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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Spanish colonization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_nation_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_nation_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Independence and nation building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_nation_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pinochet_era_(1973–1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinochet_era_(1973–1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Pinochet era (1973–1990) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinochet_era_(1973–1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_and_hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate and hydrography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 National symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mineral_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Mineral resources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_and_telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_and_telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Internet and telecommunications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_and_telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ancestry and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Urbanization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Music and dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Folklore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Cultural heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Chile</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 302 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-302" aria-hidden="true" > 302 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BA%E1%88%8C" title="ቺሌ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቺሌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تشيلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%9D" title="ܬܫܝܠܝ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܠܝ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A7" title="Չիլէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չիլէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="চিলি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিলি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADle" title="Chíle – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chíle" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ili" title="Çili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="চিলি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Чылі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чылі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Чылі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чылі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsile" title="Tsile – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsile" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jili" title="Jili – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jili" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅི་ལི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅི་ལི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xile" title="Xile – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xile" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%9Bile" title="Tśile – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tśile" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsile" title="Tsile – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsile" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="شيلي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شيلي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A9" title="ޗިލީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗިލީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hj%C3%AD_Jeesh%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BC_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Shádiʼááhjí Jeeshóóʼ Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhjí Jeeshóóʼ Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilska" title="Chilska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chilska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1iili" title="Tšiili – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšiili" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Χιλή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χιλή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AEl" title="Cîl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cîl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чили Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чили Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ilio" title="Ĉilio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉilio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txile" title="Txile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kili" title="Kili – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kili" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sily" title="Sily – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sily" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciile" title="Ciile – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ciile" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSile" title="An tSile – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hillee" title="Yn Çhillee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhillee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ili" title="Çili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Sile" title="An t-Sile – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Sile" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="智利" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="شيلي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="شيلي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80" title="ચીલી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીલી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A0%EB%A0%88" title="칠레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칠레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kile" title="Kile – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kile" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Չիլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չիլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilska" title="Chilska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chilska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="চিলি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিলি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%93%95" title="ᓯᓕ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᓕ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChile" title="IChile – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IChile" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITshile" title="ITshile – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITshile" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADle" title="Síle – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Síle" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="צ'ילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cil%C3%A9" title="Cilé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cilé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silii" title="Silii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Silii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಚಿಲಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADli" title="Tsíli – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tsíli" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="ჩილე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩილე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shili" title="Shili – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Shili" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcilea" title="Tcilea – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tcilea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AEle" title="Şîle – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şîle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5" title="ປະເທດຊີເລ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຊີເລ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilia" title="Chilia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chilia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%ABle" title="Čīle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čīle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cil%C4%97" title="Čilė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čilė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%ADle" title="Shíle – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shíle" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txile" title="Txile – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txile" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tciles" title="tciles – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tciles" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чиле – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чиле" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silia" title="Silia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Silia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ചിലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aili" title="Ċili – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċili" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiri" title="Hiri – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hiri" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="चिले – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिले" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="ჩილე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩილე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="تشيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شیلی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شیلی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯆꯤꯂꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯤꯂꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချီလီနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချီလီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="चिली – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%AA" title="チリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiile" title="Chiile – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chiile" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiilii" title="Chiilii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chiilii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਚਿਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="चिले – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चिले" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဆီလီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဆီလီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="چيلي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چيلي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8" title="ឈីលី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឈីលី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kili" title="Kili – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kili" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Χιλή – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Χιλή" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ile" title="Çile – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çile" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABri" title="Tīri – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tīri" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilisuyu" title="Chilisuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chilisuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чіле – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чіле" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чиили – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чиили" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sile" title="Sile – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Sile" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF" title="चिलि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चिलि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shil%C3%AFi" title="Shilïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Shilïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱤᱞᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kili" title="Kili – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kili" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="චිලි ජනරජය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිලි ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%D9%8A" title="چلي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چلي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShile" title="IShile – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IShile" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%94" title="Чилє – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чилє" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czile" title="Czile – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czile" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jili" title="Jili – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jili" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چیلی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چیلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чиле – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чиле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čile" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cil%C3%A9" title="Cilé – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cilé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="சிலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcili" title="Tcili – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcili" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cile" title="Cile – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cile" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၶျီႇလီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျီႇလီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80" title="చిలీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిలీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xile" title="Xile – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xile" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศชิลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศชิลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BA%E1%88%8C" title="ቺሌ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቺሌ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%B5" title="ᏥᎵ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏥᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shile" title="Shile – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Shile" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಚಿಲಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಚಿಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eili" title="Şili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ili" title="Çili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyili" title="Kyili – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kyili" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чили" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%97" title="ᨌᨗᨒᨗ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨌᨗᨒᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Чилі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="چىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C5%82e" title="Ciłe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ciłe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cili" title="Čili – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čili" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cil%C3%A4n" title="Cilän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cilän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiili" title="Tsiili – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsiili" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchili" title="Tchili – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchili" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiire" title="Chiire – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Chiire" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="智利" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="智利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="טשילע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשילע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADl%C3%A8" title="Tsílè – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsílè" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="智利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eili" title="Şili – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şili" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cil%C4%97" title="Čilė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čilė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="智利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" title="Chili – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Chili" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Chile" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cili" title="Cili – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cili" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89" title="ⵛⵉⵍⵉ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵛⵉⵍⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q298#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="View the content page 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in South America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Republic of Chile. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chile_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chile (disambiguation)">Chile (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Chile</div><div class="ib-country-names">República de Chile (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chile"><img alt="Flag of Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/125px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/188px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/250px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chile" title="Flag of Chile">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_(c).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Chile"><img alt="Coat of arms of Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/115px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/173px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/230px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="498" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile" title="Coat of arms of Chile"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Por la razón o la fuerza ("By reason or by force")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Chile" title="National Anthem of Chile">Himno Nacional de Chile</a> ("National Anthem of Chile")<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="123" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/United_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/United_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Chile.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:CHL_orthographic_(%2Ball_claims).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chilean territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory in light green"><img alt="Chilean territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory in light green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/260px-CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/390px-CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg/520px-CHL_orthographic_%28%2Ball_claims%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="551" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Chilean territory in dark green; <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">claimed but uncontrolled territory</a> in light green</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chile&params=33_26_S_70_40_W_type:city">33°26′S 70°40′W / 33.433°S 70.667°W / -33.433; -70.667</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>56% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>42% <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li>14% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>37% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>6% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">Chilean</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Chile" title="President of the Senate of Chile">President of the Senate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa_Ruminot" title="José García Ruminot">José García Ruminot</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Cariola" title="Karol Cariola">Karol Cariola</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">President of Supreme Court</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="List of presidents of the Supreme Court of Chile">Juan Fuentes Belmar</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from Spain</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1810)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1810)">Government Junta</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1810</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Chilean Declaration of Independence">Declared</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 February 1818</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Recognized </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1844</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1981</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Chile" title="Geography of Chile">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">756,101.96<a href="#cite_note-ce2006-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chile_country_profile-3">[3]</a> km2 (291,932.60 sq mi)b (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">37th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.1 (as of 2015)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Chile" title="Demographics of Chile">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,629,588<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">63rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24/km2 (62.2/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">198th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $674.388 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CL-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">45th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $33,574<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CL-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">64th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $328.720 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CL-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">45th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $16,365<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CL-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">62nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 46<a href="#cite_note-Inequality_-_Income_inequality-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>high inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.860<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-8">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">44th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">CLP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>−4 and −6 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CLT and EAST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>-3 and −5</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data">April to September</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Chile" title="Telephone numbers in Chile">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Chile" title="Telephone numbers in Chile">+56</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CL" title="ISO 3166-2:CL">CL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.cl" title=".cl">.cl</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Chile">Legislature</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>.</li><li value="2">Includes Easter Island and <a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Isla Salas y Gómez</a>; does not include 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of territory claimed in Antarctica.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Chile,<a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtʃɪl.i/</a>) officially the Republic of Chile,<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> is a country in western <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers (291,933 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-population-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chile_country_profile-3">[3]</a> sharing borders with <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a> to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Isla Salas y Gómez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">Desventuradas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[nb 2]</a> The capital and largest city of Chile is <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, and the national language is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spain conquered and colonized</a> the region in the mid-16th century, replacing <a href="/wiki/Incas_in_Central_Chile" title="Incas in Central Chile">Inca rule</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">failed to conquer</a> the independent <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche people</a> who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Chilean Declaration of Independence">declaration of independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">putting an end to Mapuche resistance</a> in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a> and experienced rapid population growth and <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a> while relying increasingly on exports from <a href="/wiki/Copper_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper mining">copper mining</a> to support <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">its economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a> During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right <a href="/wiki/Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">political polarization</a> and turmoil, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a> that overthrew <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a>'s democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Presidency of Salvador Allende">left-wing government</a>. This was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">16-year right-wing military dictatorship</a> under <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, which resulted in more than <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Chile_under_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Human rights abuses in Chile under Augusto Pinochet">3,000 deaths or disappearances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Chile-20">[16]</a> The regime ended in 1990, following a <a href="/wiki/1988_Chilean_national_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Chilean national plebiscite">referendum in 1988</a>, and was succeeded by a <a href="/wiki/Concertaci%C3%B3n" title="Concertación">center-left coalition</a>, which ruled until 2010. Chile is a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a> with a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a> and is one of the most economically and socially stable nations in South America.<a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-21">[17]</a> Chile also performs well in the region in terms of <a href="/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index">sustainability of the state</a> and democratic development.<a href="#cite_note-wdi-22">[18]</a> Chile is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a> (CELAC), and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a>, and joined the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> in 2010. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> There are various theories about the origin of the word Chile. According to 17th-century Spanish chronicler <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Rosales" title="Diego de Rosales">Diego de Rosales</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Incas" class="mw-redirect" title="Incas">Incas</a> called the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua_River" title="Aconcagua River">Aconcagua</a> Chili by corruption of the name of a <a href="/wiki/Picunche" title="Picunche">Picunche</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">tribal chief</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">cacique</a>) called Tili, who ruled the area at the time of the Incan conquest in the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-encina-25">[21]</a> Another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the <a href="/wiki/Casma_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Casma Valley">Casma Valley</a> in Peru, where there was a town and valley named Chili.<a href="#cite_note-encina-25">[21]</a> Other theories say Chile may derive its name from a <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> word meaning either 'ends of the earth' or 'sea gulls';<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> from the Mapuche word chilli, which may mean 'where the land ends'"<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> or from the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a> chiri,<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> 'cold',<a href="#cite_note-1911britannica-29">[25]</a> or tchili, meaning either 'snow'<a href="#cite_note-1911britannica-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> or "the deepest point of the Earth".<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> Another origin attributed to chilli is the onomatopoeic cheele-cheele—the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a bird locally known as <a href="/wiki/Yellow-winged_blackbird" title="Yellow-winged blackbird">trile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadors">conquistadors</a> heard about this name from the Incas, and the few survivors of <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a>'s first Spanish expedition south from Peru in 1535–36 called themselves the "men of Chilli".<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> Ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name Chile, after naming the <a href="/wiki/Mapocho_River" title="Mapocho River">Mapocho</a> valley as such.<a href="#cite_note-encina-25">[21]</a> The older spelling "Chili" was in use in English until the early 20th century before switching to "Chile".<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History of Chile</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Prehispanic history of Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Mapuche" title="Origin of the Mapuche">Origin of the Mapuche</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg/220px-Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg/330px-Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg/440px-Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_mummies" title="Chinchorro mummies">Chinchorro mummies</a>, the oldest of which are from around 5050 BCE.</figcaption></figure> Stone tool evidence indicates humans sporadically frequented the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a> valley area as long as 18,500 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, migrating <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a> settled in fertile valleys and coastal areas of what is present-day Chile. Settlement sites from very early human habitation include Monte Verde, <a href="/wiki/Cueva_del_Milod%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Cueva del Milodón">Cueva del Milodón</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pali-Aike_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali-Aike Crater">Pali-Aike Crater</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">lava tube</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> The Incas briefly extended their empire into what is now northern Chile, but the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> (or Araucanians as they were known by the Spaniards) successfully resisted many attempts by the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> to subjugate them, despite their lack of state organization.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> They fought against the Sapa Inca Tupac Yupanqui and his army. The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Maule" title="Battle of the Maule">Battle of the Maule</a> was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the <a href="/wiki/Maule_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Maule river">Maule river</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colonization">Spanish colonization</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Conquest of Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Colonial Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captaincy_General_of_Chile,_1775.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg/170px-Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg/255px-Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg/340px-Captaincy_General_of_Chile%2C_1775.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="2684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Chile">Kingdom of Chile</a> in 1775 according to Chilean historiography. The next year the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a> was created and the territories of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Argentina" title="San Juan, Argentina">San Juan</a> got transferred from Chile to the new entity.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1520, while attempting to circumnavigate the globe, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> discovered the southern passage now named after him (the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a>) thus becoming the first European to set foot on what is now Chile. The next Europeans to reach Chile were Diego de Almagro and his band of <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Spanish conquistadors</a>, who came from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> in 1535 seeking gold. The Spanish encountered various cultures that supported themselves principally through <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> agriculture and hunting.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> The conquest of Chile began in earnest in 1540 and was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a>'s lieutenants, who founded the city of Santiago on 12 February 1541. Although the Spanish did not find the extensive gold and silver they sought, they recognized the agricultural potential of Chile's central valley, and Chile became part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Conquest took place gradually, and the Europeans suffered repeated setbacks. A massive <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> insurrection that began in 1553 resulted in Valdivia's death and the destruction of many of the colony's principal settlements. Subsequent major insurrections took place in 1598 and in 1655. Each time the Mapuche and other native groups revolted, the southern border of the colony was driven northward. The abolition of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> by the Spanish crown in 1683 was done in recognition that enslaving the Mapuche intensified resistance rather than cowing them into submission. Despite royal prohibitions, relations remained strained from continual colonialist interference.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title=""page 66" was deleted from this citation by a user of the ReFill script at one point, but page 66 of this source does not seem to support this claim. the reference previously pointed to a djvu of the source, so pagination may have differed, but the djvu is no longer available via archive.org (August 2024)">verification needed</a>] Cut off to the north by desert, to the south by the Mapuche, to the east by the Andes Mountains, and to the west by the ocean, Chile became one of the most centralized, homogeneous territories in Spanish America. Serving as a sort of frontier <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a>, the colony found itself with the mission of forestalling encroachment by both the Mapuche and Spain's European enemies, especially the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buccaneer" title="Buccaneer">Buccaneers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">pirates</a> menaced the colony in addition to the Mapuche, as was shown by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a>'s 1578 raid on Valparaíso, the colony's principal port. Chile hosted one of the largest standing armies in the Americas, making it one of the most militarized of the Spanish possessions, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Real_Situado" title="Real Situado">drain on the treasury of the Viceroyalty of Peru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg/220px-Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg/330px-Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg/440px-Fundacion_de_Santiago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Lira" title="Pedro Lira">Pedro Lira</a>'s 1888 painting of the founding of <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Luc%C3%ADa_Hill" title="Santa Lucía Hill">Huelén Hill</a>.</figcaption></figure> The first general census was conducted by the government of <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_J%C3%A1uregui" title="Agustín de Jáuregui">Agustín de Jáuregui</a> between 1777 and 1778; it indicated that the population consisted of 259,646 inhabitants: 73.5% of <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White Latin American">European descent</a>, 7.9% <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizos</a>, 8.6% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples</a> and 9.8% blacks. Francisco Hurtado, Governor of the province of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Province" title="Chiloé Province">Chiloé</a>, conducted a census in 1784 and found the population consisted of 26,703 inhabitants, 64.4% of whom were whites and 33.5% of whom were natives. The Diocese of <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> conducted a census in areas south of the <a href="/wiki/Maule_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Maule river">Maule river</a> in 1812, but did not include the indigenous population or the inhabitants of the province of Chiloé. The population is estimated at 210,567, 86.1% of whom were <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Chilean">Spanish</a> or of European descent, 10% of whom were indigenous and 3.7% of whom were mestizos, blacks and <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulattos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> A 2021 study by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Baten" title="Jörg Baten">Baten</a> and Llorca-Jaña shows that regions with a relatively high share of North European migrants developed faster in terms of <a href="/wiki/Numeracy" title="Numeracy">numeracy</a>, even if the overall number of migrants was small. This effect might be related to <a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">externalities</a>: the surrounding population adopted a similar behavior as the small non-European immigrant group, and new schools were created. Ironically, there might have been positive <a href="/wiki/Spillover_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover effects">spillover effects</a> from the educational investment made by migrants, at the same time numeracy might have been reduced by the greater inequality in these regions. However, the positive effects of immigration were apparently stronger.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_nation_building">Independence and nation building</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Chilean War of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argentine%E2%80%93Chilean_naval_arms_race" title="Argentine–Chilean naval arms race">Argentine–Chilean naval arms race</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg/220px-Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg/330px-Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg/440px-Ejercito_Libertador_cruce_de_Cordillera_de_los_andes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Generals <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins" title="Bernardo O'Higgins">Bernardo O'Higgins</a> (right) during the <a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Andes" title="Crossing of the Andes">crossing of the Andes</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1808, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon's</a> enthronement of his brother <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish monarchy">Spanish King</a> precipitated the drive by Chile for <a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">independence from Spain</a>. A national <a href="/wiki/Junta_(governing_body)" title="Junta (governing body)">junta</a> in the name of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand</a> – heir to the deposed king – was formed on 18 September 1810. The <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1810)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1810)">Government Junta of Chile</a> proclaimed an autonomous government for Chile within the Spanish monarchy (in memory of this day, Chile celebrates its <a href="/wiki/Fiestas_Patrias_(Chile)" title="Fiestas Patrias (Chile)">National Day</a> on 18 September each year). After these events, a movement for total independence, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera" title="José Miguel Carrera">José Miguel Carrera</a> (one of the most renowned patriots) and his two brothers Juan José and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrera" title="Luis Carrera">Luis Carrera</a>, soon gained a wider following. Spanish attempts to re-impose arbitrary rule during what was called the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Spanish_America)" title="Reconquista (Spanish America)">Reconquista</a> led to a prolonged struggle, including infighting from <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins" title="Bernardo O'Higgins">Bernardo O'Higgins</a>, who challenged Carrera's leadership. Intermittent warfare continued until 1817. With Carrera in prison in Argentina, O'Higgins and anti-Carrera cohort <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a>, hero of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Argentine War of Independence</a>, led <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Andes" title="Army of the Andes">an army</a> that <a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Andes" title="Crossing of the Andes">crossed the Andes</a> into Chile and defeated the royalists. On 12 February 1818, <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Chilean Declaration of Independence">Chile was proclaimed an independent republic</a>. The political revolt brought little social change, however, and 19th-century Chilean society preserved the essence of the stratified colonial social structure, which was greatly influenced by family politics and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. A strong presidency eventually emerged, but wealthy landowners remained powerful.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Bernardo O'Higgins once planned to expand Chile by liberating the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> from Spain and incorporating the islands. In this regard he tasked the Scottish naval officer, Lord Thomas Cochrane, in a letter dated 12 November 1821, expressing his plan to conquer <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos Islands">Galapagos Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Chile–Philippines relations">Philippines</a>. There were preparations, but the plan did not push through because O'Higgins was exiled.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg/220px-Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg/330px-Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg/440px-Combate_Naval_Iquique-Thomas_Somerscales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3307" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iquique" title="Battle of Iquique">Battle of Iquique</a> on 21 May 1879. The victory of Chile in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> allowed its expansion into new territories.</figcaption></figure> Chile slowly started to expand its influence and to establish its borders. By the Tantauco Treaty, the archipelago of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiloé">Chiloé</a> was incorporated in 1826. The economy began to boom due to the discovery of silver ore in Chañarcillo, and the growing trade of the port of Valparaíso, which led to conflict over maritime supremacy in the Pacific with Peru. At the same time, attempts were made to strengthen sovereignty in southern Chile intensifying <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">penetration into Araucanía</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Valdivia,_Osorno_and_Llanquihue" title="German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue">colonizing Llanquihue with German immigrants</a> in 1848. Through the founding of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bulnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Bulnes">Fort Bulnes</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Schooner_Ancud" class="mw-redirect" title="Schooner Ancud">Schooner Ancud</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_Wilson" title="John Williams Wilson">John Williams Wilson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Magallanes_Region" title="Magallanes Region">Magallanes Region</a> <a href="/wiki/Chilean_colonization_of_the_Strait_of_Magellan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean colonization of the Strait of Magellan">started to be controlled by country in 1843</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Region" title="Antofagasta Region">Antofagasta Region</a>, at the time in <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert_border_dispute" title="Atacama Desert border dispute">dispute with Bolivia</a>, began to fill with people. After the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_War_of_1829%E2%80%931830" title="Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830">Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830</a> in which the conservatives won, under the <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Prieto" title="Joaquín Prieto">Joaquín Prieto</a> Administration, the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1833" title="Chilean Constitution of 1833">Chilean Constitution of 1833</a> was written and put into effect with high influence from the triple minister <a href="/wiki/Diego_Portales" title="Diego Portales">Diego Portales</a>. Two other civil wars happened in Chile in the 1850s, one in <a href="/wiki/1851_Chilean_revolution" title="1851 Chilean revolution">1851</a> and the other one in <a href="/wiki/1859_Chilean_revolution" title="1859 Chilean revolution">1859</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg/300px-Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="468" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg/450px-Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg/600px-Territorial_losses_of_the_Republic_of_Chile_de_jure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2808" /></a><figcaption>Territorial losses of the Republic of Chile de jure (by law) according to Chilean historiography.<a href="#cite_note-Eyzaguirre-45">[41]</a></figcaption></figure> Toward the end of the 19th century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">Occupation of Araucanía</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Boundary_treaty_of_1881_between_Chile_and_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina">Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina</a> confirmed Chilean sovereignty over the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> but also made the country to renounce to its claims in the rest of East Patagonia after a <a href="/wiki/East_Patagonia,_Tierra_del_Fuego_and_Strait_of_Magellan_Dispute" title="East Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Strait of Magellan Dispute">dispute that started in 1842</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PatagoniaAustral-46">[42]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> with Peru and Bolivia (1879–83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third, eliminating Bolivia's access to the Pacific, and acquired valuable <a href="/wiki/Caliche_(mineral)#Chilean_caliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliche (mineral)">nitrate</a> deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence. Chile had joined the stand as one of the high-income countries in South America by 1870.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> On 9 September 1888, Chile took possession of <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> by the signing of a mutual will agreement with the local king, thanks to the efforts of the Bishop of Tahiti, Monsignor José María Verdier since the island was constantly attacked by slave merchants. The naval officer <a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Toro" title="Policarpo Toro">Policarpo Toro</a> represented the Chilean Government and <a href="/wiki/Atamu_Tekena" title="Atamu Tekena">Atamu Tekena</a> was the head of the Council of Rapanui. The Rapa Nui elders ceded sovereignty, without renouncing their titles as chiefs, the ownership of their lands, the validity of their culture and traditions and on equal terms. The Rapa Nui sold nothing, they were integrated in equal conditions to Chile.<a href="#cite_note-historia-48">[44]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1891_Chilean_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1891 Chilean Civil War">1891 Chilean Civil War</a> brought about a redistribution of power between the President and Congress, and Chile established a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> style democracy. However, the Civil War had also been a contest between those who favored the development of local industries and powerful Chilean banking interests, particularly the House of Edwards which had strong ties to foreign investors. Soon after, the country engaged in a <a href="/wiki/Argentine%E2%80%93Chilean_naval_arms_race" title="Argentine–Chilean naval arms race">vastly expensive naval arms race</a> with <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> that nearly led to war, as well because of the <a href="/wiki/Puna_de_Atacama_dispute" title="Puna de Atacama dispute">Puna de Atacama dispute</a>. After the War of the Pacific, Chile became a Naval Power in the Americas, even sending a ship in protests in the <a href="/wiki/Panama_crisis_of_1885" title="Panama crisis of 1885">Panama crisis of 1885</a> against the United States intervention in the then Colombian territory. The United States and Chile had the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_crisis" title="Baltimore crisis">Baltimore crisis</a> which almost became a war as Chile was a potential threat to the intentions of hegemony from the United States in the Western Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-sater-49">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Era_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Era in Chile">Parliamentary Era in Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1960 Valdivia earthquake">1960 Valdivia earthquake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_American_dreadnought_race" title="South American dreadnought race">South American dreadnought race</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg/220px-Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg/330px-Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg/440px-Chilean_battleship_Almirante_Latorre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3612" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption>Chile's Almirante Latorre <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">dreadnought</a> in 1921</figcaption></figure> In 1902 Chile and Argentina received the result from the <a href="/wiki/1902_Arbitral_award_of_the_Andes_between_Argentina_and_Chile" title="1902 Arbitral award of the Andes between Argentina and Chile">arbitral award of the Andes</a> resolved by the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a>. In 1903 the Puna de Atacama dispute was solved. In 1904 Chile and Bolivia signed a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship_(1904)" title="Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1904)">Treaty of Peace and Friendship</a> which clarified the border between both countries. The Chilean economy partially degenerated into a system protecting the interests of a ruling <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchy</a>. By the 1920s, the emerging middle and working classes were powerful enough to elect a reformist president, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alessandri" title="Arturo Alessandri">Arturo Alessandri</a>, whose program was frustrated by a conservative congress. In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> groups with strong popular support arose.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> A military coup led by General <a href="/wiki/Luis_Altamirano" title="Luis Altamirano">Luis Altamirano</a> in 1924 set off a period of political instability that lasted until 1932. Of the ten governments that held power in that period, the longest lasting was that of General <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo" title="Carlos Ibáñez del Campo">Carlos Ibáñez del Campo</a>, who briefly held power in 1925 and then again between 1927 and 1931 in what was a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> dictatorship (although not really comparable in harshness or corruption to the type of military dictatorship that have often bedeviled the rest of Latin America).<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> By relinquishing power to a democratically elected successor, Ibáñez del Campo retained the respect of a large enough segment of the population to remain a viable politician for more than thirty years, in spite of the vague and shifting nature of his ideology. When constitutional rule was restored in 1932, a strong middle-class party, the Radicals, emerged. It became the key force in coalition governments for the next 20 years. During the period of <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical Party (Chile)">Radical Party</a> dominance (1932–52), the state increased its role in the economy. In 1952, voters returned Ibáñez del Campo to office for another six years. <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Alessandri" title="Jorge Alessandri">Jorge Alessandri</a> succeeded Ibáñez del Campo in 1958, bringing Chilean conservatism back into power democratically for another term. The <a href="/wiki/1964_Chilean_presidential_election" title="1964 Chilean presidential election">1964 presidential election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democrat Party of Chile">Christian Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Eduardo Frei Montalva">Eduardo Frei Montalva</a> by an <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">absolute majority</a> initiated a period of major reform. Under the slogan "Revolution in Liberty", the Frei administration embarked on far-reaching social and economic programs, particularly in education, housing, and <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_reform" title="Agrarian reform">agrarian reform</a>, including rural unionization of agricultural workers. By 1967, however, Frei encountered increasing opposition from leftists, who charged that his reforms were inadequate, and from conservatives, who found them excessive. At the end of his term, Frei had not fully achieved his party's ambitious goals.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg/170px-Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg/255px-Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Salvador_Allende_Gossens-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></figcaption></figure> In the 1970 election, Senator <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Chile" title="Socialist Party of Chile">Socialist Party of Chile</a> (then part of the "<a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Popular Unity</a>" coalition which included the Communists, Radicals, Social-Democrats, dissident Christian Democrats, the Popular Unitary Action Movement, and the Independent Popular Action),<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> achieved a partial majority in a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of votes in a three-way contest, followed by candidates Radomiro Tomic for the Christian Democrat Party and Jorge Alessandri for the Conservative Party. Allende was not elected with an absolute majority, receiving fewer than 35% of the votes. The <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chilean Congress</a> conducted a runoff vote between the leading candidates, Allende and former president Jorge Alessandri, and, keeping with tradition, chose Allende by a vote of 153 to 35. Frei refused to form an alliance with Alessandri to oppose Allende, on the grounds that the Christian Democrats were a workers' party and could not make common cause with the right wing.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">economic depression</a> that began in 1972 was exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">capital flight</a>, plummeting private investment, and withdrawal of bank deposits in response to Allende's socialist program. Production fell and unemployment rose. Allende adopted measures including price freezes, wage increases, and tax reforms, to increase consumer spending and redistribute income downward.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> Joint public-private <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> projects helped reduce unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-De_Vylder-55">[51]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Much of the banking sector was <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalized</a>. Many enterprises within the <a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">copper</a>, coal, iron, <a href="/wiki/Caliche_(mineral)#Chilean_caliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliche (mineral)">nitrate</a>, and steel industries were <a href="/wiki/Nationalization#Expropriation" title="Nationalization">expropriated</a>, nationalized, or subjected to state intervention. Industrial output increased sharply and unemployment fell during the Allende administration's first year.<a href="#cite_note-De_Vylder-55">[51]</a> Allende's program included advancement of workers' interests,<a href="#cite_note-De_Vylder-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> replacing the judicial system with "socialist legality",<a href="#cite_note-friedman368-57">[53]</a> nationalization of banks and forcing others to bankruptcy,<a href="#cite_note-friedman368-57">[53]</a> and strengthening "popular militias" known as MIR.<a href="#cite_note-friedman368-57">[53]</a> Started under former President Frei, the Popular Unity platform also called for nationalization of Chile's major copper mines in the form of a constitutional amendment. The measure was passed unanimously by Congress. As a result,<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> administration <a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile" title="United States intervention in Chile">organized and inserted secret operatives</a> in Chile, in order to swiftly destabilize Allende's government.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> In addition, US financial pressure restricted international economic credit to Chile.<a href="#cite_note-fas.org-60">[56]</a> The economic problems were also exacerbated by Allende's public spending, financed mostly through printing money, and by poor credit ratings given by commercial banks.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> Simultaneously, opposition media, politicians, business guilds and other organizations helped to accelerate a campaign of domestic political and economical destabilization, some of which was backed by the United States.<a href="#cite_note-fas.org-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> By early 1973, inflation was out of control. On 26 May 1973, Chile's Supreme Court, which was opposed to Allende's government, unanimously denounced Allende's disruption of the legality of the nation. Although illegal under the Chilean constitution, the court supported and strengthened Pinochet's soon-to-be seizure of power.<a href="#cite_note-friedman368-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pinochet_era_(1973–1990)">Pinochet era (1973–1990)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_government_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military government of Chile (1973–90)">Military government of Chile (1973–90)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_Chile" title="Miracle of Chile">Miracle of Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beagle_conflict" title="Beagle conflict">Beagle conflict</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/220px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/330px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/440px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter jets</a> bombing the Presidential Palace of La Moneda during the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_coup_of_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean coup of 1973">Chilean coup of 1973</a></figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Chilean_coup_of_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean coup of 1973">military coup</a> overthrew Allende on 11 September 1973. As the armed forces bombarded the <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">presidential palace</a>, Allende apparently committed suicide.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> After the coup, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> told <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> that the United States had "helped" the coup.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> In 1970, when Allende was first elected, Henry Kissinger had stated "I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go Communist due to the irresponsibility of its own people".<a href="#cite_note-k745-67">[63]</a> A military junta, led by General <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, took control of the country. The years of the regime were marked by <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_Pinochet%27s_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile">human rights violations</a>. Chile actively participated in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> In October 1973, at least 72 people were murdered by the <a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Death" title="Caravan of Death">Caravan of Death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Rettig_Report" title="Rettig Report">Rettig Report</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valech_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Valech Commission">Valech Commission</a>, at least 2,115 were killed,<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> and at least 27,265<a href="#cite_note-sintesis-71">[67]</a> were tortured (including 88 children younger than 12 years old).<a href="#cite_note-sintesis-71">[67]</a> In 2011, Chile recognized an additional 9,800 victims, bringing the total number of killed, tortured or imprisoned for political reasons to 40,018.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> At the national stadium, filled with detainees, one of those tortured and killed was internationally known poet-singer <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Jara" title="Víctor Jara">Víctor Jara</a> (see "Music and Dance", below). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg/170px-Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg/255px-Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg/340px-Augusto_Pinochet_foto_oficial_coloreada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></figcaption></figure> A new Constitution was approved by a controversial <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> on 11 September 1980, and General Pinochet became president of the republic for an eight-year term. After Pinochet obtained rule of the country, several hundred committed Chilean revolutionaries joined the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinista">Sandinista</a> army in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, guerrilla forces in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> or training camps in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> In the late 1980s, largely as a result of events such as the 1982 economic collapse<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> and mass <a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">civil resistance</a> in 1983–88, the government gradually permitted greater freedom of assembly, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">speech</a>, and association, to include trade union and political activity.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> The government launched market-oriented reforms with <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_B%C3%BCchi" title="Hernán Büchi">Hernán Büchi</a> as Minister of Finance. Chile moved toward a <a href="/wiki/Free_market_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Free market economy">free market economy</a> that saw an increase in domestic and foreign private investment, although the <a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">copper</a> industry and other important mineral resources were not opened to competition. In a <a href="/wiki/1988_Chilean_national_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Chilean national plebiscite">plebiscite</a> on 5 October 1988, Pinochet was denied a second eight-year term as president (56% against 44%). Chileans elected a new president and the majority of members of a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> congress on 14 December 1989. Christian Democrat <a href="/wiki/Patricio_Aylwin" title="Patricio Aylwin">Patricio Aylwin</a>, the candidate of a coalition of 17 political parties called the <a href="/wiki/Concertaci%C3%B3n" title="Concertación">Concertación</a>, received an absolute majority of votes (55%).<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> President Aylwin served from 1990 to 1994, in what was considered a transition period. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Chilean protests">2019–20 Chilean protests</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg/220px-Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg/330px-Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg/440px-Izamiento_de_la_Gran_Bandera_Nacional_-_Presidentes_de_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>Five presidents of Chile since <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a> (1990–2022), celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_of_Chile" title="Bicentennial of Chile">Bicentennial of Chile</a></figcaption></figure> In December 1993, Christian Democrat <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Ruiz-Tagle" title="Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle">Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle</a>, the son of previous president Eduardo Frei Montalva, led the Concertación coalition to victory with an absolute majority of votes (58%).<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Frei Ruiz-Tagle was succeeded in 2000 by Socialist <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a>, who won the presidency in an unprecedented <a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Chilean_presidential_election" title="1999–2000 Chilean presidential election">runoff election</a> against <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Lav%C3%ADn" title="Joaquín Lavín">Joaquín Lavín</a> of the rightist <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Chile">Alliance for Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> In January 2006, Chileans elected their first female president, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet_Jeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelle Bachelet Jeria">Michelle Bachelet Jeria</a>, of the Socialist Party, defeating <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">National Renewal</a> party, extending the Concertación governance for another four years.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> In January 2010, Chileans <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Chilean_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009–10 Chilean presidential election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a> as the first rightist President in 20 years, defeating former President <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Ruiz-Tagle" title="Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle">Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle</a> of the Concertación, for a four-year term succeeding Bachelet. Due to term limits, <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a> did not stand for re-election in 2013, and his term expired in March 2014 resulting in <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> returning to office.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> Sebastián Piñera succeeded Bachelet again in 2018 as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a> after winning the December 2017 presidential <a href="/wiki/2017_Chilean_general_election" title="2017 Chilean general election">election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> On 27 February 2010, Chile was struck by an 8.8 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Mw</a> <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">earthquake</a>, the fifth largest ever recorded at the time. More than 500 people died (most from the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>) and over a million people lost their homes. The earthquake was also followed by multiple aftershocks.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Initial damage estimates were in the range of US$15–30 billion, around 10% to 15% of Chile's real gross domestic product.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> Chile achieved global recognition for the successful <a href="/wiki/2010_Copiap%C3%B3_mining_accident" title="2010 Copiapó mining accident">rescue of 33 trapped miners</a> in 2010. On 5 August 2010, the access tunnel collapsed at the San José copper and gold mine in the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> near <a href="/wiki/Copiap%C3%B3" title="Copiapó">Copiapó</a> in northern Chile, trapping 33 men 700 meters (2,300 ft) below ground. A rescue effort organized by the Chilean government located the miners 17 days later. All 33 men were brought to the surface two months later on 13 October 2010 over a period of almost 24 hours, an effort that was carried on live television around the world.<a href="#cite_note-usstatedep-86">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg/220px-Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg/330px-Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg/440px-Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">2019–2022 Chilean protests</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Baquedano" title="Plaza Baquedano">Plaza Baquedano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Chilean protests">2019–20 Chilean protests</a> are a series of country-wide protests in response to a rise in the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metro" title="Santiago Metro">Santiago Metro</a>'s subway fare, the increased <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">inequality</a> prevalent in the country.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> On 15 November, most of the political parties represented in the National Congress signed an agreement to call a <a href="/wiki/2020_Chilean_national_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Chilean national referendum">national referendum</a> in April 2020 regarding the creation of a new Constitution, later postponed to October due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> On 25 October 2020, Chileans voted 78.28 per cent in favor of a new constitution, while 21.72 per cent rejected the change. Voter turnout was 51 percent. An <a href="/wiki/2021_Chilean_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election">election</a> for the members of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Chile)" title="Constitutional Convention (Chile)">Constitutional Convention</a> was held in Chile between 15 and 16 May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-postpone-89">[85]</a> On 19 December 2021, a leftist candidate, the 35-year-old former student protest leader <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a>, won Chile's presidential <a href="/wiki/2021_Chilean_general_election" title="2021 Chilean general election">election</a> to become the country's youngest ever leader.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> On 11 March 2022, Boric was sworn in as president to succeed outgoing President Sebastian Piñera.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Out of 24 members of Gabriel Boric's female-majority Cabinet, 14 are women.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> On 4 September 2022, voters rejected the new constitution proposal in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Chilean_constitutional_referendum" title="2022 Chilean constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a>, which was put forward by the left-leaning <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Chile)" title="Constitutional Convention (Chile)">Constitutional Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> On 17 December 2023, voters rejected a second new constitution proposal in a new <a href="/wiki/2023_Chilean_constitutional_referendum" title="2023 Chilean constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a>, written by the conservative-led <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(Chile)" title="Constitutional Council (Chile)">Constitutional Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-96">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Chile" title="Geography of Chile">Geography of Chile</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">Natural regions of Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Chile" title="Environmental issues in Chile">Environmental issues in Chile</a></div> <div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:152px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:150px; position:absolute;"> <a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natural regions of Chile."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/150px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/225px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/300px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="2658" /></a></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> <div id="annotation_70x30" style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:30px; line-height:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Grande" title="Norte Grande">Norte Grande</a></div> <div id="annotation_57x85" style="position:absolute; left:57px; top:85px; line-height:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Chico,_Chile" title="Norte Chico, Chile">Norte Chico</a></div> <div id="annotation_40x130" style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:130px; line-height:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Chile" title="Central Chile">Central Zone</a></div> <div id="annotation_35x175" style="position:absolute; left:35px; top:175px; line-height:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Zona_Sur" title="Zona Sur">Southern Zone</a></div> <div id="annotation_7x295" style="position:absolute; left:7px; top:295px; line-height:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Austral_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Austral Zone">Austral Zone</a></div> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/150px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/225px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg/300px-Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="2658" /></a></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Regions_of_Chile.svg" title="File:Natural Regions of Chile.svg"> </a></div>Natural regions of Chile.</div> </div></div> A long and narrow coastal <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> country on the west side of the <a href="/wiki/Andes_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes Mountains">Andes Mountains</a>, Chile stretches over 4,300 km (2,670 mi) north to south, but only 350 km (217 mi) at its widest point east to west<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> and 64 km (40 mi) at its narrowest point east to west, with an average width of 175 km (109 mi). This encompasses a large variety of climates and landscapes. It contains 756,950 square kilometers (292,260 sq mi) of land area. It is situated within the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Ring of Fire">Pacific Ring of Fire</a>. Excluding its Pacific islands and Antarctic claim, Chile lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/17th_parallel_south" title="17th parallel south">17°</a> and <a href="/wiki/56th_parallel_south" title="56th parallel south">56°S</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/66th_meridian_west" title="66th meridian west">66°</a> and <a href="/wiki/75th_meridian_west" title="75th meridian west">75°W</a>. Chile is among the longest north–south countries in the world. If one considers only mainland territory, Chile is unique within this group in its narrowness from east to west, with the other long north–south countries (including Brazil, Russia, Canada, and the United States, among others) all being wider from east to west by a factor of more than 10. Chile also claims 1,250,000 km2 (480,000 sq mi) of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> as part of its territory (<a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a>). However, this latter claim is suspended under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>, of which Chile is a signatory.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> It is the world's southernmost country that is geographically on the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Chile controls <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sala_y_G%C3%B3mez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sala y Gómez">Sala y Gómez</a> Island, the easternmost islands of Polynesia, which it incorporated to its territory in 1888, and the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a>, more than 600 km (370 mi) from the mainland. Also controlled but only temporarily inhabited (by some local fishermen) are the small islands of <a href="/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">San Ambrosio and San Felix</a>. These islands are notable because they extend Chile's claim to territorial waters out from its coast into the Pacific Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> The northern <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> contains great mineral wealth, primarily <a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">copper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caliche_(mineral)#Chilean_caliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliche (mineral)">nitrates</a>. The relatively small Central Valley, which includes Santiago, dominates the country in terms of population and agricultural resources. This area is also the historical center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it integrated the northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests, grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. The Andes Mountains are located on the eastern border. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_topo_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chile_topo_en.jpg/170px-Chile_topo_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chile_topo_en.jpg/255px-Chile_topo_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chile_topo_en.jpg/340px-Chile_topo_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="2132" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Chile</figcaption></figure> Chile is located along a highly <a href="/wiki/Seismic" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic">seismic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> zone, part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, due to the subduction of the <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Plate">Nazca</a> and Antarctic plates in the <a href="/wiki/South_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="South American Plate">South American Plate</a>. In the late <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a>, 251 million years ago, Chile belonged to the continental block called <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>. It was just a depression that accumulated marine sediments began to rise at the end of the Mesozoic, 66 million years ago, due to the collision between the Nazca Plate and South American Plate, resulting in the Andes. The territory would be shaped over millions of years by the folding of the rocks, forming the current relief. The Chilean relief consists of the central depression, which crosses the country longitudinally, flanked by two mountain ranges that make up about 80% of the territory: the Andes mountains to the east-natural border with <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Region" title="Atacama Region">region of Atacama</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Coast_Range" title="Chilean Coast Range">Coastal Range</a> west-minor height from the Andes. Chile's highest peak is the <a href="/wiki/Nevado_Ojos_del_Salado" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevado Ojos del Salado">Nevado Ojos del Salado</a>, at 6891.3 m, which is also the highest volcano in the world. The highest point of the Coastal Range is Vicuña Mackenna, at 3114 meters, located in the Sierra Vicuña Mackenna, the south of <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Region" title="Antofagasta Region">Antofagasta</a>. Among the coastal mountains and the Pacific is a series of coastal plains, of variable length, which allow the settlement of coastal towns and big ports. Some areas of the plains territories encompass territory east of the Andes, and the Patagonian steppes and Magellan, or are high plateaus surrounded by high mountain ranges, such as the Altiplano or Puna de Atacama. The <a href="/wiki/Far_North,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Far North, Chile">Far North</a> is the area between the northern boundary of the country and the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">parallel</a> 26° S, covering the first three regions. It is characterized by the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Atacama desert">Atacama desert</a>, the most arid in the world. The desert is fragmented by streams that originate in the area known as the <a href="/wiki/Pampa_del_Tamarugal" title="Pampa del Tamarugal">pampas Tamarugal</a>. The Andes, split in two and whose eastern arm runs through <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, has a high altitude and volcanic activity, which has allowed the formation of the Andean altiplano and salt structures as the <a href="/wiki/Salar_de_Atacama" title="Salar de Atacama">Salar de Atacama</a>, due to the gradual accumulation of sediments over time. To the south is the <a href="/wiki/Norte_Chico,_Chile" title="Norte Chico, Chile">Norte Chico</a>, extending to the <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua_River" title="Aconcagua River">Aconcagua river</a>. Los Andes begin to decrease its altitude to the south and closer to the coast, reaching 90 km away at the height of <a href="/wiki/Illapel" title="Illapel">Illapel</a>, the narrowest part of the Chilean territory. The two mountain ranges intersect, virtually eliminating the intermediate depression. The existence of rivers flowing through the territory allows the formation of <a href="/wiki/Transverse_Valleys" title="Transverse Valleys">transverse valleys</a>, where agriculture has developed strongly in recent times, while the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal plains">coastal plains</a> begin to expand. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amalia_Glacier_(47461801572).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg/220px-Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg/330px-Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg/440px-Amalia_Glacier_%2847461801572%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amalia_Glacier" title="Amalia Glacier">Amalia Glacier</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins_National_Park" title="Bernardo O'Higgins National Park">Bernardo O'Higgins National Park</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Zona_Central,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona Central, Chile">Central</a> area is the most populated region of the country. The coastal plains are wide and allow the establishment of cities and ports along the Pacific. The Andes maintain altitudes above 6000m but descend slowly in height to 4000 meters on average. The intermediate depression reappears becoming a fertile valley that allows agricultural development and human settlement, due to sediment accumulation. To the south, the Cordillera de la Costa reappears in the <a href="/wiki/Nahuelbuta_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahuelbuta Range">range of Nahuelbuta</a> while glacial sediments create a series of lakes in the area of <a href="/wiki/La_Frontera,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="La Frontera, Chile">La Frontera</a>. Patagonia extends from within Reloncavi, at the height of parallel 41°S, to the south. During the <a href="/wiki/Llanquihue_glaciation" title="Llanquihue glaciation">last glaciation</a>, this area was covered by ice that strongly eroded Chilean relief structures. As a result, the intermediate depression sinks in the sea, while the coastal mountains rise to a series of archipelagos, such as <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chonos_Archipelago" title="Chonos Archipelago">Chonos</a>, disappearing in Taitao peninsula, in the parallel 47°S. The Andes mountain range loses height and erosion caused by the action of glaciers has caused <a href="/wiki/Fjords" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjords">fjords</a>. East of the Andes, on the continent, or north of it, on the <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_(main_island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra del Fuego (main island)">island of Tierra del Fuego</a> are located relatively flat plains, which in the Strait of Magellan cover large areas. The Andes, as he had done previously Cordillera de la Costa, begins to break in the ocean causing a myriad of islands and islets and disappear into it, sinking and reappearing in the Southern Antilles arc and then the Antarctic Peninsula, where it is called Antartandes, in the Chilean Antarctic Territory, lying between the meridians 53°W and 90°W. In the middle of the Pacific, the country has sovereignty over several islands of volcanic origin, collectively known as Insular Chile. The archipelago of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island is located in the fracture zone between the Nazca plate and the Pacific plate known as East Pacific Rise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_and_hydrography">Climate and hydrography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_types_in_Chile.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption>Chile map of Köppen climate classification.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">Climate of Chile</a></div> The diverse <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">climate of Chile</a> ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a>—through a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> in the center, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical</a> in Easter Island,<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> to an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine tundra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glaciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciers">glaciers</a> in the east and south.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Chile-20">[16]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen system</a>, Chile within its borders hosts at least eighteen major climatic subtypes.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> There are four seasons in most of the country: summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November). Due to the characteristics of the territory, Chile is crossed by numerous rivers generally short in length and with low flow rates. They commonly extend from the <a href="/wiki/Andes_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes Mountains">Andes</a> to the Pacific Ocean, flowing from East to West. Because of the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Atacama desert">Atacama desert</a>, in the Norte Grande there are only short <a href="/wiki/Endorheic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endorheic">endorheic</a> character streams, except for the <a href="/wiki/Loa_River" title="Loa River">Loa River</a>, the longest in the country 440 km.<a href="#cite_note-hydr-103">[99]</a> In the high valleys, wetland areas generate <a href="/wiki/Chungar%C3%A1_Lake" title="Chungará Lake">Chungará Lake</a>, located at 4500 meters above sea level. It and the <a href="/wiki/Lauca_River" title="Lauca River">Lauca River</a> are shared with <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Lluta_River" title="Lluta River">Lluta River</a>. In the center-north of the country, the number of rivers that form valleys of agricultural importance increases. Noteworthy are the Elqui with 75 km<a href="#cite_note-hydr-103">[99]</a> long, 142 km Aconcagua, Maipo with 250 km<a href="#cite_note-hydr-103">[99]</a> and its tributary, the Mapocho with 110 km, and Maule with 240 km. Their waters mainly flow from Andean snowmelt in the summer and winter rains. The major lakes in this area are the artificial lake Rapel, the Colbun Maule lagoon and the lagoon of La Laja. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Chile" title="Wildlife of Chile">Wildlife of Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg/220px-Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg/330px-Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg/440px-Araucaria_araucana_-_Parque_Nacional_Conguill%C3%ADo_por_lautaroj_-_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Araucaria araucana</a> trees in Conguillío National Park.</figcaption></figure> The flora and fauna of Chile are characterized by a high degree of endemism, due to its particular geography. In continental Chile, the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Andes_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes Mountains">Andes mountains</a> to the east are barriers that have led to the isolation of flora and fauna. Add to that the enormous length of Chile (over 4,300 km (2,672 mi)) and this results in a wide range of climates and environments that can be divided into three general zones: the desert provinces of the north, central Chile, and the humid regions of the south. The native flora of Chile consists of relatively fewer species compared to the flora of other South American countries. The northernmost coastal and central region is largely barren of vegetation, approaching the most absolute desert in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Icarito-104">[100]</a> On the slopes of the Andes, in addition to the scattered tola desert brush, grasses are found. The central valley is characterized by several species of cacti, the hardy <a href="/wiki/Acacia_caven" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia caven">espinos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Chilean pine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nothofagus" title="Nothofagus">southern beeches</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Copihue" class="mw-redirect" title="Copihue">copihue</a>, a red bell-shaped flower that is Chile's national flower.<a href="#cite_note-Icarito-104">[100]</a> In southern Chile, south of the Biobío River, heavy precipitation has produced dense forests of laurels, magnolias, and various species of conifers and beeches, which become smaller and more stunted to the south.<a href="#cite_note-Bio&Con-105">[101]</a> The cold temperatures and winds of the extreme south preclude heavy forestation. Grassland is found in East <a href="/wiki/Magallanes_Province" title="Magallanes Province">Magallanes Province</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_Province,_Chile" title="Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile">Tierra del Fuego</a> (in Patagonia). Much of the Chilean flora is distinct from that of neighboring Argentina, indicating that the Andean barrier existed during its formation.<a href="#cite_note-Bio&Con-105">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peruan_Condor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Peruan_Condor.jpg/220px-Peruan_Condor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Peruan_Condor.jpg/330px-Peruan_Condor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Peruan_Condor.jpg/440px-Peruan_Condor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andean_condor" title="Andean condor">Andean condor</a> (Vultur gryphus), the national bird of Chile.</figcaption></figure> Some of Chile's flora has an Antarctic origin due to <a href="/wiki/Land_bridge" title="Land bridge">land bridges</a> which formed during the Cretaceous ice ages, allowing plants to migrate from Antarctica to South America.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> Chile had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 7.37/10, ranking it 43rd globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-107">[103]</a> Just over 3,000 species of fungi are recorded in Chile,<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> but this number is far from complete. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Chile is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7 percent of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Chile, and 1995 species have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the country.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> Chile's geographical isolation has restricted the immigration of faunal life so that only a few of the many distinctive South American animals are found. Among the larger mammals are the <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">puma</a> or cougar, the llama-like <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanaco</a> and the fox-like <a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">chilla</a>. In the forest region, several types of marsupials and a small deer known as the <a href="/wiki/Pud%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudú">pudu</a> are found.<a href="#cite_note-Icarito-104">[100]</a> There are many species of small birds, but most of the larger common Latin American types are absent. Few freshwater fish are native, but North American trout have been successfully introduced into the Andean lakes.<a href="#cite_note-Icarito-104">[100]</a> Owing to the vicinity of the Humboldt Current, ocean waters abound with fish and other forms of marine life, which in turn support a rich variety of waterfowl, including several penguins. Whales are abundant, and some six species of seals are found in the area.<a href="#cite_note-Icarito-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Politics of Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Chile" title="Law of Chile">Law of Chile</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">List of cities in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_(49033259257).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg/220px-Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg/330px-Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg/440px-Chile-02559_-_La_Moneda_Presidential_Palace_%2849033259257%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Colonial Neoclassical <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_La_Moneda" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de La Moneda">Palacio de La Moneda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, built between 1784 and 1805, is the seat of the President of Chile.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg/220px-Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg/330px-Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg/440px-Congreso_Nacional_Valpo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress of Chile</a> in the port city of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg/220px-2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg/330px-2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg/440px-2017_Santiago_de_Chile_-_Edificio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5017" data-file-height="3763" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia_de_Santiago" title="Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia de Santiago">Palace of Justice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></figcaption></figure> The current <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Constitution of Chile</a> was drafted by <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Jaime Guzmán">Jaime Guzmán</a> in 1980<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> and subsequently approved via a national <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a>—regarded as "highly irregular" by some observers<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a>—in September of that year, under the military dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>. It entered into force in March 1981. After Pinochet's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Chilean_national_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Chilean national plebiscite">1988 plebiscite</a>, the constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution. In September 2005, President <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a> signed into law several constitutional amendments passed by Congress. These include eliminating the positions of appointed senators and <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Senators for life">senators for life</a>, granting the President authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces, and reducing the presidential term from six to four years.<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> Chile's judiciary is independent and includes a court of appeal, a system of military courts, a constitutional tribunal, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court of Chile</a>. In June 2005, Chile completed a nationwide overhaul of its criminal justice system.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> The reform has replaced inquisitorial proceedings with an adversarial system with greater similarity to that of common law jurisdictions such as the United States. For parliamentary elections, between 1989 and 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Binominal_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Binominal System">binominal system</a> was used, which promoted the establishment of two majority political blocs -<a href="/wiki/Concertaci%C3%B3n" title="Concertación">Concertación</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_(Chile)" title="Alliance (Chile)">Alliance</a>- at the expense of the exclusion of non-majority political groups. The opponents of this system approved in 2015 a moderate <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">proportional electoral system</a> that has been in force since the 2017 parliamentary elections, allowing the entry of new parties and coalitions. The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Chile">Congress of Chile</a> has a 50-seat <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate</a> and a 155-member <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chamber of Deputies</a>. Senators serve for eight years with staggered terms, while deputies are elected every 4 years. The last congressional elections were held on 21 November 2021, concurrently with the presidential election. The Congress is located in the port city of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, about 140 kilometers (90 miles) west of the capital, Santiago. The main existing political coalitions in Chile are: Government: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apruebo_Dignidad" title="Apruebo Dignidad">Apruebo Dignidad</a> (Approve Dignity) is a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> coalition that has its origin in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Chilean_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election">2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election</a>. After the success in that election, it held presidential primaries, in which <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Convergence" title="Social Convergence">CS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_coalition)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political coalition)">FA</a>) was the winner. It is formed by the coalition <a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_coalition)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political coalition)">Frente Amplio</a> (Broad Front) and the coalition <a href="/wiki/Chile_Digno" title="Chile Digno">Chile Digno</a> (Worthy Chile) formed by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Chile" title="Communist Party of Chile">Communist Party of Chile</a> and other left-wing parties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialism_(Chile)" title="Democratic Socialism (Chile)">Democratic Socialism</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">center-left</a> coalition, successor of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Unity" title="Constituent Unity">Constituent Unity</a> coalition, itself a successor of the <a href="/wiki/Concertaci%C3%B3n" title="Concertación">Concertation</a> coalition – which supported the "NO" option in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Chilean_national_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Chilean national plebiscite">1988 plebiscite</a> and subsequently governed the country from 1990 to 2010. This pact is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Chile" title="Socialist Party of Chile">Socialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Party for Democracy (Chile)">for Democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile_(2018)" title="Radical Party of Chile (2018)">Radical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Chile_(2013)" title="Liberal Party of Chile (2013)">Liberal</a> parties.</li></ul> Opposition: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile_Vamos" title="Chile Vamos">Chile Vamos</a> (Let's go Chile) is a <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">center-right</a> coalition with roots of liberal conservatism, formed by the parties <a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">Renovación Nacional</a> (National Renewal), <a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Union" title="Independent Democratic Union">Unión Demócrata Independiente</a> (Independent Democratic Union) and <a href="/wiki/Ev%C3%B3poli" title="Evópoli">Evópoli</a>. It has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_(Chile)" title="Alliance (Chile)">Alliance</a> coalition, formed by the main parties that supported the "YES" option in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Chilean_national_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Chilean national plebiscite">1988 plebiscite</a>, although it has used different names since then. It was the ruling coalition during the first and second government of <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>, (2010–2014) and (2018–2022).</li></ul> In the National Congress, Chile Vamos has 52 deputies and 24 senators, while the parliamentary group of Apruebo Dignidad is formed by 37 deputies and 6 senators. Democratic Socialism is the third political force with 30 deputies and 13 senators. The other groups with parliamentary representation are the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Chile,_2019)" title="Republican Party (Chile, 2019)">Republican Party</a> (15 deputies and 1 senator), the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Chile)">Christian Democratic Party</a> (8 deputies and 5 senators), the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_People_(Chile)" title="Party of the People (Chile)">Party of the People</a> (8 deputies) and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independents</a> outside of a coalition (5 deputies and 1 senator). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chile" title="Foreign relations of Chile">Foreign relations of Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg/330px-Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg/495px-Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg/660px-Foreign_relations_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>State of Chile's international relations in the world: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Chile</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Country with diplomatic relations and Chilean embassy in the country.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Country with diplomatic relations and an embassy in Chile, but no Chilean embassy.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Country with diplomatic relations but without ambassadors.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Country with no diplomatic relations currently.</div> </figcaption></figure> Since the early decades after independence, Chile has always had an active involvement in foreign affairs. In 1837, the country aggressively challenged the dominance of Peru's port of <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a> for preeminence in the Pacific trade routes, defeating the short-lived alliance between Peru and Bolivia, the <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation" title="Peru–Bolivian Confederation">Peru–Bolivian Confederation</a> (1836–39) in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a>. The war dissolved the confederation while distributing power in the Pacific. A second international war, the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a> (1879–83), further increased Chile's regional role, while adding considerably to its territory.<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> During the 19th century, Chile's commercial ties were primarily with Britain, a nation that had a major influence on the formation of the Chilean navy. The French, influenced Chile's legal and educational systems and had a decisive impact on Chile, through the architecture of the capital in the boom years at the turn of the 20th century. German influence came from the organization and training of the army by <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> On 26 June 1945, Chile participated as a founding member of the United Nations being among 50 countries that signed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> in San Francisco, California.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> With the military coup of 1973, Chile became isolated politically as a result of widespread human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-hudson-27">[23]</a> Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the international political arena. Chile completed a two-year non-permanent position on the UN Security Council in January 2005. Jose Miguel Insulza, a Chilean national, was elected Secretary General of the Organization of American States in May 2005 and confirmed in his position, being re-elected in 2009. Chile is currently serving on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors, and the 2007–2008 chair of the board is Chile's ambassador to the IAEA, Milenko E. Skoknic. The country is an active member of the UN family of agencies and participates in UN peacekeeping activities. It was <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council#Members" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">re-elected</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a> in 2011 for a three-year term.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> It was also <a href="/wiki/2013_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2013 United Nations Security Council election">elected</a> to one of five non-permanent seats on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Chile hosted the Defense Ministerial of the Americas in 2002 and the APEC summit and related meetings in 2004. It also hosted the Community of Democracies ministerial in April 2005 and the Ibero-American Summit in November 2007. An associate member of Mercosur and a full member of APEC, Chile has been a major player in international economic issues and hemispheric free trade.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Military of Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_(FF-15).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg/220px-Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg/330px-Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg/440px-Almirante_Blanco_Encalada_%28FF-15%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karel_Doorman-class_frigate" title="Karel Doorman-class frigate">Karel Doorman-class frigate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg/220px-Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg/330px-Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg/440px-Chilean_F-16_MLU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chilean Air Force</a></figcaption></figure> The Armed Forces of Chile are subject to civilian control exercised by the president through the Minister of Defense. The president has the authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> The commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Army" title="Chilean Army">Chilean Army</a> is <a href="/wiki/Army_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General">Army General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Mart%C3%ADnez_Menanteau" title="Ricardo Martínez Menanteau">Ricardo Martínez Menanteau</a>. The Chilean Army is 45,000 strong and is organized with an Army headquarters in Santiago, six divisions throughout its territory, an Air Brigade in <a href="/wiki/Rancagua" title="Rancagua">Rancagua</a>, and a Special Forces Command in <a href="/wiki/Colina,_Chile" title="Colina, Chile">Colina</a>. The Chilean Army is one of the most professional and technologically advanced armies in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Julio_Leiva_Molina" title="Julio Leiva Molina">Julio Leiva Molina</a> directs the around 25,000-person <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> including 2,500 Marines. Of the fleet of 29 surface vessels, only eight are operational major combatants (frigates). Those ships are based in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> The Navy operates its own aircraft for transport and patrol; there are no Navy fighter or bomber aircraft. The Navy also operates four submarines based in <a href="/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> Air Force General (four-star) Jorge Rojas Ávila heads the 12,500-strong <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chilean Air Force</a>. Air assets are distributed among five air brigades headquartered in Iquique, Antofagasta, Santiago, Puerto Montt, and Punta Arenas. The Air Force also operates <a href="/wiki/Base_Presidente_Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva">an airbase</a> on <a href="/wiki/King_George_Island_(South_Shetland_Islands)" title="King George Island (South Shetland Islands)">King George Island</a>, Antarctica. The Air Force took delivery of the final two of ten F-16s, all purchased from the U.S., in March 2007 after several decades of U.S. debate and previous refusal to sell. Chile also took delivery in 2007 of a number of reconditioned Block 15 F-16s from the Netherlands, bringing to 18 the total of F-16s purchased from the Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> After the military coup in September 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Chilean national police</a> (Carabineros) were incorporated into the Defense Ministry. With the return of democratic government, the police were placed under the operational control of the Interior Ministry but remained under the nominal control of the Defense Ministry. Gen. Gustavo González Jure is the head of the national police force of 40,964<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> men and women who are responsible for law enforcement, traffic management, narcotics suppression, border control, and counter-terrorism throughout Chile.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> In 2017, Chile signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> Chile is the 64th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Chile" title="Administrative divisions of Chile">Administrative divisions of Chile</a></div> In 1978 Chile was administratively divided into <a href="/wiki/Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions">regions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dl2339-125">[121]</a> and in 1979 subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">provinces</a> and these into communes.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> The country has <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">16 regions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-l20174-128">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-l20175-129">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">56 provinces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Chile" title="Communes of Chile">348 communes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> Each region was designated by a name and a <a href="/wiki/Roman_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman numeral">Roman numeral</a> assigned from north to south, except for the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago Metropolitan Region</a>, which did not have a number. The creation of two new regions in 2007, Arica and Parinacota (XV) and Los Ríos (XIV), and a third region in 2018, Ñuble (XVI) made this numbering lose its original order meaning. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_(%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands),_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg/330px-Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg/495px-Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg/660px-Chile_%28%2BAntarctica_%26_Islands%29%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="2685" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Regions of Chile</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable col1izq col2izq col3der col4der col5der col6izq floatcenter"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7">Administrative divisions of Chile </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Region<a href="#cite_note-dl2339-125">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-l20174-128">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-l20175-129">[125]</a> </th> <th scope="col">Population<a href="#cite_note-population-13">[10]</a> </th> <th scope="col">Area (km2)<a href="#cite_note-ce2006-2">[2]</a> </th> <th scope="col">Density </th> <th scope="col">Capital </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arica_y_Parinacota_Region" title="Arica y Parinacota Region">Arica y Parinacota</a></td> <td>224 548</td> <td>16 873,3</td> <td>13,40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarapac%C3%A1_Region" title="Tarapacá Region">Tarapacá</a></td> <td>324 930</td> <td>42 225,8</td> <td>7,83</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Region" title="Antofagasta Region">Antofagasta</a></td> <td>599 335</td> <td>126 049,1</td> <td>4,82</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atacama_Region" title="Atacama Region">Atacama</a></td> <td>285 363</td> <td>75 176,2</td> <td>3,81</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copiap%C3%B3" title="Copiapó">Copiapó</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coquimbo_Region" title="Coquimbo Region">Coquimbo</a></td> <td>742 178</td> <td>40 579,9</td> <td>18,67</td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Serena_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Serena (Chile)">La Serena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso</a></td> <td>1 790 219</td> <td>16 396,1</td> <td>110,75</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago Metropolitan</a></td> <td>7 036 792</td> <td>15 403,2</td> <td>461,77</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O'Higgins Region">Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins</a></td> <td>908 545</td> <td>16 387</td> <td>54,96</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rancagua" title="Rancagua">Rancagua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule</a></td> <td>1 033 197</td> <td>30 296,1</td> <td>34,49</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%91uble_Region" title="Ñuble Region">Ñuble</a></td> <td>480 609</td> <td>13 178.5</td> <td>36.47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bio_B%C3%ADo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bio Bío Region">Biobío</a></td> <td>1 556 805</td> <td>23 890,2</td> <td>112,08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepción (Chile)">Concepción</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía</a></td> <td>938 626</td> <td>31 842,3</td> <td>30,06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_R%C3%ADos_Region" title="Los Ríos Region">Los Ríos</a></td> <td>380 181</td> <td>18 429,5</td> <td>20,88</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Lagos_Region" title="Los Lagos Region">Los Lagos</a></td> <td>823 204</td> <td>48 583,6</td> <td>17,06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ays%C3%A9n_Region" title="Aysén Region">Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo</a></td> <td>102 317</td> <td>108 494,4</td> <td>0,95</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coyhaique" title="Coyhaique">Coyhaique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magallanes_Region" title="Magallanes Region">Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica</a></td> <td>165 593</td> <td>132 297,2(1)</td> <td>1,26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="1">Chile</th> <th>17 373 831</th> <th>756 102,4(2)</th> <th>23,24</th> <th>Santiago </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"> <dl><dd>(1) Including the Chilean Antarctic Territory, its surface reaches 1 382 554,8 km2</dd> <dd>(2) Including the Chilean Antarctic Territory, its surface reaches 2 006 360 km2</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_symbols">National symbols</h3></div> The national flower is the <a href="/wiki/Copihue" class="mw-redirect" title="Copihue">copihue</a> (Lapageria rosea, Chilean <a href="/wiki/Campanula" title="Campanula">bellflower</a>), which grows in the woods of southern Chile. The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile" title="Coat of arms of Chile">coat of arms</a> depicts the two national animals: the <a href="/wiki/Condor" title="Condor">condor</a> (Vultur gryphus, a very large bird that lives in the mountains) and the <a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">huemul</a> (Hippocamelus bisulcus, an endangered white tail deer). It also has the legend Por la razón o la fuerza (By reason or by force). The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chile" title="Flag of Chile">flag of Chile</a> consists of two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence. The flag of Chile is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Texas" title="Flag of Texas">Flag of Texas</a>, although the Chilean flag is 21 years older. However, like the Texan flag, the flag of Chile is modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Economy of Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolsa_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bolsa_2.JPG/220px-Bolsa_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bolsa_2.JPG/330px-Bolsa_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bolsa_2.JPG/440px-Bolsa_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="907" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Santiago Stock Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Chile" title="Central Bank of Chile">Central Bank of Chile</a> in Santiago serves as the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> for the country. The Chilean currency is the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a> (CLP). Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations,<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Chile-20">[16]</a> leading Latin American nations in <a href="/wiki/Human_development_(humanity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development (humanity)">human development</a>, competitiveness, globalization, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption.<a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-21">[17]</a> Since July 2013, Chile is considered by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> as a "<a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-wb-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank-2013a-133">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank-2013b-134">[130]</a> The think tank <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> states that Chile has the highest degree of <a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">economic freedom</a> in South America (ranking 22nd worldwide), owing to its independent and efficient judicial system and prudent public finance management.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> In May 2010 Chile became the first South American country to join the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> In 2006, Chile became the country with the highest nominal GDP per capita in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> As of 2020, Chile ranks third in Latin America (behind Uruguay and Panama) in nominal GDP per capita. Copper mining makes up 20% of Chilean GDP and 60% of exports.<a href="#cite_note-coppersol-138">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Escondida" title="Escondida">Escondida</a> is the largest copper mine in the world, producing over 5% of global supplies.<a href="#cite_note-coppersol-138">[134]</a> Overall, Chile produces a third of the world's copper.<a href="#cite_note-coppersol-138">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Codelco" title="Codelco">Codelco</a>, the state mining firm, competes with private copper mining companies.<a href="#cite_note-coppersol-138">[134]</a> Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady economic growth in Chile and have more than halved poverty rates.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Chile began to experience a moderate economic downturn in 1999. The economy remained sluggish until 2003, when it began to show clear signs of recovery, achieving 4.0% GDP growth.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> The Chilean economy finished 2004 with growth of 6%. Real GDP growth reached 5.7% in 2005 before falling back to 4% in 2006. GDP expanded by 5% in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Faced with the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> the government announced an economic stimulus plan to spur employment and growth, and despite the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, aimed for an expansion of between 2% and 3% of GDP for 2009. Nonetheless, economic analysts disagreed with government estimates and predicted economic growth at a median of 1.5%.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Real GDP growth in 2012 was 5.5%. Growth slowed to 4.1% in the first quarter of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-imfartiv-142">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_Torre_Santiago_(39693576311)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg/170px-Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg/255px-Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg/340px-Gran_Torre_Santiago_%2839693576311%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gran_Torre_Costanera" title="Gran Torre Costanera">Gran Torre Costanera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titanium_La_Portada" title="Titanium La Portada">Titanium La Portada</a> (background) skyscrapers in <a href="/wiki/Sanhattan" title="Sanhattan">Sanhattan</a></figcaption></figure> The unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2022, according to <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">The World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> There are reported labor shortages in agriculture, mining, and construction.<a href="#cite_note-imfartiv-142">[138]</a> The percentage of Chileans with per capita household incomes below the poverty line—defined as twice the cost of satisfying a person's minimal nutritional needs—fell from 45.1% in 1987 to 11.5% in 2009, according to government surveys.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> Critics in Chile, however, argue that true poverty figures are considerably higher than those officially published.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Using the relative yardstick favoured in many European countries, 27% of Chileans would be poor, according to Juan Carlos Feres of the <a href="/wiki/ECLAC" class="mw-redirect" title="ECLAC">ECLAC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> As of November 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chile&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 11.1 million people (64% of the population) benefit from government welfare programs,<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] via the "Social Protection Card", which includes the population living in poverty and those at a risk of falling into poverty.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chile_pension_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile pension system">The privatized national pension system</a> (AFP) has encouraged domestic investment and contributed to an estimated total domestic savings rate of approximately 21% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> Under the compulsory private pension system, most formal sector employees pay 10% of their salaries into privately managed funds.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Chile has signed <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade agreements">free trade agreements</a> (FTAs) with a whole network of countries, including an FTA with the United States that was signed in 2003 and implemented in January 2004.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> Internal Government of Chile figures show that even when factoring out inflation and the recent high price of copper, bilateral trade between the U.S. and Chile has grown over 60% since then.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Chile's total trade with China reached US$8.8 billion in 2006, representing nearly 66% of the value of its trade relationship with Asia.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Exports to Asia increased from US$15.2 billion in 2005 to US$19.7 billion in 2006, a 29.9% increase.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Year-on-year growth of imports was especially strong from a number of countries: Ecuador (123.9%), Thailand (72.1%), South Korea (52.6%), and China (36.9%).<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> Chile's approach to foreign direct investment is codified in the country's Foreign Investment Law. Registration is reported to be simple and transparent, and foreign investors are guaranteed access to the official <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange market</a> to repatriate their profits and capital.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> The Chilean Government has formed a Council on Innovation and Competition, hoping to bring in additional FDI to new parts of the economy.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> gives Chile a <a href="/wiki/Credit_rating" title="Credit rating">credit rating</a> of A.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> The Government of Chile continues to pay down its foreign debt, with public debt only 3.9% of GDP at the end of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> The Chilean central government is a net creditor with a <a href="/wiki/Net_asset_value" title="Net asset value">net asset position</a> of 7% of GDP at end 2012.<a href="#cite_note-imfartiv-142">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Current_account_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Current account deficit">current account deficit</a> was 4% in the first quarter of 2013, financed mostly by foreign direct investment.<a href="#cite_note-imfartiv-142">[138]</a> 14% of central government revenue came directly from copper in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-imfartiv-142">[138]</a> Chile was ranked 1st in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineral_resources">Mineral resources</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg/220px-Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg/330px-Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg/440px-Chuquicamata-003_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chuquicamata" title="Chuquicamata">Chuquicamata</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Open-pit_mining" title="Open-pit mining">open pit</a> <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mine in the world</figcaption></figure> Chile is rich in mineral resources, especially copper and lithium. It is thought that due to the importance of lithium for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, Chile could be strengthened geopolitically. However, this perspective has also been criticized for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production in other parts of the world.<a href="#cite_note-Overland-2019-154">[150]</a> The country was, in 2019, the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> the second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> the sixth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> the seventh largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> the eighth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> the thirteenth producer of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> and the thirteenth producer of <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> in the world. The country also has considerable <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> production: between 2006 and 2017, the country produced annual amounts ranging from 35.9 tonnes in 2017 to 51.3 tonnes in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Chile" title="Agriculture in Chile">Agriculture in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg/220px-Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg/330px-Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg/440px-Vi%C3%B1edo_Puente_Alto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3438" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puente_Alto" title="Puente Alto">Puente Alto</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> in Chile encompasses a wide range of different activities due to its particular <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> and human factors. Historically agriculture is one of the bases of Chile's economy. Now agriculture and allied sectors like <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> account for only 4.9% of the <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> as of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chile&action=edit">[update]</a> and employ 13.6% of the country's labor force. Chile is one of the 5 largest world producers of <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a>, and one of the 10 largest world producers of <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnut</a>, focusing on exporting high-value fruits.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> Some other major agriculture products of Chile include <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">timber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>. Due to its geographical isolation and strict customs policies Chile is free from diseases and pests such as <a href="/wiki/Mad_cow_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad cow disease">mad cow disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drosophilidae" title="Drosophilidae">fruit fly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">Phylloxera</a>. This, its location in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, which has quite different harvesting times from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, and its wide range of agriculture conditions are considered Chile's main comparative advantages. However, Chile's mountainous landscape limits the extent and intensity of agriculture so that arable land corresponds only to 2.62% of the total territory. Chile currently utilizes 14,015 Hectares of agricultural land.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> Chile is the world's second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, after Norway. In 2019, it was responsible for 26% of the global supply.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, Chile is usually among the 10 largest producers in the world. In 2018 it was in 6th place.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Chile" title="Tourism in Chile">Tourism in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/220px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/330px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/440px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a> city, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg/330px-Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg/440px-Cuernos_del_Paine_from_Lake_Peho%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torres_del_Paine_National_Park" title="Torres del Paine National Park">Torres del Paine National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Patagonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Patagonia">Chilean Patagonia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg/220px-Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg/330px-Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg/440px-Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Pre-Columbian <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">Moais</a>, human figures dated between 1250 and 1500 in the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> Tourism in Chile has experienced sustained growth over the last few decades. In 2005, tourism grew by 13.6%, generating more than 4.5 billion dollars of which 1.5 billion was attributed to foreign tourists. According to the National Service of Tourism (Sernatur), 2 million people a year visit the country. Most of these visitors come from other countries in the American continent, mainly <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>; followed by a growing number from the United States, Europe, and Brazil with a growing number of Asians from <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and China.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> The main attractions for tourists are places of natural beauty situated in the extreme zones of the country: <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Atacama" title="San Pedro de Atacama">San Pedro de Atacama</a>, in the north, is very popular with foreign tourists who arrive to admire the Incaic architecture, the altiplano lakes, and the <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_la_Luna_(Chile)" title="Valle de la Luna (Chile)">Valley of the Moon</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Putre" title="Putre">Putre</a>, also in the north, there is the <a href="/wiki/Chungar%C3%A1_Lake" title="Chungará Lake">Chungará Lake</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Parinacota_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Parinacota Volcano">Parinacota</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pomerape" title="Pomerape">Pomerape</a> volcanoes, with altitudes of 6,348 m and 6,282 m, respectively. Throughout the central Andes there are many ski resorts of international repute,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] including <a href="/wiki/Portillo,_Chile" title="Portillo, Chile">Portillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valle_Nevado" title="Valle Nevado">Valle Nevado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Termas_de_Chill%C3%A1n" title="Termas de Chillán">Termas de Chillán</a>. The main tourist sites in the south are national parks (the most popular is <a href="/wiki/Conguill%C3%ADo_National_Park" title="Conguillío National Park">Conguillío National Park</a> in the Araucanía)<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> and the coastal area around Tirúa and Cañete with the <a href="/wiki/Isla_Mocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Mocha">Isla Mocha</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nahuelbuta_National_Park" title="Nahuelbuta National Park">Nahuelbuta National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Laguna_San_Rafael_National_Park" title="Laguna San Rafael National Park">Laguna San Rafael National Park</a>, with its many glaciers, and the <a href="/wiki/Torres_del_Paine_National_Park" title="Torres del Paine National Park">Torres del Paine National Park</a>. The central port city of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, which is World Heritage with its unique architecture, is also popular.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> Finally, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> in the Pacific Ocean is one of the main Chilean tourist destinations. For locals, tourism is concentrated mostly in the summer (December to March), and mainly in the coastal beach towns.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Serena,_Chile" title="La Serena, Chile">La Serena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coquimbo" title="Coquimbo">Coquimbo</a> are the main summer centers in the north, and Pucón on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Villarrica" title="Lake Villarrica">Lake Villarrica</a> is the main center in the south. Because of its proximity to Santiago, the coast of the Valparaíso Region, with its many beach resorts, receives the largest number of tourists. <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>, Valparaíso's more affluent northern neighbor, is popular because of its beaches, <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a>, and its annual <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival" title="Viña del Mar International Song Festival">song festival</a>, the most important musical event in Latin America.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O'Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a> is widely known as South America's "best <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> spot" according to <a href="/wiki/Fodor%27s" title="Fodor's">Fodor's</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In November 2005 the government launched a campaign under the brand "Chile: All Ways Surprising" intended to promote the country internationally for both business and tourism.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Chile" title="List of museums in Chile">Museums in Chile</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts">Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts</a> built in 1880, feature works by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chilean_artists" title="List of Chilean artists">Chilean artists</a>. Chile is home to the world-renowned <a href="/wiki/Patagonia_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Patagonia Park">Patagonian Trail</a> that resides on the border between Argentina and Chile. Chile recently launched a massive scenic route for tourism in hopes of encouraging development based on conservation. The Route of Parks covers 1,740 miles (2,800 km) and was designed by Tompkin Conservation (founders <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Tompkins" title="Douglas Tompkins">Douglas Tompkins</a> and wife <a href="/wiki/Kristine_Tompkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristine Tompkins">Kristine</a>).<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Chile" title="Transport in Chile">Transport in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/220px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/330px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/440px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4452" data-file-height="2643" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_68" title="Chile Route 68">Route 68</a> at the junction with <a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_60" title="Chile Route 60">Route 60</a></figcaption></figure> Due to Chile's topography a functioning transport network is vital to its economy. In 2020, Chile had 85,984 km (53,428 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a>, with 21,289 km (13,228 mi) paved.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> In the same year, the country had 3,347 km (2,080 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">duplicated highways</a>, the second largest network in South America, after Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> Since the mid-1990s, there has been a significant improvement in the country's roads, through bidding processes that allowed the construction of an efficient road network, with emphasis on the duplication of continuous 1,950 km (1,212 mi) of the <a href="/wiki/Panamerican_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamerican Highway">Panamerican Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_5" title="Chile Route 5">Chile Route 5</a>) between <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Chile" title="Caldera, Chile">Caldera</a> (in addition to the planned duplication in the Atacama Desert area),<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> the excerpts in between Santiago, Valparaiso and the Central Coast, and the northern access to Concepción and the large project of the Santiago urban <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a> network, opened between 2004 and 2006.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> Buses are now the main means of long-distance transportation in Chile, following the decline of its railway network.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> The bus system covers the entire country, from <a href="/wiki/Arica,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Arica, Chile">Arica</a> to <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> (a 30-hour journey) and from Santiago to <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a> (about 40 hours, with a change at <a href="/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a>). Chile has a total of 372 runways (62 paved and 310 unpaved). Important airports in Chile include <a href="/wiki/Chacalluta_International_Airport" title="Chacalluta International Airport">Chacalluta International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a>), <a href="/wiki/Diego_Aracena_International_Airport" title="Diego Aracena International Airport">Diego Aracena International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a>), <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Sabella_G%C3%A1lvez_International_Airport" title="Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport">Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Carriel_Sur_International_Airport" title="Carriel Sur International Airport">Carriel Sur International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>), <a href="/wiki/El_Tepual_International_Airport" title="El Tepual International Airport">El Tepual International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a>), <a href="/wiki/Presidente_Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo_International_Airport" title="Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport">Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a>), <a href="/wiki/La_Araucan%C3%ADa_International_Airport" title="La Araucanía International Airport">La Araucanía International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mataveri_International_Airport" title="Mataveri International Airport">Mataveri International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>), the most remote airport in the world, as defined by distance to another airport, and the <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Merino_Ben%C3%ADtez_International_Airport" title="Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport">Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>) with a traffic of 12,105,524 passengers in 2011. Santiago is headquarters of Latin America's largest <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airline</a> <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> and Chilean <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/LATAM_Airlines_Group" title="LATAM Airlines Group">LATAM Airlines</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_and_telecommunications">Internet and telecommunications</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg/220px-Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg/330px-Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg/440px-Andes_y_Torre_Entel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torre_Entel" title="Torre Entel">Torre Entel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Andes_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes mountains">Andes mountains</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Chile has a telecommunication</a> system which covers much of the country, including Chilean insular and Antarctic bases. Privatization of the telephone system began in 1988; Chile has one of the most advanced telecommunications infrastructure in South America with a modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities and a domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-139">[135]</a> In 2012, there were 3.276 million main lines in use and 24.13 million mobile cellular telephone subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-factbook-139">[135]</a> According to a 2012 database of the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU), 61.42% of the Chilean population uses the internet, making Chile the country with the highest internet penetration in South America.<a href="#cite_note-ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet-181">[177]</a> The Chilean internet country code is "<a href="/wiki/.cl" title=".cl">.cl</a>".<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> In 2017 the government of Chile launched its first <a href="/wiki/Cyber_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber security">cyber security</a> strategy, which receives technical support from the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS) Cyber Security Program of the Inter-American Committee against Terrorism (CICTE).<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Energy in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg/220px-Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg/330px-Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg/440px-Generadores_e%C3%B3licos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">Wind farm</a> near <a href="/wiki/Canela,_Chile" title="Canela, Chile">Canela, Chile</a></figcaption></figure> Chile's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Total_energy_supply&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Total energy supply (page does not exist)">total energy supply</a> (TES) was 23.0GJ per capita in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-iea2020-184">[180]</a> Energy in Chile is dominated by fossil fuels, with coal, oil and gas accounting for 73.4% of the total primary energy. Biofuels and waste account for another 20.5% of primary energy supply, with the rest sourced from hydro and other renewables.<a href="#cite_note-iea2020-184">[180]</a> Electricity consumption was 68.90 TWh in 2014. Main sources of electricity in Chile are <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a> in the forms of <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> are also coming into use, encouraged by collaboration since 2009 with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>. The electricity industry is <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatized</a> with <a href="/wiki/Endesa_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endesa (Chile)">ENDESA</a> as the largest company in the field. In 2021, Chile had, in terms of installed renewable electricity, 6,807 MW in hydropower (28th largest in the world), 3,137 MW in wind power (28th largest in the world), 4,468 MW in solar (22nd largest in the world), and 375 MW in biomass.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> As the Atacama Desert has the highest <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">solar irradiation</a> in the world, and Chile has always had problems obtaining oil, gas and coal (the country basically does not produce them, so it has to import them), renewable energy is seen as the solution for the country's shortcomings in the energy field.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Chile" title="Demographics of Chile">Demographics of Chile</a></div> Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_ethnicity">Ancestry and ethnicity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous peoples in Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration to Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg/220px-Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg/330px-Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg/440px-Ministro_Osorio_entrega_terreno_a_Comunidad_Mapuche_Lorenzo_Quintrileo_de_Tir%C3%BAa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapuche people">Mapuche</a> women of <a href="/wiki/Tir%C3%BAa" title="Tirúa">Tirúa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg/220px-Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg/330px-Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg/440px-Misa_por_Chile_-_Banderas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Chileans with flags of Chile</figcaption></figure> Mexican professor Francisco Lizcano, of the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a>, estimated that 52.7% of <a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">Chileans</a> were white, 39.3% were <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a>, and 8% were <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> In 1984, a study called Sociogenetic Reference Framework for Public Health Studies in Chile, from the Revista de Pediatría de Chile determined an ancestry of 67.9% European, and 32.1% Native American.<a href="#cite_note-Valenzuela,_1984-191">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vanegas_et_al,_2008-192">[188]</a> In 1994, a biological study determined that the Chilean composition was 64% European and 35% Amerindian.<a href="#cite_note-Cruz-Coke-193">[189]</a> The recent study in the Candela Project establishes that the genetic composition of Chile is 52% of European origin, with 44% of the genome coming from Native Americans (Amerindians), and 4% coming from Africa, making Chile a primarily mestizo country with traces of African descent present in half of the population.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> Another genetic study conducted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bras%C3%ADlia" title="University of Brasília">University of Brasília</a> in several South American countries shows a similar genetic composition for Chile, with a European contribution of 51.6%, an Amerindian contribution of 42.1%, and an African contribution of 6.3%.<a href="#cite_note-UB-195">[191]</a> In 2015 another study established genetic composition in 57% European, 38% Native American, and 2.5% African.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> A public health booklet from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">University of Chile</a> states that 35% of the population is of Caucasian origin; "predominantly White" Mestizos are estimated to amount to a total of 65%, while Native Americans (Amerindians) comprise the remaining 5%.<a href="#cite_note-UC-197">[193]</a> Despite the genetic considerations, many Chileans, if asked, would self-identify as White. The 2011 <a href="/wiki/Latinobar%C3%B3metro" title="Latinobarómetro">Latinobarómetro</a> survey asked respondents in Chile what race they considered themselves to belong to. Most answered "White" (59%), while 25% said "Mestizo" and 8% self-classified as "indigenous".<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> A 2002 national poll revealed that a majority of Chileans believed they possessed some (43.4%) or much (8.3%) "indigenous blood", while 40.3% responded that they had none.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> Chile is one of 22 countries to have signed and ratified the only binding international law concerning indigenous peoples, the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> It was adopted in 1989 as the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) Convention 169. Chile ratified it in 2008. A Chilean court decision in November 2009, considered to be a landmark ruling on indigenous rights, made use of the convention. The Supreme Court decision on Aymara water rights upheld rulings by both the Pozo Almonte tribunal and the Iquique Court of Appeals and marks the first judicial application of ILO Convention 169 in Chile.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> The earliest <a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigration from Europe">European immigrants</a> were Spanish colonizers who arrived in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> The Amerindian population of central Chile was absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</a> settler population in the beginning of the colonial period to form the large <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a> population that exists in Chile today; mestizos create modern middle and lower classes. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many <a href="/wiki/Basque_Chileans" title="Basque Chileans">Basques</a> came to Chile where they integrated into the existing elites of <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castilian</a> origin. Postcolonial Chile was never a particularly attractive destination for migrants, owing to its remoteness and distance from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Euzko-203">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile-204">[200]</a> Europeans preferred to stay in countries closer to their homelands instead of taking the long journey through the Straits of Magellan or crossing the Andes.<a href="#cite_note-Euzko-203">[199]</a> European migration did not result in a significant change in the ethnic composition of Chile, except in the <a href="/wiki/Magallanes_y_la_Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region">region of Magellan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-C1907-205">[201]</a> Spaniards were the only major European migrant group to Chile,<a href="#cite_note-Euzko-203">[199]</a> and there was never large-scale immigration such as that to Argentina or Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile-204">[200]</a> Between 1851 and 1924, Chile only received 0.5% of European immigration to Latin America, compared to 46% to Argentina, 33% to Brazil, 14% to Cuba, and 4% to Uruguay.<a href="#cite_note-Euzko-203">[199]</a> However, it is undeniable that immigrants have played a significant role in Chilean society.<a href="#cite_note-HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile-204">[200]</a> Immigrants to Chile during the 19th and 20th centuries came from France,<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Británicos,_700.000-207">[203]</a> Germany,<a href="#cite_note-Alemanes,_500.000-208">[204]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Croatas,_400.000-209">[205]</a> among others. Descendants of different <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European ethnic groups</a> often intermarried in Chile. This intermarriage and mixture of cultures and races have helped to shape the present society and culture of the Chilean middle and upper classes.<a href="#cite_note-deia.com-210">[206]</a> Also, roughly 500,000 of Chile's population is of full or partial <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian origin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> and 800,000 Arab descents.<a href="#cite_note-Oriente_próximo,_800.000,_Palestinos,_500.000-213">[209]</a> Chile currently has 1.5 million of Latin American immigrants, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>; 8% of the total population in 2019, without counting descendants.<a href="#cite_note-INE-DEM,_2019-214">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> According to the 2002 national census, Chile's foreign-born population has increased by 75% since 1992.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> As of November 2021, numbers of people entering Chile from elsewhere in Latin America have grown swiftly in the last decade, tripling in the last three years to 1.5 million, with arrivals stemming from humanitarian crises in Haiti (ca. 180,000) and Venezuela (ca 460,000).<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3></div> About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Greater Santiago</a>. The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6 million people, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Greater Concepción">Greater Concepción</a> with 861,000 and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a> with 824,000.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Chile" title="Template:Largest cities of Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Chile" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Chile <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2002 Census<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile"> Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_de_Chile,_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santiago Metropolis"><img alt="Santiago Metropolis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Santiago_de_Chile%2C_Desde_Cerro_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4068" data-file-height="2820" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Santiago, Chile">Santiago Metropolis</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greater Valparaíso"><img alt="Greater Valparaíso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/120px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/180px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/240px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Santiago, Chile">Santiago Metropolis</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago Metropolitan Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,428,590 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Concepcion_Centro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greater Concepción"><img alt="Greater Concepción" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Concepcion_Centro.jpg/120px-Concepcion_Centro.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Concepcion_Centro.jpg/180px-Concepcion_Centro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Concepcion_Centro.jpg/240px-Concepcion_Centro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5031" data-file-height="2137" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Greater Concepción">Greater Concepción</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greater La Serena"><img alt="Greater La Serena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg/120px-Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg/180px-Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg/240px-Playadeserena_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3308" data-file-height="2027" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greater_La_Serena" title="Greater La Serena">Greater La Serena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">803,683 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Greater Concepción">Greater Concepción</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">666,381 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_La_Serena" title="Greater La Serena">Greater La Serena</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coquimbo_Region" title="Coquimbo Region">Coquimbo Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">296,253 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Region" title="Antofagasta Region">Antofagasta Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">285,255 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Temuco" title="Greater Temuco">Greater Temuco</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">260,878 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rancagua_conurbation" title="Rancagua conurbation">Rancagua conurbation</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O'Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">236,363 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">191,154 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arica_and_Parinacota_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Arica and Parinacota Region">Arica and Parinacota Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">175,441 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n_conurbation" title="Chillán conurbation">Chillán conurbation</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%91uble_Region" title="Ñuble Region">Ñuble Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">165,528 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Religion in Chile</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religious background in Chile (2012 Census)<a href="#cite_note-CIA-220">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-CENSUS2012-221">[217]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkBlue; width:66.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">66.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Skyblue; width:16.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:11.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">11.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:4.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unspecified</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg/220px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg/330px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg/440px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Santiago_2012-09-01_10-05-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral">Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral</a>, built between 1748 and 1906</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG/200px-Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG/300px-Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG/400px-Iglesia_de_Achao_-_fachada.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Loreto,_Achao" title="Church of Santa María de Loreto, Achao">Church of Santa María de Loreto of Achao</a>, built in the 18th century and now a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage</a> site. </figcaption></figure> Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">indigenous peoples in Chile</a> observed a variety of religions before the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish conquest</a> in the 16th century. During <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Spanish rule</a> and the first century of Chilean independence, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> was one of the most powerful institutions in the country. In the late 19th century, liberal policies (the so-called Leyes laicas or "lay laws") started to reduce the influence of the clergy and the promulgation of a <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1925" title="Chilean Constitution of 1925">new Constitution</a> in 1925 established the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chile&action=edit">[update]</a>, 66.6%<a href="#cite_note-censo.cl-223">[219]</a> of Chilean population over 15 years of age claimed to adhere to the Roman Catholic church, a decrease from the 70%<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> reported in the 2002 census. In the same census of 2012, 17% of Chileans reported adherence to an Evangelical church ("Evangelical" in the census referred to all Christian denominations other than the Roman Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>—Greek, Persian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and Armenian—churches, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>: essentially, those denominations generally still termed "<a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestant</a>" in most English-speaking lands, although <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a> is often considered an Evangelical denomination as well). Approximately 90% of Evangelical Christians are <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>. but <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Episcopalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">other Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methodist_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist church">Methodist churches</a> also are present amongst Chilean Evangelical churches.<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedomreport-225">[221]</a> Irreligious people, atheists, and agnostics account for around 12% of the population. By 2015, the major religion in Chile remained Christianity (68%), with an estimated 55% of Chileans belonging to the Roman Catholic church, 13% to various Evangelical churches, and just 7% adhering to any other religion. Agnostics and atheist were estimated at 25% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Chile has a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> religious community, and is home to the Baháʼí mother temple, or continental <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">House of Worship</a>, for Latin America. Completed in 2016, it serves as a space for people of all religions and backgrounds to gather, meditate, reflect, and worship.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> It is formed from cast glass and translucent marble and has been described as innovative in its architectural style.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> The Constitution guarantees the right to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, and other laws and policies contribute to generally free religious practice. The law at all levels fully protects this right against abuse by either governmental or private actors.<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedomreport-225">[221]</a> Church and state are officially <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separate</a> in Chile. A 1999 law on religion prohibits <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">religious discrimination</a>. However, the Roman Catholic church for mostly historical and social reasons enjoys a privileged status and occasionally receives preferential treatment.<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> Government officials attend Roman Catholic events as well as major Evangelical and Jewish ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedomreport-225">[221]</a> The Chilean government treats the religious holidays of Christmas, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Feast of the Virgin of Carmen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Feast of Saints Peter and Paul</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Feast of the Assumption</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Feast of the Immaculate Conception</a> as <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">national holidays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedomreport-225">[221]</a> Recently, the government declared 31 October, <a href="/wiki/Reformation_Day" title="Reformation Day">Reformation Day</a>, to be an additional national holiday, in honor of the Evangelical churches of the country.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saints</a> of Chile are <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_the_Greater" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint James the Greater">Saint James the Greater</a> (Santiago).<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> canonized <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Hurtado" title="Alberto Hurtado">Alberto Hurtado</a>, who became the country's second native Roman Catholic saint after <a href="/wiki/Teresa_de_los_Andes" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresa de los Andes">Teresa de los Andes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Languages of Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapudungun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mapudungun.jpg/220px-Mapudungun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mapudungun.jpg/330px-Mapudungun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mapudungun.jpg/440px-Mapudungun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Chilean <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverb</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapuche language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean Spanish</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">Mapudungun alphabet</a> used here does not reflect an agreed-upon standard. In fact, there are three distinct alphabets currently used to write the Mapuche language.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Spanish spoken in Chile</a> is distinctively accented and quite unlike that of neighboring South American countries because final syllables are often dropped, and some consonants have a soft pronunciation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Accent varies only very slightly from north to south; more noticeable are the differences in accent based on social class or whether one lives in the city or the country. That the Chilean population was largely formed in a small section at the center of the country and then migrated in modest numbers to the north and south helps explain this relative lack of differentiation, which was maintained by the national reach of radio, and now television, which also helps to diffuse and homogenize colloquial expressions.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-36">[32]</a> There are several indigenous languages spoken in Chile: <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sign_Language" title="Chilean Sign Language">Chilean Sign Language</a> and (barely surviving) <a href="/wiki/Qawasqar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Qawasqar language">Qawasqar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaghan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghan language">Yaghan</a>, along with non-indigenous German, Italian, English, Greek and <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Quechua" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Quechua">Quechua</a>. After the Spanish conquest, Spanish took over as the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> and the indigenous languages have become minority languages, with some now extinct or close to extinction.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> German is still spoken to some extent in southern Chile,<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> either in small countryside pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities. Through initiatives such as the <a href="/wiki/English_Opens_Doors" title="English Opens Doors">English Opens Doors Program</a>, the government made English mandatory for students in fifth grade and above in public schools. Most private schools in Chile start teaching English from kindergarten.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Common English words have been absorbed and appropriated into everyday Spanish speech.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Chile" title="Healthcare in Chile">Healthcare in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Credencial_Fonasa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Credencial_Fonasa.png/220px-Credencial_Fonasa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Credencial_Fonasa.png/330px-Credencial_Fonasa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Credencial_Fonasa.png/440px-Credencial_Fonasa.png 2x" data-file-width="2691" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Card of <a href="/wiki/Fondo_Nacional_de_Salud" title="Fondo Nacional de Salud">National Health Fund</a> (Fonasa)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Chile)" title="Ministry of Health (Chile)">Ministry of Health</a> (Minsal) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the public health policies formulated by the President of Chile. The <a href="/wiki/Fondo_Nacional_de_Salud" title="Fondo Nacional de Salud">National Health Fund</a> (Fonasa), created in 1979, is the financial entity entrusted to collect, manage and distribute state funds for health in Chile. It is funded by the public. All employees pay 7% of their monthly income to the fund.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> Fonasa is part of the NHSS and has executive power through the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Chile)" title="Ministry of Health (Chile)">Ministry of Health (Chile)</a>. Its headquarters are in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> and decentralized public service is conducted by various Regional Offices. More than 12 million beneficiaries benefit from Fonasa. Beneficiaries can also opt for more costly private insurance through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isapre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isapre (page does not exist)">Isapre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Chile" title="Education in Chile">Education in Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Chile" title="List of universities in Chile">List of universities in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg/220px-Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg/330px-Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg/440px-Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile" title="Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile">Casa Central</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">University of Chile</a> in Santiago</figcaption></figure> In Chile, education begins with <a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">preschool</a> until the age of 5. <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> is provided for children between ages 6 and 13. Students then attend <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> until graduation at age 17. Secondary education is divided into two parts: During the first two years, students receive a general education. Then, they choose a branch: scientific humanistic education, artistic education, or technical and professional education. Secondary school ends two years later on the acquirement of a certificate (licencia de enseñanza media).<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> Chilean education is segregated by wealth in a three-tiered system – the quality of the schools reflects socioeconomic backgrounds: <ul><li>city schools (colegios municipales) that are mostly free and have the worst education results, mostly attended by poor students;</li> <li>subsidized schools that receive some money from the government which can be supplemented by fees paid by the student's family, which are attended by mid-income students and typically get mid-level results; and</li> <li>entirely private schools that consistently get the best results. Many private schools charge attendance fees of 0,5 to 1 median household income.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a></li></ul> Upon successful graduation of secondary school, students may continue into <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>. The higher education schools in Chile consist of <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Traditional_Universities" title="Chilean Traditional Universities">Chilean Traditional Universities</a> and are divided into <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a> or <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_schools_in_South_America#Chile" title="List of medical schools in South America">medical schools</a> and both the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Chile">Universidad de Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Diego_Portales" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Diego Portales">Universidad Diego Portales</a> offer <a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">law schools</a> in a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Culture of Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music of Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zamacueca-Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Zamacueca-Chile.jpg/220px-Zamacueca-Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Zamacueca-Chile.jpg/330px-Zamacueca-Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Zamacueca-Chile.jpg/440px-Zamacueca-Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>La Zamacueca, 1873, by Manuel Antonio Caro.</figcaption></figure> From the period between early agricultural settlements and up to the late pre-Columbian period, northern Chile was a region of Andean culture that was influenced by altiplano traditions spreading to the coastal valleys of the north, while southern regions were areas of Mapuche cultural activities. Throughout the colonial period following the conquest, and during the early Republican period, the country's culture was dominated by the Spanish. Other European influences, primarily English, French, and German began in the 19th century and have continued to this day. German migrants influenced the Bavarian style rural architecture and cuisine in the south of Chile in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frutillar" title="Frutillar">Frutillar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Varas" title="Puerto Varas">Puerto Varas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Octay" title="Puerto Octay">Puerto Octay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanquihue_Province" title="Llanquihue Province">Llanquihue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faja_Maisan" title="Faja Maisan">Faja Maisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitrufqu%C3%A9n" title="Pitrufquén">Pitrufquén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Chile" title="Victoria, Chile">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puc%C3%B3n" title="Pucón">Pucón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg/200px-Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg/300px-Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg/400px-Los_Jaivas_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Jaivas" title="Los Jaivas">Los Jaivas</a>, one of the most recognized Chilean rock bands.</figcaption></figure> Music in Chile ranges from folkloric, popular and classical music. Its large geography generates different musical styles in the north, center and south of the country, including also Easter Island and Mapuche music.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The national dance is the <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">cueca</a>. Another form of traditional Chilean song, though not a dance, is the <a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">tonada</a>. Arising from music imported by the Spanish colonists, it is distinguished from the cueca by an intermediate melodic section and a more prominent melody. From the 1950s to the 1970s, native folk musical forms were revitalized with the <a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción chilena</a> movement led by composers such as <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Parra" title="Violeta Parra">Violeta Parra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_de_Ram%C3%B3n" title="Raúl de Ramón">Raúl de Ramón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Messone" title="Pedro Messone">Pedro Messone</a>, which was also associated with political activists and reformers such as <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Jara" title="Víctor Jara">Víctor Jara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inti-Illimani" title="Inti-Illimani">Inti-Illimani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quilapay%C3%BAn" title="Quilapayún">Quilapayún</a>. Also, many Chilean rock bands like <a href="/wiki/Los_Jaivas" title="Los Jaivas">Los Jaivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Prisioneros" title="Los Prisioneros">Los Prisioneros</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Ley_(band)" title="La Ley (band)">La Ley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Tres" title="Los Tres">Los Tres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Bunkers" title="Los Bunkers">Los Bunkers</a> have reached international success, some incorporating strong folk influences, such as Los Jaivas. In February, annual music and comedy festivals are held in <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pablo Neruda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg/108px-Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg/162px-Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg/216px-Pablo_Neruda_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="936" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gabriela Mistral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/96px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/144px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg/192px-Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a>, Nobel Prize recipients in literature</div></div></div></div> Chile is a country of poets.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a> was the first Latin American to receive a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (1945). Chile's most famous poet is <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a>, who received the Nobel Prize for Literature (1971) and is world-renowned for his extensive library of works on romance, nature, and politics. His three highly personalized homes in <a href="/wiki/Isla_Negra" title="Isla Negra">Isla Negra</a>, Santiago and Valparaíso are popular tourist destinations. Among the list of other Chilean poets are <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pezoa_V%C3%A9liz" title="Carlos Pezoa Véliz">Carlos Pezoa Véliz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Huidobro" title="Vicente Huidobro">Vicente Huidobro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Rojas" title="Gonzalo Rojas">Gonzalo Rojas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Rokha" title="Pablo de Rokha">Pablo de Rokha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Parra" title="Nicanor Parra">Nicanor Parra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivonne_Co%C3%B1uecar" title="Ivonne Coñuecar">Ivonne Coñuecar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Zurita" title="Raúl Zurita">Raúl Zurita</a>. <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a> is the best-selling Chilean novelist, with 51 million of her novels sold worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Novelist <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Donoso" title="José Donoso">José Donoso</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/The_Obscene_Bird_of_Night" title="The Obscene Bird of Night">The Obscene Bird of Night</a> is considered by critic <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> to be one of the canonical works of 20th-century Western literature. Another internationally recognized Chilean novelist and poet is <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Bola%C3%B1o" title="Roberto Bolaño">Roberto Bolaño</a> whose translations into English have had an excellent reception from the critics.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg/220px-Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg/330px-Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg/440px-Asado_chileno_-_Flickr_-_Marieloreto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Chilean <a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">asado</a> (barbecue) and <a href="/wiki/Marraqueta" title="Marraqueta">marraqueta</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean cuisine</a> is a reflection of the country's topographical variety, featuring an assortment of seafood, beef, fruits, and vegetables. Traditional recipes include <a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">asado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazuela" title="Cazuela">cazuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">empanadas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">humitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_choclo" title="Pastel de choclo">pastel de choclo</a>, pastel de papas, <a href="/wiki/Curanto" title="Curanto">curanto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sopaipilla#Chile" title="Sopaipilla">sopaipillas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crudos" class="mw-redirect" title="Crudos">Crudos</a> is an example of the mixture of culinary contributions from the various ethnic influences in Chile. The raw minced <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a>, heavy use of shellfish, and rice bread were taken from native <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a> Andean cuisine, (although beef, brought to Chile by Europeans, is also used in place of the llama meat), lemon and onions were brought by the Spanish colonists, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a> was introduced by German immigrants, as was <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folklore">Folklore</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chilean_mythology" title="Chilean mythology">Chilean mythology</a></div> The folklore of Chile, cultural and demographic characteristics of the country, is the result of the mixture of Spanish and Amerindian elements that occurred during the colonial period. Due to cultural and historical reasons, they are classified and distinguished four major areas in the country: northern areas, central, southern and south. Most of the traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">culture of Chile</a> have a festive purpose, but some, such as dances and ceremonies, have religious components. <a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> Chilean mythology is the mythology and beliefs of the Folklore of Chile. This includes <a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapuche mythology">Mapuche mythology</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Chile" title="Sport in Chile">Sport in Chile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay,_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg/220px-Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg/330px-Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg/440px-Inicio_del_partido_Chile_-_Uruguay%2C_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Chile_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_Julio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Pr%C3%A1danos" title="Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos">Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos</a></figcaption></figure> Chile's most popular sport is <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>. Chile has appeared in nine FIFA World Cups which includes hosting the <a href="/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1962 FIFA World Cup">1962 FIFA World Cup</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Chile_national_football_team" title="Chile national football team">national football team</a> finished third. Other results achieved by the national football team include two <a href="/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Copa América">Copa América</a> titles (2015 and <a href="/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Centenario" title="Copa América Centenario">2016</a>), two runners-up positions, one silver and two bronze medals at the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>, a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a> and two third places finishes in the FIFA under-17 and under-20 youth tournaments. The top league in the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_football_league_system" title="Chilean football league system">Chilean football league system</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n" title="Chilean Primera División">Chilean Primera División</a>, which is named by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Football_History_%26_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Football History & Statistics">IFFHS</a> as the ninth strongest national football league in the world.<a href="#cite_note-iffhs-256">[252]</a> The main football clubs are <a href="/wiki/Colo-Colo" title="Colo-Colo">Colo-Colo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_Universidad_de_Chile" title="Club Universidad de Chile">Universidad de Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_Deportivo_Universidad_Cat%C3%B3lica" title="Club Deportivo Universidad Católica">Universidad Católica</a>. Colo-Colo is the country's most successful football club, having both the most national and international championships, including the coveted <a href="/wiki/Copa_Libertadores" title="Copa Libertadores">Copa Libertadores</a> South American club tournament. Universidad de Chile was the last international champion (<a href="/wiki/Copa_Sudamericana" title="Copa Sudamericana">Copa Sudamericana</a> 2011). Tennis is Chile's most successful sport. Its <a href="/wiki/Chile_Davis_Cup_team" title="Chile Davis Cup team">national team</a> won the <a href="/wiki/World_Team_Cup" title="World Team Cup">World Team Cup</a> clay tournament twice (2003 & 2004), and played the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> final against Italy in 1976. At the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> the country captured gold and bronze in men's singles and gold in men's doubles (<a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Mass%C3%BA" title="Nicolás Massú">Nicolás Massú</a> obtained two gold medals). <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_R%C3%ADos" title="Marcelo Ríos">Marcelo Ríos</a> became the first Latin American man to reach the number one spot in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players" title="List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players">ATP singles rankings</a> in 1998. <a href="/wiki/Anita_Lizana" title="Anita Lizana">Anita Lizana</a> won the <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">US Open</a> in 1937, becoming the first woman from Latin America to win a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> tournament. <a href="/wiki/Luis_Ayala_(tennis)" title="Luis Ayala (tennis)">Luis Ayala</a> was twice a runner-up at the French Open and both Ríos and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Fernando González">Fernando González</a> reached the Australian Open men's singles finals. González also won a silver medal in singles at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> in Beijing. At the Summer Olympic Games Chile boasts a total of two gold medals (tennis), seven silver medals (athletics, <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the Summer Olympics">equestrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, shooting and tennis) and four bronze medals (tennis, boxing and football). In 2012, Chile won its first Paralympic Games medal (gold in Athletics). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15_Abril_2015,_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._(17160926755).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg/220px-15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg/330px-15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg/440px-15_Abril_2015%2C_Ministro_%C3%81lvaro_Elizalde_junto_a_la_Presidenta_Michelle_Bachelet_reciben_al_Equipo_Campe%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_Polo_en_La_Moneda._%2817160926755%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>The Chilean national polo team with President <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> and the trophy of the <a href="/wiki/2015_World_Polo_Championship" title="2015 World Polo Championship">2015 World Polo Championship</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Chilean_rodeo" title="Chilean rodeo">Rodeo</a> is the country's <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a> and is practiced in the more rural areas of the nation. A sport similar to <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">hockey</a> called <a href="/wiki/Palin_(game)" title="Palin (game)">chueca</a> was played by the Mapuche people during the Spanish conquest. <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">Skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a> are practiced at ski centers located in the Central Andes, and in southern ski centers near to cities as Osorno, Puerto Varas, Temuco and Punta Arenas. <a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Chile" title="Surfing in Chile">Surfing</a> is popular at some coastal towns. <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> is professionally practiced within Chile, with the country achieving top prize in the 2008 and 2015 <a href="/wiki/World_Polo_Championship" title="World Polo Championship">World Polo Championship</a>. <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is a popular sport in which Chile earned a bronze medal in the first men's <a href="/wiki/FIBA_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA World Championship">FIBA World Championship</a> held in 1950 and won a second bronze medal when Chile hosted the <a href="/wiki/1959_FIBA_World_Championship" title="1959 FIBA World Championship">1959 FIBA World Championship</a>. Chile hosted the first <a href="/wiki/FIBA_World_Championship_for_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA World Championship for Women">FIBA World Championship for Women</a> in 1953 finishing the tournament with the silver medal. <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Atacama" title="San Pedro de Atacama">San Pedro de Atacama</a> is host to the annual "Atacama Crossing", a six-stage, 250-kilometer (160 mi) footrace which annually attracts about 150 competitors from 35 countries. The <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a> <a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">off-road automobile race</a> has been held in both Chile and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> since 2009. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_heritage">Cultural heritage</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a> of Chile consists, first, of its intangible heritage, composed of various cultural events and activities, such as visual arts, crafts, dances, holidays, cuisine, games, music and traditions. Secondly, its tangible heritage consists of those buildings, objects and sites of archaeological, architectural, traditional, artistic, ethnographic, folkloric, historical, religious or technological significance scattered through Chilean territory. Among them, some are declared <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, ratified by Chile in 1980. These cultural sites are the <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_National_Park" title="Rapa Nui National Park">Rapa Nui National Park</a> (1995), the <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">Churches of Chiloé</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">the historical district of the port city of Valparaíso</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Humberstone_and_Santa_Laura_Saltpeter_Works" title="Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works">Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works</a> (2005) and the mining city <a href="/wiki/Sewell,_Chile" title="Sewell, Chile">Sewell</a> (2006). In 1999 Cultural Heritage Day was established as a way to honour and commemorate Chile's cultural heritage. It is an official national event celebrated in May every year.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/32px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/48px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/64px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chile" title="Portal:Chile">Chile portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">Index of Chile-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Chile" title="Outline of Chile">Outline of Chile</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtʃɪli/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg\/En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg/En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg" title="File:En-Chile-pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">CHILL-ee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtʃɪleɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">CHILL-ay</a>;<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈtʃile]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[nb 1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7c\/Es-Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.oga\/Es-Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Rep\u00fablica de Chile"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-Rep\u00fablica de Chile.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Es-Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.oga/Es-Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">República de Chile</a><a href="/wiki/File:Es-Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.oga" title="File:Es-República de Chile.oga">ⓘ</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> In <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean Spanish</a>, pronunciation ranges from <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈʃi.leː]</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈt͡ʃiːle]</a> on a spectrum from lower to upper classes, respectively, the former being a somewhat-stigmatized <a href="/wiki/Post-creole_continuum#Stratification" title="Post-creole continuum">basilect</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish#Sample" title="Chilean Spanish">the Sample section</a> for an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcribed text in a lower-class form of the dialect. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Since 1961, all claims to Antarctic land are <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> suspended under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/summaries/#people-and-society">"Country Summary"</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fchile%2Fsummaries%2F%23people-and-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ce2006-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ce2006_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce2006_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.cl/canales/publicaciones/compendio_estadistico/pdf/2006/compendio2006.pdf">"Compendio estadístico 2006"</a> (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ine.cl/canales/publicaciones/compendio_estadistico/pdf/2006/compendio2006.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compendio+estad%C3%ADstico+2006&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADsticas&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.cl%2Fcanales%2Fpublicaciones%2Fcompendio_estadistico%2Fpdf%2F2006%2Fcompendio2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chile_country_profile-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chile_country_profile_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chile_country_profile_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19357497">"Chile country profile"</a>. BBC News. 17 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411095040/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19357497">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chile+country+profile&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-19357497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER">"Surface water and surface water change"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surface+water+and+surface+water+change&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DSURFACE_WATER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-with-un-projections?tab=table&time=2023">"Our World in Data"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112120730/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-with-un-projections?tab=table&time=2023">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fpopulation-with-un-projections%3Ftab%3Dtable%26time%3D2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.CL-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CL_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CL_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CL_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CL_6-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Chile)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2024+Edition.+%28Chile%29&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D228%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D1980%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Inequality_-_Income_inequality-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Inequality_-_Income_inequality_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm">"Inequality – Income inequality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inequality+%E2%80%93+Income+inequality&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Finequality%2Fincome-inequality.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-8"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. p. 288. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ea.grolier.com">the original</a> on 21 July 2002. Retrieved 2 March 2005. <q>The name Chile is of Native American origin, meaning possibly 'ends of the earth' or simply 'sea gulls'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chile&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pub=Grolier+Online&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fea.grolier.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hudson-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hudson_27-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1995" class="citation web cs1">Hudson, Rex A., ed. 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Glosbe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glosbe&rft.atitle=chiri+in+English+-+Quechua-English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglosbe.com%2Fqu%2Fen%2Fchiri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911britannica-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911britannica_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911britannica_29-1">b</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chile" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chile">Chile</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <q>derived, it is said, from the Quichua chiri, cold, or tchili, snow</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510215421/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572974_4/Chile.html">"Chile (república)"</a>. Enciclopedia Microsoft Encarta Online. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572974_4/Chile.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2005. <q>The region was then known to its native population as Tchili, a Native American word meaning 'snow'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chile+%28rep%C3%BAblica%29&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+Microsoft+Encarta+Online&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fes.encarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761572974_4%2FChile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pearson, Neale J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990210101840/http://www.gme.grolier.com/">"Chile"</a>. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gme.grolier.com">the original</a> on 10 February 1999. Retrieved 2 March 2005. <q>Chile's name comes from an Indian word, Tchili, meaning 'the deepest point of the Earth'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chile&rft.btitle=Grolier+Multimedia+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Scholastic+Library+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Neale+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgme.grolier.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_OlivaresGonzález1864" class="citation book cs1">de Olivares, Miguel; González, SJ (1864) [1736]. "Historia de la Compañía de Jesús en Chile". Colección de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Vol. 4. Santiago: Imprenta del Ferrocarril.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historia+de+la+Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa+de+Jes%C3%BAs+en+Chile&rft.btitle=Colecci%C3%B3n+de+historiadores+de+Chile+y+documentos+relativos+a+la+historia+nacional&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pub=Imprenta+del+Ferrocarril&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=de+Olivares&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+SJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/s3appletonsann05newyuoft#page/87/mode/1up">Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of noteworthy events of the year: 1900</a>. New York: Appletons. p. 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+annual+cyclopaedia+and+register+of+noteworthy+events+of+the+year%3A+1900&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Appletons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fs3appletonsann05newyuoft%23page%2F87%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBower,_Bruce2015" class="citation web cs1">Bower, Bruce (26 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/people-roamed-tip-south-america-18500-years-ago">"People roamed tip of South America 18,500 years ago"</a>. Science News. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510101040/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/people-roamed-tip-south-america-18500-years-ago">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=People+roamed+tip+of+South+America+18%2C500+years+ago&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2015-12-26&rft.au=Bower%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fpeople-roamed-tip-south-america-18500-years-ago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf8SnJ_ZJbkC&pg=PA27">Insight Guides: Chile</a>. Langenscheidt Publishing Group. 2002. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-234-890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-234-890-6"><bdi>978-981-234-890-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221111313/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf8SnJ_ZJbkC&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insight+Guides%3A+Chile&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Langenscheidt+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-981-234-890-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNf8SnJ_ZJbkC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-countrystudies-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_36-23">x</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/chile/85.htm">"Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830–1973"</a>. Country Studies. Library of Congress. 31 March 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709014719/http://countrystudies.us/chile/85.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Studies&rft.atitle=Development+and+Breakdown+of+Democracy%2C+1830%E2%80%931973&rft.date=1994-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fchile%2F85.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyzaguirre,_Jaime1967" class="citation book cs1">Eyzaguirre, Jaime (1967). Breve historia de las fronteras de Chile. Editorial Universitaria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breve+historia+de+las+fronteras+de+Chile&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Eyzaguirre%2C+Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLagos_Carmona1985" class="citation book cs1">Lagos Carmona, Guillermo (1985). Los Títulos Históricos: Historia de Las Fronteras de Chile. Andrés Bello. <q>(p. 197) We note that the Loa river is at 22 degrees and that Baleato, in 1793, indicated 21.5 degrees for the beginning of the Kingdom of Chile, with the Loa at its mouth in the Pacific. (...) (p. 540) According to the Map of Cano y Olmedilla, the limit of the Kingdom of Chile "(...) through the desert of Atacama (...) From here it turns to the S., S.E., S.E., and S., keeping in general this last course until near the 29° parallel, from where it takes a S.E. direction. SE. and S., generally keeping this last course until the vicinity of the 29° parallel, from where it takes a S.E. direction, skirting to the east the 'Province of Cuyo' which, of course, appears to be included in the territory of the Kingdom of Chile. In the latitude of 32°30' the line turns to the S.W. until reaching the Quinto river, which, as the legend says 'communicates by channels with the Saladillo in time of floods'. It follows the river down to the meridian 316°, counting to the E. of Tenerife, where it turns a stretch until it reaches the Hueuque-Leuvu river (or Barrancas river) at 371/2° latitude. From here it runs along the river for a stretch to the S.E., and then turns to the E. and falls into the Atlantic Sea in the vicinity of parallel 37° between Cape Lobos and Cape Corrientes", "a little north of the current Mar del Plata". (...) (p. 543) In this document it is seen that those of the province of Cuyo end to the south at the source of the Diamante River, and that from that point to the east, the dividing line goes to the point where the Quinto River crosses the road that goes from Santiago to Buenos Aires.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+T%C3%ADtulos+Hist%C3%B3ricos%3A+Historia+de+Las+Fronteras+de+Chile&rft.pub=Andr%C3%A9s+Bello&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Lagos+Carmona&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmunátegui1985" class="citation book cs1">Amunátegui, Miguel Luis (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libros.uchile.cl/files/presses/1/monographs/128/submission/proof/36/">Títulos de la República de Chile a la soberanía i dominio de la Estremidad</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112070737/https://libros.uchile.cl/files/presses/1/monographs/128/submission/proof/36/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C3%ADtulos+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Chile+a+la+soberan%C3%ADa+i+dominio+de+la+Estremidad&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Amun%C3%A1tegui&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibros.uchile.cl%2Ffiles%2Fpresses%2F1%2Fmonographs%2F128%2Fsubmission%2Fproof%2F36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorla_Vicuña1903" class="citation book cs1">Morla Vicuña, Carlos (1903). Estudio histórico sobre el descubrimiento y conquista de la Patagonia y de la Tierra del Fuego. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estudio+hist%C3%B3rico+sobre+el+descubrimiento+y+conquista+de+la+Patagonia+y+de+la+Tierra+del+Fuego&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=F.+A.+Brockhaus&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Morla+Vicu%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaivano1882" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caivano, Tommaso (1 April 1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/storiadellaguer00caivgoog">"Storia della guerra d'America fra Chilì, il Perù e la Bolivia"</a> (in Italian). Torino: Ermanno Loescher – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storia+della+guerra+d%27America+fra+Chil%C3%AC%2C+il+Per%C3%B9+e+la+Bolivia&rft.place=Torino&rft.pub=Ermanno+Loescher&rft.date=1882-04-01&rft.aulast=Caivano&rft.aufirst=Tommaso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriadellaguer00caivgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva_Castro1953" class="citation book cs1">Silva Castro, Raúl (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-8952.html">Censo de 1813</a>. Santiago: Imprenta Chile. p. 370 – via Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censo+de+1813&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Imprenta+Chile&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Silva+Castro&rft.aufirst=Ra%C3%BAl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2F602%2Fw3-article-8952.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatenLlorca-Jaña2021" class="citation journal cs1">Baten, Joerg; Llorca-Jaña, Manuel (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp8177.pdf">"Inequality, Low-Intensity Immigration and Human Capital Formation in the Regions of Chile, 1820–1939"</a> (PDF). Economics and Human Biology. 43: 101030. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ehb.2021.101030">10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101030</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1570-677X">1570-677X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34171763">34171763</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219382958">219382958</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp8177.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economics+and+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Inequality%2C+Low-Intensity+Immigration+and+Human+Capital+Formation+in+the+Regions+of+Chile%2C+1820%E2%80%931939&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=101030&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1570-677X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219382958%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34171763&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ehb.2021.101030&rft.aulast=Baten&rft.aufirst=Joerg&rft.au=Llorca-Ja%C3%B1a%2C+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesifo.org%2FDocDL%2Fcesifo1_wp8177.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jg5cEAAAQBAJ">Intercolonial Intimacies: Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines. 1898-1964 By Paula C. Park</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101151055/https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Jg5cEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> 1 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (INTRODUCTION: Residual Intercolonial Intimacies across the "Hispanic" Pacific) </li> <li id="cite_note-Eyzaguirre-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Eyzaguirre_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyzaguirre,_Jaime1967" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eyzaguirre, Jaime (1967). Breve historia de las fronteras de Chile (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breve+historia+de+las+fronteras+de+Chile&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Eyzaguirre%2C+Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PatagoniaAustral-46"><a href="#cite_ref-PatagoniaAustral_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMateo_Martinic_Beros1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mateo Martinic Beros (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-10386.html">Presencia de Chile en la Patagonia austral 1843 – 1879</a> (in Spanish). Editorial Andrés Bello. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010856/https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-10386.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presencia+de+Chile+en+la+Patagonia+austral+1843+%E2%80%93+1879&rft.pub=Editorial+Andr%C3%A9s+Bello&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Mateo+Martinic+Beros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2F602%2Fw3-article-10386.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaten2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Baten" title="Jörg Baten">Baten, Jörg</a> (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107507180" title="Special:BookSources/9781107507180"><bdi>9781107507180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Global+Economy.+From+1500+to+the+Present.&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781107507180&rft.aulast=Baten&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-historia-48"><a href="#cite_ref-historia_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soberaniachile.cl/historia_de_la_incorporacion_y_las_controversias_de_la_isla_de_pascua.html">"Historia de la Isla de Pascua: Su Incorporación y Su Conflicto Con La Williamson & Balfour. Daños Patrimoniales, Pretensiones Internacionales e Independentismos"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321015938/http://www.soberaniachile.cl/historia_de_la_incorporacion_y_las_controversias_de_la_isla_de_pascua.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+Isla+de+Pascua%3A+Su+Incorporaci%C3%B3n+y+Su+Conflicto+Con+La+Williamson+%26+Balfour.+Da%C3%B1os+Patrimoniales%2C+Pretensiones+Internacionales+e+Independentismos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soberaniachile.cl%2Fhistoria_de_la_incorporacion_y_las_controversias_de_la_isla_de_pascua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sater-49"><a href="#cite_ref-sater_49-0">^</a> William Sater, Chile and the United States: Empires in Conflict, Athens, GA; University of Georgia Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-1249-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-1249-5">0-8203-1249-5</a> p.51 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1996" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, Will (1996). Authoritarianism in Latin America since independence. 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Duke University Press. pp. 163–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4003-4"><bdi>978-0-8223-4003-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129020445/https://books.google.com/books?id=gQU-GYGeVSEC&pg=PA163#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. 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Retrieved 17 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministerio+del+Interior%2C+Programa+de+Derechos+Humanos+%E2%80%93+ddhh_rettig&rft.pub=Ddhh.gov.cl&rft.date=1999-08-03&rft.au=Ministerio+del+Interior&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddhh.gov.cl%2Fddhh_rettig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sintesis-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sintesis_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sintesis_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070727031254/http://www.comisionprisionpoliticaytortura.cl/filesapp/Sintesis.pdf">"Sintesis Ok"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comisionprisionpoliticaytortura.cl/filesapp/Sintesis.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 July 2007. 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W W Norton & Company Incorporated. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30985-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30985-0"><bdi>978-0-393-30985-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+of+Enemies%3A+Chile+Under+Pinochet&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=W+W+Norton+%26+Company+Incorporated&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-393-30985-0&rft.au=Pamela+Constable&rft.au=Arturo+Valenzuela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationofenemiesc00cons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Klein, Naomi</a> (1 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwHUAq5LPOQC&pg=PA85">The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism</a>. 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Agence France Presse. 11 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801211945/https://www.yahoo.com/news/pinera-conservative-billionaire-sworn-president-chile-183054108.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAC6_pBevRC0GpV00u6W8P1NWhHqxCXKFRdRMnzk5fsa">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2021. 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Retrieved 13 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USA-Chile+FTA+Final+Text&rft.pub=Ustr.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustr.gov%2FTrade_Agreements%2FBilateral%2FChile_FTA%2FFinal_Texts%2FSection_Index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countryeconomy.com/ratings/chile">"Rating: Chile Credit Rating"</a>. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rating%3A+Chile+Credit+Rating&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountryeconomy.com%2Fratings%2Fchile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/">"Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship"</a>. www.wipo.int. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.50062">10.34667/tind.50062</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2"><bdi>978-92-805-3681-2</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Iodine+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-iodine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf">"USGS Rhenium Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621074425/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Rhenium+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-rhenium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf">"USGS Lithium Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Lithium+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-lithium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf">"USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Molybdenum+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-molybdenum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf">"USGS Silver Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Silver+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-silver.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf">"USGS Salt Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Salt+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-salt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf">"USGS Potash Product ion Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. 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Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Sulfur+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-sulfur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf">"USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. 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Retrieved 2 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theOECD&rft.atitle=Chile+%E2%80%93+OECD+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Fchile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/algas-nocivas-matam-mais-de-42-mil-toneladas-de-salmao-no-chile/">"Algas nocivas matam mais de 4,2 mil toneladas de salmão no Chile"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024140847/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/algas-nocivas-matam-mais-de-42-mil-toneladas-de-salmao-no-chile/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2022. 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Retrieved 21 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilean+Election+Unlikely+to+Halt+New+Barriers+to+Immigration&rft.date=2021-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalriskinsights.com%2F2021%2F11%2Fchilean-election-unlikely-to-halt-new-barriers-to-immigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031912/http://www.observatoriourbano.cl/indurb/pre_ciudades.asp?id_user=0&idComCiu=0">"List of Chilean cities"</a>. Observatorio Urbano, Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile. 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Retrieved 29 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fchile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2017.zip">(Archived 2017 edition.)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CENSUS2012-221"><a href="#cite_ref-CENSUS2012_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20130425/asocfile/20130425190105/resultados_censo_2012_poblacion_vivienda_tomosiyii.pdf">"Resultados XVIII Censo de Población"</a> (PDF). 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415043914/http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20130425/asocfile/20130425190105/resultados_censo_2012_poblacion_vivienda_tomosiyii.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resultados+XVIII+Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativa.cl%2Fnoticias%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20130425%2Fasocfile%2F20130425190105%2Fresultados_censo_2012_poblacion_vivienda_tomosiyii.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.2014" class="citation book cs1">H., Smith, Brian (2014). The Church and Politics in Chile Challenges to Modern Catholicism. 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(censused population)"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). 7 September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf">the original</a> (.pdf) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+15+years+of+age+or+older%2C+by+religion%2C+region%2C+sex+and+age+groups.+%28censused+population%29&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplazapublica.cl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F658799.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> 7,853,428 out of 11,226,309 people over 15 years of age. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.cl/cd2002/cuadros/6/C6_00000.pdf">"Population 15 years of age or older, by religion, administrative division, sex and age groups"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 14 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+American+Herald+Tribune+%E2%80%93+Isabel+Allende+Named+to+Council+of+Cervantes+Institute&rft.pub=Laht.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laht.com%2Farticle.asp%3FArticleId%3D346023%26CategoryId%3D13003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Grossman" title="Lev Grossman">Grossman, Lev</a> (10 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081115083810/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1857951,00.html">"Bolaño's 2666: The Best Book of 2008"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1857951,00.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2008. Retrieved 28 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Bola%C3%B1o%27s+2666%3A+The+Best+Book+of+2008&rft.date=2008-11-10&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Farts%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1857951%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Kerr2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Sarah Kerr (18 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22171">"The Triumph of Roberto Bolaño"</a>. The New York Review of Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304074108/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22171">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Triumph+of+Roberto+Bola%C3%B1o&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft.au=Sarah+Kerr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F22171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2007" class="citation news cs1">Wood, James (15 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/books/review/Wood.t.html">"The Visceral Realist"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411144027/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/books/review/Wood.t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Visceral+Realist&rft.date=2007-04-15&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F15%2Fbooks%2Freview%2FWood.t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Baez_Kijac2003" class="citation book cs1">Maria Baez Kijac (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlePAePLlqkC">The South American Table: The Flavor and Soul of Authentic...</a> Harvard Common Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55832-249-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55832-249-3"><bdi>978-1-55832-249-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129020253/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlePAePLlqkC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+South+American+Table%3A+The+Flavor+and+Soul+of+Authentic...&rft.pub=Harvard+Common+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55832-249-3&rft.au=Maria+Baez+Kijac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlePAePLlqkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> Whole paragraph same as in Ravi Jyee et al., eds., World Encyclopaedia of American Countries, vol. 1 New Delhi: Afro-Asian-American Chamber of Commerce Occupational Research and Development, 2016. 179–80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://164.100.47.193/Ebooks/Writereaddate/52_2017.pdf">http://164.100.47.193/Ebooks/Writereaddate/52_2017.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203210316/http://164.100.47.193/Ebooks/Writereaddate/52_2017.pdf">Archived</a> 3 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-iffhs-256"><a href="#cite_ref-iffhs_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iffhs.de/?b6e28fa3002f71504e52d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bb11">"The strongest National League in the World 2011"</a>. IFFHS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105214658/https://iffhs.de/?b6e28fa3002f71504e52d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bb11">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFFHS&rft.atitle=The+strongest+National+League+in+the+World+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iffhs.de%2F%3Fb6e28fa3002f71504e52d17f7370eff3702bb1c2bb11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chileatiende.gob.cl/fichas/40159-dia-del-patrimonio-cultural">"Día del patrimonio cultural"</a>. chileatiende.gob.cl/. 14 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200620174316/https://www.chileatiende.gob.cl/fichas/40159-dia-del-patrimonio-cultural">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chileatiende.gob.cl%2F&rft.atitle=D%C3%ADa+del+patrimonio+cultural&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chileatiende.gob.cl%2Ffichas%2F40159-dia-del-patrimonio-cultural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Christian Balteum: The Strip. A Marxist critique of a semicomparador economy, University of Vermont Press, 2018</li> <li>Simon Collier and William F. Sater, A History of Chile, 1808–1894, Cambridge University Press, 1996</li> <li>Paul W. Drake, and others., Chile: A Country Study, Library of Congress, 1994</li> <li>Luis Galdames, A History of Chile, University of North Carolina Press, 1941</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamoureuxand_three_others1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lamoureux, Andrew Jackson; and three others (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chile">"Chile" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 142–160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=142-160&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lamoureux&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Jackson&rft.au=and+three+others&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChile" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Brian Lovemen, Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2001</li> <li>John L. Rector, The History of Chile, Greenwood Press, 2003</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Chile at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Chile" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Chile">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chile" class="extiw" title="c:Chile">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Chile" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Chile">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Chile" class="extiw" title="q:Chile">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Chile" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Chile">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Chile" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Chile">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Chile" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Chile">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chile" class="extiw" title="voy:Chile">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.cl/en/">Official Chile Government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisischile.cl">ThisIsChile Tourism & Commerce Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220035214/https://www.thisischile.cl/">Archived</a> 20 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/">Chile</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011194320/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/chile.htm">Chile</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm">Chile profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116103522/http://www.ubicachile.cl/">Road maps of Chile, interactive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/CHL/Year/2012/Summary">World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Chile</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Chile" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Chile">Wikimedia Atlas of Chile</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/167454">Chile</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CL">Key Development Forecasts for Chile</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chileculture.org/">Chile Cultural Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chile_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chile_topics" title="Template:Chile topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chile_topics" title="Template talk:Chile topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chile_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chile topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chile_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chilean_history" title="Timeline of Chilean history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Prehispanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ante_Christum_natum" title="Ante Christum natum">ACN</a>–1536 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Chile" title="Discovery of Chile">Spanish Discovery</a> (1536–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish Conquest</a> (1540–1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Colonial</a> (1600–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Independence</a> (1810–1826)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_the_Chilean_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization of the Chilean Republic (page does not exist)">Republic Organization</a> (1823–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republic" title="Conservative Republic">Conservative Republic</a> (1831–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republic" title="Liberal Republic">Liberal Republic</a> (1861–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile_during_the_Parliamentary_Era_(1891%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)">Parliamentary Era</a> (1891–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Presidential Republic</a> (1925–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">Pinochet Regime</a> (1973–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Democracy Transition</a> (1990–Present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banditry_in_Chile" title="Banditry in Chile">Banditry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Chile" title="Economic history of Chile">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mining_in_Chile" title="History of mining in Chile">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Chile" title="Maritime history of Chile">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Chile" title="List of wars involving Chile">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile" title="Coat of arms of Chile"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="498" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Chile" title="Geography of Chile">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Chile" title="Environmental issues in Chile">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Chile" title="List of extreme points of Chile">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords,_channels,_sounds_and_straits_of_Chile" title="List of fjords, channels, sounds and straits of Chile">Fjords, channels, sounds and straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Chile" title="Geology of Chile">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Chile" title="List of islands of Chile">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Chile" title="List of national parks of Chile">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">Natural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Chile" title="List of rivers of Chile">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Chile" title="List of lakes of Chile">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile" title="List of volcanoes in Chile">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_and_lightvessels_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Chile">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Chile">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Chile" title="Elections in Chile">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chile" title="Foreign relations of Chile">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Chile">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Chile" title="List of political parties in Chile">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Chile" title="Ministries of Chile">Ministries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Chile" title="Law of Chile">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_Code" title="Chilean Civil Code">Civil Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Chile" title="Constitutional history of Chile">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chile" title="Human rights in Chile">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Chile">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Chile" title="Constitutional Court of Chile">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_Chile" title="Comptroller General of Chile">Comptroller General of Chile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Public safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Gendarmerie" title="Chilean Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_Police_of_Chile" title="Investigations Police of Chile">Investigations Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Army" title="Chilean Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Chile)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Chile)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Chile" title="Agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Chile" title="Aquaculture in Chile">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Chile" title="Central Bank of Chile">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Chile" title="List of companies of Chile">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Chile" title="Forestry in Chile">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Peso (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Chile" title="Mining in Chile">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Chile" title="Tourism in Chile">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Chile" title="Transport in Chile">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Chile" title="Category:Society of Chile">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Chile" title="Crime in Chile">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Chile" title="Demographics of Chile">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Chile" title="Education in Chile">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Chile" title="Healthcare in Chile">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Chile" title="Squatting in Chile">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Chile" title="Water supply and sanitation in Chile">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Chile" title="Women in Chile">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Chile" title="Category:Arts in Chile">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageants_in_Chile" title="Category:Beauty pageants in Chile">Beauty pageants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_literature" title="Chilean literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_mythology" title="Chilean mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Chile" title="List of newspapers in Chile">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Chile" title="Public holidays in Chile">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Chile" title="Sport in Chile">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Chile" title="Television in Chile">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Chile" title="Outline of Chile">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chile" title="Category:Chile">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chile" title="Portal:Chile">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_South_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America">Countries and dependencies of South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">UK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Alliance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Alliance" title="Template:Pacific Alliance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Alliance" title="Template talk:Pacific Alliance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Alliance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Alliance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Andean_Community_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andean_Community_of_Nations" title="Template:Andean Community of Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andean_Community_of_Nations" title="Template talk:Andean Community of Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andean_Community_of_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andean Community of Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Andean_Community_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template talk:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Member states of the Organization of American States">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="General Assembly of the Organization of American States">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Political_Affairs" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Political Affairs">Secretariat for Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_for_Integral_Development" title="Executive Secretary for Integral Development">Secretariat for Integral Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Multidimensional_Security" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Multidimensional Security">Secretariat for Multidimensional Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Telecommunication_Commission" title="Inter-American Telecommunication Commission">Inter-American Telecommunication Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Court of Human Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union_Building" title="Pan American Union Building">Pan American Union Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Charter of the Organization of American States">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Conference" title="Pan-American Conference">Pan-American Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template talk:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_Mercosur" title="Member states of Mercosur">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_South_American_Summit" title="2004 South American Summit">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Ecuador_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Ecuador South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Argentina_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Argentina South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_American_Summit" title="2010 South American Summit">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_Declaration" title="Cusco Declaration">Cusco Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNASUR_Constitutive_Treaty" title="UNASUR Constitutive Treaty">Constitutive Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations">President Pro Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_South_American_Defense" title="Council of South American Defense">Council of South American Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development_(OECD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" title="Template:Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" title="Template talk:Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development_(OECD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OECD#Founding" title="OECD">Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD_Anti-Bribery_Convention" title="OECD Anti-Bribery Convention">OECD Anti-Bribery Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies" title="Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OECD_Guidelines_for_Multinational_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises">Multinational Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD_Guidelines_for_the_Testing_of_Chemicals" title="OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals">Testing of Chemicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nations_in_the_Group_of_15_(G-15)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G-15_nations" title="Template:G-15 nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G-15_nations" title="Template talk:G-15 nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G-15_nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G-15 nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nations_in_the_Group_of_15_(G-15)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_G-15_summit" title="9th G-15 summit">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_G-15_summit" title="12th G-15 summit">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_G-15_summit" title="13th G-15 summit">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_G-15_summit" title="14th G-15 summit">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_G-15_summit" title="15th G-15 summit">2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mercosur_·_Mercosul" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mercosur" title="Template:Mercosur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mercosur" title="Template talk:Mercosur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mercosur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mercosur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mercosur_·_Mercosul" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur · Mercosul</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(Southern Common Market)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Treaty of Asunción">Treaty of Asunción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_Ouro_Preto" title="Protocol of Ouro Preto">Protocol of Ouro Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Mercosur" title="Visa policy of the Mercosur">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_Mercosur" title="Member states of Mercosur">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Full_members" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (suspended)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_Mercosur" title="President pro tempore of Mercosur">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur_Parliament" title="Mercosur Parliament">Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_guaran%C3%AD" title="Paraguayan guaraní">Paraguayan guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_peso" title="Uruguayan peso">Uruguayan peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Venezuelan bolívar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Mercosur" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Mercosur">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Mercosur_relations" title="European Union–Mercosur relations">European Union</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template talk:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#Members,_observers_and_guests" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Members</a> and the NAM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement">Cyprus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Ghana and the Non-Aligned Movement">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement">Malta</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Sri Lanka and the Non-Aligned Movement">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Tanzania and the Non-Aligned Movement">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Yugoslavia</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Bureau_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement">Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Centre_for_South-South_Technical_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation">Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Youth_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization">NAM Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAM_News_Network" title="NAM News Network">NAM News Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_News_Agencies_Pool" title="Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool">News Agencies Pool</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Josip_Broz_Tito%22_Art_Gallery_of_the_Nonaligned_Countries" title=""Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries">"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement_Summits" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement Summits">Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="4th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="6th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="10th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="19th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Non-Alignment" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno#Figurehead_president" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Adoption_of_neutralism" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boumediene#Foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Houari Boumediene">Houari Boumediene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro#Foreign_wars_and_NAM_Presidency:_1975–1979" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Foreign_affairs" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121695380">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121622528">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/233665742">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205362/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRFbvHH9JJMfwqG33tTB">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009929-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79061242">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931184v">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238523s">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931184v">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238523s">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573068">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35027985">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128927&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451164">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/119010">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90626832">Norway</a></li><li><a class="external text" 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