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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_slope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_slope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>South slope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_slope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flat_of_the_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flat_of_the_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Flat of the Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flat_of_the_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_slope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_slope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.1</span> <span>North slope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_slope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.2</span> <span>Immigrants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_district_and_national_landmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_district_and_national_landmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Historic district and national landmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_district_and_national_landmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sites_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sites of interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sites_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sites of interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sites_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_Heritage_Trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Heritage_Trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Black Heritage Trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Heritage_Trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massachusetts_State_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massachusetts_State_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Massachusetts State House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massachusetts_State_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-religious" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-religious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Non-religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-religious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffolk_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffolk_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Suffolk University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffolk_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Hill_(Boston)" title="Beacon Hill (Boston) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Beacon Hill (Boston)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%BB%A8%ED%9E%90_(%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4)" title="비컨힐 (보스턴) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비컨힐 (보스턴)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Hill_(Boston)" title="Beacon Hill (Boston) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Beacon Hill (Boston)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%92%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3)" title="ビーコンヒル (ボストン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビーコンヒル (ボストン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Hill" title="Beacon Hill – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beacon Hill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B1%B1" title="灯塔山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="灯塔山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&params=42.3583_N_71.0661_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°03′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3583°N 71.0661°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3583; -71.0661</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic neighborhood in Massachusetts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Beacon Hill (disambiguation)">Beacon Hill (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Beacon Hill Historic District</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark District</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Street_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Park_Street_Boston.jpg/250px-Park_Street_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Park_Street_Boston.jpg/375px-Park_Street_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Park_Street_Boston.jpg/500px-Park_Street_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Park Street, looking toward <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>, on Beacon Hill</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style 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.pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Beacon Hill, Boston is located in Boston"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston is located in Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/250px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/375px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/500px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.971%;left:56.175%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beacon Hill, Boston"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston" 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Massachusetts"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston is located in Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.319%;left:65.847%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beacon Hill, Boston"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Massachusetts</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beacon Hill, Boston is located in the United States"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.112%;left:89.455%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beacon Hill, Boston"><img alt="Beacon Hill, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1795</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Federal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beacon-hill-boston.com">www<wbr />.beacon-hill-boston<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000130">66000130</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">October 15, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-nris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHLD</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 19, 1962</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Beacon Hill</b> is a historic <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Boston" title="Neighborhoods in Boston">neighborhood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, United States. It is also the location of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>. The term "Beacon Hill" is used locally as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> to refer to the state government or the legislature itself, much like <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.'s</a> <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> does at the federal level. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal-style</a> <a href="/wiki/Rowhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowhouse">rowhouses</a>, narrow <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gaslit</a> streets and brick sidewalks run through the neighborhood, which is generally regarded as one of the more desirable and expensive in Boston. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood was 9,023.<sup id="cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRA_BH_Census_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg/220px-ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg/330px-ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg/440px-ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Window boxes on cobblestoned Acorn Street on Beacon Hill</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png/220px-1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png/330px-1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png/440px-1768_BostonCommon_byChristianRemick.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>'s house, located west of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a> on Beacon Hill, in 1768</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1800_beacon_hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1800_beacon_hill.jpg/220px-1800_beacon_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1800_beacon_hill.jpg/330px-1800_beacon_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1800_beacon_hill.jpg/440px-1800_beacon_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption>Beacon Hill in 1811, seen from the north toward the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Like many similarly named areas, the neighborhood is named for the location of a former <a href="/wiki/Beacon" title="Beacon">beacon</a> atop the highest point in central Boston. The beacon was used to warn the residents of an invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trimount_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimount-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beacon Hill is bounded by <a href="/wiki/Storrow_Drive" title="Storrow Drive">Storrow Drive</a>, and Cambridge, <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Street" title="Bowdoin Street">Bowdoin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_Street,_Boston" title="Park Street, Boston">Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Street" title="Beacon Street">Beacon Streets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10_questions_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_questions-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is about 1/6 of a square mile in size, and situated along the riverfront of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Esplanade" title="Charles River Esplanade">Charles River Esplanade</a> to the west, just north of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Garden_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Garden (Boston)">Boston Public Garden</a>. The block bound by <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Street" title="Beacon Street">Beacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremont_Street" title="Tremont Street">Tremont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Park_Street,_Boston" title="Park Street, Boston">Park</a> Streets is included as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Let's_Go_p._64_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Let's_Go_p._64-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beacon Hill has three sections: the south slope, the north slope and the "Flat of the Hill", which is a level neighborhood built on landfill, located west of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Boston)" title="Charles Street (Boston)">Charles Street</a> and between Beacon and Cambridge streets.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Let's_Go_p._64_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Let's_Go_p._64-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located in the center of the <a href="/wiki/Shawmut_Peninsula" title="Shawmut Peninsula">Shawmut Peninsula</a>, the area originally had three hills, Beacon Hill and two others nearby,<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemberton Hill and Mount Vernon, which were leveled for Beacon Hill's development.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name trimount later morphed into "Tremont", as in Tremont Street.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1807 and 1832, Beacon Hill was reduced from 138 feet in elevation to 80 feet. The shoreline and bodies of water such as the Mill Pond had a "massive filling", increasing Boston's land mass by 150%.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles Street was one of the new roads created from the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._10_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the hill was reduced substantially, Beacon Hill was located just behind the current site of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood is 9,023. This reflects a slight (0.3% or 29 individuals) decrease from the 2000 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRA_BH_Census_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The racial/ethnic make-up of the neighborhood's population is as follows: 86.8% of the population is white, 2% black or African American, 4.1% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.3% Asian, 0.4% some other race/ethnicity, and 1.3% two or more races/ethnicities.<sup id="cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRA_BH_Census_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to 2007–2011 American Community Survey estimates, of the 5,411 households in Beacon Hill, 27.3% were family households and 72.7 were non-family households (with 55.7% of those female householders).<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_07-11_BH_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS_07-11_BH-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 1,479 family households 81.6% were married couple families. 36.6% of married couple families were with related children under the age of 18 and 63.4% were with no related children under age 18. Other family types make up 18.4% of Beacon Hill's population, with 90.8% being female householders with no husband present and a majority of these households included children under 18 present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race">Race</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Race"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption><b>Beacon Hill/<a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a> (02108) racial breakdown of population (2017)</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race </th> <th>Percentage of <br />02108<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />Massachusetts<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />United States<br />population </th> <th>ZIP code-to-state<br />difference </th> <th>ZIP code-to-USA<br />difference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>86.8%</td> <td>81.3%</td> <td>76.6%</td> <td>+5.5%</td> <td>+10.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White (Non-Hispanic)</a></td> <td>83.4%</td> <td>72.1%</td> <td>60.7%</td> <td>+11.3%</td> <td>+22.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>8.8%</td> <td>13.4%</td> <td>–3.6%</td> <td>–8.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a></td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>11.9%</td> <td>18.1%</td> <td>–7.6%</td> <td>–13.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></td> <td>4.2%</td> <td>6.9%</td> <td>5.8%</td> <td>–2.7%</td> <td>–1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiians</a></td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>+0.0%</td> <td>–0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>+0.0%</td> <td>–0.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption><b>Beacon Hill/<a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston" title="West End, Boston">West End</a> (02114) racial breakdown of population (2017)</b><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race </th> <th>Percentage of <br />02114<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />Massachusetts<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />United States<br />population </th> <th>ZIP code-to-state<br />difference </th> <th>ZIP code-to-USA<br />difference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>79.2%</td> <td>81.3%</td> <td>76.6%</td> <td>–2.1%</td> <td>+2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White (Non-Hispanic)</a></td> <td>73.6%</td> <td>72.1%</td> <td>60.7%</td> <td>+1.5%</td> <td>+12.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></td> <td>11.3%</td> <td>6.9%</td> <td>5.8%</td> <td>+4.4%</td> <td>+5.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a></td> <td>9.3%</td> <td>11.9%</td> <td>18.1%</td> <td>–2.6%</td> <td>–8.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>8.8%</td> <td>13.4%</td> <td>–4.5%</td> <td>–9.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiians</a></td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>–0.6%</td> <td>–1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>+0.1%</td> <td>–0.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the largest ancestry groups in <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a> 02108 and 02114 are:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th>Ancestry </th> <th>Percentage of<br />02108<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />Massachusetts<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />United States<br />population </th> <th>ZIP code-to-state<br />difference </th> <th>ZIP code-to-USA<br />difference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> </td> <td>17.51% </td> <td>21.16% </td> <td>10.39% </td> <td>–3.65% </td> <td>+7.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> </td> <td>15.49% </td> <td>9.77% </td> <td>7.67% </td> <td>+5.71% </td> <td>+7.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> </td> <td>13.34% </td> <td>13.19% </td> <td>5.39% </td> <td>+0.15% </td> <td>+7.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> </td> <td>8.47% </td> <td>6.00% </td> <td>14.40% </td> <td>+2.47% </td> <td>–5.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> </td> <td>5.78% </td> <td>4.67% </td> <td>2.93% </td> <td>+1.11% </td> <td>+2.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> </td> <td>5.11% </td> <td>4.26% </td> <td>6.89% </td> <td>+0.85% </td> <td>–1.78% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> </td> <td>3.68% </td> <td>6.82% </td> <td>2.56% </td> <td>–3.14% </td> <td>+1.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a> </td> <td>2.40% </td> <td>0.51% </td> <td>1.40% </td> <td>+1.88% </td> <td>+1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> </td> <td>2.35% </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>+2.24% </td> <td>+2.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a> </td> <td>2.32% </td> <td>1.10% </td> <td>0.59% </td> <td>+1.22% </td> <td>+1.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> </td> <td>1.93% </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>1.24% </td> <td>–0.35% </td> <td>+0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> </td> <td>1.93% </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>0.45% </td> <td>+1.56% </td> <td>+1.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a> </td> <td>1.85% </td> <td>0.70% </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td>+1.15% </td> <td>+1.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a> </td> <td>1.85% </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>1.71% </td> <td>–0.43% </td> <td>+0.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a> </td> <td>1.58% </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td>1.32% </td> <td>+0.96% </td> <td>+0.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian</a> </td> <td>1.53% </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>+1.44% </td> <td>+1.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a> </td> <td>1.51% </td> <td>1.67% </td> <td>1.23% </td> <td>–0.16% </td> <td>+0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td>1.46% </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>0.31% </td> <td>+1.08% </td> <td>+1.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a> </td> <td>1.38% </td> <td>3.91% </td> <td>0.65% </td> <td>–2.52% </td> <td>+0.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a> </td> <td>1.16% </td> <td>0.48% </td> <td>0.43% </td> <td>+0.68% </td> <td>+0.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a> </td> <td>1.01% </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>0.57% </td> <td>+0.66% </td> <td>+0.45% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th>Ancestry </th> <th>Percentage of<br />02114<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />Massachusetts<br />population </th> <th>Percentage of<br />United States<br />population </th> <th>ZIP code-to-state<br />difference </th> <th>ZIP code-to-USA<br />difference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> </td> <td>17.58% </td> <td>21.16% </td> <td>10.39% </td> <td>–3.58% </td> <td>+7.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> </td> <td>13.66% </td> <td>13.19% </td> <td>5.39% </td> <td>+0.47% </td> <td>+8.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> </td> <td>8.81% </td> <td>6.00% </td> <td>14.40% </td> <td>+2.80% </td> <td>–5.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> </td> <td>8.05% </td> <td>9.77% </td> <td>7.67% </td> <td>–1.73% </td> <td>+1.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> </td> <td>5.27% </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>1.24% </td> <td>+2.99% </td> <td>+4.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> </td> <td>4.50% </td> <td>4.67% </td> <td>2.93% </td> <td>–0.17% </td> <td>+1.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Ricans in the United States">Puerto Rican</a> </td> <td>4.11% </td> <td>4.52% </td> <td>1.66% </td> <td>–0.41% </td> <td>+2.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> </td> <td>4.10% </td> <td>6.82% </td> <td>2.56% </td> <td>–2.72% </td> <td>+1.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a> </td> <td>3.67% </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>1.71% </td> <td>+1.39% </td> <td>+1.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> </td> <td>3.59% </td> <td>4.26% </td> <td>6.89% </td> <td>–0.67% </td> <td>–3.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a> </td> <td>2.71% </td> <td>1.65% </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td>+1.06% </td> <td>+1.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Asian Indian</a> </td> <td>2.48% </td> <td>1.39% </td> <td>1.09% </td> <td>+1.09% </td> <td>+1.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a> </td> <td>2.18% </td> <td>3.91% </td> <td>0.65% </td> <td>–1.72% </td> <td>+1.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a> </td> <td>2.05% </td> <td>1.67% </td> <td>1.23% </td> <td>+0.39% </td> <td>+0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a> </td> <td>1.82% </td> <td>0.51% </td> <td>1.40% </td> <td>+1.31% </td> <td>+0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European</a> </td> <td>1.65% </td> <td>1.08% </td> <td>1.23% </td> <td>+0.56% </td> <td>+0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a> </td> <td>1.52% </td> <td>1.10% </td> <td>0.59% </td> <td>+0.42% </td> <td>+0.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a> </td> <td>1.07% </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>+0.96% </td> <td>+1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a> </td> <td>1.06% </td> <td>1.22% </td> <td>0.40% </td> <td>–0.16% </td> <td>+0.66% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Boston" title="History of Boston">History of Boston</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Founders_Memorial,_Boston_Common,_MA,_2023-02-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg/220px-Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg/330px-Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg/440px-Founders_Memorial%2C_Boston_Common%2C_MA%2C_2023-02-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3897" data-file-height="2705" /></a><figcaption><i>Founders Memorial</i>, John Francis Paramino, 1930. The memorial, located in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a>, depicts the city's first English resident, William Blackstone, greeting colonial governor John Winthrop and his company.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first European settler was <a href="/wiki/William_Blaxton" title="William Blaxton">William Blaxton</a>, also spelled Blackstone. In 1625 he built a house and orchard on Beacon Hill's south slope, roughly at the location of Beacon and Spruce street. The settlement was a "preformal arrangement". In 1630 Boston was settled by the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Bay Company">Massachusetts Bay Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southwestern slope was used by the city for military drills and livestock grazing. In 1634 a <a href="/wiki/Beacon" title="Beacon">signal beacon</a> was established on the top of the hill.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._6_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailors and British soldiers visited the north slope of Beacon Hill during the 17th and 18th centuries. As a result, it became an "undesirable" area for Boston residents.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Fringe activities</a>" occurred on "Mount Whoredom", the backslope of Beacon Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._7_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beacon Street was established in 1708 from a cow path to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a> owned land on the south slope for pasture for his cows and farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1787 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a> designed the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its construction was completed in 1795, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_House_(Boston)" title="Old State House (Boston)">Old State House</a> in the center of Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vorhess_p._68_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vorhess_p._68-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Proprietors" title="Mount Vernon Proprietors">Mount Vernon Proprietors</a> group was formed to develop the trimount area,<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name trimount later morphed into "Tremont", as in Tremont Street.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when by 1780 the city's neighborhoods could no longer meet the needs of the growing number of residents.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighteen and a half<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 19 acres of grassland west of the State House was purchased in 1795, most of it from John Singleton Copley. The Beacon Hill district's development began when Charles Bulfinch, an architect and planner, laid out the plan for the neighborhood. Four years later the hills were leveled, Mount Vernon Street was laid, and mansions were built along it. One of the first homes was the <a href="/wiki/First_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House" title="First Harrison Gray Otis House">Harrison Gray Otis House</a> on Cambridge Street.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Development">Development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Construction of homes began in earnest at the turn of the century, such as: freestanding <a href="/wiki/Mansion" title="Mansion">mansions</a>, symmetrical pairs of houses, and <a href="/wiki/Row_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Row house">row houses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1803 and 1805, the first row houses were built for <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Higginson_(Continental_Congress)" title="Stephen Higginson (Continental Congress)">Stephen Higginson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Harrison Gray Otis House, mansion, on Cambridge Street"><img alt="Harrison Gray Otis House, mansion, on Cambridge Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG/165px-1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG/248px-1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG/330px-1st_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_House" title="Harrison Gray Otis House">Harrison Gray Otis House</a>, mansion, on Cambridge Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair of houses, 54–55 Beacon Street. House on left is known as William H. Prescott House and as Headquarters House."><img alt="Pair of houses, 54–55 Beacon Street. House on left is known as William H. Prescott House and as Headquarters House." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg/165px-Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg/248px-Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg/330px-Headquarters_House_55_Beacon_Street_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pair of houses, 54–55 Beacon Street. House on left is known as <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_House_(Boston)" title="Headquarters House (Boston)">William H. Prescott House and as Headquarters House</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chestnut Street, row houses, 2010"><img alt="Chestnut Street, row houses, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg/165px-2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg/248px-2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg/330px-2010_ChestnutSt_CharlesSt_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chestnut Street, row houses, 2010</div> </li> </ul> <p>In the 1830s, residential homes were built for wealthy people on Chestnut and Mt. Vernon Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._16_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._16-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some affluent people moved, beginning in the 1870s, to <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a> with its "French-inspired boulevards and <a href="/wiki/Mansard_roof" title="Mansard roof">mansard-roofed</a> houses that were larger, lighter, and airier than the denser Beacon Hill."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 19th century, there were "fringe activities" along the Back Bay waterfront, with <a href="/wiki/Ropewalk" title="Ropewalk">ropewalks</a> along Beacon and Charles Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._10_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_slope">South slope</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South slope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The south slope "became the seat of Boston wealth and power."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was carefully planned for people who left densely populated areas, like the North End.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The residents of opulent homes, called the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston Brahmins</a>, were described by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a> as a "harmless, inoffensive, untitled aristocracy". They had "houses by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a>, their monopoly on Beacon Street, their ancestral portraits and Chinese porcelains, humanitarianism, <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> faith in the march of the mind, <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a> shrewdness, and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> exclusiveness."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Literary_salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary salon">Literary salons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Publishing_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishing house">publishing houses</a> were founded in the 19th century. "Great thinkers" lived in the neighborhood, including <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thoreau" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thoreau">Henry Thoreau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vorhess_p._68_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vorhess_p._68-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flat_of_the_Hill">Flat of the Hill</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flat of the Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Development began in the early 19th century. Single family homes often had stores on the first floor for retailers, carpenters and shoemakers.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, many of the 19th century waterfront landmarks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_Meeting_House" title="Charles Street Meeting House">Charles Street Meeting House</a>, are found far from the water due to the filling that has taken place since then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_slope">North slope</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North slope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boston_African_American_National_Historic_Site" title="Boston African American National Historic Site">Boston African American National Historic Site</a></div> <p>The north slope was the home of African Americans, sailors and Eastern and Southern European immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area around Belknap Street (now Joy Street) in particular became home to more than 1,000 blacks beginning in the mid-1700s. While this community is often described as arising from domestic workers in the homes of white residents on the south slope of the Hill, property records indicate that the black community on the north slope was already well-established by 1805, before the filling-in of the south slope was completed, and so before that slope of Beacon Hill came to be considered an affluent area.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many blacks in the neighborhood attended church with the whites but did not have a vote in church affairs and sat in segregated seating. A Baptist congregation, built the <a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House</a> in 1806 and by 1840 there were five black churches. The African Meeting House on Joy Street was a community center for members of the <a href="/wiki/Black_elite" title="Black elite">black elite</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> spoke there about abolition, and <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="New England Anti-Slavery Society">New England Anti-Slavery Society</a> at the Meeting House.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a "hotbed and an important depot on the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blacks and whites were largely united on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition</a>. Beacon Hill was one of the staunchest centers of the anti-slavery movement in the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum era">Antebellum era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest black Republican legislators<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States was <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Chappelle" title="Julius Caesar Chappelle">Julius Caesar Chappelle</a> (1852–1904), who served as a legislator in Boston from 1883 to 1886 and whose district included the Beacon Hill area. Chappelle was a popular, well-liked politician and was covered by many of the black newspapers in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blacks migrated to <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxbury, Massachusetts">Roxbury</a> and Boston's <a href="/wiki/South_End,_Boston" title="South End, Boston">South End</a> after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Immigrants">Immigrants</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Immigrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the latter part of the 19th century, Beacon Hill absorbed an influx of <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish</a> and other immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._23_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._23-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many homes built of brick and wood in the early 19th century were dilapidated by the end of the Civil War and were razed for new housing.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brick apartment buildings, or <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenements</a>, were built.<sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_report_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_report-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yellow brick townhouses were constructed, generally with arched windows on the first floor and a low ceiling on the top, fourth floor. Residential homes were also converted to boarding houses.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The north slope neighborhood transitioned as blacks moved out of the neighborhood and immigrants, such as Eastern European Jews, made their homes in the community. The <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Shul" title="Vilna Shul">Vilna Shul</a> was established in 1898, and the <a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House</a> was converted into a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beacon_Hill,_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg/220px-Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg/330px-Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg/440px-Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3623" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption>The neighborhood of Beacon Hill as seen from the Charles River (with the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a> in the background)</figcaption></figure> <p>Better transportation service to the suburbs and other cities led a boom to the city's economy at the beginning of the 20th century. New buildings, "compatible with the surroundings", were built and older buildings renovated. To ensure that there were controls on new development and demolition, the Beacon Hill Association was formed in 1922. Into the 1940s there were attempts to replace brick sidewalks, but the projects were abandoned due to community resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks, restaurants and other service industries moved into the "Flat of the Hill", with a resulting transformation of the neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Red-light districts operated near Beacon Hill in <a href="/wiki/Scollay_Square" title="Scollay Square">Scollay Square</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="West End, Boston, Massachusetts">West End</a> until a 1950s <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> project renovated the area.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prevent urban renewal projects of historically significant buildings in Beacon Hill, its residents ensured that the community obtained historic district status: south slope in 1955, Flat of the Hill in 1958, and north slope in 1963. The Beacon Hill Architectural Commission was established in 1955 to monitor renovation and development projects.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in 1963, 70-72 Mount Vernon Street was to be demolished for the construction of an apartment building. A compromise was made to maintain the building and its exterior and build new apartments inside.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historic_district_and_national_landmark">Historic district and national landmark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Historic district and national landmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, state legislation Chapter 616 created the Historic Beacon Hill District. It was the first such district in Massachusetts, created to protect historic sites and manage urban renewal.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10_questions_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_questions-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_Brochure-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporting these objectives is the local non-profit Beacon Hill Civic Association.<sup id="cite_ref-10_questions_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_questions-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Commission" title="Massachusetts Historical Commission">Massachusetts Historical Commission</a>, the historic districts "appear to have stabilized architectural fabric" of Beacon Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beacon Hill was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> on December 19, 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wealthy Boston families continue to live at the Flat of the Hill and south slope. Inhabitants of the north slope include Suffolk University students and professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sites_of_interest">Sites of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sites of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Heritage_Trail">Black Heritage Trail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Black Heritage Trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_African_American_National_Historic_Site" title="Boston African American National Historic Site">Boston African American National Historic Site</a> is located just north of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historic buildings along today's <a href="/wiki/Black_Heritage_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Heritage Trail">Black Heritage Trail</a> were the homes, businesses, schools and churches of the black community.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fodor's2008_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fodor's2008-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_Meeting_House" title="Charles Street Meeting House">Charles Street Meeting House</a> was built in 1807, the church had seating that segregated white and black people.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S2_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House#Museum" title="African Meeting House">Museum of African American History</a>, New England's largest museum dedicated to African American history, is located at the <a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House</a>, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Abiel_Smith_School" title="Abiel Smith School">Abiel Smith School</a>. The meeting house is the oldest surviving Black church built by African Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S1_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S2_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gould_Shaw_Memorial" title="Robert Gould Shaw Memorial">Robert Gould Shaw Memorial</a> and the <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Massachusetts Regiment">54th Massachusetts Regiment</a> Memorial are located at Beacon Street and Park Street, opposite the Massachusetts State House.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S1_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPS_BOAF-S2_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_BOAF-S2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massachusetts_State_House">Massachusetts State House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Massachusetts State House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>, located on Beacon Street, is the home of the Commonwealth's government. The gold-domed state capitol building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a> and was completed in 1798. Many of the country's state capitol buildings were modeled after the State House.<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arch_Record_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arch_Record-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Massachusetts State House"><img alt="Massachusetts State House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg/165px-Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg/248px-Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg/330px-Mass_statehouse_eb1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6186" data-file-height="4765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Massachusetts State House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Beacon_Monument,_Beacon_Hill,_Boston,_Massachusetts.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Beacon Hill Monument in back of the State House marking the site of the original beacon pole"><img alt="Beacon Hill Monument in back of the State House marking the site of the original beacon pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/165px-The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/248px-The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/330px-The_Beacon_Monument%2C_Beacon_Hill%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill_Monument" title="Beacon Hill Monument">Beacon Hill Monument</a> in back of the State House marking the site of the original <a href="/wiki/Beacon_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Beacon pole">beacon pole</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community">Community</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Beacon Hill Civic Association has a long history as a community resource for the Beacon Hill neighborhood. Founded in 1922 by neighbors with the goal of preventing home building and other construction, today it continues as a volunteer advocacy organization focused on improving quality of life in the neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-BHCA_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHCA-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first founded to fight city plans to replace the neighborhood's brick sidewalks.<sup id="cite_ref-BH_Civic_Globe_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BH_Civic_Globe-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then its efforts have been instrumental in preserving Beacon Hill as a historic district, and have expanded to include such initiatives as: working to become the first neighborhood to receive resident parking permits, streamlining trash service, and creating a virtual retirement community serving the neighborhood's elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-BH_Civic_Globe_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BH_Civic_Globe-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-religious">Non-religious</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Non-religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Odd_Volumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Club of Odd Volumes">The Club of Odd Volumes</a>, a historic organization on Mount Vernon Street, serves as a <a href="/wiki/Bibliophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophiles">Bibliophiles</a> club, library, and archive. The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_House_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Headquarters House (Boston, Massachusetts)">Headquarters House</a>, also known as William Hickling Prescott House, is a museum run by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Colonial_Dames" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Colonial Dames">Society of Colonial Dames</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's oldest legal organization, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bar_Association" title="Boston Bar Association">Boston Bar Association</a>, is on Beacon Street.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beacon Hill Village was the first formal <a href="/wiki/Elder_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Elder Village">Elder Village</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Gross07_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross07-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ElNasser_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElNasser-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Club of Odd Volumes, 77 Mt. Vernon Street"><img alt="The Club of Odd Volumes, 77 Mt. Vernon Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg/165px-77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg/248px-77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg/330px-77_MtVernonSt_Boston_2010_f2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Club_of_Odd_Volumes" title="The Club of Odd Volumes">The Club of Odd Volumes</a>, 77 Mt. Vernon Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chester Harding House, a National Historic Landmark occupied by portrait painter Chester Harding from 1826 to 1830, now houses the Boston Bar Association."><img alt="The Chester Harding House, a National Historic Landmark occupied by portrait painter Chester Harding from 1826 to 1830, now houses the Boston Bar Association." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg/113px-Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg/170px-Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg/226px-Boston_Bar_Association_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Chester_Harding_House" title="Chester Harding House">Chester Harding House</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> occupied by portrait painter <a href="/wiki/Chester_Harding_(painter)" title="Chester Harding (painter)">Chester Harding</a> from 1826 to 1830, now houses the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bar_Association" title="Boston Bar Association">Boston Bar Association</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religious">Religious</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Religious organizations include the <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Shul" title="Vilna Shul">Vilna Shul</a>, an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, and the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a> headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-google2845_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2845-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Advent_(Boston)" title="Church of the Advent (Boston)">Church of the Advent</a> is a Victorian Gothic Church, faced in brick with 8 massive <a href="/wiki/Change_ringing" title="Change ringing">change ringing</a> bells and a 172-foot spire.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Park_Street_Church" title="Park Street Church">Park Street Church</a>, nicknamed "Brimstone Corner" in the 19th century, was used to store gunpowder during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. Samuel Francis Smith first sang his song <i><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful" title="America the Beautiful">America the Beautiful</a></i> at this church in 1831. Two years earlier <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> spoke to the congregation about abolishing slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-Vorhess_p._68_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vorhess_p._68-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the few outposts of the small Protestant group the <a href="/wiki/Swedenborgian_Church_of_North_America" title="Swedenborgian Church of North America">Swedenborgian Church</a> is on Bowdoin Street, and was embroiled in controversy in 2013 over alleged extortion by a former mafioso.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While home to a <a href="/wiki/Paulist_Fathers" title="Paulist Fathers">Paulist</a> chapel, Beacon Hill is currently one of only two neighborhoods in Boston that does not contain a <a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Catholic parish church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beacon Hill is predominantly residential, known for old colonial brick row houses with "beautiful doors, decorative iron work, brick sidewalks, narrow streets, and gas lamps". Restaurants and antique shops are located on Charles Street.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louisburg_Square" title="Louisburg Square">Louisburg Square</a> is "the most prestigious address" in Beacon Hill. Its residents have access to private parking and live in "magnificent Greek Revival townhouses." Nearby is Acorn Street, often mentioned as the "most frequently photographed street in the United States." It is a narrow lane paved with <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobblestones</a> that was home to coachmen employed by families in Mt. Vernon and Chestnut Street mansions.<sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Houses on Louisburg Square"><img alt="Houses on Louisburg Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg/122px-Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg/184px-Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg/245px-Louisburg_Square_Beacon_Hill_Boston_Massachusetts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Houses on <a href="/wiki/Louisburg_Square" title="Louisburg Square">Louisburg Square</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acorn Street, 2009"><img alt="Acorn Street, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg/124px-2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg/186px-2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg/247px-2009_AcornSt_Boston_3974583115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Acorn Street, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Harrison Gray Otis House, 85 Mount Vernon Street."><img alt="Second Harrison Gray Otis House, 85 Mount Vernon Street." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg/165px-2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg/248px-2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg/330px-2nd_Harrison_Gray_Otis_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_House" title="Harrison Gray Otis House">Harrison Gray Otis House</a>, 85 Mount Vernon Street.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acorn Street, 2013"><img alt="Acorn Street, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg/110px-USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg/165px-USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg/220px-USA-Boston-Beacon_Hill0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Acorn Street, 2013</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_House" title="Harrison Gray Otis House">Harrison Gray Otis House</a> on Cambridge Street was built in 1796. Charles Bulfinch designed this house, and two additional houses, for the businessman and politician who was instrumental in Beacon Hill's development and Boston becoming the state capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Arch_Record_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arch_Record-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Otis House also houses the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Historic_New_England" title="Historic New England">Historic New England</a>, previously known as Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. Other notable houses are the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman_House" title="Francis Parkman House">Francis Parkman House</a> and an 1804 townhouse, now the <a href="/wiki/Nichols_House_Museum" title="Nichols House Museum">Nichols House Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nichols House "offers a rare glimpse inside [the] Brahmin life" of <a href="/wiki/Rose_Standish_Nichols" title="Rose Standish Nichols">Rose Standish Nichols</a>, a landscape artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_addresses_in_Beacon_Hill,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable addresses in Beacon Hill, Boston">List of notable addresses in Beacon Hill, Boston</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffolk_University">Suffolk University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Suffolk University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston">List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk University</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University_Law_School" title="Suffolk University Law School">Law School</a> are adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University_Law_School" title="Suffolk University Law School">Suffolk University Law School</a> was founded in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sargent_Hall,_Suffolk_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sargent Hall, Suffolk University"><img alt="Sargent Hall, Suffolk University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg/165px-Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg/248px-Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg/330px-Sargent_Hall%2C_Suffolk_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6084" data-file-height="4381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sargent Hall, Suffolk University</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Law Library reading room, Suffolk University Law School"><img alt="Law Library reading room, Suffolk University Law School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG/165px-Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG/248px-Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG/330px-Suffolk_Law_Library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Law Library reading room, Suffolk University Law School</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png/250px-MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png/375px-MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png/500px-MBTA_Boston_subway_map.png 2x" data-file-width="3062" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption>MBTA subway map; Beacon Hill is in the center.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Boston" title="Transportation in Boston">Transportation in Boston</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a> (MBTA) <a href="/wiki/List_of_MBTA_subway_stations" title="List of MBTA subway stations">subway stations</a> in Beacon Hill are:<sup id="cite_ref-Vorhess_p._68_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vorhess_p._68-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Park_Street_station_(MBTA)" title="Park Street station (MBTA)">Park Street</a> – <a href="/wiki/Red_Line_(MBTA)" title="Red Line (MBTA)">Red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">Green</a> Lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_(MBTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowdoin (MBTA station)">Bowdoin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(MBTA)" title="Blue Line (MBTA)">Blue Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles/MGH_station" title="Charles/MGH station">Charles/MGH</a> – Red Line</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/MBTA_bus" title="MBTA bus">MBTA bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/MBTA_commuter_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="MBTA commuter rail">MBTA commuter rail</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Boston" title="Port of Boston">ferry</a> services are also available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Beacon_Hill,_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Beacon Hill, Boston">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Beacon Hill has been home to many notable persons, including: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Albert" title="Mildred Albert">Mildred Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Women" title="Little Women">Little Women</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew" title="John Albion Andrew">John Albion Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blaxton" title="William Blaxton">William Blaxton</a>, original owner of Beacon Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Booth" title="Edwin Booth">Edwin Booth</a>, actor; brother of <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bent_Brigham" title="Peter Bent Brigham">Peter Bent Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ednah_Dow_Littlehale_Cheney" title="Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney">Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gibson_(Captain)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gibson (Captain)">James Gibson (Captain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Doub_Erickson" title="Janet Doub Erickson">Janet Doub Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Harding_(painter)" title="Chester Harding (painter)">Chester Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Heinz" title="Teresa Heinz">Teresa Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Johnson" title="Abigail Johnson">Abigail Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Edward M. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Robert Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Alden_Childers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Alden Childers">Mary Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Gray Otis (lawyer)">Harrison Gray Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Prescott" title="William Prescott">William Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Raymond" title="Eleanor Raymond">Eleanor Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Allen_Thorndike_Rice" title="C. Allen Thorndike Rice">C. Allen Thorndike Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rice_(politician)" title="Henry Rice (politician)">Henry Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_Roth" title="David Lee Roth">David Lee Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sexton" title="Anne Sexton">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gould_Shaw" title="Robert Gould Shaw">Robert Gould Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a>, singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Thurman" title="Uma Thurman">Uma Thurman</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Osgood_Warren" title="Gretchen Osgood Warren">Gretchen Osgood Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiske_Warren" title="Fiske Warren">Fiske Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Welch" title="Jack Welch">Jack Welch</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Published in 1937, the Pulitzer-Prize-winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a></i> by John Phillips Marquand satirizes the upper-class white residents of Beacon Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William Kane, one of the protagonists in the Jeffrey Archer novel <i><a href="/wiki/Kane_and_Abel_(novel)" title="Kane and Abel (novel)">Kane and Abel</a></i>, lives in Beacon Hill.</li> <li>On Beacon Street, the <a href="/wiki/Cheers_Beacon_Hill" title="Cheers Beacon Hill">Bull and Finch Bar</a> was the inspiration and source of exterior shots for the <i><a href="/wiki/Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">television show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Make_Way_for_Ducklings" title="Make Way for Ducklings">Make Way for Ducklings</a></i> (Viking, 1941) is a <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's book">children's</a> <a href="/wiki/Picture_book" title="Picture book">picture book</a> written and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCloskey" title="Robert McCloskey">Robert McCloskey</a>. Most of the story is set at the foot of Beacon Hill, especially the route taken by the fictional <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">Mrs. Mallard</a> and her children on foot across Beacon Street. It is commemorated every year in May by a parade through Beacon Hill to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Garden" title="Boston Public Garden">Boston Public Garden</a>, where the mallards nested.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Nine Lives; or, the celebrated cat of Beacon Hill</i> (Pantheon, 1951) is a 62-page children's book by the novelist Edward Fenton (1917–1995) and illustrator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Galdone" title="Paul Galdone">Paul Galdone</a>. "A wealthy, elderly Boston matron adopts a scruffy tomcat and while she is away on a trip her jealous butler tries very hard to destroy all nine of the cat's lives."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1968 <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thomas_Crown_Affair_(1968_film)" title="The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)">The Thomas Crown Affair</a></i> is set and was largely filmed in and around Beacon Hill.</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emerson_Winchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emerson Winchester">Charles Emerson Winchester</a> was born and raised there, and in an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)" title="M*A*S*H (TV series)">MASH</a></i> [9/13 "No Laughing Matter"] swears "By Beacon Hill" to get revenge on the commanding officer who sent him to MASH 4077.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Robert Lowell</a>'s prose sketch <i>91 Revere Street</i> was inspired by his childhood home on Beacon Hill.</li> <li>Dr. Michaela Quinn of <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Quinn,_Medicine_Woman" title="Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman">Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman</a></i> was raised on Beacon Hill.</li> <li>Dr. Maura Isles of TNT's <i><a href="/wiki/Rizzoli_%26_Isles" title="Rizzoli & Isles">Rizzoli & Isles</a></i> lives on Beacon Hill.</li> <li>Asclepia, a small private hospital, is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a>'s sixth <a href="/wiki/Aubrey%E2%80%93Maturin_series" title="Aubrey–Maturin series">Aubrey-Maturin</a> novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fortune_of_War" title="The Fortune of War">The Fortune of War</a></i>, as being "in a dry, healthy location near Beacon Hill."</li> <li>The NBC TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Banacek" title="Banacek">Banacek</a></i> (1972–1974) was set and partially filmed on Beacon Hill. Its main character "Thomas Banacek" played by George Peppard grew up in nearby "Scollay Square" and lived in the "Second Harrison Grey Otis House."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts">National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Boston" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Boston">List of National Historic Landmarks in Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_addresses_in_Beacon_Hill,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable addresses in Beacon Hill, Boston">List of notable addresses in Beacon Hill, Boston</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Trimount-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trimount_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The trimount hills are commonly called Beacon Hill, Mount Vernon and Pemberton Hill. Beacon Hill was also called "Sentry Hill" and Pemberton Hill was called "Cotton Hill."<sup id="cite_ref-People,_places_and_planning_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People,_places_and_planning-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name trimount later became "Treamount" (as on Lt. Thomas Page's map of 1775) before it morphed into "Tremont", as in contemporary Tremont Street.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mount Whoredom was a name assigned by British soldiers. When Beacon Hill was developed, "the seedy nickname vanished along with the undesirable establishments."<sup id="cite_ref-Melting_pot_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melting_pot-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The land was chosen because it was higher in elevation than the center of town. The capital sits on <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>'s land; The cornerstones were laid by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Adams">Sam Adams</a>; and when the roof was leaking Revere laid copper over the dome. Now, the dome is covered in <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vorhess_p._68_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vorhess_p._68-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boston's population doubled between 1775 and 1810. It went from 16,000 to 32,896 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._10_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beacon Hill architects included <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Willard" title="Solomon Willard">Solomon Willard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Parris" title="Alexander Parris">Alexander Parris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asher_Benjamin" title="Asher Benjamin">Asher Benjamin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal</a> style homes were built in beginning of the 19th century. Later, additional styles included: <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">American Gothic Revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Boston_-_History_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Boston_-_History-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The architecture was described as: <blockquote><p>Highstyle Federal brick townhouses, two and three stories tall with elliptical porticoes, pilasters and balustrades, the most ambitious of them free standing and Bulfinch-designed, were built along the crest of Beacon Hill and on Cambridge Street. Other imposing brick rowhouses were constructed around the Common. Substantial but less pretentious middle-class housing, three story, brick sidehall Federal rowhouses with side and fanlit entrances, filled in the lower slopes of Beacon Hill and the South End along Washington Street while modest sidehall brick houses, three stories tall, were built in the working class neighborhoods of the <a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End</a>, the north slope of Beacon Hill and the <a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston" title="West End, Boston">West End</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._14_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recon_Report_p._14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BRA_BH_Census_2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRA_BH_Census_2010_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelnikBorella" class="citation web cs1">Melnik, Mark; Borella, Nicoya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/getattachment/3d449d73-d20a-4d73-b0a6-313caf4b9708/">"Beacon Hill 2010 Census Population"</a>. <i>Boston Redevelopment Authority</i>. Boston Redevelopment Authority: March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Redevelopment+Authority&rft.atitle=Beacon+Hill+2010+Census+Population&rft.aulast=Melnik&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Borella%2C+Nicoya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org%2Fgetattachment%2F3d449d73-d20a-4d73-b0a6-313caf4b9708%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehill1968" class="citation book cs1">Whitehill, Walter Muir (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boston00walt"><i>Boston: A Topographical History</i></a></span> (Second ed.). Cambridge, Mass., Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boston00walt/page/81">81–84</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boston%3A+A+Topographical+History&rft.pages=81-84&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge%2C+Mass.%2C+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Whitehill&rft.aufirst=Walter+Muir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fboston00walt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-City_of_Boston-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-City_of_Boston_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/neighborhoods/beaconhill.asp">"Beacon Hill"</a>. City of Boston<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beacon+Hill&rft.pub=City+of+Boston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboston.gov%2Fneighborhoods%2Fbeaconhill.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston_RDA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_RDA_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/neighborhoods/Neighborhoods.asp?action=ViewHood&HoodID=3">"Beacon Hill / West End"</a>. Boston Redevelopment Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beacon+Hill&rft.pub=People%2C+places+and+planning+in+Boston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanningboston.org%2Fplaces%2Fbeacon-hill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Recon_Report_p._2-3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recon_Report_p._2-3_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcpdf/townreports/Boston/bos.pdf">"MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report, Boston, 1981"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MHC+Reconnaissance+Survey+Town+Report%2C+Boston%2C+1981.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E3%2C+5&rft.pub=Secretary+of+State%2C+State+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.ma.us%2Fmhc%2Fmhcpdf%2Ftownreports%2FBoston%2Fbos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Mitchell_Sammarco2002" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Mitchell Sammarco (October 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tZurfEyiSB0C&pg=PA33"><i>Downtown Boston</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1124-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1124-5"><bdi>978-0-7385-1124-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Questions+for+Historic+Homeowners&rft.pub=Beacon+Hill+Civic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboston.gov%2FImages_Documents%2FBeacon%2520Hill%2520Civic%2520Association%2520Historic%2520Homeowners%2520Brochure_tcm3-13509.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Let's_Go_p._64-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Let's_Go_p._64_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Let's_Go_p._64_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PpGmikJ4tSkC&pg=PA64"><i>Let's Go Boston 4th Edition</i></a>. 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Secretary of State, State of Massachusetts. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MHC+Reconnaissance+Survey+Town+Report%2C+Boston%2C+1981.&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Secretary+of+State%2C+State+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.ma.us%2Fmhc%2Fmhcpdf%2Ftownreports%2FBoston%2Fbos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS_07-11_BH-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS_07-11_BH_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelnikGaoKalevichWong" class="citation web cs1">Melnik, Mark; Gao, Lingshan; Kalevich, Alexis; Wong, Joanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/getattachment/3f8fab8b-0c44-4734-bc4a-c914591c58a7/">"American Community Survey 2007-2011 Estimate Beacon Hill Neighborhood"</a>. <i>Boston Redevelopment Authority</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Change+Ringing+at+The+Church+of+the+Advent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.theadventboston.org%2Fparilife%2Fbells.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkilah_Johnson2013" class="citation news cs1">Akilah Johnson (May 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/05/22/director-beacon-hill-church-indicted-charges-looting-venerable-institution/1es8sjlycYIQ5hAON24jHM/story.html">"Beacon Hill church director accused of stealing funds"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Beacon+Hill+church+director+accused+of+stealing+funds&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft.au=Akilah+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2013%2F05%2F22%2Fdirector-beacon-hill-church-indicted-charges-looting-venerable-institution%2F1es8sjlycYIQ5hAON24jHM%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paulistcenter.org/welcome-to-the-paulist-center/faqs/">"FAQs"</a>. September 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulistcenter.org%2Fwelcome-to-the-paulist-center%2Ffaqs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_BlandingAlexandra_Hall2011" class="citation book cs1">Michael Blanding; Alexandra Hall (May 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ixAd-ZNvuQgC&pg=PA16"><i>Moon Spotlight Massachusetts</i></a>. Avalon Travel. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-086-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-086-5"><bdi>978-1-61238-086-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moon+Spotlight+Massachusetts&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Avalon+Travel&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-61238-086-5&rft.au=Michael+Blanding&rft.au=Alexandra+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DixAd-ZNvuQgC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan._SouthworthMichael._Southworth2008" class="citation book cs1">Susan. Southworth; Michael. Southworth (March 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hmw3ofv3cKUC&pg=PA37"><i>AIA guide to Boston</i></a>. Globe Pequot. pp. 7, <span class="nowrap">37–</span>38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4337-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4337-7"><bdi>978-0-7627-4337-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+guide+to+Boston&rft.pages=7%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2008-03-18&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-4337-7&rft.au=Susan.+Southworth&rft.au=Michael.+Southworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhmw3ofv3cKUC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuffolk_University2006" class="citation web cs1">Suffolk University (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225050406/http://www.law.suffolk.edu/~Lawyers/">"Suffolk Law School"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.suffolk.edu/~Lawyers/">the original</a> on December 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suffolk+Law+School&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Suffolk+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.suffolk.edu%2F~Lawyers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLife1947" class="citation magazine cs1">Life (April 21, 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ck0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA65">"Movie of the Week: <i>The Late George Apley</i>"</a>. <i>Life</i>. Time Inc. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3019">0024-3019</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Movie+of+the+Week%3A+The+Late+George+Apley&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1947-04-21&rft.issn=0024-3019&rft.au=Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dck0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan._SouthworthMichael._Southworth2008" class="citation book cs1">Susan. Southworth; Michael. Southworth (March 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hmw3ofv3cKUC&pg=PA12"><i>AIA guide to Boston</i></a>. Globe Pequot. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4337-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4337-7"><bdi>978-0-7627-4337-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+guide+to+Boston&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2008-03-18&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-4337-7&rft.au=Susan.+Southworth&rft.au=Michael.+Southworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhmw3ofv3cKUC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard_S._Marcus2008" class="citation book cs1">Leonard S. Marcus (February 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q9Y2RlJNjZIC&pg=PA11"><i>A Caldecott Celebration: Seven Artists and Their Paths to the Caldecott Medal</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-9703-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-9703-2"><bdi>978-0-8027-9703-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Caldecott+Celebration%3A+Seven+Artists+and+Their+Paths+to+the+Caldecott+Medal&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2008-02-05&rft.isbn=978-0-8027-9703-2&rft.au=Leonard+S.+Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq9Y2RlJNjZIC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/470384">"Nine lives; or, The celebrated cat of Beacon Hill"</a>. One library catalog record for the first edition. <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>. Retrieved 30 August 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hne-rs.s3.amazonaws.com/filestore/1/2/9/3/2_e25acb289f38f51/12932_28e155347261013.pdf">"Area Preservation and the Beacon Hill Bill"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Old-Time New England</i>. <b>46</b> (164). Spring 1956.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Old-Time+New+England&rft.atitle=Area+Preservation+and+the+Beacon+Hill+Bill&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=164&rft.date=1956&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhne-rs.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ffilestore%2F1%2F2%2F9%2F3%2F2_e25acb289f38f51%2F12932_28e155347261013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoying_Li-Marcus2002" class="citation book cs1">Moying Li-Marcus (October 17, 2002). <i>Beacon Hill: The Life & Times of a Neighborhood</i>. Northeastern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-543-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-543-8"><bdi>978-1-55553-543-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beacon+Hill%3A+The+Life+%26+Times+of+a+Neighborhood&rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-17&rft.isbn=978-1-55553-543-8&rft.au=Moying+Li-Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._McVoy_McIntyre1975" class="citation book cs1">A. McVoy McIntyre (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beaconhillwalkin00mcin"><i>Beacon Hill: A Walking Tour</i></a>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-55600-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-55600-2"><bdi>978-0-316-55600-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beacon+Hill%3A+A+Walking+Tour&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-316-55600-2&rft.au=A.+McVoy+McIntyre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeaconhillwalkin00mcin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Shackleton2008" class="citation book cs1">Robert Shackleton (June 1, 2008). <i>The Book of Boston</i>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4366-5685-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4366-5685-6"><bdi>978-1-4366-5685-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Boston&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4366-5685-6&rft.au=Robert+Shackleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span> Online version: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kellscraft.com/BookofBoston/BookofBostoncontentpage.html"><i>Book of Boston</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Biography: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Burgess_Green1989" class="citation book cs1">Martin Burgess Green (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mountvernonstree00gree"><i>The Mount Vernon Street Warrens: A Boston Story, 1860–1910</i></a>. Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19109-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19109-6"><bdi>978-0-684-19109-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mount+Vernon+Street+Warrens%3A+A+Boston+Story%2C+1860%E2%80%931910&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-684-19109-6&rft.au=Martin+Burgess+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmountvernonstree00gree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Fiction: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrances_Parkinson_Keyes1950" class="citation book cs1">Frances Parkinson Keyes (1950). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joystree00keye"><i>Joy Street</i></a></span>. Messner<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joy+Street&rft.pub=Messner&rft.date=1950&rft.au=Frances+Parkinson+Keyes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoystree00keye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeacon+Hill%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beacon_Hill,_Boston" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beacon Hill, Boston">Beacon Hill, Boston</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boston/Beacon_Hill#Q812889" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Boston/Beacon Hill">Beacon Hill</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beacon-hill-boston.com/History">Beacon Hill History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.gov/historic-district/historic-beacon-hill-district">Historic Beacon Hill District</a> | City of Boston</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beaconhillonline.com">Beacon Hill Online</a> (last updated in 2009)</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beacon_Hill,_Boston&params=42.3583_N_71.0661_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°03′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3583°N 71.0661°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3583; -71.0661</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boston392" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DFBC1E; 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text-decoration: inherit;">Boston</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_annual_events_in_Boston" title="List of annual events in Boston">Annual events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Boston" title="Architecture of Boston">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arts_organizations_in_Boston" title="List of arts organizations in Boston">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Boston" title="Bibliography of Boston">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Boston" title="Culture in Boston">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Boston">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Boston" title="List of diplomatic missions in Boston">Diplomatic missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Boston">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Boston">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Boston">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Boston">Historic places</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Boston">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Boston" title="History of Boston">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boston" title="Timeline of Boston">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Boston" title="Media in Boston">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_nicknames" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Boston" title="List of people from Boston">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Boston">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Boston" title="Port of Boston">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Public library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Schools" title="Boston Public Schools">Public schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sister cities of Boston">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Boston" title="List of tallest buildings in Boston">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Boston" title="List of songs about Boston">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Boston" title="Transportation in Boston">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_of_interest_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sites of interest in Boston">Attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center" title="Boston Convention and Exhibition Center">Boston Convention and Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Irish_Famine_Memorial" title="Boston Irish Famine Memorial">Irish Famine Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party#Boston_Tea_Party_Ships_and_Museum" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Monument" title="Bunker Hill Monument">Bunker Hill Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Heights_Monument" title="Dorchester Heights Monument">Dorchester Heights Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Park_Zoo" title="Franklin Park Zoo">Franklin Park Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Trail" title="Freedom Trail">Freedom Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hynes_Convention_Center" title="Hynes Convention Center">Hynes Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston">Institute of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_the_Great_Spirit" title="Appeal to the Great Spirit">Appeal to the Great Spirit</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_(Boston)" title="Museum of Science (Boston)">Museum of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Aquarium" title="New England Aquarium">New England Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Church" title="Old North Church">Old North Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_House" title="Paul Revere House">Paul Revere House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Boston" title="Symphony Hall, Boston">Boston Symphony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Garden" title="TD Garden">TD Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_Museum" title="USS Constitution Museum">Museum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%">Business<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boston" title="Downtown Boston">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway%E2%80%93Kenmore" title="Fenway–Kenmore">Fenway–Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Center,_Boston" title="Government Center, Boston">Government Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_district" title="Innovation district">Innovation district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_128" title="Massachusetts Route 128">Route 128 corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_End,_Boston" title="South End, Boston">South End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies in Boston">List of companies in Boston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boston#Government_and_politics" title="Boston">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Charter" title="Boston City Charter">City charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Council" title="Boston City Council">City council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Hall" title="Boston City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Boston_mayoral_election" title="2021 Boston mayoral election">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Emergency_Medical_Services" title="Boston Emergency Medical Services">Emergency Medical Services (EMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Finance_Commission" title="Boston Finance Commission">FinComm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Fire_Department" title="Boston Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Housing_Authority" title="Boston Housing Authority">Housing (BHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Planning_%26_Development_Agency" title="Boston Planning & Development Agency">Planning & Development Agency (BPDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Police_Department" title="Boston Police Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Boston" title="Neighborhoods in Boston">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allston%E2%80%93Brighton" title="Allston–Brighton">Allston–Brighton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allston" title="Allston">Allston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Boston" title="Brighton, Boston">Brighton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Village,_Boston" title="Bay Village, Boston">Bay Village</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beacon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Crossing" title="Downtown Crossing">Downtown Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Center,_Boston" title="Government Center, Boston">Government Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Boston" title="Charlestown, Boston">Charlestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Massachusetts" title="Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts">Chestnut Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Boston" title="Dorchester, Boston">Dorchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Point,_Boston" title="Columbia Point, Boston">Columbia Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upham%27s_Corner" class="mw-redirect" title="Upham's Corner">Upham's Corner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston" title="East Boston">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway%E2%80%93Kenmore" title="Fenway–Kenmore">Fenway–Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Harbor Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Boston" title="Hyde Park, Boston">Hyde Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Readville,_Boston" title="Readville, Boston">Readville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills,_Boston" title="Forest Hills, Boston">Forest Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_District" title="Leather District">Leather District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattapan" title="Mattapan">Mattapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Hill,_Boston" title="Mission Hill, Boston">Mission Hill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslindale" title="Roslindale">Roslindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hill,_Boston" title="Fort Hill, Boston">Fort Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Point,_Boston" title="Fort Point, Boston">Fort Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaport_District" title="Seaport District">Seaport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_End,_Boston" title="South End, Boston">South End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston" title="West End, Boston">West End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Roxbury" title="West Roxbury">West Roxbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Boston" title="Sports in Boston">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Free_Jacks" title="New England Free Jacks">New England Free Jacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts700" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts700" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_MA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the United States with Massachusetts highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_USA_MA.svg/100px-Map_of_USA_MA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_USA_MA.svg/151px-Map_of_USA_MA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_of_USA_MA.svg/200px-Map_of_USA_MA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Lists by county</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dukes_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dukes County, Massachusetts">Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nantucket_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nantucket County, Massachusetts">Nantucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Worcester County, Massachusetts">northern</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Lists by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Barnstable County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Harwich,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Harwich, Massachusetts">Harwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Bristol County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Essex County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Andover,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Andover, Massachusetts">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ipswich,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ipswich, Massachusetts">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Methuen,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Methuen, Massachusetts">Methuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Salem,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Hampden County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Middlesex County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Concord,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lexington,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lexington, Massachusetts">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Medford,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Newton,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Reading,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Reading, Massachusetts">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sherborn,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Sherborn, Massachusetts">Sherborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Stoneham,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Stoneham, Massachusetts">Stoneham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wakefield,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wakefield, Massachusetts">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Weston,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Weston, Massachusetts">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Norfolk County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Milton,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Milton, Massachusetts">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Suffolk County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston">northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Boston">southern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Worcester County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Southbridge,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Southbridge, Massachusetts">Southbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Uxbridge,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Uxbridge, Massachusetts">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_eastern_Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Worcester, Massachusetts">eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northwestern_Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northwestern Worcester, Massachusetts">northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southwestern_Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southwestern Worcester, Massachusetts">southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black;width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts" title="List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cape_Cod_National_Seashore" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cape Cod National Seashore">Cape Cod National Seashore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Massachusetts" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts">National Historic Landmarks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Boston" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/16px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/24px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boston_African_American_community_prior_to_the_Civil_War328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston_African_American_community_pre-Civil_War" title="Template:Boston African American community pre-Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boston_African_American_community_pre-Civil_War" title="Template talk:Boston African American community pre-Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boston_African_American_community_pre-Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boston African American community pre-Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boston_African_American_community_prior_to_the_Civil_War328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Boston African American community prior to the Civil War</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_African_American_National_Historic_Site" title="Boston African American National Historic Site">Boston African American National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Heritage_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Heritage Trail">Black Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the colonial United States">Slavery in the colonial United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macon_Bolling_Allen" title="Macon Bolling Allen">Macon Bolling Allen</a> (lawyer, judge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Allen" title="William G. Allen">William G. Allen</a> (college professor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a> (killed during <a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Black" title="Leonard Black">Leonard Black</a> (minister, slave memoirist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Coburn" title="John P. Coburn">John P. Coburn</a> (abolitionist, soldier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen and William Craft</a> (slave memoirists, abolitionists)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Lee_Crumpler" title="Rebecca Lee Crumpler">Rebecca Lee Crumpler</a> (physician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dalton_(abolitionist)" title="Thomas Dalton (abolitionist)">Lucy Lew Dalton</a> (abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dalton_(abolitionist)" title="Thomas Dalton (abolitionist)">Thomas Dalton</a> (abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Easton" title="Hosea Easton">Hosea Easton</a> (abolitionist, minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Grandy" title="Moses Grandy">Moses Grandy</a> (abolitionist, slave memoirist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Grimes" title="Leonard Grimes">Leonard Grimes</a> (abolitionist, minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primus_Hall" title="Primus Hall">Primus Hall</a> (abolitionist, Rev. War soldier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall" title="Prince Hall">Prince Hall</a> (freemason, abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hayden" title="Lewis Hayden">Lewis Hayden</a> (abolitionist, politician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hilton" title="John T. Hilton">John T. Hilton</a> (abolitionist, author, businessman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_James_(minister)" title="Thomas James (minister)">Thomas James</a> (minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Lew" title="Barzillai Lew">Barzillai Lew</a> (Rev. War soldier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(escaped_slave)" title="George Latimer (escaped slave)">George Latimer</a> (escaped slave)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Lewis" title="Walker Lewis">Walker Lewis</a> (abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Middleton_(1735%E2%80%931815)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Middleton (1735–1815)">George Middleton (1735–1815)</a> (Rev. War soldier, Freemason, activist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(lawyer)" title="Robert Morris (lawyer)">Robert Morris</a> (lawyer, abolitionist, judge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cooper_Nell" title="William Cooper Nell">William Cooper Nell</a> (abolitionist, writer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Paul" title="Susan Paul">Susan Paul</a> (teacher, abolitionist, author)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paul_(minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Paul (minister)">Thomas Paul</a> (minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rock_(abolitionist)" title="John Rock (abolitionist)">John Swett Rock</a> (dentist, doctor, lawyer, abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Russwurm" title="John Brown Russwurm">John Brown Russwurm</a> (college grad., teacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Smith" title="John J. Smith">John J. Smith</a> (abolitionist, politician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_W._Stewart" title="Maria W. Stewart">Maria W. Stewart</a> (abolitionist, public speaker, journalist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Stow" title="Baron Stow">Baron Stow</a> (minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Snowden" title="Samuel Snowden">Samuel Snowden</a> (minister, abolitionist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Walker" title="Edward G. Walker">Edward G. Walker</a> (abolitionist, lawyer, politician, son of David Walker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a> (abolitionist, father of Edward G. Walker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillis_Wheatley" title="Phillis Wheatley">Phillis Wheatley</a> (poet, author)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relevant topics and<br />associated individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black nationalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a> (See <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cuffe" title="Paul Cuffe">Paul Cuffe</a> - <a href="/wiki/William_Gwinn" title="William Gwinn">William Gwinn</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> 1857 Supreme Court decision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_suit" title="Freedom suit">Freedom suits</a> of 1781 (See <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Freeman" title="Elizabeth Freeman">Elizabeth Freeman</a> - <a href="/wiki/Quock_Walker" title="Quock Walker">Quock Walker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1850">Fugitive Slave Act of 1850</a> (See: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burns" title="Anthony Burns">Anthony Burns</a> - <a href="/wiki/Shadrach_Minkins" title="Shadrach Minkins">Shadrach Minkins</a> - <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sims" title="Thomas Sims">Thomas Sims</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">History of slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Apthorp" title="Charles Apthorp">Charles Apthorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunch-of-Grapes" title="Bunch-of-Grapes">Bunch-of-Grapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchants_Row_(Boston)" title="Merchants Row (Boston)">Merchants Row</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Abolitionism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Female_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society">Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society</a> (interracial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Anti-Slavery_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society">Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society</a> (interracial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Colored_Association" title="Massachusetts General Colored Association">Massachusetts General Colored Association</a> (abolitionism, equality)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Anti-Slavery_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society">Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society</a> (interracial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primus_Hall" title="Primus Hall">Home of Primus Hall</a> (1798–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House</a> (1806–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Smith_School" title="Abiel Smith School">Abiel Smith School</a> (1835-?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Charles Street African Methodist Episcopal Church">Charles Street African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Baptist_Church,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth Baptist Church, Boston">Twelfth Baptist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucks_of_America" title="Bucks of America">Bucks of America</a> (Mass. Rev. War soldiers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic sites<br /> or neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Smith_School" title="Abiel Smith School">Abiel Smith School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">African Meeting House and Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Beacon Hill</a> (Joy Street, Southack Street (now Phillips))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Heritage_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Heritage Trail">Black Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_African_American_National_Historic_Site" title="Boston African American National Historic Site">Boston African American National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_Meeting_House" title="Charles Street Meeting House">Charles Street Meeting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coburn_House" title="John Coburn House">John Coburn House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Harriet_Hayden_House" title="Lewis and Harriet Hayden House">Lewis and Harriet Hayden House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Middleton_(1735%E2%80%931815)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Middleton (1735–1815)">George Middleton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Nell_House" title="William C. Nell House">William C. Nell House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_School" title="Phillips School">Phillips School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Smith_House" title="John J. Smith House">John J. Smith House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influential publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom%27s_Journal" title="Freedom's Journal">Freedom's Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">Walker's Appeal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copp%27s_Hill_Burying_Ground" title="Copp's Hill Burying Ground">Copp's Hill Burying Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Knapp" title="Isaac Knapp">Isaac Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_Riot_of_1836" title="Abolition Riot of 1836">Abolition Riot of 1836</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata596" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata596" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812889#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124408536">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85299933">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007567268605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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