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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Występowanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Występowanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Występowanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Występowanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charakterystyka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakterystyka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Charakterystyka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charakterystyka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relacje_z_księżycami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relacje_z_księżycami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relacje z księżycami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relacje_z_księżycami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierścienie planetarne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 55 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C3%AAre_ring" title="Planetêre ring – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Planetêre ring" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حلقة كوكبية – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلقة كوكبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yv%C3%B3ra_ku%27as%C3%A3" title="Yvóra ku'asã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvóra ku'asã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="গ্রহীয় বলয় – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রহীয় বলয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кольцы планет – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кольцы планет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Кольцы плянэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кольцы плянэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Планетарен пръстен – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Планетарен пръстен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anell_planetari" title="Anell planetari – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anell planetari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_prstenec" title="Planetární prstenec – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Planetární prstenec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetring" title="Planetring – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Planetring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetenring" title="Planetenring – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Planetenring" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πλανητικός δακτύλιος – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλανητικός δακτύλιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring" title="Planetary ring – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Planetary ring" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anillo_planetario" title="Anillo planetario – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anillo planetario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeda_ringo" title="Planeda ringo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Planeda ringo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="حلقه سیاره‌ای – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلقه سیاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneau_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Anneau planétaire – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anneau planétaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anel_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Anel (astronomía) – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anel (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="행성의 고리 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="행성의 고리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մոլորակների օղակներ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոլորակների օղակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="उपग्रही छल्ला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपग्रही छल्ला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincin_planet" title="Cincin planet – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cincin planet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anello_planetario" title="Anello planetario – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anello planetario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טבעת פלנטרית – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבעת פלנטרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincin_plan%C3%A8t" title="Cincin planèt – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cincin planèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პლანეტური რგოლი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პლანეტური რგოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Планета шакектери – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Планета шакектери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C4%93tas_gredzens" title="Planētas gredzens – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Planētas gredzens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A9iterank" title="Planéiterank – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Planéiterank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetos_%C5%BEiedai" title="Planetos žiedai – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Planetos žiedai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="პლანეტური რულე – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პლანეტური რულე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelang_planet" title="Gelang planet – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelang planet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetaire_ring" title="Planetaire ring – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Planetaire ring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="उपग्रही घेरा – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उपग्रही घेरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93)" title="環 (天体) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="環 (天体)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarisk_ring" title="Planetarisk ring – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Planetarisk ring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%BE%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="چھلا سسٹم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چھلا سسٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%A9%DA%93%DB%8D" title="سیاروي کړۍ – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سیاروي کړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anel_planet%C3%A1rio" title="Anel planetário – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anel planetário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inel_planetar" title="Inel planetar – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inel planetar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кольца планет – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кольца планет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring" title="Planetary ring – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Planetary ring" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prstenec_plan%C3%A9ty" title="Prstenec planéty – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prstenec planéty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetni_obro%C4%8D" title="Planetni obroč – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Planetni obroč" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازنەی ھەسارەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بازنەی ھەسارەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Планетарни прстенови – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Планетарни прстенови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarni_prstenovi" title="Planetarni prstenovi – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Planetarni prstenovi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarisk_ring" title="Planetarisk ring – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Planetarisk ring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="วงแหวนดาวเคราะห์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงแหวนดาวเคราะห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezegen_halkas%C4%B1" title="Gezegen halkası – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gezegen halkası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кільце (астрономія) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кільце (астрономія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="行星環 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="行星環" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" title="行星环 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="行星环" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="行星環 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="行星環" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" title="行星环 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="行星环" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179792#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" 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accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&oldid=74493869" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&id=74493869&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg/220px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg/330px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg/440px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282004-10-06%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8888" data-file-height="4544" /></a><figcaption>Zdjęcie <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturna</a> i jego pierścieni zrobione przez <a href="/wiki/Sonda_kosmiczna" title="Sonda kosmiczna">sondę</a> <a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini</a> 2004-10-06</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg/220px-Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg/330px-Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg/440px-Saturn_unlit_rings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Zdjęcie pierścieni <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturna</a> wykonane przez <a href="/wiki/Sonda_kosmiczna" title="Sonda kosmiczna">sondę</a> <a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini</a> 2004-10-27</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pierścień planetarny</b> – pierścień złożony z cząsteczek <a href="/wiki/Py%C5%82_kosmiczny" title="Pył kosmiczny">pyłu</a> i innych małych cząstek orbitujących dookoła <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planety</a> w cienkim obszarze o kształcie dysku. Mają je wszystkie <a href="/wiki/Gazowy_olbrzym" title="Gazowy olbrzym">gazowe olbrzymy</a> w <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_S%C5%82oneczny" title="Układ Słoneczny">Układzie Słonecznym</a> i niektóre <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82e_cia%C5%82o_Uk%C5%82adu_S%C5%82onecznego" title="Małe ciało Układu Słonecznego">małe ciała niebieskie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Występowanie"><span id="Wyst.C4.99powanie"></span>Występowanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Występowanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Występowanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Najbardziej spektakularne i znane pierścienie planetarne należą do <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturna</a>, ale wszystkie cztery największe planety Układu Słonecznego: Saturn, <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jowisz" title="Jowisz">Jowisz</a> mają układy pierścieni o różnej złożoności<sup id="cite_ref-Czechowski_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czechowski-1">[1]</a></sup>. Także niektóre małe ciała Układu Słonecznego okazały się mieć własne pierścienie; pierwszy taki system odkryto wokół <a href="/wiki/(10199)_Chariklo" title="(10199) Chariklo">(10199) Chariklo</a> z grupy <a href="/wiki/Centaury_(planetoidy)" title="Centaury (planetoidy)">centaurów</a><sup id="cite_ref-centaur_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centaur-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>Poza Układem Słonecznym zaobserwowano <a href="/wiki/Planeta_pozas%C5%82oneczna" title="Planeta pozasłoneczna">planety pozasłoneczne</a>, które mogą mieć pierścienie. Planeta <a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_c" title="Proxima Centauri c">Proxima Centauri c</a> jest znacznie jaśniejsza w podczerwieni niż wynikałoby to z jej masy, czego wyjaśnieniem może być otaczający ją duży system pierścieni<sup id="cite_ref-Proxima_c_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proxima_c-3">[3]</a></sup>. Istnieniem pierścieni wokół orbitującej towarzyszki tłumaczono zaćmienie gwiazdy <a href="/wiki/V1400_Centauri" title="V1400 Centauri">V1400 Centauri</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mamajek2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamajek2012-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-saturn-like_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saturn-like-5">[5]</a></sup>, ale zjawisko nie powtórzyło się i prawdopodobnie wywołał je niezwiązany obiekt otoczony dyskiem pyłowym<sup id="cite_ref-Mentel2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mentel2018-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kenworthy2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenworthy2020-7">[7]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakterystyka">Charakterystyka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Charakterystyka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Charakterystyka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pochodzenie pierścieni planetarnych nie jest dokładnie znane, prawdopodobnie zostały ukształtowane przez odpryski materii powstające przy zderzeniach ciał lub przez rozerwanie <a href="/wiki/Naturalny_satelita" title="Naturalny satelita">księżyca</a> planety, gdy ten zbliżył się do planety i przekroczył <a href="/wiki/Granica_Roche%E2%80%99a" title="Granica Roche’a">granicę Roche’a</a>. Kształt pierścieni jest określony w dużym stopniu przez pole grawitacyjne planety, np. pierścienie Saturna A, B, C leżą dokładnie w płaszczyźnie równika planety. Również aktywność geologiczna księżyców może tworzyć i kształtować pierścienie, co ma miejsce w przypadku pierścienia E Saturna, utworzonego przez cząstki wyrzucane przez gejzery na księżycu planety, <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Enceladus (księżyc)">Enceladusie</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>. Jest to jednak nietypowy pierścień o dużej grubości. Skład cząstek pierścieni jest różny, mogą składać się z <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3d" title="Lód">lodu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Krzemiany" title="Krzemiany">krzemianów</a>. W pierścieniach mogą też występować większe bryły <a href="/wiki/Ska%C5%82a" title="Skała">skalne</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relacje_z_księżycami"><span id="Relacje_z_ksi.C4.99.C5.BCycami"></span>Relacje z księżycami</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Relacje z księżycami" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Relacje z księżycami"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niekiedy pierścieniom towarzyszą tzw. „<a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc_pasterski" title="Księżyc pasterski">księżyce pasterskie</a>”, czyli małe księżyce, których orbity przebiegają blisko granic pierścieni lub w przerwach między nimi. <a href="/wiki/Grawitacja" title="Grawitacja">Grawitacja</a> księżyców pasterskich tworzy i utrzymuje ostrą krawędź takiego pierścienia: materia „dryfująca” w pobliżu orbity księżyca pasterskiego, po zbliżeniu się do niego jest odrzucana w głąb pierścienia, wyrzucona z pierścienia lub nawarstwia się na księżycu. Także rezonans grawitacyjny pomiędzy satelitami a cząstkami pierścienia ma wpływ na budowę pierścienia, analogicznie do rezonansu Jowisza z niektórymi planetoidami, patrz <a href="/wiki/Przerwy_Kirkwooda" title="Przerwy Kirkwooda">przerwy Kirkwooda</a>. </p><p>Dwa małe księżyce Jowisza, <a href="/wiki/Metis_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Metis (księżyc)">Metis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Adrastea_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Adrastea (księżyc)">Adrastea</a>, krążą w obrębie <a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Jowisza" title="Pierścienie Jowisza">pierścieni planetarnych Jowisza</a> i wewnątrz granicy Roche’a. Oznacza to, że każdy niezwiązany z księżycem okruch, np. powstający w wyniku uderzenia w księżyc innego okruchu, jest porywany z jego powierzchni przez <a href="/wiki/Si%C5%82a_p%C5%82ywowa" title="Siła pływowa">siły pływowe</a> Jowisza zasilając pierścienie w nowy materiał. </p><p>Niezwykłą cechą <a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Neptuna" title="Pierścienie Neptuna">pierścieni Neptuna</a> jest to, że wydają się one składać z oddzielnych łuków, nie opasując całej planety. Sonda kosmiczna <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> przekazała jednak zdjęcia, które wykazują, że pierścienie są jednak kompletne, za to posiadają wyraźnie jaśniejsze łuki. Jest to wynik grawitacyjnego oddziaływania <a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc_pasterski" title="Księżyc pasterski">księżyca pasterskiego</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galatea_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Galatea (księżyc)">Galatei</a> i prawdopodobnie jeszcze innego, nieodkrytego ciała. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_obiekt%C3%B3w_astronomicznych_maj%C4%85cych_pier%C5%9Bcienie" title="Lista obiektów astronomicznych mających pierścienie">Lista obiektów astronomicznych mających pierścienie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Czechowski-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Czechowski_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Czechowski" title="Leszek Czechowski"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Leszek</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Leszek" style="display:none">L.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Czechowski</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Leszek</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Leszek">L.</span></span></a>, <i>Planety widziane z bliska</i>, Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_%E2%80%9EWiedza_Powszechna%E2%80%9D" title="Wydawnictwo „Wiedza Powszechna”">Wiedza Powszechna</a>, 1985<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Leszek&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Planety+widziane+z+bliska&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+%E2%80%9EWiedza+Powszechna%E2%80%9D%7CWiedza+Powszechna%5D%5D&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Czechowski" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centaur-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-centaur_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">F. Braga-Ribas <i>et al.</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1410/eso1410a.pdf"><em>A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo</em></a>. „<a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>”, 2014-03-26. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13155">10.1038/nature13155</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+ring+system+detected+around+the+Centaur+%2810199%29+Chariklo&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNature%5D%5D&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.au=F.+Braga-Ribas+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature13155&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org%2Fpublic%2Farchives%2Freleases%2Fsciencepapers%2Feso1410%2Feso1410a.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proxima_c-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Proxima_c_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jonathan</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jonathan" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">O’Callaghan</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jonathan</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jonathan">J.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/astronomers-may-have-captured-the-first-ever-image-of-nearby-exoplanet-proxima-c1/"><i>Astronomers may have captured the first ever image of nearby exoplanet Proxima c</i></a>, „<a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>”, 21 kwietnia 2020<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Astronomers+may+have+captured+the+first+ever+image+of+nearby+exoplanet+Proxima+c&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fastronomers-may-have-captured-the-first-ever-image-of-nearby-exoplanet-proxima-c1%2F" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamajek2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mamajek2012_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Eric E.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Eric E." style="display:none">E.E.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mamajek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Eric E.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Eric E.">E.E.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Eric E. Mamajek, Alice C. Quillen, Mark J. Pecaut, Fred Moolekamp, Erin L. Scott, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Andrew Collier Cameron, Neil R. Parley"> i inni</span>, <i>Planetary Construction Zones in Occultation: Discovery of an Extrasolar Ring System Transiting a Young Sun-like Star and Future Prospects for Detecting Eclipses by Circumsecondary and Circumplanetary Disks</i>, „<a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a>”, 3, 143, <span title="10 lutego 2012">2012</span>, s. 72, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F143%2F3%2F72">10.1088/0004-6256/143/3/72</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.volume=143&rft.atitle=Planetary+Construction+Zones+in+Occultation%3A+Discovery+of+an+Extrasolar+Ring+System+Transiting+a+Young+Sun-like+Star+and+Future+Prospects+for+Detecting+Eclipses+by+Circumsecondary+and+Circumplanetary+Disks&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F143%2F3%2F72" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saturn-like-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-saturn-like_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120109115830.htm">Scientists Discover a Saturn-Like Ring System Eclipsing a Sun-Like Star</a>. ScienceDaily, 2012-01-09. [dostęp 2012-01-10]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mentel2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mentel2018_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">R.T.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">R.T.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mentel</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">R.T.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">R.T.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="R.T. Mentel, M.A. Kenworthy, D.A. Cameron, E.L. Scott, S.N. Mellon, R. Hudec, J.L. Birkby, E.E. Mamajek, A. Schrimpf, D.E. Reichart, J.B. Haislip, V.V. Kouprianov, F.-J. Hambsch, T.-G. Tan, K. Hills, J.E. Grindlay"> i inni</span>, <i>Constraining the period of the ringed secondary companion to the young star J1407 with photographic plates</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Astronomy_and_Astrophysics" title="Astronomy and Astrophysics">Astronomy and Astrophysics</a>”, 619, 2018, s. 7, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834004">10.1051/0004-6361/201834004</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...619A.157M">2018A&A...619A.157M</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1810.05171">1810.05171</a>, A157<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=preprint&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2018&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.volume=619&rft.atitle=Constraining+the+period+of+the+ringed+secondary+companion+to+the+young+star+J1407+with+photographic+plates&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834004" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenworthy2020-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kenworthy2020_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">M.A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">M.A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Kenworthy</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">M.A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">M.A.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="M.A. Kenworthy, P.D. Klaassen, M. Min, N. van der Marel, A.J. Bohn, M. Kama, A. Triaud, A. Hales, J. Monkiewicz, E. Scott, E.E. Mamajek"> i inni</span>, <i>ALMA and NACO observations towards the young exoring transit system J1407 (V1400 Cen)</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Astronomy_and_Astrophysics" title="Astronomy and Astrophysics">Astronomy and Astrophysics</a>”, 633, 2020, s. 6, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201936141">10.1051/0004-6361/201936141</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...633A.115K">2020A&A...633A.115K</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1912.03314">1912.03314</a>, A115<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=preprint&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2020&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.volume=633&rft.atitle=ALMA+and+NACO+observations+towards+the+young+exoring+transit+system+J1407+%28V1400+Cen%29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201936141" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/02/070209074148.htm">Saturn’s Moon Enceladus Is A 'Cosmic Graffiti Artist,' Astronomers Discover</a>. ScienceDaily, 2007-02-09. 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Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierścienie planetarne</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Planety</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jowisz" title="Jowisz">Jowisz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Jowisza" title="Pierścienie Jowisza">pierścienie Jowisza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Saturna" title="Pierścienie Saturna">pierścienie Saturna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Urana" title="Pierścienie Urana">pierścienie Urana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Neptuna" title="Pierścienie Neptuna">pierścienie Neptuna</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Inne obiekty</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(10199)_Chariklo" title="(10199) Chariklo">(10199) Chariklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(136108)_Haumea" title="(136108) Haumea">(136108) Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rea_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Rea (księżyc)">Rea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Rei" title="Pierścienie Rei">pierścienie Rei</a> (hipotetyczne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/(2060)_Chiron" title="(2060) Chiron">(2060) Chiron</a> (hipotetyczne)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="hlist navbox-below below"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lista_obiekt%C3%B3w_astronomicznych_maj%C4%85cych_pier%C5%9Bcienie" title="Lista obiektów astronomicznych mających pierścienie">lista</a> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">typ obiektu astronomicznego</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph124090">ph124090</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2621353">2621353</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierścienie_planetarne&oldid=74493869">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierścienie_planetarne&oldid=74493869</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pier%C5%9Bcienie_planetarne" title="Kategoria:Pierścienie planetarne">Pierścienie planetarne</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Uniwersalny_szablon_cytowania_%E2%80%93_brak_strony" title="Kategoria:Uniwersalny szablon cytowania – brak strony">Uniwersalny szablon cytowania – brak strony</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 6 sie 2024, 13:40.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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