-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Abdullah-Al_Fahdi-Aff1" data-author-search="Al-Fahdi, Abdullah">Abdullah Al-Fahdi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Mohamed_A__K_-El_Ghali-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Mohamed_A__K_-El_Ghali-Aff1" data-author-search="El-Ghali, Mohamed A. K." data-corresp-id="c1">Mohamed A. K. El-Ghali<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3471"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3471</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-AbdulRazak-A_Sayigh-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-AbdulRazak-A_Sayigh-Aff1" data-author-search="A-Sayigh, AbdulRazak">AbdulRazak A-Sayigh</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-AbdulRahman-Al_Harthi-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-AbdulRahman-Al_Harthi-Aff2" data-author-search="Al-Harthi, AbdulRahman">AbdulRahman Al-Harthi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 5 authors for this article" title="Show all 5 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Mohamed_S__H_-Moustafa-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Mohamed_S__H_-Moustafa-Aff1" data-author-search="Moustafa, Mohamed S. H.">Mohamed S. H. Moustafa</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>35 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation in the Jafnayn area, Northern Oman. The study meticulously documents the color, lithology, grain composition, bed thickness, types, and nature of bed contacts and fossil content of the formation. Over 85 fresh rock samples from various lithofacies were collected for this analysis. The samples were treated with blue epoxy, thin-sectioned, and half-stained with potassium ferricyanide and alizarin red to aid in mineralogical identification. To accurately determine microfacies, quantify components, reconstruct origins, and build a depositional model for the Upper Jafnayn Formation, 300 points were counted per thin section using a point-counting method. This analysis identified five distinct facies and 16 microfacies, with ten containing quartz grains and six lacking quartz sand. The microfacies provide insights into the depositional environments of the Upper Jafnayn Formation: four represent backshoal conditions, seven indicate shoal environments, three correspond to foreshoal settings, and two exhibit characteristics overlapping between backshoal and foreshoal environments. The presence of Alveolinid foraminifera, red algae, and occasional coarse coral debris within the cleaner limestone sections further characterizes the formation. The diverse lithofacies and microfacies of the Upper Jafnayn Formation reveal a dynamic interplay between high-energy and low-energy depositional environments, influenced by sea level fluctuations. This comprehensive understanding of the formation’s depositional history is crucial for research teams aiming to identify potential hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs in the region.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D934a1637-610c-47ee-9a8e-db02976497a0" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon 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height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-8"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig8" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 8</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig8_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig8_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="241" height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-9"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig9" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 9</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig9_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig9_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="60"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-10"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig10" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 10</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig10_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig10_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="172"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-11"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig11" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 11</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig11_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig11_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="168"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-12"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig12" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 12</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig12_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig12_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="166"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-13"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig13" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 13</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig13_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-024-12094-0/MediaObjects/12517_2024_12094_Fig13_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="118"></picture></div></div></figure></div> </div> <div data-test="cobranding-download"> </div> <section aria-labelledby="inline-recommendations" data-title="Inline Recommendations" 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Many thanks to the technicians and employees of the SQU Earth Science department, especially Mr. Hilal Al-Zidi, Mr. Hamdan Al-Zidi, Mr. Bader Al-Shaqsi, Mr. Bader Al Waili, Mr. Said Al-Abri, Mr. Mohamed Al-Nadabi, Mr. Anas Al-Rashdi, and Mr. Saif Al-Mamari, for their assistance with the preparation of thin sections, IT, field equipment.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Abdullah Al-Fahdi, Mohamed A. 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class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-03-21">21 March 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-09-21">21 September 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2024-11-19">19 November 2024</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12094-0</span></p></li></ul><div 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