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The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe - Pierre Rich茅 - Google Books
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe - Pierre Rich茅 - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Carolingians.html?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Carolingians.html?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C"/><meta name="title" content="The Carolingians"/><meta name="description" content="Pierre Rich茅 traces the emergence of Europe from the seventh to the early eleventh century, the period that witnessed the rise, fall, and revival of the Carolinian Empire. It was during this time the first contours of a broad new civilization and the first visible signs of European unity are discernable.Until the seventh century Europe was simply a geographic term; as Isidore of Seville defined it, Europe was "the space that extended from the river Don to Spain and the Atlantic." By the ninth century, however, Europe had gradually acquired a collective being with a shared identity. The political, cultural, and spiritual activity of laymen and churchmen had fostered the creation of a common European fold, which stretched from the Atlantic to the Vistula, and the plains of the middle Danube.The transformation was due in large part to the Carolinians, their relations, and their allies, who together became the masters of Gaul and then much of the West. Rich茅 traces the destiny of the Carolingians and the parallel history of Europe, stressing the roles of the leaders who imposed themselves by force, diplomacy, and culture."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Carolingians"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73x35fkqXTpCNsNTDXfP47Q5Xt0EOtzT6p3sDdhmdtGX81pVvzO32_-4ThwdxdQVd_9o6SQYtpb4a_LG1jaO4wVrFnRLrPZMu0ynzv6SU5S2V93APpleCNRwuOGG9LmyKf1rbHJ"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73x35fkqXTpCNsNTDXfP47Q5Xt0EOtzT6p3sDdhmdtGX81pVvzO32_-4ThwdxdQVd_9o6SQYtpb4a_LG1jaO4wVrFnRLrPZMu0ynzv6SU5S2V93APpleCNRwuOGG9LmyKf1rbHJ"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DTcjy7bCmFL0C%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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It was during this time the first contours of a broad new civilization and the first visible signs of European unity are discernable.<br><br>Until the seventh century Europe was simply a geographic term; as Isidore of Seville defined it, Europe was "the space that extended from the river Don to Spain and the Atlantic." By the ninth century, however, Europe had gradually acquired a collective being with a shared identity. The political, cultural, and spiritual activity of laymen and churchmen had fostered the creation of a common European fold, which stretched from the Atlantic to the Vistula, and the plains of the middle Danube.<br><br>The transformation was due in large part to the Carolinians, their relations, and their allies, who together became the masters of Gaul and then much of the West. Rich茅 traces the destiny of the Carolingians and the parallel history of Europe, stressing the roles of the leaders who imposed themselves by force, diplomacy, and culture.</p></div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="Tcjy7bCmFL0C"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="selected_pages_anchor"></a>Selected pages</h3><div id=selected_pages class=about_content><div id=selected_pages_v><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR3&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2uX6GO3tBcwK-__t-9HhAUUD09bQ" alt="Title Page" title="Title Page" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Title Page</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR7&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U3DRQBJrs0XGF3z0pgxpkjITwapXQ" alt="Table of Contents" title="Table of Contents" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Table of Contents</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA381&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA381&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2XnhnG9xTk_WGIIa1XkkJyAum9Fg" alt="Index" title="Index" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA381&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Index</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA377&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA377&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2mMZ2fqTc7_dCUHiaYFPehdAMbqg" alt="References" title="References" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA377&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >References</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>WESTERN EUROPE IN THE SEVENTH </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>1</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Rise of the Carolingians from the Early </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>9</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE OBSTACLES TO POWER </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>20</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE PRINCIPATE OF PIPPIN II 687714 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>27</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Charles and His Methods of Action </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>36</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE REIGN OF CHARLES MARTEL </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>49</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE REIGN OF PIPPIN THE GREAT </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>65</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Prestige of Pippin III </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>78</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE END OF THE IMPERIAL IDEAL 877888 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>211</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Kingdoms of Middle Gaul </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>226</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The German Kingdom </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>228</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION IN THE FIRST HALF </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>239</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Carolingian Restoration in Western Francia </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>246</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE CAROLINGIAN RESTORATION 936 TO THE CLOSE </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>255</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Restoration of the Empire </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>267</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>A Crossroads of Ottonians and Carolingians </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>274</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE FEATURES AND CIRCUMSTANCES </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>85</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Stages of Charlemagnes Conquests </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>92</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Germany </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>100</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Central and Eastern Europe </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>107</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE EMPEROR CHARLEMAGNE </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>117</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Emperor or Chieftain? </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>125</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Regionalization of Power </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>132</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE GOAL </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>145</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Revolt of 830 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>152</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE PARTITION OF 843 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>160</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE EMPIRE Disbanded 843869 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>170</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Kings in Their Kingdoms </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>178</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHARLES THE BALD THE LAST GREAT CAROLINGIAN </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>197</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE CAROLINGIAN CHURCH </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>285</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Difficult Beginnings </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>296</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Expansion of Christendom </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>298</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE CAROLINGIANS AND THE RENEWAL OF WESTERN </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>312</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Successors of the Carolingians </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>322</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Kings and Books </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>335</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">9 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>340</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Heirs of the Carolingian Kings </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>350</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Map of Merovingian and Carolingian Gaul </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>365</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA381&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="20 " style="white-space:nowrap">20 </span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>381</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA383&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="120 " style="white-space:nowrap">120 </span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>383</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Aachen&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Aachen</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=abbey&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>abbey</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=abbot&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>abbot</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Adalbert&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Adalbert</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=anointed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>anointed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Aquitaine&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Aquitaine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Aquitainian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Aquitainian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=archbishop&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>archbishop</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Arnulf&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Arnulf</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Austrasia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Austrasia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Bavaria&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Bavaria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=became&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>became</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Berengar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Berengar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Bernard&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Bernard</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=bishops&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>bishops</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Boniface&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Boniface</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Boso&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Boso</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=brother&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>brother</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Burgundy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Burgundy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Byzantine&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Byzantine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=capitulary&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>capitulary</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Carloman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Carloman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Carolingian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Carolingian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Carolingian+kings&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Carolingian kings</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Carolingian+rulers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Carolingian rulers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Charlemagne&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Charlemagne</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Charles+Martel&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Charles Martel</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Charles+the+Bald&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Charles the Bald</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Charles+the+Fat&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Charles the Fat</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Charles+the+Simple&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Charles the Simple</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Christian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Christian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=church&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>church</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=clergy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>clergy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=clerics&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>clerics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=coronation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>coronation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=count&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>count</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=court&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>court</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=crown&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>crown</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=daughter&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>daughter</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=death&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>death</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=domains&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>domains</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=duchy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>duchy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=duke&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>duke</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=ecclesiastical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>ecclesiastical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=emperor&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>emperor</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=empire&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>empire</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Europe&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Europe</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=father&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>father</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Frankish+king&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Frankish king</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Franks&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Franks</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Henry&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Henry</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Herbert&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Herbert</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Hincmar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Hincmar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Hugh&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Hugh</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=imperial&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>imperial</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Italy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Italy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=king%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>king's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=kingdom&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>kingdom</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=lands&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>lands</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=later&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>later</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=likewise&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>likewise</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Loire&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Loire</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Lombard&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Lombard</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Lothar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Lothar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Lothar+II&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Lothar II</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Lotharingia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Lotharingia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Louis+the+German&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Louis the German</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Louis+the+Pious&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Louis the Pious</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Louis+the+Stammerer&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Louis the Stammerer</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=magnates&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>magnates</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Magyars&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Magyars</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Mainz&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Mainz</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=marriage&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>marriage</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=married&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>married</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Merovingian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Merovingian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Metz&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Metz</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=monastery&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>monastery</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=monastic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>monastic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=monks&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>monks</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Neustria&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Neustria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=nobility&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>nobility</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=nobles&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>nobles</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Northmen&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Northmen</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Otto&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Otto</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Otto+III&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Otto III</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Ottonian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Ottonian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=palace&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>palace</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=papacy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>papacy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=papal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>papal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Pavia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Pavia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Pippin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Pippin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=political&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>political</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=pope&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>pope</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=prince&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>prince</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=princedoms&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>princedoms</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Provence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Provence</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=realm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>realm</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=received&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>received</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=reform&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>reform</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=region&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>region</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=reign&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>reign</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Reims&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Reims</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=religious&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>religious</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=restore&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>restore</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=revolt&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>revolt</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Rhine&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Rhine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Roman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Roman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Rome&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Rome</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=royal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>royal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Saint&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Saint</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Saxon&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Saxon</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=sons&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>sons</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=sought&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>sought</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Spoleto&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Spoleto</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=successor&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>successor</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=synod&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>synod</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=tenth+century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>tenth century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=territory&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>territory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=vassals&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>vassals</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=Vienne&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Vienne</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&q=western+Francia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>western Francia</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id=citations_module class=about_content><div id=citations_module_v><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YdkNIZnAgcIC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=YdkNIZnAgcIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YdkNIZnAgcIC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22The+Carolingians%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Unjust Seizure: Conflict, Interest, and Authority in an Early Medieval Society</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Warren+Brown%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Warren Brown</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2001</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=h-BmAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=h-BmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=h-BmAAAAMAAJ&vq=%22The+Carolingians%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium ...</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ricardus+(Canonicus+Sanctae+Trinitatis+Londoniensis.)%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Ricardus (Canonicus Sanctae Trinitatis Londoniensis.)</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Helen+J.+Nicholson%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Helen J. Nicholson</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22William+Stubbs%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>William Stubbs</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">Snippet view</span> - 1997</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><a class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=cites:ISBN0812213424&id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>All Book Search results &raquo;</span></a></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(1993)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>Pierre Riche is Professor Emeritus of Medieval History at the University of Paris X (Nanterre) and Former Director of the Center for Research in Late Antiquity and the High Middle Ages. He is the author of Daily Life in the World of Charlemagne, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press. </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22The+Middle+Ages+Series%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><i><span dir=ltr>The Middle Ages Series</span></i></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Pierre+Rich%C3%A9%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Pierre Rich茅</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>0812213424, 9780812213423</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>398 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Europe%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Europe</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Europe+France%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">France</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+France%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / France</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+Medieval%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / Medieval</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/The_Carolingians.bibtex?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/The_Carolingians.enw?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/The_Carolingians.ris?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DTcjy7bCmFL0C%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"Tcjy7bCmFL0C","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" style="font-size:83%;text-align:center;position:relative;top:20px;height:4.5em;margin-top:2em"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/about.html"><nobr><nobr>About Google Books</nobr></nobr></a> - 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