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of banner</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: aerodynamics of banner"> <meta name="keywords" content="aerodynamics of banner"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="aerodynamics of banner"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 151</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: aerodynamics of banner</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Aerodynamic Analysis and Design of Banners for Remote-Controlled Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Honarmandi">Peyman Honarmandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazen%20Alhirsh"> Mazen Alhirsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banner towing is a major form of advertisement. It consists of a banner showing a logo or a selection of words or letters being towed by an aircraft. Traditionally bush planes have been used to tow banners given their high thrust capabilities; however, with the development of remote-controlled (RC) aircraft, they could be a good replacement as RC planes mitigate the risk of human life and can be easier to operate. This paper studies the best banner design to be towed by an RC aircraft. This is done by conducting wind tunnel testing on an array of banners with different materials and designs. A pull gauge is used to record the drag force during testing, which is then used to calculate the coefficient of drag, Cd. The testing results show that the best banner design would be a hybrid design with a solid and mesh material. The design with the lowest Cd of 0.082 was a half ripstop nylon half polyester mesh design. On the other hand, the design with the highest Cd of 0.305 involved incorporating a tail chute to decrease fluttering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics%20of%20banner" title="aerodynamics of banner">aerodynamics of banner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banner%20design" title=" banner design"> banner design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banner%20towing" title=" banner towing"> banner towing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20coefficients%20of%20banner" title=" drag coefficients of banner"> drag coefficients of banner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20aircraft%20banner" title=" RC aircraft banner"> RC aircraft banner</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141485/aerodynamic-analysis-and-design-of-banners-for-remote-controlled-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Just Not Seeing It: Exploring the Relationship between Inattention Blindness and Banner Blindness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carie%20Cunningham">Carie Cunningham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krsiten%20Lynch"> Krsiten Lynch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite a viewer’s thought that they may be paying attention, many times they are missing out on their surrounds-- a phenomenon referred to as inattentional blindness. Inattention blindness refers to the failure of an individual to orient their attention to a particular item in their visual field. This well-defined in the psychology literature. Similarly, this phenomenon has been evaluated in media types in advertising. In advertising, not comprehending/remembering items in one’s field of vision is known as banner blindness. On the other hand, banner blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals habitually see a banner in a specific area on a webpage, and thus condition themselves to ignore those habitual areas. Another reason that individuals avoid these habitual areas (usually on the top or sides of a webpage) is due to the lack of personal relevance or pertinent information to the viewer. Banner blindness, while a web-based concept, may also relate this inattention blindness. This paper is proposing an analysis of the true similarities and differences between these concepts bridging the two dimensions of thinking together. Forty participants participated in an eye-tracking and post-survey experiment to test attention and memory measures in both a banner blindness and inattention blindness condition. The two conditions were conducted between subjects semi-randomized order. Half of participants were told to search through the content ignoring the advertising banners; the other half of participants were first told to search through the content ignoring the distractor icon. These groups were switched after 5 trials and then 5 more trials were completed. In review of the literature, sustainability communication was found to have many inconsistencies with message production and viewer awareness. For the purpose of this study, we used advertising materials as stimuli. Results suggest that there are gaps between the two concepts and that more research should be done testing these effects in a real world setting versus an online environment. This contributes to theory by exploring the overlapping concepts—inattention blindness and banner blindness and providing the advertising industry with support that viewers can still fall victim to ignoring items in their field of view even if not consciously, which will impact message development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title="attention">attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banner%20blindness" title=" banner blindness"> banner blindness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20movement" title=" eye movement"> eye movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inattention%20blindness" title=" inattention blindness"> inattention blindness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48280/just-not-seeing-it-exploring-the-relationship-between-inattention-blindness-and-banner-blindness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> The Operation Strategy and Public Relations Trend for Public Relations Strategies Development in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanyapat%20U.%20Tapao">Kanyapat U. Tapao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation strategy strategies and public relations trend for public relations strategies development in public television station in Thailand. This study is a qualitative approach by indent interview from the 6 key informants that are managers of Voice TV and Thairath TV Channel. The results showed that both TV stations have to do research before making a release on the operation strategy policy such as a slogan, segmentation, integrated marketing communication and PR activity and also in term of Public Relations trend are including online media, online content and online training before opening the station and start promoting. By the way, we found the PR strategy for both TV station should be including application on mobile, online content, CRM activity, online banner, special event, and brand ambassador in order to bring a very reliable way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20banner" title="online banner">online banner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20strategy" title=" operation strategy"> operation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20relations%20trend" title=" public relations trend"> public relations trend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20relations%20strategies%20development" title=" public relations strategies development"> public relations strategies development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39931/the-operation-strategy-and-public-relations-trend-for-public-relations-strategies-development-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Aerodynamic Study of Formula 1 Car in Upsight Down Configuration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hrishit%20Mitra">Hrishit Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saptarshi%20Mandal"> Saptarshi Mandal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of aerodynamics for Formula 1 cars is very crucial in determining their performance. In the current F1 industry, when each engine manufacturer exhibits a torque and peak speed that differ by less than 5%, the emphasis on maximizing performance is dependent heavily on the utilization of aerodynamics. This work examines the aerodynamic characteristics of an F1 car by utilizing computational fluid dynamics in order to substantiate the hypothesis that an F1 car can go upside down in a tunnel without any external assistance, only due to the downforce it produces. In addition to this, this study also suggests the implementation of a 'flexi-wing' front in F1 cars to optimize downforce and reduce drag. Furthermore, this paper provides a concise overview of the historical development of aerodynamics in F1, with a specific emphasis on the progression of aerodynamics and the impact of downforce on the dynamics of vehicles. Next, an examination of wings has been provided, comparing the performance of the suggested wing at high speeds and low speeds. Three simulations have been conducted: one to test the complete aerodynamics and validate the hypothesis discussed above, and two specifically focused on the flexi wing, one at high speed and one at low speed. The collected results have been examined to analyze the performance of the front flexi wing. Performance analysis was conducted from the measurement of downforce and drag coefficient, as well as the pressure and velocity distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20flexi%20wing" title="high speed flexi wing">high speed flexi wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed%20flexi%20wing" title=" low speed flexi wing"> low speed flexi wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F1%20car%20aerodynamics" title=" F1 car aerodynamics"> F1 car aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F1%20car%20drag%20reduction" title=" F1 car drag reduction"> F1 car drag reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193464/aerodynamic-study-of-formula-1-car-in-upsight-down-configuration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Computational Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of a Nose Landing Gear</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Haider">Kamal Haider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical simulations over landing gear of simplified and partially-dressed configurations with closed cavity have been performed to compute aerodynamically and aeroacoustics parameters using commercial engineering software. The objective of numerical computations is two folds. Firstly, to validate experimental data of newly built nose landing gear and secondly perform high-fidelity calculations using CFD/FW-H hybrid approach, as future engineering challenges need more advanced aircraft configurations such as performance noise and efficiency. Both geometries are used for multi-block structured, and unstructured/hybrid meshed to develop some understanding of physics in terms of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) approach is employed to compute surface pressure. Also far-field noise calculations have been generated by Ffowcs-William and Hawking solver. Both results of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics are compared with experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landing%20gear" title="landing gear">landing gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20aeroacoustics" title=" computational aeroacoustics"> computational aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20aerodynamics" title=" computational aerodynamics"> computational aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detached%20eddy%20simulation" title=" detached eddy simulation"> detached eddy simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59488/computational-aerodynamics-and-aeroacoustics-of-a-nose-landing-gear" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Aerodynamics of Spherical Combat Platform Levitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aelina%20Franz">Aelina Franz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the scientific community has witnessed a paradigm shift in the exploration of unconventional levitation methods, particularly in the domain of spherical combat platforms. This paper explores aerodynamics and levitational dynamics inherent in these spheres by examining interactions at the quantum level. Our research unravels the nuanced aerodynamic phenomena governing the levitation of spherical combat platforms. Through an analysis of the quantum fluid dynamics surrounding these spheres, we reveal the crucial interactions between air resistance, surface irregularities, and the quantum fluctuations that influence their levitational behavior. Our findings challenge conventional understanding, providing a perspective on the aerodynamic forces at play during the levitation of spherical combat platforms. Furthermore, we propose design modifications and control strategies informed by both classical aerodynamics and quantum information processing principles. These advancements not only enhance the stability and maneuverability of the combat platforms but also open new avenues for exploration in the interdisciplinary realm of engineering and quantum information sciences. This paper aims to contribute to levitation technologies and their applications in the field of spherical combat platforms. We anticipate that our work will stimulate further research to create a deeper understanding of aerodynamics and quantum phenomena in unconventional levitation systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20combat%20platforms" title="spherical combat platforms">spherical combat platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitation%20technologies" title=" levitation technologies"> levitation technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuverable%20platforms" title=" maneuverable platforms"> maneuverable platforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183818/aerodynamics-of-spherical-combat-platform-levitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Desktop High-Speed Aerodynamics by Shallow Water Analogy in a Tin Box for Engineering Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuo%20Morishita">Etsuo Morishita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we show shallow water in a tin box as an analogous simulation tool for high-speed aerodynamics education and research. It is customary that we use a water tank to create shallow water flow. While a flow in a water tank is not necessarily uniform and is sometimes wavy, we can visualize a clear supercritical flow even when we move a body manually in stationary water in a simple shallow tin box. We can visualize a blunt shock wave around a moving circular cylinder together with a shock pattern around a diamond airfoil. Another interesting analogous experiment is a hydrodynamic shock tube with water and tea. We observe the contact surface clearly due to color difference of the two liquids those are invisible in the real gas dynamics experiment. We first revisit the similarities between high-speed aerodynamics and shallow water hydraulics. Several educational and research experiments are then introduced for engineering students. Shallow water experiments in a tin box simulate properly the high-speed flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics%20compressible%20flow" title="aerodynamics compressible flow">aerodynamics compressible flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20dynamics" title=" gas dynamics"> gas dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title=" hydraulics"> hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title=" shock wave"> shock wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68545/desktop-high-speed-aerodynamics-by-shallow-water-analogy-in-a-tin-box-for-engineering-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Experimental Studies of Dragonfly Flight Aerodynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Izmir%20Bin%20Yamin">Mohd Izmir Bin Yamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Arthur%20Ward"> Thomas Arthur Ward</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Past aerodynamic studies of flapping wing flight have shown that it has increased aerodynamic performances compared to fixed wing steady flight. One of the dominant mechanisms that is responsible for causing this phenomenon is a leading edge vortex, generated by the flapping motion of a flexible wing. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to observe the aerodynamic profile of a flapping wing, by measuring the lift, drag and thrust. Analysis was done to explain how unsteady aerodynamics leads towards better power performances than a fixed wing flight. The information from this study can be used as a base line for designing future Bio-mimetic Micro Air Vehicles that are based on flying insect aerodynamic mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapping%20wing%20flight" title="flapping wing flight">flapping wing flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20vortex" title=" leading edge vortex"> leading edge vortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics%20performances" title=" aerodynamics performances"> aerodynamics performances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20test" title=" wind tunnel test"> wind tunnel test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26556/experimental-studies-of-dragonfly-flight-aerodynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Studies on Race Car Aerodynamics at Wing in Ground Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharni%20Vasudhevan%20Venkatesan">Dharni Vasudhevan Venkatesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20E.%20Shanjay"> K. E. Shanjay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sujith%20Kumar"> H. Sujith Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abhilash"> N. A. Abhilash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Aswin%20Ram"> D. Aswin Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sanal%20Kumar"> V. R. Sanal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical studies on race car aerodynamics at wing in ground effect have been carried out using a steady 3d, double precision, pressure-based, and standard k-epsilon turbulence model. Through various parametric analytical studies we have observed that at a particular speed and ground clearance of the wings a favorable negative lift was found high at a particular angle of attack for all the physical models considered in this paper. The fact is that if the ground clearance height to chord length (h/c) is too small, the developing boundary layers from either side (the ground and the lower surface of the wing) can interact, leading to an altered variation of the aerodynamic characteristics at wing in ground effect. Therefore a suitable ground clearance must be predicted throughout the racing for a better performance of the race car, which obviously depends upon the coupled effects of the topography, wing orientation with respect to the ground, the incoming flow features and/or the race car speed. We have concluded that for the design of high performance and high speed race cars the adjustable wings capable to alter the ground clearance and the angles of attack is the best design option for any race car for racing safely with variable speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20aerodynamics" title="external aerodynamics">external aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20flow%20choking" title=" external flow choking"> external flow choking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race%20car%20aerodynamics" title=" race car aerodynamics"> race car aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing%20in%20ground%20effect" title=" wing in ground effect"> wing in ground effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12103/studies-on-race-car-aerodynamics-at-wing-in-ground-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Aerodynamics and Aeroelastics Studies of Hanger Bridge with H-Beam Profile Using Wind Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matza%20Gusto%20Andika">Matza Gusto Andika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malinda%20Sabrina"> Malinda Sabrina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syarie%20Fatunnisa"> Syarie Fatunnisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerodynamic and aeroelastics studies on the hanger bridge profile are important to analyze the aerodynamic phenomenon and Aeroelastics stability of hanger. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a model of H-beam profile from hanger bridge. The purpose of this study is to investigate steady aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficient (Cl), drag coefficient (Cd), and moment coefficient (Cm) under the different angle of attack for preliminary prediction of aeroelastics stability problems. After investigation the steady aerodynamics characteristics from the model, dynamic testing is also conducted in wind tunnel to know the aeroelastics phenomenon which occurs at the H-beam hanger bridge profile. The studies show that the torsional vortex induced vibration occur when the wind speed is 7.32 m/s until 9.19 m/s with maximum amplitude occur when the wind speed is 8.41 m/s. The result of wind tunnel testing is matching to hanger vibration where occur in the field, so wind tunnel studies has successful to model the problem. In order that the H-beam profile is not good enough for the hanger bridge and need to be modified to minimize the Aeroelastics problem. The modification can be done with structure dynamics modification or aerodynamics modification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroelastic" title=" aeroelastic"> aeroelastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanger%20bridge" title=" hanger bridge"> hanger bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=h-beam%20profile" title=" h-beam profile"> h-beam profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20induced%20vibration" title=" vortex induced vibration"> vortex induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52637/aerodynamics-and-aeroelastics-studies-of-hanger-bridge-with-h-beam-profile-using-wind-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> 3D Numerical Studies on External Aerodynamics of a Flying Car </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasitharan%20Ambicapathy">Sasitharan Ambicapathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vignesh"> J. Vignesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sivaraj"> P. Sivaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godfrey%20Derek%20Sams"> Godfrey Derek Sams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sabarinath"> K. Sabarinath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sanal%20Kumar"> V. R. Sanal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The external flow simulation of a flying car at take off phase is a daunting task owing to the fact that the prediction of the transient unsteady flow features during its deployment phase is very complex. In this paper 3D numerical simulations of external flow of Ferrari F430 proposed flying car with different NACA 9618 rectangular wings have been carried. Additionally, the aerodynamics characteristics have been generated for optimizing its geometry for achieving the minimum take off velocity with better overall performance in both road and air. The three-dimensional standard k-omega turbulence model has been used for capturing the intrinsic flow physics during the take off phase. In the numerical study, a fully implicit finite volume scheme of the compressible, Reynolds-Averaged, Navier-Stokes equations is employed. Through the detailed parametric analytical studies we have conjectured that Ferrari F430 flying car facilitated with high wings having three different deployment histories during the take off phase is the best choice for accomplishing its better performance for the commercial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics%20of%20flying%20car" title="aerodynamics of flying car">aerodynamics of flying car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20taxi" title=" air taxi"> air taxi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20lift" title=" negative lift"> negative lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roadable%20airplane" title=" roadable airplane"> roadable airplane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8656/3d-numerical-studies-on-external-aerodynamics-of-a-flying-car" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Quantification of Aerodynamic Variables Using Analytical Technique and Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Loya">Adil Loya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Maqsood"> Kamran Maqsood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Duraid"> Muhammad Duraid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerodynamic stability coefficients are necessary to be known before any unmanned aircraft flight is performed. This requires expertise on aerodynamics and stability control of the aircraft. To enable efficacious performance of aircraft requires that a well-defined flight path and aerodynamics should be defined beforehand. This paper presents a study on the aerodynamics of an unmanned aero vehicle (UAV) during flight conditions. Current research holds comparative studies of different parameters for flight aerodynamic, measured using two different open source analytical software programs. These software packages are DATCOM and XLRF5, which help in depicting the flight aerodynamic variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was also used to perform aerodynamic analysis for which Star CCM+ was used. Output trends of the study demonstrate high accuracies between the two software programs with that of CFD. It can be seen that the Coefficient of Lift (CL) obtained from DATCOM and XFLR is similar to CL of CFD simulation. In the similar manner, other potential aerodynamic stability parameters obtained from analytical software are in good agreement with CFD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XFLR5" title="XFLR5">XFLR5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DATCOM" title=" DATCOM"> DATCOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamic" title=" computational fluid dynamic"> computational fluid dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aero%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aero vehicle"> unmanned aero vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89932/quantification-of-aerodynamic-variables-using-analytical-technique-and-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Design and Analysis of Formula One Car Halo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indira%20priyadarshini">Indira priyadarshini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Tulja%20Lal"> B. Tulja Lal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Anusha"> K. Anusha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sai%20Varun"> P. Sai Varun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formula One cars are the fastest road course racing cars in the world, owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce. The main intentions and goals of this paper are to reduce the accidents and improving the safety without affecting the visibility of the driver by redesigning Halo that was developed by Mercedes in conjunction with the FIA to deflect flying debris, such as a loose wheel, away from a driver’s head while the hinged locking mechanism can quickly be removed for easy access. Halo design has been modified in order to reduce the weight without affecting the aerodynamics of the car. CFD simulation is carried out to observe the flow over the Halo. The velocity profile and pressure contours were analyzed. Halo is designed using SOLIDWORKS Furthermore, using the software ANSYS FLUENT 3D simulation of the airflow contour around the Halo in order to make changes in the geometry to improve the design by reducing air resistance and improving aerodynamics. According to our assumption, new 3D Halo model has better aerodynamic properties in order to analyse possible improvements compared to the initial design. Structural analysis is also done by using ANSYS by making an F1 tire colliding with Halo at 225 kmph in order to know the deflections in the structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halo" title=" Halo"> Halo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility" title=" visibility"> visibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56429/design-and-analysis-of-formula-one-car-halo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Construction of Wind Tunnel for Aerodynamic </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford">Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale"> Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ubiragi%20de%20Lima%20Mendes"> José Ubiragi de Lima Mendes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the aerodynamics is related to the improvement in the acting of airplanes and automobiles with the objective of being reduced the effect of the attrition of the air on structures, providing larger speeds and smaller consumption of fuel. The application of the knowledge of the aerodynamics not more limits to the aeronautical and automobile industries. In that way, being tried the new demands with relationship to the aerodynamic study in the most several areas of the engineering, this work presents the stages of the project and construction of a wind tunnel for application in aerodynamic rehearsals. Among the several configurations of existent wind tunnels, opted to build open circuit, due to smaller construction complexity and installation; operational simplicity and cost reduced. Belonging to the type blower, to take advantage of a larger efficiency of the motor; and with diffusion so that flowed him of air it wins speed before reaching the section of rehearsals. The guidelines for project were: didactic practices: study of the layer it limits and analyze of the drainages on proof bodies with different geometries. For the pressure variation in the test section a connected manometer used a pitot tube. Quantitative and qualitative results showed to be satisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title="wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air" title=" air"> air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airplane" title=" airplane"> airplane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18670/construction-of-wind-tunnel-for-aerodynamic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> A Parametric Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Tyre Using CFD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sowntharya%20L.">Sowntharya L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerodynamics is the most important factor when it comes to resistive forces such as lift, drag and side forces acting on the vehicle. In passenger vehicles, reducing the drag will not only unlock the door for higher achievable speed but will also reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle. Generally, tyre contributes significantly to the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle. Hence, understanding the air-flow behaviour around the tyre is vital to optimize the aerodynamic performance in the early stage of design process. Nowadays, aerodynamic simulation employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is gaining more importance as it reduces the number of physical wind-tunnel experiments during vehicle development process. This research develops a methodology to predict aerodynamic drag of a standalone tyre using Numerical CFD Solver and to validate the same using a wind tunnel experiment. A parametric study was carried out on different tread pattern tyres such as slick, circumferential groove & patterned tyre in stationary and rotating boundary conditions. In order to represent wheel rotation contact with the ground, moving reference frame (MRF) approach was used in this study. Aerodynamic parameters such as drag lift & air flow behaviour around the tire were simulated and compared with experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title=" drag"> drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRF" title=" MRF"> MRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind-tunnel" title=" wind-tunnel"> wind-tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134331/a-parametric-study-on-aerodynamic-performance-of-tyre-using-cfd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Aerodynamic Package of a Formula Student Car</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniketh%20Ravukutam">Aniketh Ravukutam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajath%20Rao%20M."> Rajath Rao M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradyumna%20S.%20A."> Pradyumna S. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past few decades there has been great advancement in use of aerodynamics in cars. Now its use has been evident from commercial cars to race cars for achieving higher speeds, stability and efficiency. This paper focusses on studying the effects of aerodynamics in Formula Student car. These cars weigh around 200kgs with an average speed of 60kmph. With increasing competition every year, developing a competitive car is a herculean task. The race track comprises mostly of tight corners and little or no straights thus testing the car’s cornering capabilities. Higher cornering speeds can be achieved by increasing traction at the tires. Studying the aerodynamics helps in achieving higher traction without much addition in overall weight of car. The main focus is to develop an aerodynamic package involving front wing, under tray and body to obtain an optimum value of down force. The initial process involves the detail study of geometrical constraints mentioned in the rule book and calculating the limiting value of drag as per the engine specifications. The successive steps involve conduction of various iterations in ANSYS for selection of airfoils, deciding the number of elements, designing the nose for low drag, channelizing the flow under the body and obtain an optimum value of down force within the limits defined in the initial process. The final step involves design of model using these results in Virtual environment called OptimumLap® for detailed study of performance with and without the presence of aerodynamics. The CFD analysis results showed an overall down force of 377.44N with a drag of 164.08N. The corresponding parameters of the last model were applied in OptimumLap® and an improvement of 3.5 seconds in lap times was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formula%20student" title=" formula student"> formula student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction" title=" traction"> traction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=front%20wing" title=" front wing"> front wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undertray" title=" undertray"> undertray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body" title=" body"> body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20book" title=" rule book"> rule book</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title=" drag"> drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down%20force" title=" down force"> down force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20environment" title=" virtual environment"> virtual environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamics (CFD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73434/design-and-computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-of-aerodynamic-package-of-a-formula-student-car" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Numerical Study on Parallel Rear-Spoiler on Super Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshul%20Ashu">Anshul Ashu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computers are applied to the vehicle aerodynamics in two ways. One of two is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and other is Computer Aided Flow Visualization (CAFV). Out of two CFD is chosen because it shows the result with computer graphics. The simulation of flow field around the vehicle is one of the important CFD applications. The flow field can be solved numerically using panel methods, k-ε method, and direct simulation methods. The spoiler is the tool in vehicle aerodynamics used to minimize unfavorable aerodynamic effects around the vehicle and the parallel spoiler is set of two spoilers which are designed in such a manner that it could effectively reduce the drag. In this study, the standard k-ε model of the simplified version of Bugatti Veyron, Audi R8 and Porsche 911 are used to simulate the external flow field. Flow simulation is done for variable Reynolds number. The flow simulation consists of three different levels, first over the model without a rear spoiler, second for over model with single rear spoiler, and third over the model with parallel rear-spoiler. The second and third level has following parameter: the shape of the spoiler, the angle of attack and attachment position. A thorough analysis of simulations results has been found. And a new parallel spoiler is designed. It shows a little improvement in vehicle aerodynamics with a decrease in vehicle aerodynamic drag and lift. Hence, it leads to good fuel economy and traction force of the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title="drag">drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift" title=" lift"> lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20simulation" title=" flow simulation"> flow simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoiler" title=" spoiler"> spoiler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31545/numerical-study-on-parallel-rear-spoiler-on-super-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Design and Numerical Study on Aerodynamics Performance for F16 Leading Edge Extension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=San-Yih%20Lin">San-Yih Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsien-Hao%20Teng"> Hsien-Hao Teng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we use commercial software, ANSYS CFX, to carry on the simulation the F16 aerodynamics performance flow field. The flight with a modified Leading Edge Extension (LEX) is proposed to increase the lift/drag ratio. The Shear Stress Transport turbulent model is used. The unstructured grid system is generated by the ICEM CFD. The prism grid around the wall surface is generated to simulate boundary layer viscosity flow field and Tetrahedron Mesh is used for the other computation domain. The lift, drag, and pitch moment are computed. The strong vortex structures upper the wing and vortex bursts under different sweep angle of LEX are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEX" title="LEX">LEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift%2Fdrag%20ratio" title=" lift/drag ratio"> lift/drag ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20moment" title=" pitch moment"> pitch moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20burst" title=" vortex burst"> vortex burst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85534/design-and-numerical-study-on-aerodynamics-performance-for-f16-leading-edge-extension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Aerodynamic Analysis of Vehicles in the Wind Tunnel and Water Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford">Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale"> Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The simulation in wind tunnel is used thoroughly to model real situations of drainages of air. Besides the automotive industry, a great number of applications can be numbered: dispersion of pollutant, studies of pedestrians comfort and dispersion of particles. This work had the objective of visualizing the characteristics aerodynamics of two automobiles in different ways. To accomplish that drainage of air a fan that generated a speed exists (measured with anemometer of hot thread) of 4,1m/s and 4,95m/s. To visualize the path of the air through the cars, in the wind tunnel, smoke was used, obtained with it burns of vegetable oil. For “to do smoke” vegetable oil was used, that was burned for a tension of 20 V generated by a thread of 2,5 mm. The cars were placed inside of the wind tunnel with the drainage of “air-smoke” and photographed, registering like this the path lines around them, in the 3 different speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20drag" title=" vehicle drag"> vehicle drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title=" vegetable oil"> vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel "> wind tunnel </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18356/aerodynamic-analysis-of-vehicles-in-the-wind-tunnel-and-water-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> CFD Modeling of Insect Flight at Low Reynolds Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Di">Wu Di</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeo%20Khoon%20Seng"> Yeo Khoon Seng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Tee%20Tai"> Lim Tee Tai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The typical insects employ a flapping-wing mode of flight. The numerical simulations on free flight of a model fruit fly (Re=143) including hovering and are presented in this paper. Unsteady aerodynamics around a flapping insect is studied by solving the three-dimensional Newtonian dynamics of the flyer coupled with Navier-Stokes equations. A hybrid-grid scheme (Generalized Finite Difference Method) that combines great geometry flexibility and accuracy of moving boundary definition is employed for obtaining flow dynamics. The results show good points of agreement and consistency with the outcomes and analyses of other researchers, which validate the computational model and demonstrate the feasibility of this computational approach on analyzing fluid phenomena in insect flight. The present modeling approach also offers a promising route of investigation that could complement as well as overcome some of the limitations of physical experiments in the study of free flight aerodynamics of insects. The results are potentially useful for the design of biomimetic flapping-wing flyers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20hovering%20flight" title="free hovering flight">free hovering flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapping%20wings" title=" flapping wings"> flapping wings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20fly" title=" fruit fly"> fruit fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect%20aerodynamics" title=" insect aerodynamics"> insect aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20vortex%20%28LEV%29" title=" leading edge vortex (LEV)"> leading edge vortex (LEV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamics (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navier-Stokes%20equations%20%28N-S%29" title=" Navier-Stokes equations (N-S)"> Navier-Stokes equations (N-S)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20structure%20interaction%20%28FSI%29" title=" fluid structure interaction (FSI)"> fluid structure interaction (FSI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20finite-difference%20method%20%28GFD%29" title=" generalized finite-difference method (GFD)"> generalized finite-difference method (GFD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8941/cfd-modeling-of-insect-flight-at-low-reynolds-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Numerical Study of Flapping-Wing Flight of Hummingbird Hawkmoth during Hovering: Longitudinal Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Jie">Yao Jie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeo%20Khoon%20Seng"> Yeo Khoon Seng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, flapping wing aerodynamics has attracted great interest. Understanding the physics of biological flyers such as birds and insects can help improve the performance of micro air vehicles. The present research focuses on the aerodynamics of insect-like flapping wing flight with the approach of numerical computation. Insect model of hawkmoth is adopted in the numerical study with rigid wing assumption currently. The numerical model integrates the computational fluid dynamics of the flow and active control of wing kinematics to achieve stable flight. The computation grid is a hybrid consisting of background Cartesian nodes and clouds of mesh-free grids around immersed boundaries. The generalized finite difference method is used in conjunction with single value decomposition (SVD-GFD) in computational fluid dynamics solver to study the dynamics of a free hovering hummingbird hawkmoth. The longitudinal dynamics of the hovering flight is governed by three control parameters, i.e., wing plane angle, mean positional angle and wing beating frequency. In present work, a PID controller works out the appropriate control parameters with the insect motion as input. The controller is adjusted to acquire desired maneuvering of the insect flight. The numerical scheme in present study is proven to be accurate and stable to simulate the flight of the hummingbird hawkmoth, which has relatively high Reynolds number. The PID controller is responsive to provide feedback to the wing kinematics during the hovering flight. The simulated hovering flight agrees well with the real insect flight. The present numerical study offers a promising route to investigate the free flight aerodynamics of insects, which could overcome some of the limitations of experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20control" title=" flight control"> flight control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamics (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapping-wing%20flight" title=" flapping-wing flight"> flapping-wing flight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58518/numerical-study-of-flapping-wing-flight-of-hummingbird-hawkmoth-during-hovering-longitudinal-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Measuring Technology of Airship Propeller Thrust and Torque in China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Hongqiang">Ma Hongqiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Hui"> Yang Hui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Haoju"> Wen Haoju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Jiabo"> Feng Jiabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi%20Zhixian"> Bi Zhixian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nie%20Ying"> Nie Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to measure thrust and torque of airship propeller, a two-component balance and data acquisition system was developed in China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics(CAAA) in early time. During the development, some problems were encountered. At first, the measuring system and its protective parts made the weight of whole system increase significantly. Secondly, more parts might induce more failures, so the reliability of the system was decreased. In addition, the rigidity of the system was lowered, and the structure was more possible to vibrate. Therefore, CAAA and the Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science(AOECAS) developed a new technology, use the propeller supporting rack as a spring element, attach strain gages onto it, sum up as a generalized balance. And new math models, new calibration methods and new load determining methods were developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airship" title="airship">airship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propeller" title=" propeller"> propeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20and%20torque" title=" thrust and torque"> thrust and torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20test" title=" flight test"> flight test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49071/measuring-technology-of-airship-propeller-thrust-and-torque-in-china-academy-of-aerospace-aerodynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Simulation Study on Vehicle Drag Reduction by Surface Dimples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20F.%20Wong">S. F. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Dol"> S. S. Dol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automotive designers have been trying to use dimples to reduce drag in vehicles. In this work, a car model has been applied with dimple surface with a parameter called dimple ratio DR, the ratio between the depths of the half dimple over the print diameter of the dimple, has been introduced and numerically simulated via k-ε turbulence model to study the aerodynamics performance with the increasing depth of the dimples The Ahmed body car model with 25 degree slant angle is simulated with the DR of 0.05, 0.2, 0.3 0.4 and 0.5 at Reynolds number of 176387 based on the frontal area of the car model. The geometry of dimple changes the kinematics and dynamics of flow. Complex interaction between the turbulent fluctuating flow and the mean flow escalates the turbulence quantities. The maximum level of turbulent kinetic energy occurs at DR = 0.4. It can be concluded that the dimples have generated extra turbulence energy at the surface and as a result, the application of dimples manages to reduce the drag coefficient of the car model compared to the model with smooth surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title=" boundary layer"> boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimple" title=" dimple"> dimple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title=" drag"> drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20energy" title=" kinetic energy"> kinetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47856/simulation-study-on-vehicle-drag-reduction-by-surface-dimples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Aerodynamic Modeling Using Flight Data at High Angle of Attack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar">Rakesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Ghosh"> A. K. Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the modeling of linear and nonlinear longitudinal aerodynamics using real flight data of Hansa-3 aircraft gathered at low and high angles of attack. The Neural-Gauss-Newton (NGN) method has been applied to model the linear and nonlinear longitudinal dynamics and estimate parameters from flight data. Unsteady aerodynamics due to flow separation at high angles of attack near stall has been included in the aerodynamic model using Kirchhoff’s quasi-steady stall model. NGN method is an algorithm that utilizes Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Gauss-Newton optimization to estimate the parameters and it does not require any a priori postulation of mathematical model or solving of equations of motion. NGN method was validated on real flight data generated at moderate angles of attack before application to the data at high angles of attack. The estimates obtained from compatible flight data using NGN method were validated by comparing with wind tunnel values and the maximum likelihood estimates. Validation was also carried out by comparing the response of measured motion variables with the response generated by using estimates a different control input. Next, NGN method was applied to real flight data generated by executing a well-designed quasi-steady stall maneuver. The results obtained in terms of stall characteristics and aerodynamic parameters were encouraging and reasonably accurate to establish NGN as a method for modeling nonlinear aerodynamics from real flight data at high angles of attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title="parameter estimation">parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGN%20method" title=" NGN method"> NGN method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20and%20nonlinear" title=" linear and nonlinear"> linear and nonlinear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20modeling" title=" aerodynamic modeling"> aerodynamic modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28241/aerodynamic-modeling-using-flight-data-at-high-angle-of-attack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Unsteady 3D Post-Stall Aerodynamics Accounting for Effective Loss in Camber Due to Flow Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aritras%20Roy">Aritras Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinku%20Mukherjee"> Rinku Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study couples a quasi-steady Vortex Lattice Method and a camber correcting technique, ‘Decambering’ for unsteady post-stall flow prediction. The wake is force-free and discrete such that the wake lattices move with the free-stream once shed from the wing. It is observed that the time-averaged unsteady coefficient of lift sees a relative drop at post-stall angles of attack in comparison to its steady counterpart for some angles of attack. Multiple solutions occur at post-stall and three different algorithms to choose solutions in these regimes show both unsteadiness and non-convergence of the iterations. The distribution of coefficient of lift on the wing span also shows sawtooth. Distribution of vorticity changes both along span and in the direction of the free-stream as the wake develops over time with distinct roll-up, which increases with time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-stall" title="post-stall">post-stall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady" title=" unsteady"> unsteady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing" title=" wing"> wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81015/unsteady-3d-post-stall-aerodynamics-accounting-for-effective-loss-in-camber-due-to-flow-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Aerodynamic Investigation of Rear Vehicle by Geometry Variations on the Backlight Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20Hassan">Saud Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows simulation for the prediction of the flow around the backlight angle of the passenger vehicle. The CFD simulations are carried out on different car models. The Ahmed model “bluff body” used as the stander model to study aerodynamics of the backlight angle. This paper described the airflow over the different car models with different backlight angles and also on the Ahmed model to determine the trailing vortices with the varying backlight angle of a passenger vehicle body. The CFD simulation is carried out with the Ahmed body which has simplified car model mainly used in automotive industry to investigate the flow over the car body surface. The main goal of the simulation is to study the behavior of trailing vortices of these models. In this paper the air flow over the slant angle of 0,5o, 12.5o, 20o, 30o, 40o are considered. As investigating on the rear backlight angle two dimensional flows occurred at the rear slant, on the other hand when the slant angle is 30o the flow become three dimensional. Above this angle sudden drop occurred in drag. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahemd%20vehicle" title=" Ahemd vehicle "> Ahemd vehicle </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backlight%20angle" title=" backlight angle"> backlight angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method "> finite element method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384/aerodynamic-investigation-of-rear-vehicle-by-geometry-variations-on-the-backlight-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Sit-Ski Aerodynamics in Crosswind Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lev%20Chernyshev">Lev Chernyshev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20Lieshout"> Ekaterina Lieshout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Kabaliuk"> Natalia Kabaliuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sit-skis enable individuals with limited lower limb or core movement to ski unassisted confidently. The rise in popularity of the Winter Paralympics has seen an influx of engineering innovation, especially for the Downhill and Super-Giant Slalom events, where the athletes achieve speeds as high as 160km/h. The growth in the sport has inspired recent research into sit-ski aerodynamics. Crosswinds are expected in mountain climates and, therefore, can greatly impact a skier's maneuverability and aerodynamics. This research investigates the impact of crosswinds on the drag force of a Paralympic sit-ski using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A Paralympic sit-ski with a model of a skier, a leg cover, a bucket seat, and a simplified suspension system was used for CFD analysis in ANSYS Fluent. The hybrid initialisation tool and the SST k–ω turbulence model were used with two tetrahedral mesh bodies of influence. The crosswinds (10, 30, and 50 km/h) acting perpendicular to the sit-ski's direction of travel were simulated, corresponding to the straight-line skiing speeds of 60, 80, and 100km/h. Following the initialisation, 150 iterations for both first and second order steady-state solvers were used, before switching to a transient solver with a computational time of 1.5s and a time step of 0.02s, to allow the solution to converge. CFD results were validated against wind tunnel data. The results suggested that for all crosswind and sit-ski speeds, on average, 64% of the total drag on the ski was due to the athlete's torso. The suspension was associated with the second largest overall sit-ski drag force contribution, averaging at 27%, followed by the leg cover at 10%. While the seat contributed a negligible 0.5% of the total drag force, averaging at 1.2N across the conditions studied. The effect of the crosswind increased the total drag force across all skiing speed studies, with the drag on the athlete's torso and suspension being the most sensitive to the changes in the crosswind magnitude. The effect of the crosswind on the ski drag reduced as the simulated skiing speed increased: for skiing at 60km/h, the drag force on the torso increased by 154% with the increase of the crosswind from 10km/h to 50km/h; whereas, at 100km/h the corresponding drag force increase was halved (75%). The analysis of the flow and pressure field characteristics for a sit-ski in crosswind conditions indicated the flow separation localisation and wake size correlated with the magnitude and directionality of the crosswind relative to straight-line skiing. The findings can inform aerodynamic improvements in sit-ski design and increase skiers' medalling chances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sit-ski" title="sit-ski">sit-ski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosswind%20effects" title=" crosswind effects"> crosswind effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163411/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-of-sit-ski-aerodynamics-in-crosswind-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> The Consumer Responses toward the Offensive Product Advertising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Tangtarntana">Chin Tangtarntana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of animation in offensive product advertising. Experiment was conducted to collect consumer responses toward animated and static ads of offensive and non-offensive products. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the target respondents. According to statistics from Innovative Internet Research Center, Thailand, majority of internet users are 18 – 44 years old. The results revealed an interaction between ad design and offensive product. Specifically, when used in offensive product advertisements, animated ads were not effective for consumer attention, but yielded positive response in terms of attitude toward product. The findings support that information processing model is accurate in predicting consumer cognitive response toward cartoon ads, whereas U&G, arousal, and distinctive theory is more accurate in predicting consumer affective response. In practical, these findings can also be used to guide ad designers and marketers that are suitable for offensive products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animation" title="animation">animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banner%20ad%20design" title=" banner ad design"> banner ad design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20responses" title=" consumer responses"> consumer responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offensive%20product%20advertising" title=" offensive product advertising"> offensive product advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20exchange%20of%20Thailand" title=" stock exchange of Thailand"> stock exchange of Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55242/the-consumer-responses-toward-the-offensive-product-advertising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Experimental Study Analysis of Flow over Pickup Truck’s Cargo Area Using Bed Covers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Rodriguez">Jonathan Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominga%20Guerrero"> Dominga Guerrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surupa%20Shaw"> Surupa Shaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automobiles are modeled in various forms, and they interact with air when in motion. Aerodynamics is the study of such interactions where solid bodies affect the way air moves around them. The shape of solid bodies can impact the ease at which they move against the flow of air; due to which any additional freightage, or loads, impact its aerodynamics. It is important to transport people and cargo safely. Despite the various safety measures, there are a large number of vehicle-related accidents. This study precisely explores the effects an automobile experiences, with added cargo and covers. The addition of these items changes the original vehicle shape and the approved design for safe driving. This paper showcases the effects of the changed vehicle shape and design via experimental testing conducted on a physical 1:27 scale and CAD model of an F-150 pickup truck, the most common pickup truck in the United States, with differently shaped loads and weight traveling at a constant speed. The additional freightage produces unwanted drag or lift resulting in lower fuel efficiencies and unsafe driving conditions. This study employs an adjustable external shell on the F-150 pickup truck to create a controlled aerodynamic geometry to combat the detrimental effects of additional freightage. The results utilize colored powder [ which acts as a visual medium for the interaction of air with the vehicle], to highlight the impact of the additional freight on the automobile’s external shell. This will be done along with simulation models using Altair CFD software of twelve cases regarding the effects of an added load onto an F-150 pickup truck. This paper is an attempt toward standardizing the geometric design of the external shell, given the uniqueness of every load and its placement on the vehicle; while providing real-time data to be compared to simulation results from the existing literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freightage" title=" freightage"> freightage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pickup%20cover" title=" pickup cover"> pickup cover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149072/experimental-study-analysis-of-flow-over-pickup-trucks-cargo-area-using-bed-covers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> A Computational Analysis of Flow and Acoustics around a Car Wing Mirror</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aidan%20J.%20Bowes">Aidan J. Bowes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reaz%20Hasan"> Reaz Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The automotive industry is continually aiming to develop the aerodynamics of car body design. This may be for a variety of beneficial reasons such as to increase speed or fuel efficiency by reducing drag. However recently there has been a greater amount of focus on wind noise produced while driving. Designers in this industry seek a combination of both simplicity of approach and overall effectiveness. This combined with the growing availability of commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) packages is likely to lead to an increase in the use of RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) based CFD methods. This is due to these methods often being simpler than other CFD methods, having a lower demand on time and computing power. In this investigation the effectiveness of turbulent flow and acoustic noise prediction using RANS based methods has been assessed for different wing mirror geometries. Three different RANS based models were used, standard k-ε, realizable k-ε and k-ω SST. The merits and limitations of these methods are then discussed, by comparing with both experimental and numerical results found in literature. In general, flow prediction is fairly comparable to more complex LES (Large Eddy Simulation) based methods; in particular for the k-ω SST model. However acoustic noise prediction still leaves opportunities for more improvement using RANS based methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustics" title="acoustics">acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RANS%20models" title=" RANS models"> RANS models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17099/a-computational-analysis-of-flow-and-acoustics-around-a-car-wing-mirror" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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