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id="page-start" class="d-none">0</div> <div id="page-limit" class="d-none">30</div> <div ><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52001-new-products-and-services-mdb-1124?m=684">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_52001" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including an angle sensor from ASM Sensors; Raltron's line of mobile speakers with IP67/68 ratings; laboratory sinks from Hemco; a precision-engineered electronic valve from Clippard; Vision Engineering's optical stereo microscope technology; and much more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_52001" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52001-new-products-and-services-mdb-1124?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1731089689/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52001/mdb-1124-p46_fig6_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51496-product-focus-tubing-mdb-0924?m=684">Product Focus: Pumps and Valves</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_51496" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See where the product focus is this month: On pumps and valves, including items from Air Logic, Clippard, Emerson, and PI.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_51496" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51496-product-focus-tubing-mdb-0924?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725714947/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51496/mdb-0924-p46_fig3r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> R&D: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50204-artificial-muscle-device-produces-force-34-times-its-weight?m=684">Artificial Muscle Device Produces Force 34 Times Its Weight</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_50204" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers have developed a fluid switch using ionic polymer artificial muscles that operates at ultra-low power and produces a force 34 times greater than its weight. Fluid switches control fluid flow, causing the fluid to flow in a specific direction to invoke various movements.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_50204" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50204-artificial-muscle-device-produces-force-34-times-its-weight?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1709504705/sites/mdb/features-16x9/50204/mdb-0324-p27_fig4r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49980-unlocking-innovation-in-small-scale-fluid-control?m=684">Unlocking Innovation in Small-Scale Fluid Control</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49980" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> As the demand for smaller, less intrusive — sometimes even wearable — products grow, engineers must meet these expectations without compromising on pump system performance.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49980" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49980-unlocking-innovation-in-small-scale-fluid-control?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1706841687/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49980/mdb-0224-p53_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49988-new-products-and-services-mdb-0224?m=684">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49988" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including precision injection molding from Medbio; Covestro's Makrolon 3638 polycarbonate; laser processing systems from Amada Weld Tech; biocompatible adhesives, sealants, and potting materials from EpoxySet; brushless ECX speed motors from maxon; and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49988" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49988-new-products-and-services-mdb-0224?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1706877361/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49988/mdb-0224-p64_fig6r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Software</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49652-new-products-and-services-1223?m=684">New Products & Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49652" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services, including Dillon Manufacturing's claw jaws, mesh-morphing technology from RBF Morph, an eQMS from Sierra Labs, Qosina's stopcock manifold, Surface Solutions Group's sustainable coating, Zuken's design platform, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49652" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49652-new-products-and-services-1223?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1701926495/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49652/mdb-1223-p28_fig6r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49569-vote-for-medical-design-briefs-2023-annual-readers-choice-awards?m=684">Vote for Medical Design Briefs 2023 Annual Readers’ Choice Awards</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49569" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Vote for the 2023 Product of the Year.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49569" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49569-vote-for-medical-design-briefs-2023-annual-readers-choice-awards?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1701580713/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49569/mdb-1222-voting-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-glasses me-1"></i> Features: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49441-closer-to-the-patient-miniaturization-of-point-of-care-testing-devices?m=684">Closer to the Patient: Miniaturization of Point-of-Care Testing Devices</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49441" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The global market for both point-of-care testing instruments and home-use medical devices is expected to grow rapidly over the coming decades. To meet this demand, developers will continue to design products that are smaller, less complex, and easier to use.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49441" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49441-closer-to-the-patient-miniaturization-of-point-of-care-testing-devices?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1698906784/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49441/mdb-1123-p14_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49469-product-of-the-month-1123-mdb?m=684">Product of the Month</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49469" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the product of the month: a micro diaphragm gas pump from KNF Neuberger.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49469" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49469-product-of-the-month-1123-mdb?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1698950666/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49469/mdb-1123-p33_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49279-product-of-the-month-mdb-1023?m=684">Product of The Month</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49279" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> This month's product: Trelleborg has launched a family of products, materials, and services for fluid path single-use equipment designed to accelerate the advancement of life-changing therapies.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49279" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49279-product-of-the-month-mdb-1023?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1696477492/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49279/mdb-1023-p53_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49196-product-focus-mechanical-components-1023?m=684">Product Focus: Mechanical Components</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49196" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Manifold for Respiratory Therapy A turnkey manifold solution designed to optimize respiratory therapy device designs and accelerate product speed to market is available from Emerson, St. Louis, MO. The the...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49196" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49196-product-focus-mechanical-components-1023?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1696375374/sites/mdb/features-16x9/49196/mdb-1023-p53_fig4r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48512-summer-2023-resource-guide?m=684">Summer 2023 Resource Guide</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_48512" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In our summer edition of the MDB Resource Guide, learn about new cleaning requirements and find the right company to match your medical-design needs.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_48512" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48512-summer-2023-resource-guide?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1688120413/sites/mdb/features-16x9/48512/mdb-0623-sr-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48038-product-focus-fluid-handling-2023?m=684">Product Focus: Fluid Handling</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_48038" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The Product Focus is on fluid handling, including miniature pinch valves, valve controller modules, rocker isolation valves, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_48038" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48038-product-focus-fluid-handling-2023?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1683730255/sites/mdb/features-16x9/48038/mdb-0523-p31_fig5r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Wearables</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47983-thread-like-pumps-power-next-gen-wearables?m=684">Thread-Like Pumps Power Next-Gen Wearables</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47983" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A fiber-like pump allows high-pressure fluidic circuits to be woven into textiles without an external pump. Soft supportive exoskeletons, thermoregulatory clothing, and immersive haptics can...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47983" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47983-thread-like-pumps-power-next-gen-wearables?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1682027466/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47983/20230421_medical_design_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Applications: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47511-the-case-for-rapid-transfer-ports-in-life-science-applications?m=684">The Case for Rapid Transfer Ports in Life Science Applications</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47511" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Here, the ways that RTPs can help optimize product-handling operations in the life science industries.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47511" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47511-the-case-for-rapid-transfer-ports-in-life-science-applications?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1676078315/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47511/mdb-0223-p60_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47512-new-products-and-services-mdb-0223?m=684">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47512" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> See the new products and services from Medical Design & Manufacturing (MD&M) West, including a leak test instrument, a brushless DC motor, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47512" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47512-new-products-and-services-mdb-0223?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1679014728/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47512/mdb-0223-p63_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Test & Measurement</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47484-medical-design-briefs-2021-technology-leaders?m=684">Medical Design Briefs: 2021 Technology Leaders</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47484" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Learn about the medical manufacturers and cutting-edge applications that stood out in 2021.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47484" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47484-medical-design-briefs-2021-technology-leaders?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1685565261/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47484/mdb-techleaders-2021-cover_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Supplements: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47472-winter-2022-resource-guide?m=684">Winter 2022 Resource Guide</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47472" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> In our summer edition of the MDB Resource Guide, learn about new cleaning requirements and find the right company to match your medical-design needs.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47472" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47472-winter-2022-resource-guide?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1675107019/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47472/mdb-1222-rg-fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47190-new-products-and-services-mdb-1222?m=684">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_47190" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> New products and services for December 2022, including a medical power offering, miniature solenoid valves, medical laser optics, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_47190" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/47190-new-products-and-services-mdb-1222?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1676774577/sites/mdb/features-16x9/47190/mdb-1222-p86_fig3r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_421',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_421' class=""></div></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> Inside Story: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49695-inside-story-mdb-1122?m=684">Inside Story: Selecting the Best Pump for Your Medical Device</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_49695" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> MDB spoke to Rodd Turnquist, National Sales Manager US, OEM Division, WMFTS, to find out more about selecting the best pumps for medical devices and accelerating time to market.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_49695" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49695-inside-story-mdb-1122?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1705773202/sites/mdb/articles/2022/features/MDB-1122-insidestory-fig1.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/46702-product-focus-mechanical-components-2022?m=684">Product Focus: Mechanical Components</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_46702" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Power Clamps Destaco, Auburn Hills, MI, has released a series of power clamps that feature a lightweight, enclosed aluminum housing and optimized mechanics. The 82L-3E series is available in three versions...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_46702" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/46702-product-focus-mechanical-components-2022?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1668408381/sites/mdb/features-16x9/46702/mdb-1022-p44_fig5_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/46467-product-focus-pumps-valves-2022?m=684">Product Focus: Pumps/Valves</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_46467" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Mass Flow Controller High-performance mass flow controllers and meters are available from Sensirion, Stafa, Switzerland. The SFC5500 mass flow controllers are calibrated for multiple gases and come with push-in...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_46467" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/46467-product-focus-pumps-valves-2022?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1662248260/sites/mdb/features-16x9/46467/mdb-0922-p40_fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Materials</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45945-new-3d-printing-technique-a-game-changer-for-medical-testing-devices?m=684">New 3D Printing Technique: A Game Changer for Medical Testing Devices</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_45945" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Microfluidic devices are compact testing tools made up of tiny channels carved on a chip, which allow biomedical researchers to test the properties of liquids, particles, and...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_45945" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45945-new-3d-printing-technique-a-game-changer-for-medical-testing-devices?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1654435699/sites/mdb/features-16x9/45945/mdb-0622-p24_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Electronics & Computers</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45946-smartphone-powered-microchip-enables-at-home-medical-diagnostic-testing?m=684">Smartphone-Powered Microchip Enables At-Home Medical Diagnostic Testing</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_45946" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A research team has developed a new microfluidic chip for diagnosing diseases that uses a minimal number of components and can be powered wirelessly by a smartphone. The...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_45946" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45946-smartphone-powered-microchip-enables-at-home-medical-diagnostic-testing?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1654435829/sites/mdb/features-16x9/45946/mdb-0622-p26_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> R&D: Photonics/Optics</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45573-new-thermofluidic-improves-lab-on-a-chip-applications?m=684">New Thermofluidic Improves Lab-On-a-Chip Applications</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_45573" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Researchers have succeeded in moving tiny amounts of liquid at will by remotely heating water over a metal film with a laser.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_45573" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45573-new-thermofluidic-improves-lab-on-a-chip-applications?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1649764166/sites/mdb/features-16x9/45573/mdb-0422-p42_fig3-n_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> R&D: Medical</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45574-microparticles-pave-way-for-microfluidic-devices?m=684">Microparticles Pave Way for Microfluidic Devices</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_45574" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> The research offers potential inspiration for microfluidic pumps that allow the controlled flow of liquids.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_45574" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45574-microparticles-pave-way-for-microfluidic-devices?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1649758303/sites/mdb/features-16x9/45574/mdb-0422-p42_fig4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-eye me-1"></i> INSIDER: Robotics, Automation & Control</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45448-self-sensing-soft-robots-use-electrochemically-driven-pumps?m=684">Self-Sensing Soft Robots Use Electrochemically Driven Pumps</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_45448" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> A fluid pump driven by electrochemical reactions is simple, lightweight, and silent, and it enables self-sensing actuation, with potential applications in wearable technology. The...</div></div></div> <div id="f2_45448" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/45448-self-sensing-soft-robots-use-electrochemically-driven-pumps?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1647462318/sites/mdb/features-16x9/45448/20220317_medical_robotics_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-balance-scale me-1"></i> Briefs: Mechanical & Fluid Systems</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40757-diy-kits-enable-users-to-build-their-own-peristaltic-pumps-for-microfluidics?m=684">DIY Kits Enable Users to Build Their Own Peristaltic Pumps for Microfluidics </a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_40757" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Users can download the design files to 3D print and assemble a customizable peristaltic pump.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_40757" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40757-diy-kits-enable-users-to-build-their-own-peristaltic-pumps-for-microfluidics?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1668323483/sites/mdb/features-16x9/40757/mdb-0222-p26_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div></div><div class="item-wrapper row mx-0 px-0"> <div class="col-12 px-0"> <h6 class="overline"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-hockey-puck me-1"></i> Products: Photonics/Optics</h6></div> <div class="col-xl-8 px-0 col-lg-7 col-12"> <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-12 ps-0 pe-lg-2 pe-0"> <h5><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40242-new-products-and-services-november-2021-medical-design-briefs?m=684">New Products and Services</a></h5></div> <div class="ps-0 pe-lg-2 col-12 pe-0"> <div id="f1_40242" class="float-end pb-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-5 ps-sm-2 d-lg-none d-flex px-0"></div> Power entry modules, application processors, proximity testing services, and more.</div></div></div> <div id="f2_40242" class="col-xl-4 pe-0 col-lg-5 d-lg-flex d-none"> <a class="w-100 feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/40242-new-products-and-services-november-2021-medical-design-briefs?m=684"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1636812864/sites/mdb/features-16x9/40242/mdb-1121-p40_fig5_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='object-fit-contain w-100 lazyload blur-up' 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width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></a></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-newspaper me-1"></i> From the Editor: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52292-from-the-editor-mdb-0125" alt="From the Editor - Bipartisan Legislation Could Fast-Track Breakthrough Medical Devices"> From the Editor - Bipartisan Legislation Could Fast-Track Breakthrough...</a></p></div></div></div><div class="row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Ask the Expert</h4> <div class="ntb-asktheexpert"> <h6>Ralph Bright on the Power of Power Cords</h6> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_3:4,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1593634190/sites/mdb/articles/2020/sponsored/asktheexpert/ralph_bright.jpg' class='float-start w-33 me-2 mb-1 lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Feature Image' /><p>Understanding power system components and how to connect them correctly is critical to meeting regulatory requirements and designing successful electrical products for worldwide markets. Interpower’s Ralph Bright defines these requirements and explains how to know which cord to select for your application.</p> <a href="/component/content/article/36279-ask-the-expert-ralph-bright-on-the-power-of-power-cords"> <button class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase"> Read More&nbsp;&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="story-list row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Webcasts</h4><div class="webinars-box story-list"> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1737827332/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52395/012025-mdb-podcast_adobe2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52395-the-integration-of-sensors-into-next-generation-health-devices"> The Integration of Sensors into Next-Generation Health Devices</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1737160371/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52396/011725-mdb-podcast-adobe_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Wearables</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52396-the-role-of-mems-in-next-gen-medical-devices"> The Role of MEMS in Next-Gen Medical Devices</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1734707379/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52272/122024_mdb_podcasts_adobe_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52272-implantable-sensors-for-internal-health-monitoring"> Implantable Sensors for Internal Health Monitoring</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730251179/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51616/enedo-a-guide-to-selecting-power-supplies_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51616-a-guide-to-selecting-power-supplies-for-medical-equipment"> A Guide to Selecting Power Supplies for Medical Equipment</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1733516507/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52229/120624-mdb-podcast_sensors_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-podcast me-1"></i> Podcasts: Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52229-the-rise-of-advanced-sensor-technologies"> The Rise of Advanced Sensor Technologies</a></p> <h6 class="overline"> <div class="float-end d-xl-block ms-1 d-none" style="width:80px"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730288828/sites/mdb/features-16x9/51806/cpc-benefits-of-streamlining_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <i class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-bullhorn me-1"></i> On-Demand Webinars: Medical</h6> <p class="story-min-height mt-1"> <a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51806-benefits-of-streamlining-fluid-connections-in-medical-applications"> Benefits of Streamlining Fluid Connections in Medical Applications</a></p></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script 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to develop a testing plan for package performance testing, MDB recently spoke with Sunny Modi, Director of Package Testing for Eurofins Medical Device Testing in Lancaster, PA.</p> <a href="/component/content/article/49692-inside-story-mdb-0323"> <button class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase"> Read More&nbsp;&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_300x150_125x125_234x60',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[300,150],[125,125],[234,60]],div_id:'GAM_pos_31_modid_400',target_pos:'31',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_31_modid_400' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[450,450],[300,300]],div_id:'GAM_pos_23_modid_402',target_pos:'23',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_23_modid_402' class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div> </section></div> <div class="row mt-5"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/medicaldesignbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_13_modid_403',target_pos:'13',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_13_modid_403' class=""></div></div></div><div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="col-12"> <h4 class="section-overline">Videos</h4></div> <div class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-tbtvrelated-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-tbtvrelated" class="bxs-tbtvrelated hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li style="width:175px"> <a class="w-100" 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