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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spectre of civil war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spectre_of_civil_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Formation of the Union of South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Degradation_of_non-racialism_in_the_Cape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degradation_of_non-racialism_in_the_Cape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Degradation of non-racialism in the Cape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degradation_of_non-racialism_in_the_Cape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Apartheid years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Post-apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendum_Ultimatum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendum_Ultimatum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Referendum Ultimatum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referendum_Ultimatum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal position</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_position-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal position subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Calling_of_a_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calling_of_a_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Calling of a referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calling_of_a_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right_to_self-determination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_to_self-determination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Right to self-determination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_to_self-determination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polling_and_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polling_and_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opinion polling and support</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opinion_polling_and_support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opinion polling and support subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polling_and_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Opinion polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Cape_Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Cape_Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Western Cape Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Cape_Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arguments_used_by_supporters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arguments_used_by_supporters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arguments used by supporters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arguments_used_by_supporters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arguments used by supporters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arguments_used_by_supporters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cultural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Economic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideological" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideological"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ideological</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideological-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-racialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-racialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Non-racialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-racialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Stability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involved_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involved_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Involved organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involved_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Independence&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Secessionist movement in South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The article is about the secessionist movement. For the political parties centred around the movement, see <a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence_Party" title="Cape Independence Party">Cape Independence Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Referendum Party (South Africa)">Referendum Party (South Africa)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg/220px-Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg/330px-Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg/440px-Cape_independence_march_cpt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>March for Cape Independence</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cape independence</b> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>: <i>Kaapse onafhanklikheid</i>; <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">isiXhosa</a>: <i>inkululeko yaseKapa</i>), also known by the portmanteau <b>CapeXit</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secessionist</a> political movement that seeks the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">province</a> (alongside Afrikaans-speaking portions of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cape" title="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a> provinces in some proposals)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_context">Demographic context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographic context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg/220px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg/330px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg/440px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_the_Western_Cape_highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Borders of the Western Cape in dark red.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Western Cape province is the most racially diverse province in South Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-:16_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being the single province with no <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Ethnic groups in South Africa">majority racial group</a>. A plurality of the Cape's inhabitants are '<a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloured</a>', a diverse group of people with varying ancestry from Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just under half of Western Cape inhabitants speak <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> as a first language, with sizeable minorities speaking <a href="/wiki/IsiXhosa" class="mw-redirect" title="IsiXhosa">isiXhosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a> as their first languages.<sup id="cite_ref-censusrep2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusrep2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_context">Political context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mainstream political figures including <a href="/wiki/John_Steenhuisen" title="John Steenhuisen">John Steenhuisen</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a>, have indicated support for <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a> proposals that would give the Western Cape more autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics of devolution proposals, including <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC) leaders, argue that they amount to covert support for Cape independence.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_racism">Accusations of racism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Accusations of racism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png/220px-CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png/330px-CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png/440px-CIAG_Press_Conference-0001.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Committee members of the Cape Independence Advisory Group.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cape independence movement has been met with criticism involving racism.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some critics allege that the movement is an attempt to create a white ethnonationalist state and seeking to reimplement the former apartheid system.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polling conducted by Victory Research on behalf of the Cape Independence Advocacy Group (CIAG) in Q3 2023 found that 62% of white people, 78% of coloured people, and 31% of black people supported Cape independence.<sup id="cite_ref-poll_23_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll_23-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, the CIAG was accused of racism for a pictograph which depicted the rest of South Africa as black and the Western Cape as shades of brown, black, and white. This was displayed alongside two other images with the imagery of the USSR and ANC over South Africa, with only the Western Cape showing the Ukrainian and Democratic Alliance colours under the heading "We're Just Different".<sup id="cite_ref-capetownetc.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetownetc.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legality_arguments">Legality arguments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legality arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics argue that a constitutional amendment would be required, as Section 235 of the South African Constitution, while formally and officially establishing <i>"the right of self-determination of any community sharing a common cultural and language heritage"</i>, does not place a legal obligation for the National Assembly to respect this right to self determination; and hence, that a referendum would be non-binding; nor does it provide a framework for a territory of the Republic to secede.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, critics argue that advocating is tantamount to <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – however, former National Prosecuting Authority spokesperson Mthunzi Mhlaga has stated that secession is a political matter.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectre_of_civil_war">Spectre of civil war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spectre of civil war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is claimed by other opponents of the Cape independence movement that even if a successful referendum were to be held, the national government would never recognise the outcome and would commission the military to control the region, thus leading to a possible <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa">Formation of the Union of South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Formation of the Union of South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa#Previous_attempts_at_unification" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa § Previous attempts at unification</a></div> <p>In the late 19th century there were four colonies and independent states in what is now South Africa – the British <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> and the two Boer Republics – <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a>. There were numerous attempts to unify these separate entities due to fears of external (non-British) European powers potentially interfering.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous proposals were put forward from a highly <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralised</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> to a more loose <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralised</a> <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> as proposed by powerful Cape politician <a href="/wiki/Saul_Solomon" title="Saul Solomon">Saul Solomon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately these endeavours failed, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">war</a> broke out between the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a> following the discovery of gold in the South African Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Colony00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cape_Colony00.jpg/220px-Cape_Colony00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cape_Colony00.jpg/330px-Cape_Colony00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cape_Colony00.jpg/440px-Cape_Colony00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Cape Colony in 1809</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the British victory in the war, the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> was passed by the British parliament and the newly conquered republics alongside the Cape Colony and Natal were unified into one <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralised</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">state</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>. This was unlike the formation of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion of Australia">Australia</a> which were created as <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Degradation_of_non-racialism_in_the_Cape">Degradation of non-racialism in the Cape</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Degradation of non-racialism in the Cape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise" title="Cape Qualified Franchise">Cape Qualified Franchise</a></div> <p>The former Cape Colony was unique in that the franchise to vote was not determined by skin colour, but on residential, economical and educational requirements, in stark contrast to the other states in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the negotiations for the creation of the Union, the Cape's last Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/John_X._Merriman" title="John X. Merriman">John X. Merriman</a>, fought unsuccessfully to have this multi-racial franchise system extended to the rest of South Africa. The attempt failed in the face of opposition from the white governments of the other constituent states, which were determined to entrench white rule.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final version of the South Africa Act permitted the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a> to keep a newly restricted version of its traditional franchise, where qualification for suffrage was limited to education and wealth. This led to the Cape being the only province in South Africa where <a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">coloureds</a> and black Africans could vote. However, the act also permitted the Parliament of South Africa to prescribe all other voting qualifications and it could override the Cape's franchise with a two-thirds majority.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg/220px-JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg/330px-JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg/440px-JT_Jabavu_-_A_Abdurahman_-_W_Schreiner_-_W_Rubusana_and_other_Cape_politicians_of_anti-South_Africa_Act_delegation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>The multi-racial Cape opposition delegation which lobbied the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">London Convention on Union</a> for the non-racial franchise. Present are prominent Cape politicians such as <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abdurahman" title="Abdullah Abdurahman">Abdurahman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tengo_Jabavu" title="John Tengo Jabavu">John Tengo Jabavu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rubusana" title="Walter Rubusana">Walter Rubusana</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Philip_Schreiner" class="mw-redirect" title="William Philip Schreiner">William Schreiner</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the right to this franchise was upheld, but with the substantial support for segregation based policies from the incorporated northern regions, these rights were gradually reduced via acts of parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had a significant effect on the support for more liberal politics, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a>, which drew large support from coloured people in the Cape. As a result, in 1948 the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> won the national elections while campaigning on the platform of apartheid, being enable to draw on conservative white voters in the more densely populated north.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sahistory-1948election_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahistory-1948election-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid_years">Apartheid years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Apartheid years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the subsequent apartheid years, the people of the Cape Province continued with their <a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise#The_Cape_Liberal_Tradition" title="Cape Qualified Franchise">liberal traditions</a>. In 1951, whilst in opposition to the National Party led government's move to finally strike all coloureds off the voters roll, the <a href="/wiki/Torch_Commando" title="Torch Commando">torch commando</a> led many large scale protests in the Cape against those policies, with torch lit marches in Cape Town that drew up to 75,000 protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within parliament, opposition towards apartheid was led under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party</a>, where the majority of their support was drawn from the Cape Province.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As negotiations to end apartheid began, renewed calls to form a decentralised federal state came from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa)">Democratic Party</a> (successor to the Progressive Party) and the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front</a> amongst others. In the end via <a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">CODESA accords</a>, the National Party (NP) and <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC) agreed upon a partially-devolved unitary state instead.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-apartheid">Post-apartheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-apartheid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the fall of Apartheid and the implementation of a new constitution, the Cape Province and other provinces were divided into new provinces: The Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a>. During the 1994 election, the Western Cape was one of the only provinces who <a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">didn't vote</a> for the ANC, instead opting to vote for the now reformed and non-racial <a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New National Party (South Africa)">New National Party</a>. Throughout the following years, the ANC never managed to attain an outright majority in the Western Cape, only forming a provincial government once from 2004 to 2009 during a period of strong economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As economic growth stagnated alongside a rise in political scandals, such as the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Arms_Deal" title="South African Arms Deal">Arms Deal</a> & <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism_in_South_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS denialism in South Africa">HIV denialism</a>, the Western Cape voted for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a> in 2009 who have been in office ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Growth">Growth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg/201px-Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="201" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg/302px-Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg/402px-Proposed_Flag_of_the_Cape_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption>The most widely used flag of the Cape Independence movement.</figcaption></figure><p>The modern Cape independence movement started in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-Cape_Party_grows_out_of_Facebook_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cape_Party_grows_out_of_Facebook-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Party">Cape Party</a> was founded off a Facebook group based on the growing disillusionment with the national government's continued use of race-based policies and declining economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Cape_must_secede_from_SA_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cape_must_secede_from_SA-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement gained little traction until the latter half of the 2010s when, after years of persistent <a href="/wiki/State_capture" title="State capture">government corruption</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the inability of the DA to significantly grow outside of the Cape,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> slowed economic growth, and increasing nationalist rhetoric within and outside of the Cape,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other organisations such as CapeXit, Gatvol Capetonian, and the Sovereign State of Good Hope were formed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the onset of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and further disillusionment with the national government failing to reform despite a new leader, the movement began to gain momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year the Cape Independence Advocacy Group (a political pressure group) was formed followed by polling on the issue to be conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front Plus</a> came out in support of Cape independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the persistence of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">pandemic</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">large scale social unrest</a>, where over 300 people died in the east and the north of the country in 2021, the movement continued to grow on this trajectory.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_58-0" class="reference"><a 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#96252B; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Politics of the Western Cape"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Politics of the</small><br />Western Cape</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Constitution of the Western Cape">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="List of acts of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament">List of acts of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Government of the Western Cape">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Premier of the Western Cape">Premier</a></b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Hon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hon">The Hon</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Winde" title="Alan Winde">Alan Winde</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a> </p> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Executive Council of the Western Cape">Provincial Cabinet</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Provincial Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Western Cape Parliament</a></b> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_7th_Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="List of members of the 7th Western Cape Provincial Parliament"> The Seventh Provincial Parliament</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Speaker</a></b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Daylin_Mitchell" title="Daylin Mitchell">Daylin Mitchell</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Deputy Speaker</a></b> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reagan_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reagan Allen (page does not exist)">Reagan Allen</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Chief Whip of the Majority Party</a></b> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillon_Bosman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gillon Bosman (page does not exist)">Gillon Bosman</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a></b> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_Sayed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid Sayed (page does not exist)">Khalid Sayed</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Chief Whip of the Official Opposition</a></b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ayanda_Bans" title="Ayanda Bans">Ayanda Bans</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Western_Cape)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape)">MMP</a> </p> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political Parties</a></div></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">EFF</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Good_(political_party)" title="Good (political party)">GOOD</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/African_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="African Christian Democratic Party">ACDP</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">FF+</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Al_Jama-ah" title="Al Jama-ah">ALJAMA</a></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_South_Africa" title="High Court of South Africa">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Division" title="Western Cape Division">Western Cape Division</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_the_Western_Cape" title="List of municipalities in the Western Cape"> Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_the_Western_Cape" title="List of municipalities in the Western Cape">List of municipalities in the Western Cape</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><b>Provincial:</b> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/1994_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="1994 Western Cape provincial election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/1999_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="1999 Western Cape provincial election">1999</a> <a href="/wiki/2004_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2004 Western Cape provincial election">2004</a> <a href="/wiki/2009_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2009 Western Cape provincial election">2009</a> <a href="/wiki/2014_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2014 Western Cape provincial election">2014</a> <a href="/wiki/2019_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2019 Western Cape provincial election">2019</a> <a href="/wiki/2024_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2024 Western Cape provincial election">2024</a></div> <p><b>Municipal:</b> </p> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/2000_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2000 South African municipal elections">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/2006_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2006 South African municipal elections">2006</a> <a href="/wiki/2011_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2011 South African municipal elections">2011</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2016 South African municipal elections">2016</a> <a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_municipal_elections" title="2021 South African municipal elections">2021</a></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise#The_Cape_Liberal_Tradition" title="Cape Qualified Franchise"> Cape Liberal Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background: rgba(49, 73, 137, 0.4);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Other provinces</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Eastern_Cape" title="Politics of the Eastern Cape">Politics of the Eastern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Free State">Politics of the Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Gauteng">Politics of Gauteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of KwaZulu-Natal">Politics of KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Limpopo" title="Politics of Limpopo">Politics of Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mpumalanga" title="Politics of Mpumalanga">Politics of Mpumalanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Cape" title="Politics of the Northern Cape">Politics of the Northern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_West_(South_African_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of North West (South African province)">Politics of North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Politics of the Western Cape">Politics of the Western Cape</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Western_Cape" title="Template:Politics of Western Cape"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Western_Cape" title="Template talk:Politics of Western Cape"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Western_Cape" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Western Cape"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2023 two bills were tabled in the Western Cape Provincial Legislature that sought to give the province more political power. The Western Cape People's Bill (WCPB), tabled by the FF+, was a bill that aimed to recognise 'Western Capetonians' as a distinct people from the rest of South Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-WCPB_bn_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCPB_bn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Western Cape Provincial Powers Bill (WCPPB) aimed to compel the Western Cape government to investigate and use all legal means to devolve as much power down to the province as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-WCPPB_n24_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCPPB_n24-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Referendum_Ultimatum">Referendum Ultimatum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Referendum Ultimatum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2023 the Cape Referendum Alliance, a group of pro-independence organisations sent an ultimatum to Premier Alan Winde for him to call a referendum on independence or for him to ask the President of South Africa to call one. The Premier refused. </p><p>As a result the CIAG launched the <a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Referendum Party (South Africa)"> Referendum Party</a> (RP) in response. A single-issue political party that seeks to keep a DA-led Western Cape government but force the issue of a referendum as its coalition condition.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_position">Legal position</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legal position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calling_of_a_referendum">Calling of a referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Calling of a referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Section 127 of the South African Constitution gives provisions for the Premiers to call for referendums in their own province.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_ref_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons_ref-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is not currently legally possible. The Democratic Alliance has introduced a bill in 2021 to align the law with the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, section 37(f) of the constitution of the Western Cape also gives provisions for Premiers to call for referendums. Proponents of secession hence argue that it is a possibility to hold a referendum on Cape Independence within the Western cape.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_self-determination">Right to self-determination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Right to self-determination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Section 235 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa#Chapter_14" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a> states:</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CapePartyPassport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CapePartyPassport.jpg/150px-CapePartyPassport.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CapePartyPassport.jpg/225px-CapePartyPassport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CapePartyPassport.jpg/300px-CapePartyPassport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Cape Republic Novelty Passport.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p><i>The right of the South African people as a whole to self-determination, as manifested in this Constitution, does not preclude, within the framework of this right, recognition of the notion of the right of self-determination of any community sharing a common cultural and language heritage, within a territorial entity in the Republic or in any other way, determined by national legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p></blockquote><p>However, the qualifier of this right states that any such self-determination would occur "within a territorial entity in the Republic or in any other way, determined by national legislation". Section 235 does not explicitly grant the right to secede from South Africa. Enclaves such as <a href="/wiki/Orania" title="Orania">Orania</a> or the various African kingdoms within South Africa, while maintaining this right to self-determination, remain bound by the South African Constitution and legislation. </p><p>On the other hand, the South African Constitution makes it clear that both the Bill of Rights, and the Constitution itself, must consider International Law. </p><p> Section 39(1)(b) states:</p><blockquote><p><i>When interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum (b) must consider international law;</i></p></blockquote><p>Section 233 states:</p><blockquote><p><i>When interpreting any legislation, every court must prefer any reasonable interpretation of the legislation that is consistent with international law over any alternative interpretation that is inconsistent with international law</i></p></blockquote><p>Since 1994, South Africa has ratified three international covenants which guarantee the right of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> to all peoples: </p><p>On 9 July 1996 South Africa ratified the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (<a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">ACHPR</a>) which, in Article 20, states that all peoples have the right to exist, that their right to self-determination is unquestionable and inalienable, and that they can freely pursue their economic and social development according to the policy they have freely chosen. </p><p>On 10 December 1998 South Africa ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (<a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">ICCPR</a>) which, in Article 1, states that all peoples have the right to self-determination, and by virtue of that right they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development. </p><p>On 12 January 2015 South Africa ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights">ICESCR</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, in Article 1, again states that all peoples have the right to self-determination, and by virtue of that right they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development; </p><p>Thus the right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> has been proposed as a route for creating a legal framework wherein the Cape could secede from South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, some critics point out that remedial secession is seen as an 'extreme' measure, usually reserved for former colonies or when a people suffer 'extreme prejudice'. Hence they argue that self-determination is not necessarily synonymous with secession, nor does the former lead to the latter in the majority of cases.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asil.org_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asil.org-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, despite the references to international law in the South African Constitution and Bill of Rights, international law does not contain an explicit right or legal framework for secession.<sup id="cite_ref-asil.org_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asil.org-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently, this view was undermined when Dr Alfred de Zayas, the United Nation's (UN) 'Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order', tabled a report to the General Assembly of the UN in 2014 which clarified that self-determination cannot be limited to de-colonisation and that secession is a legitimate expression of self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Zayas followed this up with a 2017 paper 'The law on self-determination today'<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a second report to the UN General Assembly in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polling_and_support">Opinion polling and support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Opinion polling and support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Empirical data shows that Cape independence has gathered a substantial amount of support amongst residents of the Western Cape. CapeXit, an NGO gathering signed mandates in support of independence has garnered over 820,000 signatures of registered Western Cape voters.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legitimacy of this figure is however disputed, but the organisation states that it has implemented mechanisms to verify that the identity numbers are indeed legitimate.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This figure is far below the 2021 polling results, which show that 46% (or 1.39 million) of registered Western Cape voters do support independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opinion_polling">Opinion polling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been three <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">opinion polls</a> conducted by Victory Research,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a South African based market research company whose clientele includes the Democratic Alliance, <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a>, First Rand, and <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another poll was done by Brazilian based AtlasIntel as part of their <a href="/wiki/2024_South_African_general_election" title="2024 South African general election">2024 South African general election</a> polling. It asked respondents across South Africa whether they supported Cape Independence - inclusive of the Northern and Eastern Cape. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; line-height: 14px; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date <p>Conducted </p> </th> <th>Polling Organisation </th> <th>Sample Size </th> <th>Margin of Error </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background: rgb(0, 129, 66); width: 80px; color: white;">In favour of holding a referendum </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background: rgb(220, 36, 31); width: 80px; color: white;">Against holding a referendum </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background: rgb(0, 129, 66); width: 80px; color: white;">In favour of Independence </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background: rgb(220, 36, 31); width: 80px; color: white;">Against Independence </th></tr> <tr> <td>July 2020 </td> <td>Victory Research <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5ea6a2f170b50534c84aecfe/5f54d32bcad1a4b25f31cf25_CIAG-Polling-Results-Aug-2020.pdf">[1]</a> </td> <td>802 </td> <td>±4% </td> <td>46.6% </td> <td style="background: rgb(249, 193, 179);"><b>52.3%</b> </td> <td>35.8% </td> <td style="background: rgb(249, 193, 179);"><b>63.3%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 2021 </td> <td>Victory Research <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5ea6a2f170b50534c84aecfe/611515c3bf09051a77c53296_CIAG%20Poll%20Results%20Summary%20-%20July%202021.pdf">[2]</a> </td> <td>886 </td> <td>±5% </td> <td style="background: rgb(193, 255, 153);"><b>58%</b> </td> <td>39.5% </td> <td>46.2% </td> <td style="background: rgb(249, 193, 179);"><b>49.6%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 2023 </td> <td>Victory Research <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5ea6a2f1a59e17c056703197/64ec37b43999b3c2c596f534_Results%20Chart.png">[3]</a> </td> <td>1080 </td> <td>±5% </td> <td style="background: rgb(193, 255, 153);"><b>68%</b> </td> <td>30.2% </td> <td style="background: rgb(193, 255, 153);"><b>58.4%</b> </td> <td>34.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May <p>2024 </p> </td> <td>AtlasIntel<sup>*</sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cdn.atlasintel.org/be005b0e-d093-4a05-acb9-b445b792f46c.pdf">[4]</a> </td> <td>383<sup>*</sup> </td> <td>±2%<sup>^</sup> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>35.7% </td> <td style="background: rgb(249, 193, 179);"><b>53.6%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><i><sup>*</sup>Values taken for Western Cape only.</i><br /> <i><sup>^</sup>Margin of error for entire survey and not WC results only.</i><br /> <i>Note: Values don't add up to 100% on the account of those not expressing an opinion or uncertain.</i></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Cape_Electoral_results">Western Cape Electoral results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Western Cape Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" style="text-align:center" align="top" class="wikitable"> <caption style="background:Navy; color:white"><b>Evolution of the independence vote in WC Provincial elections</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" colspan="2">Pro-independence votes </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Population </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Valid<br />votes<sup id="cite_ref-null_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-null-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Turnout<sup id="cite_ref-null_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-null-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Pro-independence<br />political parties </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black" rowspan="2">Comments </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black">Number </th> <th style="background:Lavender; color:Black">% of total<br />valid votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2009 Western Cape provincial election">2009</a></td> <td>2,552</td> <td>0.13%</td> <td>5,356,800</td> <td>1,967,751</td> <td>75.4%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Party">Cape Party</a> (2,552)</td> <td>Cape Party formed in 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2014 Western Cape provincial election">2014</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>6 116 300 (estimate)</td> <td>2,121,153</td> <td>72.76%</td> <td>–</td> <td>No pro-independence parties competed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2019 Western Cape provincial election">2019</a></td> <td>9,331</td> <td>0.45%</td> <td>6,844,272 (estimate)</td> <td>2,057,212</td> <td>66.28%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Party">Cape Party</a> (9,331)</td> <td>Cape Party competes again after 10 year absence </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Western_Cape_provincial_election" title="2024 Western Cape provincial election">2024</a></td> <td>33,581 (67,162)<sup>*</sup></td> <td>1.71% (4.1%)<sup>*</sup></td> <td>7,497,706 (estimate)</td> <td>1,958,280</td> <td>59.48%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus"> FF+</a> (28,471);<br /><a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Referendum Party (South Africa)"> RP </a> (5,110);<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Coloured_Congress" title="National Coloured Congress">NCC</a><sup>*</sup> (46,770)</td> <td>FF+ announces their support for independence.<br />Newly formed RP competes.<br />Cape Party reformed into <a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence_Party" title="Cape Independence Party"> CIP</a> fails to qualify </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><small>*The NCC were ambiguous in their stance but had previously publicly voiced support.<br /></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arguments_used_by_supporters">Arguments used by supporters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Arguments used by supporters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Independence,_language,_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg/220px-Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg/330px-Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg/440px-Cape_Independence%2C_language%2C_voting_patterns_and_ethnicity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption> In clockwise order from top left, maps showing: <ol> <li> Frequently included municipalities in the Cape independence movement. </li><li> Coloured people as a percentage of the population. </li><li> Party with the largest share in a voting district. </li><li> Percentage of the population with Afrikaans as a home language. </li></ol> </figcaption></figure><p>Proponents of Cape independence advocate for the <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> of the Cape from South Africa along numerous lines: </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural">Cultural</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cultural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cape region is demographically distinct from the rest of the country: with the first language of most inhabitants being Afrikaans, the region being much more ethnically diverse and with the largest ethnic group being <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-censusrep2011_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusrep2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This blend of groups and culture has given the Cape a unique cultural heritage such as the <a href="/wiki/Kaapse_Klopse" title="Kaapse Klopse">Kaapse Klopse</a> minstrel parades or <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malay</a> cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic">Economic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proponents have argued that the current economic policies of South Africa are stifling growth and development, and that an independent Cape, with a more economically liberal ideology, would be better off.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideological">Ideological</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Ideological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Western Cape is the only province in the country never to have voted for the ruling <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a> in a majority. It is also the only province that has a provincial government not controlled by that party.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greater Cape region traditionally draws substantial support for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a>, with the more liberal party drawing strong support from Coloureds, and more generally from people with English or Afrikaans as a first language.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-racialism">Non-racialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Non-racialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some proponents of independence claim that South Africa is a highly racialised country. In an August 2023 poll conducted by the CIAG, only 31% of Black respondents agreed that "I believe that South Africa belongs to everyone who lives here regardless of their race", compared with 80% of Coloureds and 88% of Whites.<sup id="cite_ref-poll_23_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll_23-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Likewise, proponents argue that race-based laws, such as <a href="/wiki/Black_Economic_Empowerment" title="Black Economic Empowerment">Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)</a>—which is a policy aimed at addressing the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_South_Africa" title="Wealth inequality in South Africa">inequalities</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> implemented by the national government—unfairly discriminate against most inhabitants of the Western Cape. Coloured leaders such as Fadiel Adams state that under the current BEE laws, coloured people are unfairly discriminated against. As national demographic quotas (nine percent) are imposed upon a region where coloureds make up the majority.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proponents hence campaign on making an independent Cape non-racial where race-based laws (and even racial categories) are outlawed.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stability">Stability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Stability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proponents of Cape independence have cited the <a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">riots in the east and the north of the country in July 2021</a> as evidence of social instability in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People of the Western Cape believe that their home province is better governed than the rest of the country – a sympathy shared with a number of other South Africans more broadly.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of Cape independence hence argue that an independent Cape would be better run, and be able to provide more stability to its people.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, given that the Western Cape houses some of the regions with the worst murder rates in South Africa, it is uncertain if this perception of stability is true.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involved_organisations">Involved organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Involved organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below a table is presented with some of the organisations involved in the Cape independence movement. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organisation Name </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Goal </th> <th>Regions Included </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cape Independence Advocacy Group<sup id="cite_ref-:8_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Lobby Group </td> <td><i>Pressure the Western Cape government to hold a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Referendum Party (South Africa)">Referendum Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Political Party </td> <td><i>Coalition in Western Cape government and demand a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape </td></tr> <tr> <td>CapeXit<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>NGO </td> <td><i>Secure enough mandates to pressure for the holding of a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Coloured_Congress" title="National Coloured Congress">National Coloured Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Political Party </td> <td><i>Coalition in Western Cape government and demand a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape and majority coloured areas of the Eastern and Northern Cape. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Party">Cape Independence Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-:5_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Political Party </td> <td><i>Coalition in Western Cape government and demand a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape, majority and plurality Afrikaans speaking regions of the Eastern and Northern Cape, and Free State. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front Plus</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Political Party </td> <td><i>Coalition in Western Cape government and demand a referendum</i> </td> <td>Western Cape </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gatvol Capetonian<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Civil group </td> <td><i>Civic group promoting Coloured rights</i> </td> <td>Western Cape and majority coloured areas of the Eastern and Northern Cape. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sovereign State of Good Hope<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Civil group </td> <td><i>Seek independence via aboriginal rights under international law</i> </td> <td>Western Cape, entirety of Northern Cape and western-half of Eastern Cape. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise" title="Cape Qualified Franchise">Cape Qualified Franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-null-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-null_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-null_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blank and null votes are subtracted from the number of voters</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119221626/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/capexit-independent-country-western-cape/">"The CapeXit mission: Can this be Brexit for the Western Cape?"</a>. <i>The South African</i>. 31 May 2021. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.az.com.na&rft.atitle=Die+Aborigines+S%C3%BCdafrikas+organisieren+sich&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.au=Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.az.com.na%2Fnachrichten%2Fdie-aborigines-sdafrikas-organisieren-sich2018-04-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+independence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_independence&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Links to major Cape Independence organisation's webpages: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capeindependence.org">Cape Independence Advocacy Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capexit.org">CapeXit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.referendumparty.org/">Referendum Party</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Province_of_the_Western_Cape" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Cape_Province" title="Template:Western Cape Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Cape_Province" title="Template talk:Western Cape Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Cape_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Cape Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Province_of_the_Western_Cape" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Capital and largest city: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></li> <li>Population: <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_provinces_by_population" title="List of South African provinces by population">5,822,734</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Census_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="South African National Census of 2011">2011</a>)</li> <li>Land area: <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_provinces_by_area" title="List of South African provinces by area">129,462 km<sup>2</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Western_Cape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Western Cape (page does not exist)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Town" title="History of Cape Town">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cape_Town" title="Timeline of Cape Town">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Government of the Western Cape">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Politics of the Western Cape">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Economy of the Western Cape">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_Western_Cape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the Western Cape (page does not exist)">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecology_of_the_Western_Cape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecology of the Western Cape (page does not exist)">Ecology</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_ecology_of_the_Western_Cape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine ecology of the Western Cape (page does not exist)">Marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Government of the Western Cape">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Premier of the Western Cape">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Executive Council of the Western Cape">Provincial Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Provincial_Parliament" title="Western Cape Provincial Parliament">Provincial Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Division" title="Western Cape Division">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_the_Western_Cape" title="List of municipalities in the Western Cape">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Peninsula" title="Cape Peninsula">Cape Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Flats" title="Cape Flats">Cape Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boland,_Western_Cape" title="Boland, Western Cape">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartland" title="Swartland">Swartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_Western_Cape" title="West Coast, Western Cape">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breede_River_Valley" title="Breede River Valley">Breede River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overberg" title="Overberg">Overberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Route" title="Garden Route">Garden Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo#Little_Karoo" title="Karoo">Little Karoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo#Great_Karoo" title="Karoo">Great Karoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_the_Western_Cape" title="List of cities and towns in the Western Cape">Cities and<br />major towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George,_Western_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Western Cape">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossel_Bay" title="Mossel Bay">Mossel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudtshoorn" title="Oudtshoorn">Oudtshoorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paarl" title="Paarl">Paarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch" title="Stellenbosch">Stellenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Western_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington, Western Cape">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_South_Africa" title="Worcester, South Africa">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template talk:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_South_Africa_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of South Africa navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By province</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Eastern_Cape" title="Politics of the Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_(province)#Law_and_government" title="Free State (province)">Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauteng#Law_and_government" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal#Law_and_government" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Limpopo" title="Politics of Limpopo">Limpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mpumalanga" title="Politics of Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)#Law_and_government" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Cape" title="Politics of the Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Western_Cape" title="Politics of the Western Cape">Western Cape</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Africa"><img alt="Flag of South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/75px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_movements_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Political movements in South Africa">Political<br />movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_resistance_to_war" title="South African resistance to war">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_South_Africa" title="Environmental movement in South Africa">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_South_Africa" title="Federalism in South Africa">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-racialism" title="Non-racialism">Non-racialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_South_Africa" title="Trotskyism in South Africa">Trotskyism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:South_Africa_political_parties" title="Template:South Africa political parties">South Africa political parties</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">political<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfriForum" title="AfriForum">AfriForum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanerbond" title="Afrikanerbond">Afrikanerbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a> (AWB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Traditional_Leaders_of_South_Africa" title="Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa">Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa</a> (CONTRALESA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Students" title="Congress of South African Students">Congress of South African Students</a> (COSAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthlife_Africa" title="Earthlife Africa">Earthlife Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Left_(South_Africa)" title="Keep Left (South Africa)">Keep Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanya_College" title="Khanya College">Khanya College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberg_Alert" title="Koeberg Alert">Koeberg Alert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_and_Gay_Equality_Project" title="Lesbian and Gay Equality Project">Lesbian and Gay Equality Project</a> (LGEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Gangsterism_and_Drugs" title="People Against Gangsterism and Drugs">People Against Gangsterism and Drugs</a> (PAGAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Liberal_Students%27_Association" title="South African Liberal Students' Association">South African Liberal Students' Association</a> (SALSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students_Congress" title="South African Students Congress">South African Students Congress</a> (SASCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_South_African_Wine_Initiative" title="The South African Wine Initiative">South African Wine Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabalaza_Anarchist_Communist_Front" title="Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front">Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front</a> (ZACF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Africa" title="Trade unions in South Africa">Trade unions</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_movements_in_South_Africa" title="List of social movements in South Africa">Social movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Trade_unions_in_South_Africa_navbox" title="Template:Trade unions in South Africa navbox">South Africa trade unions</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Education" title="Equal Education">Equal Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Park_Backyarders" title="Mandela Park Backyarders">Mandela Park Backyarders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Suffering,_Oppression_and_Poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty">People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty</a> (PASSOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Alliance" title="Poor People's Alliance">Poor People's Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahlali_baseMjondolo" title="Abahlali baseMjondolo">Abahlali baseMjondolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landless_Peoples_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Landless Peoples Movement">Landless Peoples Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Anti-Eviction_Campaign" title="Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign">Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_The_City" title="Reclaim The City">Reclaim the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_Coalition_(South_Africa)" title="Social Justice Coalition (South Africa)">Social Justice Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_Action_Campaign" title="Treatment Action Campaign">Treatment Action Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Unemployed_Peoples%27_Movement" title="South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement">Unemployed Peoples' Movement</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:SA_law" title="Template:SA law">South African law</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_in_South_Africa" title="Alternative media in South Africa">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azania#South_Africa" title="Azania">Azania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_South_Africa" title="Corruption in South Africa">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Don%27t)_touch_me_on_my_studio" title="(Don't) touch me on my studio">(Don't) touch me on my studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proudly_South_African" title="Proudly South African">Proudly South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_nation" title="Rainbow nation">Rainbow nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaming_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaming in South Africa">Renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenderpreneur" title="Tenderpreneur">Tenderpreneurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyi-toyi" title="Toyi-toyi">Toyi-toyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy)">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnFreedom_Day" title="UnFreedom Day">UnFreedom Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_monopoly_capital" title="White monopoly capital">White monopoly capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungovernability" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungovernability">Ungovernability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in South Africa">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Indian sentiment in South Africa">Anti-Indian sentiment</a></li></ul></li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Amandla_(power)" title="Amandla (power)">Amandla Ngawethu!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Land!_No_House!_No_Vote!" title="No Land! No House! No Vote!">No Land! No House! No Vote!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubul%27_ibhunu" title="Dubul' ibhunu">"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Settler,_One_Bullet" title="One Settler, One Bullet">One Settler, One Bullet</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Each_one_teach_one" title="Each one teach one">"Each One, Teach One"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and<br />periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Communist" title="African Communist">African Communist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amandla_(magazine)" title="Amandla (magazine)">Amandla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ANC_Today" title="ANC Today">ANC Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biko_(book)" title="Biko (book)">Biko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Write_What_I_Like" title="I Write What I Like">I Write What I Like</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Long Walk to Freedom">Long Walk to Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molotov_Cocktail_(magazine)" title="Molotov Cocktail (magazine)">Molotov Cocktail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Land!_No_House!_No_Vote!_(book)" title="No Land! No House! No Vote! (book)">No Land! No House! No Vote!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa" title="Crime in South Africa">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-toll_(South_Africa)" title="E-toll (South Africa)">e-tolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_farm_attacks" title="South African farm attacks">Farm attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_family" title="Gupta family">Gupta family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in South Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_brokering" title="Labour brokering">Labour brokering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_occupations_in_South_Africa" title="List of land occupations in South Africa">Land occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inequality_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa">Legacies of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindela_Repatriation_Centre" title="Lindela Repatriation Centre">Lindela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Phala_Phala_Robbery" title="2020 Phala Phala Robbery">Phala Phala robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_assassinations_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political assassinations in post-apartheid South Africa">Political assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest in South Africa">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_South_Africa" title="Sexual violence in South Africa">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shack_fires_in_South_Africa" title="Shack fires in South Africa">Shack fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_South_Africa" title="Terrorism in South Africa">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(South_Africa)#Post_1994_use" title="Third Force (South Africa)">Third Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Politics of South Africa">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_history_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_history_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political history of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1075</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1220</span>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1652–1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe Kingdom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1819)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a> (1816–1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a> (1839–1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Colony</a> (1843–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (1854–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (1856–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> (1861–1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a> (1870–1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a> (1882–1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> (1882–1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a> (1884–1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upingtonia" title="Upingtonia">Upingtonia</a> (1885–1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a> (1886–1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei" title="Transkei">Transkei</a> (1976–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> (1977–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> (1979–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> (1981–1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_South_Africa" title="Early history of South Africa">Pre-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River" title="Battle of Salt River">Battle of Salt River</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1652%E2%80%931815)" title="History of South Africa (1652–1815)">1652–1815</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cape_Colony_before_1806#First_settlement" title="History of the Cape Colony before 1806">Dutch settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">French Huguenot settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi%E2%80%93Dutch_Wars" title="Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars">Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muizenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Muizenberg">Battle of Muizenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Battle of Blaauwberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1815%E2%80%931910)" title="History of South Africa (1815–1910)">1815–1910</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1820_Settlers" title="1820 Settlers">1820 Settlers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Trek" title="Great Trek">Great Trek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Civil_War" title="Transvaal Civil War">Transvaal Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Revolution" title="Mineral Revolution">Mineral Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879%E2%80%931915)" title="South African Wars (1879–1915)">South African Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Convention_(South_Africa)" title="National Convention (South Africa)">National Convention</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1910%E2%80%9348)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Africa (1910–48)">1910–1948</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West Africa campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">Great Depression</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_African_Mine_Workers%27_Union_strike" title="1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike">1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_South_African_general_election" title="1948 South African general election">1948 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_legislation" title="Apartheid legislation">Apartheid legislation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pass_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Pass laws">Pass laws</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">Internal resistance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coloured-vote_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured-vote constitutional crisis">Coloured-vote constitutional crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Defiance_Campaign" title="Defiance Campaign">Defiance Campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_(South_Africa)" title="Women's March (South Africa)">Women's March 1956</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Alexandra_bus_boycott" title="1957 Alexandra bus boycott">1957 Alexandra bus boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_massacre" title="Sharpeville massacre">Sharpeville massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_South_African_republic_referendum" title="1960 South African republic referendum">1960 republic referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa_during_apartheid" title="Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid">International isolation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1761" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761">UN Resolution 1761</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_591" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 591">UNSC Resolution 591</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Academic_boycott_of_South_Africa" title="Academic boycott of South Africa">Academic boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">Disinvestment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructive_engagement" title="Constructive engagement">Constructive engagement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sporting_boycott_of_South_Africa_during_the_apartheid_era" title="Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era">Sporting boycott</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics" title="Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics">Olympics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid" title="Rugby union and apartheid">Rugby union</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durban_Moment" title="Durban Moment">Durban Moment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">Border War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations#Strategic_relations" title="Israel–South Africa relations">Israeli alliance</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_Agreement" title="Israel–South Africa Agreement">Israel–South Africa Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mafeje_affair" title="Mafeje affair">Mafeje affair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Africa and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Coast" title="Project Coast">Project Coast</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street bombing">Church Street bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_South_African_constitutional_referendum" title="1983 South African constitutional referendum">1983 constitutional referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Langa_massacre" title="Langa massacre">Langa massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_speech" title="Rubicon speech">Rubicon speech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vula" title="Operation Vula">Operation Vula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Conference" title="Dakar Conference">Dakar Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état">Transkei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Ciskei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Ciskei coup d'état">Ciskei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Venda_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Venda coup d'état">Venda coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(South_Africa)" title="Third Force (South Africa)">Third Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">CODESA</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Kempton_Park_World_Trade_Centre" title="Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre">Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_South_African_apartheid_referendum" title="1992 South African apartheid referendum">1992 apartheid referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Church_massacre" title="Saint James Church massacre">Saint James Church massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1994%E2%80%93present)" title="History of South Africa (1994–present)">Post-<br />apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Arms_Deal" title="South African Arms Deal">Arms Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Floor_crossing_(South_Africa)" title="Floor crossing (South Africa)">Floor crossing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Soweto_bombings" title="2002 Soweto bombings">Soweto bombings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travelgate_(South_Africa)" title="Travelgate (South Africa)">Travelgate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kennedy_Road" title="Attack on Kennedy Road">Attack on Kennedy Road</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blikkiesdorp" title="Blikkiesdorp">Blikkiesdorp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marikana_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana killings">Marikana massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_2012_Farm_Workers%27_strike" title="Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' strike">2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nkandla_(homestead)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nkandla (homestead)">Nkandlagate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">Racism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_South_African_platinum_strike" title="2014 South African platinum strike">2014 platinum strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Must_Fall" title="Rhodes Must Fall">#RhodesMustFall protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FeesMustFall" title="FeesMustFall">#FeesMustFall student protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_riots,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshwane riots, 2016">Tshwane riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_service_delivery_protests" title="2019 service delivery protests">2019 service delivery protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 Johannesburg riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Phala_Phala_Robbery" title="2020 Phala Phala Robbery">2020 Phala Phala Robbery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">2021 unrest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident"><i>Lady R</i> incident</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Calvinism" title="Afrikaner Calvinism">Afrikaner Calvinism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">Anarchism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azania" title="Azania">Azania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Baasskap" title="Baasskap">Baasskap</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Boerehaat" title="Boerehaat">Boerehaat</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black Consciousness Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Vow" title="Day of the Vow">Day of the Vow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">Greater South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_whites" title="Honorary whites">Honorary whites</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rooi_gevaar" title="Rooi gevaar">Rooi gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa" title="Slavery in South Africa">Slavery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Swart_gevaar" title="Swart gevaar">Swart gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Uitlander" title="Uitlander">Uitlander</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Volkstaat" title="Volkstaat">Volkstaat</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic and political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Bond" title="Afrikaner Bond">Afrikaner Bond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond" title="Afrikaner Broederbond">Afrikaner Broederbond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Party" title="Afrikaner Party">Afrikaner Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Income_Tax_and_Usury_Party" title="Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party">AITUP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Political_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="African Political Organization">APO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">AVF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention" title="Black People's Convention">BPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash" title="Black Sash">Black Sash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boerestaat_Party" title="Boerestaat Party">Boerestaat Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">CDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei_National_Independence_Party" title="Ciskei National Independence Party">CNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Ecology_Group" title="Cape Town Ecology Group">CTEG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Democrats" title="South African Congress of Democrats">COD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_Alliance" title="Congress Alliance">Congress Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_Objector_Support_Group" title="Conscientious Objector Support Group">COSG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of South Africa">CP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front" title="Democratic Left Front">DLF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Dominion Party (South Africa)">Dominion Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa,_1973)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa, 1973)">DP (1973–1977)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa)">DP (1989–2000)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Transkei)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Transkei)">DPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Movement_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Socialist Movement (South Africa)">DSM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_Conscription_Campaign" title="End Conscription Campaign">ECC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Federal Alliance (South Africa)">FA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Democrats_(South_Africa)" title="Federation of Democrats (South Africa)">FD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genootskap_van_Regte_Afrikaners" title="Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners">Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Purified_National_Party" title="Purified National Party">GNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Het_Volk_(political_party)" title="Het Volk (political party)">Het Volk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herenigde_Nasionale_Party" title="Herenigde Nasionale Party">HNP (Herenigde)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herstigte_Nasionale_Party" title="Herstigte Nasionale Party">HNP (Herstigte)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Democratic_Alternatives_in_South_Africa" title="Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa">IDASA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrats" title="Independent Democrats">ID</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Independent Party (South Africa)">IP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_League_(South_Africa)" title="International Socialist League (South Africa)">ISL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeugkrag" title="Jeugkrag">Jeugkrag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reform_Committee" title="Johannesburg Reform Committee">Johannesburg Reform Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Labour Party (South Africa)">Labour Party (1910–1958)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa,_1969)" title="Labour Party (South Africa, 1969)">Labour Party (1969–1994)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Liberal Party of South Africa">Liberal Party (1953–1968)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(South_Africa)" title="National Action (South Africa)">NA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Conservative Party (South Africa)">NCP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Labour Party (South Africa)">NLP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New National Party (South Africa)">NNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">NP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(South_Africa,_1981)" title="National People's Party (South Africa, 1981)">NPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Republic Party (South Africa)">NRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_South_African_Students" title="National Union of South African Students">NUSAS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupy_South_Africa" title="Occupy South Africa">Occupy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orangia_Unie" title="Orangia Unie">Orangia Unie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vereniging_van_Oranjewerkers" title="Vereniging van Oranjewerkers">Oranjewerkers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_Boerevolk" title="Orde Boerevolk">Orde Boerevolk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_ANC_Voters_Network" title="Progressive ANC Voters Network">PAVN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Federal_Party" title="Progressive Federal Party">PFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="Progressive Party (Cape Colony)">Progressive Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)">PRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Freedom" title="Radio Freedom">Radio Freedom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Reform Party (South Africa)">Reform Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Business_Party" title="South African Business Party">SABP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Democratic Convention">SADECO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Indian_Congress" title="South African Indian Congress">SAIC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students%27_Organisation" title="South African Students' Organisation">SASO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Congress" title="South African Youth Congress">SAYCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Revolutionary_Council" title="South African Youth Revolutionary Council">SAYRCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="South African Party (Cape Colony)">South African Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party" title="South African Party">South African Party (1911–1934)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Republic_of_South_Africa)" title="South African Party (Republic of South Africa)">South African Party (1977–1980)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei_National_Independence_Party" title="Transkei National Independence Party">TNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Torch_Commando" title="Torch Commando">Torch Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Federal_Party" title="Union Federal Party">UFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Unionist Party (South Africa)">Unionist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Venda" title="National Party of Venda">National Party of Venda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volksparty" title="Volksparty">Volksparty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Workers Party of South Africa">Workers Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Organisation_for_Socialist_Action" title="Workers Organisation for Socialist Action">WOSA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions and<br />social movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Privatisation_Forum" title="Anti-Privatisation Forum">APF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">BCM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Trade_Union_of_Transnet_Workers" title="Black Trade Union of Transnet Workers">BLATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Council of Non-European Trade Unions">CNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Stevedoring_Workers_Union" title="Cape Town Stevedoring Workers Union">CTSWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Canning_Workers%27_Union" title="Food and Canning Workers' Union">FCWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of Non-European Trade Unions">FNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of South African Trade Unions">FOSATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Workers%27_Union" title="Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union">ICU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">IWW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Musicians_Union_of_South_Africa" title="Musicians Union of South Africa">MUSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Non-European_Unity_Movement" title="Non-European Unity Movement">NEUM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Railway_and_Harbour_Servants" title="National Union of Railway and Harbour Servants">NURHS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Performing_Arts_Workers%27_Equity" title="Performing Arts Workers' Equity">PAWE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Agricultural_Plantation_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union">SAAPAWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="South African Congress of Trade Unions">SACTU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Industrial_Federation" title="South African Industrial Federation">SAIF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways_and_Harbours_Union" title="South African Railways and Harbours Union">SARHU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Trades_Union_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Trades Union Council">SATUC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Die_Spoorbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Spoorbund">Die Spoorbund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(South_Africa)" title="United Democratic Front (South Africa)">UDF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkosi_Wezintaba" title="Umkosi Wezintaba">Umkosi Wezintaba</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paramilitary and<br />terrorist organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Azanian People's Liberation Army">APLA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Resistance_Movement" title="African Resistance Movement">ARM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">AWB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">BBB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boeremag" title="Boeremag">Boeremag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">MK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_van_die_Dood" title="Orde van die Dood">Orde van die Dood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Gangsterism_and_Drugs" title="People Against Gangsterism and Drugs">PAGAD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">SANF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories of<br />political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">African National Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="History of the Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="History of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Political history of South Africa">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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