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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Voiceless postalveolar affricate</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li 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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style>The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound used in some <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The sound is transcribed in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> with ⟨t͡ʃ ⟩, ⟨t͜ʃ ⟩ ⟨tʃ ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʧ ⟩), or, in broad transcription, ⟨c⟩. This affricate has a dedicated symbol <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+02A7 ʧ LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. The alternative commonly used in American tradition is ⟨č⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip". <table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless postalveolar affricate</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">tʃ</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ʧ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103 134</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#116;&#865;&#643;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+0074 U+0361 U+0283</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>tS or t_rS</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> Historically, this sound often derives from a former <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless velar stop">voiceless velar stop</a> /k/ (as in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> church; also in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>), or a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental stop">voiceless dental stop</a> /t/ by way of palatalization, especially next to a <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowel</a> (as in English nature; also in <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, some accents of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a>, etc.). <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features">1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Occurrence">2 Occurrence</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Related_characters">2.1 Related characters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate">3 Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Features_2">3.1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Occurrence_2">3.2 Occurrence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes">4 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links">6 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate: <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a>, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" title="Palato-alveolar consonant">palato-alveolar</a>, that is, domed (partially <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a>) <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with the blade of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> behind the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, and the front of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the <a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">palate</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">чэмы</a>/čamë/چەمہـ</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B.ogg\/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361\u0283am\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0427\u044d\u043c\u044b.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B.ogg/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡ʃamə]</a><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B.ogg" title="File:Чэмы.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'cow' </td> <td>Some dialects contrast <a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">labialized</a> and non-labialized forms. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td>çelur</td> <td>[t͡ʃɛluɾ]</td> <td>'opened'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a></td> <td>Atkan dialect</td> <td>chamĝul</td> <td>[t͡ʃɑmʁul]</td> <td>'to wash'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez alphabet">አንቺ</a>/anči</td> <td>[ant͡ʃi]</td> <td>'you'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td> <td>Central <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">مكتبة</a> (Normally unwritten)/mačtabe</td> <td>[ˈmat͡ʃt̪abe]</td> <td>'library'</td> <td rowspan="3">Corresponds to [k] in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Arabic">Standard Arabic</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">varieties</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Arabic">Iraqi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">چتاب</a>/čitaab</td> <td>[t͡ʃɪˈt̪ɑːb]</td> <td rowspan="2">'book' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arabic" title="Jordanian Arabic">Jordanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">كتاب</a> (Normally unwritten)/čitaab</td> <td>[t͡ʃɪˈt̪aːb] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a></td> <td>chuego</td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃueɣo]</td> <td>'game'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">ճնճղուկ</a>/čënčquk</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d1\/T%CA%83nt%CA%83%CA%81uk.ogg\/T%CA%83nt%CA%83%CA%81uk.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361\u0283\u0259nt\u0361\u0283\u0281uk]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"T\u0283nt\u0283\u0281uk.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/T%CA%83nt%CA%83%CA%81uk.ogg/T%CA%83nt%CA%83%CA%81uk.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡ʃənt͡ʃʁuk]</a><a href="/wiki/File:T%CA%83nt%CA%83%CA%81uk.ogg" title="File:Tʃntʃʁuk.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'sparrow'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></td> <td>ܟ̰ܝܡܐ/č’yama</td> <td>[t͡ʃˤjɑmɑ]</td> <td>'to shut'</td> <td>Found in native terminology. Widespread usage in all dialect <a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_settlements" title="List of Assyrian settlements">varieties</a>. Developed from an original /tˤ/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asturian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Asturian alphabet">Chipre</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃipɾe]</td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>'</td> <td>Mostly found in loanwords, if possible, usually replaced by x [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Əkinçi</a>/اکینچی</td> <td>[æcint͡ʃʰi]</td> <td>'the ploughman'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">চশমা</a>/čošma</td> <td>[t͡ʃɔʃma]</td> <td>'spectacles'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">txalupa</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃalupa]</td> <td>'boat'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">чучулига</a>/čučuliga</td> <td>[t͡ʃʊt͡ʃuˈliɡɐ]</td> <td>'lark'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_phonology" title="Bulgarian phonology">Bulgarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">cotxe</a></td> <td>[ˈkɔ.t͡ʃə]</td> <td>'car'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Central Alaskan Yup'ik</a></td> <td>nacaq</td> <td>[ˈnat͡ʃaq]</td> <td>'parka hood'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_language" title="Choctaw language">Choctaw</a></td> <td>hakchioma</td> <td>[hakt͡ʃioma]</td> <td>'tobacco'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a></td> <td>Bohairic dialect</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">ϭⲟϩ</a>/čoh</td> <td>[t͡ʃʰɔh]</td> <td>'touch'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">morče</a></td> <td>[ˈmo̞rt͡ʃɛ]</td> <td>'guinea pig'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Dhivehi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">ޗަކަސް</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">čakas</a> </td> <td>[t͡ʃakas] </td> <td>'mud' </td> <td>Relatively rare, usually occurs in loanwords / onomatoepic words </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Tjongejonge</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃɔŋəjɔŋə]</td> <td>'jeez'</td> <td>An exclamation of (mild) annoyance, surprise, wonder or amazement.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Pronunciation is region dependent. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">beach</a></td> <td>[biːt͡ʃ]</td> <td>'beach'</td> <td>Slightly <a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">labialized</a> [tʃʷ]. See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">ĉar</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃar]</td> <td>'because'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_phonology" title="Esperanto phonology">Esperanto phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_orthography" title="Estonian orthography">tšello</a> </td> <td>[ˈtʃelˑo] </td> <td>'cello' </td> <td>Rare, occurs only in loanwords. see <a href="/wiki/Estonian_phonology" title="Estonian phonology">Estonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese alphabet">gera</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃeːɹa]</td> <td>'to do'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Faroese_phonology" title="Faroese phonology">Faroese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography">Tšekki</a> </td> <td>[ˈt̪ʃe̞kːi] </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a>' </td> <td>Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See <a href="/wiki/Finnish_phonology" title="Finnish phonology">Finnish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">caoutchouc</a></td> <td>[kaut͡ʃu]</td> <td>'rubber'</td> <td>Relatively rare; occurs mostly in <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>. See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="French alphabet">tiens</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃɛ̃]</td> <td>'(I/you) keep'</td> <td>Allophone of /k/ and /tj/ before a front vowel. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></td> <td>cheo</td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃeo]</td> <td>'full'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> /t͡ʃ/ is conserved in Galician and merged with /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/ in most Portuguese dialects. See <a href="/wiki/Galician_phonology" title="Galician phonology">Galician phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">ჩიხი</a>/čixi</td> <td>[t͡ʃixi]</td> <td>'impasse'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-MangoldPA-5">[5]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_alphabet" title="German alphabet">Tschüss</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃʏs]</td> <td>'bye'</td> <td>Laminal or apico-laminal and strongly labialized.<a href="#cite_note-MangoldPA-5">[5]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">τσ̌άι</a>/čai</td> <td>[t͡ʃɑːiː]</td> <td>'tea'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></td> <td>ciwo/ثِيوُاْ</td> <td>[t͡ʃíː.wòː]</td> <td>'disease, pain'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">תשובה</a>/čuva</td> <td>[t͡ʃuˈva]</td> <td>'answer'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">चाय</a>/čáy</td> <td rowspan="2">[t͡ʃɑːj]</td> <td rowspan="2">'tea'</td> <td rowspan="2">Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasta%27liq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasta'liq">چائے</a>/çáy </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole language">Haitian Creole</a></td> <td>match</td> <td>[mat͡ʃ]</td> <td>'sports match'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet" title="Hungarian alphabet">gyümölcslé</a></td> <td>[ˈɟymølt͡ʃleː]</td> <td>'fruit juice'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">ciao</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃaːo]</td> <td>'hi'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_orthography" title="Javanese orthography">cedhak</a>/ꦕꦼꦣꦏ꧀/چۤڎَاك</td> <td>[t͡ʃəɖaʔ]</td> <td>'near'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_language" title="Kʼicheʼ language">Kʼicheʼ</a></td> <td>K'iche'</td> <td>[kʼiˈt͡ʃeʔ]</td> <td>'Kʼicheʼ''</td> <td>Contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a> form </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">чэнж</a>/čanž/چەنژ</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B6.ogg\/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B6.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361\u0283an\u0292]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0427\u044d\u043d\u0436.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B6.ogg/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B6.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡ʃanʒ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B6.ogg" title="File:Чэнж.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'shallow'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td> <td>czësto </td> <td>[t͡ʃəstɔ]</td> <td>'cleanly'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurmanji alphabet">hirç</a>/هرچ</td> <td>[hɪɾt͡ʃ]</td> <td>'bear'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Spanish">Ladino</a></td> <td>kolcha/קולגﬞה</td> <td>[ˈkolt͡ʃa]</td> <td>'quilt'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">чека/čeka</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃɛka]</td> <td>'wait'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phonology" title="Macedonian phonology">Macedonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </td> <td>Standard </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">cuci</a>/چوچي </td> <td rowspan="2">[t͡ʃut͡ʃi] </td> <td rowspan="2">'to wash' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Malay_phonology" title="Malay phonology">Malay phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td> <td>Palatal [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a>] according to some analyses. See <a href="/wiki/Malay_phonology" title="Malay phonology">Malay phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">bliċ</a></td> <td>[blit͡ʃ]</td> <td>'bleach'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></td> <td>çhiarn</td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃaːrn]</td> <td>'lord'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">चहा</a>/čahá</td> <td>[t͡ʃəhaː]</td> <td>'tea'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of /tɕ / and /ts/.See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkha dialect">Khalkha dialect</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">наргиж</a>/nargič <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top; max-height:2em; word-wrap:normal">ᠨᠠᠷᠭᠢᠵ </td> <td>[ˈnargit͡ʃ] </td> <td>'laugh' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></td> <td>āyōtōchtli</td> <td>[aːjoːˈtoːt͡ʃt͡ɬi]</td> <td>'armadillo'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td>Some dialects</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">kjøkken</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃøkːen]</td> <td>'kitchen'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td> <td>jaro</td> <td>[t͡ʃaɾo]</td> <td>'needle'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Occitan_alphabet" title="Occitan alphabet">chuc</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃyk]</td> <td>'juice'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Occitan_phonology" title="Occitan phonology">Occitan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">ଚକ</a>/caka</td> <td>[t͡ʃɔkɔ]</td> <td>'wheel'</td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">چوب</a>/чӯб/çub</td> <td>[t͡ʃʰuːb]</td> <td>'wood'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Istebna" title="Gmina Istebna">Gmina Istebna</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">ciemny</a></td> <td rowspan="5">[ˈt͡ʃɛmn̪ɘ]</td> <td rowspan="5">'dark'</td> <td rowspan="5">/ʈ͡ʂ/ and /t͡ɕ/ merge into [t͡ʃ] in these dialects. In standard Polish, /t͡ʃ/ is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">voiceless retroflex affricate</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian dialect">Lubawa dialect</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubisz-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian dialect">Malbork dialect</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubisz-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian dialect">Ostróda dialect</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubisz-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian dialect">Warmia dialect</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubisz-9">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </td> <td>Most northern and some central Portuguese dialects </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">chamar</a> </td> <td>[t͡ʃɐˈmaɾ] </td> <td>'to call' </td> <td>Archaic realization of etymological ⟨ch⟩. Its use is diminishing due to influence of the standard language, being replaced by [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Most <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian</a> dialects<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">presente</a></td> <td>[pɾe̞ˈzẽ̞t͡ʃi]</td> <td>'present'</td> <td>Allophone of /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a>/ before /i, ĩ/ (including when [i, ĩ, j] is not actually produced) and other instances of [i] (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis#Epenthesis_of_a_vowel,_or_anaptyxis" title="Epenthesis">epenthesis</a>), marginal sound otherwise. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Most dialects</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">tchau</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃaw]</td> <td>'bye'</td> <td>In Standard European Portuguese it occurs only in recent loanwords. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">ਚੌਲ</a>/ چول/čol</td> <td>[t͡ʃɔːl]</td> <td>'rice'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Quechua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua language">Quechua</a></td> <td>chunka</td> <td>[t͡ʃʊŋka]</td> <td>'ten'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romani_alphabets" title="Romani alphabets">ćiriklo</a> </td> <td>[t͡ʃiriˈklo] </td> <td>'bird' </td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">cer</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃe̞r]</td> <td>'sky'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td> <td>joni</td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃɔni]</td> <td>'to flee'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic alphabet">slàinte</a></td> <td>[ˈsl̪ˠaːnʲt͡ʃə]</td> <td>'health'</td> <td>Southern dialects only; standard pronunciation is [tʲ]. See <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic phonology">Scottish Gaelic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a></td> <td>Some speakers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">čokoláda</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">чоколада</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃo̞ko̞ˈɫǎ̠ːd̪a̠]</td> <td>'chocolate'</td> <td>In varieties that do not distinguish /ʈ͡ʂ/ from /t͡ɕ/. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Istebna" title="Gmina Istebna">Gmina Istebna</a><a href="#cite_note-D%C4%85browska-12">[12]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">szpańelsko</td> <td>[t̠͡ʃpaɲɛskɔ]</td> <td rowspan="2">'Spanish'</td> <td rowspan="2">These dialects merge /ʈ͡ʂ/ and /t͡ɕ/ into [t͡ʃ]. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jablunkov" title="Jablunkov">Jablunkov</a><a href="#cite_note-D%C4%85browska-12">[12]</a></td> <td>[t̠͡ʃpaɲɛlskɔ] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </td> <td>číslo </td> <td>[t͡ʃiːslo] </td> <td>'number' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Slovak_phonology" title="Slovak phonology">Slovak phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">koča</a> </td> <td>[ˈkòːt͡ʃáː] </td> <td>'cottage' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">chocolate</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/00\/Chocolate_Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate_Latin_Spanish.wav\/Chocolate_Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate_Latin_Spanish.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[t\u0361\u0283o\u031eko\u031e\u02c8l\u00e4t\u032ae\u031e]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Chocolate Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate Latin Spanish.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Chocolate_Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate_Latin_Spanish.wav/Chocolate_Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate_Latin_Spanish.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[t͡ʃo̞ko̞ˈlät̪e̞]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolate_Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate_Latin_Spanish.wav" title="File:Chocolate Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate Latin Spanish.wav">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'chocolate'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td>jicho</td> <td>[ʄit͡ʃo]/جِيچٗ</td> <td>'eye'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Finland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">tjugo</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃʉːɡʉ]</td> <td>'twenty'</td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some rural Swedish dialects</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">kärlek</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃæːɭeːk]</td> <td>'love' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography">tsuper</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃʊˈpɛɾ]</td> <td>'driver'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_phonology" title="Tagalog phonology">Tagalog phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_alphabet" title="Tlingit alphabet">jinkaat</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃinkʰaːtʰ]</td> <td>'ten'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">çok</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃok]</td> <td>'very'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap</a></td> <td>cat</td> <td>[t͡ʃad]</td> <td>'love'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ubykh_language" title="Ubykh language">Ubykh</a></td> <td>Çəbƹəja/čëbžëya</td> <td>[t͡ʃəbʒəja]</td> <td>'pepper'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ubykh_phonology" title="Ubykh phonology">Ubykh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">чотири</a>/čotyry</td> <td>[t͡ʃo̞ˈtɪrɪ]</td> <td>'four'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">choʻl/çúl</a>/چۉل</td> <td>[t͡ʃɵl]</td> <td>'desert'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">tsips</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃɪps]</td> <td>'chips'</td> <td>Occurs in loanwords. See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish alphabet">טשאַטשקע/čačke</a></td> <td>[t͡ʃat͡ʃkɛ]</td> <td>'knick-knack'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_phonology" title="Yiddish phonology">Yiddish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec language">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td> <td>chane</td> <td>[t͡ʃanɘ]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> have a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate</a> /t͡ɕ/; this is technically postalveolar but it is less precise to use /t͡ʃ/. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Related characters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are several <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters based on the tesh digraph (ʧ): <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+107AE 𐞮 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TESH DIGRAPH is an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA superscript letter</a><a href="#cite_note-L220252-16">[16]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+1DF17 𝼗 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK is used in <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcription</a><a href="#cite_note-L220125-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-L221021-18">[18]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+1DF1C 𝼜 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK has been used in phonetic descriptions of <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate">Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">tɹ̝̊˗</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate.ogg/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate.ogg" title="File:Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_2">Features</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a>, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence_2">Occurrence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017144-20">[20]</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">tree</a></td> <td rowspan="3">[t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪi̯]</td> <td rowspan="4">'tree'</td> <td rowspan="4">Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence /tr/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017144-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells2008-22">[22]</a> In General American and Received Pronunciation, the less common alternative is alveolar [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a>].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192-21">[21]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells2008-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells2008-22">[22]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatson2002">Watson (2002</a>:17) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDum-Tragut2009">Dum-Tragut (2009</a>:13) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tjongejonge">"Tjongejonge"</a>. 2 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tjongejonge&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Ftjongejonge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShostedChikovani2006">Shosted & Chikovani (2006</a>:255) </li> <li id="cite_note-MangoldPA-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MangoldPA_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MangoldPA_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold (2005</a>:51–52) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004">Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004</a>:117) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Treder" class="citation web cs1">Jerzy Treder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">"Fonetyka i fonologia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">the original</a> on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fonetyka+i+fonologia&rft.au=Jerzy+Treder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.net%2Frastko-ka%2Findex2.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D227%26pop%3D1%26page%3D0%26Itemid%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLadefoged2005">Ladefoged (2005</a>:158) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dubisz-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dubisz_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dubisz_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dubisz_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dubisz_9-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubiszKara%C5%9BKolis1995">Dubisz, Karaś & Kolis (1995</a>:62) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004">Barbosa & Albano (2004</a>:228) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlevins1994">Blevins (1994</a>:492) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dąbrowska-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D%C4%85browska_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-D%C4%85browska_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFD%C4%85browska2004">Dąbrowska (2004</a>:?) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003</a>:255) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995">Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMerrill2008">Merrill (2008</a>:108) </li> <li id="cite_note-L220252-16"><a href="#cite_ref-L220252_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAshby2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">"L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-252R%3A+Unicode+request+for+IPA+modifier-letters+%28a%29%2C+pulmonic&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220125-17"><a href="#cite_ref-L220125_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf">"L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-125R%3A+Unicode+request+for+expected+IPA+retroflex+letters+and+similar+letters+with+hooks&rft.date=2020-07-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-L221021-18"><a href="#cite_ref-L221021_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf">"L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-021%3A+Reference+doc+numbers+for+L2%2F20-266R+%22Consolidated+code+chart+of+proposed+phonetic+characters%22+and+IPA+etc.+code+point+and+name+changes&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerEverson2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Everson, Michael (2021-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf">"L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-004%3A+Unicode+request+for+dezh+with+retroflex+hook&rft.date=2021-01-03&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017144-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017144_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017144_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoxFletcher2017">Cox & Fletcher (2017)</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186–188,_192-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014177,_186%E2%80%93188,_192_21-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCruttenden2014">Cruttenden (2014)</a>, pp. 177, 186–188, 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells2008-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells2008_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells2008_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells2008_22-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWells2008">Wells (2008)</a>. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004" class="citation journal cs1">Barbosa, Plínio A.; 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63926-9"><bdi>978-1-316-63926-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+English+Pronunciation+and+Transcription&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-316-63926-9&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZBs3DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruttenden2014" class="citation book cs1">Cruttenden, Alan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ">Gimson's Pronunciation of English</a> (8th ed.). 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Mannheim: Dudenverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-411-04066-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-411-04066-7"><bdi>978-3-411-04066-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.place=Mannheim&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Dudenverlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-411-04066-7&rft.aulast=Mangold&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11365507">"Castilian Spanish"</a>. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (2): 255–259. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001373">10.1017/S0025100303001373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Castilian+Spanish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-259&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001373&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Planas%2C+Ana+Ma.&rft.au=Carrera-Sabat%C3%A9%2C+Josefina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11365507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrill2008" class="citation journal cs1">Merrill, Elizabeth (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf">"Tilquiapan Zapotec"</a> (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 38 (1): 107–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100308003344">10.1017/S0025100308003344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Tilquiapan+Zapotec&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-114&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100308003344&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balsas-nahuatl.org%2Fmixtec%2FChristian_articles%2FOtomanguean%2FMerrill.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001628">"Italian"</a>. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 34 (1): 117–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001628">10.1017/S0025100304001628</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Italian&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-121&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001628&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=d%27Arcangeli%2C+Luciana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0025100304001628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShostedChikovani2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf">"Standard Georgian"</a> (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 36 (2): 255–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100306002659">10.1017/S0025100306002659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Standard+Georgian&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-264&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002659&rft.aulast=Shosted&rft.aufirst=Ryan+K.&rft.au=Chikovani%2C+Vakhtang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2FA7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF%2FS0025100306002659a.pdf%2Fstandard_georgian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2002" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Janet (2002). The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+and+Morphology+of+Arabic&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405881180" title="Special:BookSources/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+postalveolar+affricate" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=t%CC%A0%CA%83">List of languages with [t̠ʃ]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable 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<noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&oldid=1254684910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&oldid=1254684910</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 1 November 2024, at 04:55 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmlose_postalveolare_Affrikate" title="Stimmlose postalveolare Affrikate – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmlose postalveolare Affrikate" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لثوي غاري مزجي مهموس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لثوي غاري مزجي مهموس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africada_postalveolar_xorda" title="Africada postalveolar xorda – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Africada postalveolar xorda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africada_postalveolar_sorda" title="Africada postalveolar sorda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Africada postalveolar sorda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheng_kok-g%C3%BBn_sat-chhat-im" title="Chheng kok-gûn sat-chhat-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheng kok-gûn sat-chhat-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensonenn_drekkevig_dre_fic%27hal_divouezh" title="Kensonenn drekkevig dre fic'hal divouezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kensonenn drekkevig dre fic'hal divouezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africada_postalveolar_sorda" title="Africada postalveolar sorda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Africada postalveolar sorda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_postalveol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_afrik%C3%A1ta" title="Neznělá postalveolární afrikáta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neznělá postalveolární afrikáta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmlose_postalveolare_Affrikate" title="Stimmlose postalveolare Affrikate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmlose postalveolare Affrikate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africada_postalveolar_sorda" title="Africada postalveolar sorda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Africada postalveolar sorda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_palato-alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée palato-alvéolaire sourde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne affriquée palato-alvéolaire sourde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%B1_%ED%9B%84%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD_%ED%8C%8C%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="무성 후치경 파찰음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무성 후치경 파찰음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dna_postalveolarna_afrikata" title="Bezvučna postalveolarna afrikata – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bezvučna postalveolarna afrikata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricata_postalveolare_sorda" title="Affricata postalveolare sorda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Affricata postalveolare sorda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A8-%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9A_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7,_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="עיצור בתר-מכתשי, מחוכך שורק, אטום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור בתר-מכתשי, מחוכך שורק, אטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letusan_lelangit-gusi_tak_bersuara" title="Letusan lelangit-gusi tak bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Letusan lelangit-gusi tak bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemloze_postalveolaire_affricaat" title="Stemloze postalveolaire affricaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemloze postalveolaire affricaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%A3%B0%E5%BE%8C%E9%83%A8%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E7%A0%B4%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="無声後部歯茎破擦音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無声後部歯茎破擦音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_zwarto-szczelinowa_zadzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_bezd%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska zwarto-szczelinowa zadziąsłowa bezdźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska zwarto-szczelinowa zadziąsłowa bezdźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africada_p%C3%B3s-alveolar_surda" title="Africada pós-alveolar surda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Africada pós-alveolar surda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_africat%C4%83_postalveolar%C4%83_surd%C4%83" title="Consoană africată postalveolară surdă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană africată postalveolară surdă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Глухая постальвеолярная аффриката – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глухая постальвеолярная аффриката" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Безвучни тврди плозив – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Безвучни тврди плозив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เสียงกักเสียดแทรก หลังปุ่มเหงือก ไม่ก้อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงกักเสียดแทรก หลังปุ่มเหงือก ไม่ก้อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCms%C3%BCz_artdi%C5%9Fyuvas%C4%B1l_patlamal%C4%B1_s%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmeli_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümsüz artdişyuvasıl patlamalı sürtünmeli ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümsüz artdişyuvasıl patlamalı sürtünmeli ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Глухий заясенний африкат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глухий заясенний африкат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afregada_postalveo%C5%82are_sorda" title="Afregada postalveołare sorda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Afregada postalveołare sorda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%85%AD%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清腭齦塞擦音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="清腭齦塞擦音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-t4t9b","wgBackendResponseTime":238,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.685","walltime":"1.917","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14893,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":491359,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":51016,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92431,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1649.146 1 -total"," 31.23% 514.946 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 28.26% 466.087 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 22.87% 377.166 4 Template:IPA_common"," 15.68% 258.614 257 Template:IPA_link"," 14.19% 233.973 79 Template:Lang"," 13.84% 228.163 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants"," 11.32% 186.765 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants/table"," 9.26% 152.671 112 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