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غلق الأبواب دون اللاجئين السوريين ليس الحل | Human Rights Watch
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view-profile-for-commentary view-id-profile_for_commentary view-display-id-default view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://www.hrw.org/ar/node/75435"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/profile_image_on_commentary/media/images/photographs/Bill_Frelick_print.jpg" class="imagecache imagecache-profile_image_on_commentary imagecache-default imagecache-profile_image_on_commentary_default"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-last-name-value"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://www.hrw.org/ar/node/75435" class="views-field-field-news-author-value">Bill Frelick</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-twitter-uname-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Far%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F23-0&count=horizontal&via=&text=%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Far%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F23-0" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Far%2Fnews%2F2013%2F04%2F23-0&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=like&colorscheme=light&width=90&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Facebook Like</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-printmail last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://www.hrw.org/ar/printmail/news/2013/04/23-0" title="Send to a friend" class="service-links-printmail" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20130512222302im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/images/icons/mail.png" width="21" height="22"/> Email</a></li> </ul></div> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20130512222302/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/04/23-0" title="غلق الأبواب دون اللاجئين السوريين ليس الحل">غلق الأبواب دون اللاجئين السوريين ليس الحل</a> </h6> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">أبريل 23, 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-related"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Author(s): </div> بيل فريليك </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-link-to-original-source"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> منشور في: </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512222302/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/opinion/global/blocking-syrian-refugees-isnt-the-way.html?_r=1&" target="_blank">الهيرالد تربيون</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p class="rteright"> يتحمل جيران سوريا عبئا ثقيلا من لاجئيها، لا ينبغي أن يتحملوه وحدهم. لكن إبقاء الناس الذين يحاولون الفرار بحياتهم في مناطق عازلة داخل الحدود السورية يهدد بخطر محاصرتهم بدلاً من حمايتهم.</p> <p dir="rtl">ومع ذلك فإن هذا هو بالضبط ما اقترحه الرئيس اللبناني ميشيل سليمان في 4 أبريل/نيسان، إذ لحق بآخرين من أمثال وزير الخارجية التركي أحمد داود أوغلو، الذي تقدم بدعوة مشابهة في نوفمبر/تشرين الثاني 2011، ورئيس الوزراء الأردني عبد الله النسور، الذي تحدث في يناير/كانون الثاني عن تأمين "مناطق آمنة" داخل الأراضي السورية، وقال عن التدفقات المحتملة من اللاجئين الجدد، "سنوقفهم ونبقيهم في بلدهم".</p> <p dir="rtl">ويبدو أن ثمة خطوات يجري اتخاذها لإنشاء مثل تلك المناطق الحدودية. فالولايات المتحدة تعمل مع السلطات الأردنية على تدريب قوات المعارضة السورية، في ما يمكن أن يكون محاولة لإنشاء منطقة عازلة على الحدود الجنوبية لسوريا، مخصصة للمنشقين من الجيش والمدنيين المهجرين.</p> <p dir="rtl">ويوحي مصطلح "عازلة" بأن الغرض من تلك المناطق هو عزل الدول المجاورة عن آثار النزاع السوري، وتدل تصريحات كبار المسؤولين في الدول المجاورة على أن منع تدفق اللاجئين هو دافعهم الأول.</p> <p dir="rtl">لقد تمتع جيران سوريا بكرم ضيافة ملحوظ تجاه اللاجئين السوريين، فاستقبلوا 1,2 مليوناً منهم حتى الآن. غير أن علامات التحذير من أن كرمهم قد بلغ حده واضحة لكل ذي عينين.</p> <p dir="rtl">والـ50 ألفأً من السوريين النازحين، المكدسين على الجانب السوري من الحدود التركية قرب بلدة أطمة، يثيرون التساؤل حول المدى الحقيقي لانفتاح الحدود.</p> <p dir="rtl">لكن لا مجال للتساؤل فيما يتعلق بالحدود العراقية، فالمعبر الحدودي الرئيسي مع سوريا، وهو معبر القائم، مغلق منذ أكتوبر/تشرين الأول. وحدود إسرائيل مغلقة في وجه السوريين، ولا يتطرق إليها الحوار أصلاً. في هذه الأثناء يمنع الأردن دخول أربعة مجموعات من المستضعفين: جميع الفلسطينيين المقيمين في سوريا، وجميع الرجال غير المتزوجين في سن التجنيد، واللاجئين العراقيين المقيمين في سوريا، وأي شخص لا يحمل أوراقاً ثبوتية، رغم القصف واسع النطاق في سوريا، الذي لا يكتفي بتدمير المنازل والممتلكات، بل يمتد إلى الوثائق أيضاً.</p> <p dir="rtl">إن الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان يكفل لكل إنسان "الحق في أن يلجأ إلى بلاد أخرى أو يحاول الاتجاء إليها هرباً من الاضطهاد" كحق أساسي. الحق الأساسي هو عبور الحدود سعياً إلى الحماية.</p> <p dir="rtl">ربما يفضل بعض السوريين النازحين البقاء داخل بلدهم، خاصة مع نجاح قوى المعارضة في جلب الاستقرار للمناطق الخاضعة لسيطرتها. وقد بدأت منظمات الإغاثة الدولية بالفعل في تقديم بعض المساعدة غبر الحدود للمناطق التي استولى عليها المتمردون، وعليها من حيث المبدأ أن تزيد مساعداتها لتلبية تلك الاحتياجات.</p> <p dir="rtl">ولكن مع تقديم الفاعلين الدوليين للمعونة عبر الحدود، أو حتى تفكيرهم في الالتزام داخل سوريا على نحو أوثق، باسم مساعدة المدنيين أو حمايتهم، فإن هذا لا ينبغي أن يتخذ ذريعة لاحتواء تدفق الأشخاص الشاعرين بالتهديد. إن إبقاء النازحين محاصرين داخل سوريا ليس حلاً يضمن لهم السلامة. وعلى الحكومات خارج المنطقة أن تصعّد جهودها لدعم دول المواجهة والحد من الأثر المضاد للاستقرار الناجم عن تدفقات اللاجئين الهائلة.</p> <p dir="rtl"><del cite="mailto:User" datetime="2013-04-25T20:00">و</del>هناك عدة طرق للقيام بهذا. أولاها هي تلبية الاحتياجات الإنسانية للنازحين؛ فالنداء الإنساني الذي أطلقته الأمم المتحدة من أجل الأزمة الإنسانية السورية ممول بنسبة 50 بالمئة فقط. والثانية هي توفير الدعم الثنائي لتدعيم قدرات دول المواجهة على إعالة تجمعاتها السكانية المتضررة، ومنع ردود الأفعال العنيفة تجاه اللاجئين. والثالثة هي دعم الإخلاء الإنساني، وفق مقتضى الحال، بطلب من دول المواجهة وبالتنسيق مع وكالة الأمم المتحدة للاجئين.</p> <p dir="rtl">ومع ذلك فإن استراتيجية الاحتواء على المدى القصير، وعلى الرغم من بساطتها، فهي لا تمثل في نهاية المطاف حلا، حيث لا توفر الحماية للاجئين، ولا الاستقرار للدول المجاورة، ولا حلا للأزمة نفسها. وينبغي للاستجابة الدولية الفعالة أن تواجه أسباب النزوح وتحلها، بالإضافة إلى الاحتياجات العاجلة للنازحين.</p> <p dir="rtl"><em>بيل فريليك هو مدير قسم سياسات اللاجئين في هيومن رايتس ووتش.</em></p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first last"><a href="/web/20130512222302/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/23/blocking-syrian-refugees-isn-t-way" title="Blocking Syrian Refugees Isn’t the Way" class="translation-link">English</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul 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