CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <title>History | World Bridge Federation </title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,400,700,600,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="World Bridge Federation Atom Feed" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/feed/atom/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-90580433-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.hu-manity.co" />  <script type="text/javascript">var huOptions = {"appID":"wwwworldbridgeorg-82934f5","currentLanguage":"en","blocking":true,"globalCookie":false,"customProviders":[],"customPatterns":[]};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.hu-manity.co/hu-banner.min.js"></script><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maps.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//meet.jit.si' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="World Bridge Federation » Feed" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='vc_extensions_admin_imageoverlay-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/vc-extensions-imageoverlay/css/admin_icon.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ieStyle-css' href='//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/css/lib/ie.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ccchildpagescss-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/cc-child-pages/includes/css/styles.css?ver=1.43' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ccchildpagesskincss-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/cc-child-pages/includes/css/skins.css?ver=1.43' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/settings.css?ver=5.3.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'> #rs-demo-id {} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm-comptable-styles-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/table-maker/css/style.css?ver=1.9.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/css/js_composer.min.css?ver=7.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-font-css' href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans+Narrow%3A400%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext%2Cgreek-ext%2Cgreek&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='menu-google-font-css' href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C300%2C600%2C700%2C800&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext%2Cgreek-ext%2Cgreek&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/bootstrap.css?ver=3.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fullwidth-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/fullwidth.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='settings-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/settings.css?ver=1.5.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='magnific-popup-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/magnific-popup.css?ver=1.5.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tmq-font-awesome-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/font-awesome.css?ver=1.5.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flexslider-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/flexslider.css?ver=1.5.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='vertikal_style-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/style.css?ver=1.4.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom_style-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/style.css?ver=1.4.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ot-dynamic-tmq_css-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/dynamic.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/css/responsive.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='evcal_google_fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%7CPoppins%3A700%2C800%2C900&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&ver=4.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='evcal_cal_default-css' href='//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/css/eventon_styles.css?ver=4.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='evo_font_icons-css' href='//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/fonts/all.css?ver=4.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eventon_dynamic_styles-css' href='//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/css/eventon_dynamic_styles.css?ver=4.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='evo_el_styles-css' href='//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-lists/assets/el_styles.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/jquery.themepunch.tools.min.js?ver=5.3.0.2" id="tp-tools-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/jquery.themepunch.revolution.min.js?ver=5.3.0.2" id="revmin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lettering.js/0.6.1/jquery.lettering.min.js?ver=0.6.1" id="lettering_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/script.js?ver=1.0.1" id="vertikal_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/respond.min.js?ver=1.0" id="respond-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/hoverIntent.js?ver=1.0" id="hoverintent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/superfish.js?ver=1.0" id="superfish-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="evo-inlinescripts-header-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(document).ready(function($){}); /* ]]> */ </script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-K2Y45KJDQ9" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["www.worldbridge.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "G-K2Y45KJDQ9"); /* ]]> */ </script>  <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/217" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/wbf-history/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='http://www.worldbridge.org/?p=217' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbridge.org%2Fthe-wbf%2Fwbf-history%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbridge.org%2Fthe-wbf%2Fwbf-history%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /><style type='text/css'>/* pcs style */ .pcs-reset{line-height: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 3px;} .pcs-main{overflow: hidden;padding: 10px !important;} .pcs-sub:first-child {margin-top: 0;} .pcs-sub{margin-top: 15px;padding-right: 10px;clear: both;display: block;} .pcs-sub,.pcs-body{overflow: hidden;} .pcs-img,.pcs-body{display: block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;} .pcs-body {width: 60%;float: left;} .pcs-img{float: left;width: 30%;margin: 0 10px 10px 0!important;border-bottom: none!important;} .pcs-title{font-size: 16px;display: block;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight:400; text-align:left;} .pcs-title a{color:orange!important;} .pcs-excerpt{font-size: 13px;text-align: justify;display: block;} .pcs-content{font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;display: block;} .pcs-meta{display: block;font-size: 12px;float: left;} .pcs-meta a{font-size: 12px !important;} .pcs-rm{font-size: 15px;display: inline-block;clear: both;text-align: left;} .pcs-img img{max-width: 100%;max-height: 100%;margin: 0 auto; border-bottom: none!important;} .pcsmeta{float: left;padding-right: 10px;display: inline-block;} .pcs-meta .glyphicon{margin-right: 3px;} .pcs-cust-field{display: block;clear: both;} /* pcs style for Widget Style as ws and Grid Widget Style as gws */ .ws .pcs-sub,.gws .pcs-sub{border-bottom: 1px solid #777;} .ws .pcs-title a,.gws .pcs-title a{color: #222;} .ws .pcs-excerpt,.gws .pcs-excerpt{color: #333;} .ws .pcs-content,.gws .pcs-content{color: #444;} .ws .pcs-meta,.ws .pcs-meta a,.gws .pcs-meta,.gws .pcs-meta a{color: #555;} .ws .pcs-rm,.gws .pcs-rm{color: #666;} .ws a:hover,.gws a:hover{color: #000 !important;} /* pcs style for Inverse Widget Style as iws and Inverse Grid Widget Style as igws */ .iws.pcs-main,.igws.pcs-main{background-color: #333;} .iws .pcs-sub,.igws .pcs-sub{border-bottom: 1px solid #777;} .iws .pcs-title a,.igws .pcs-title a{color: #eee;} .iws .pcs-excerpt,.igws .pcs-excerpt{color: #ddd;} .iws .pcs-content,.igws .pcs-content{color: #ddd;} .iws .pcs-meta,.iws .pcs-meta a,.igws .pcs-meta,.igws .pcs-meta a{color: #ccc;} .iws .pcs-rm,.igws .pcs-rm{color: #eee !important;} .iws a:hover,.igws a:hover{color: #fff !important;} /* pcs style for Grid Widget Style as gws and Inverse Grid Widget Style as igws*/ .gws .pcs-body,.igws .pcs-body,.gcore .pcs-body{width: 100%;} .gws .pcs-img,.igws .pcs-img,.gcore .pcs-img{width: 100%} /* pcs style for pagination */ .pcs-pagination{display: block;clear:both;overflow: hidden;} .pcs-pagination ul {display: inline-block;padding: 0;margin: 10px 1px;border-radius: 50%;list-style-type: none;} .pcs-pagination ul li {float: left} .pcs-pagination ul li a,.pcs-pagination ul li span{float: left;padding: 10px 15px;line-height: 1.5;color: #0275d8;text-decoration: none;background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #ddd;display: block;margin-left: -1px} .pcs-pagination ul li a:hover,.pcs-pagination ul li span.current{background-color: #0275d8;color: #fff;}</style><link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/favicon.png"><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css">.broken_link, a.broken_link { text-decoration: line-through !important; }</style><style type="text/css">.removed_link, a.removed_link { text-decoration: line-through !important; }</style><meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 5.3.0.2 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." /> <meta name="twitter:partner" content="tfwp" /><link rel="icon" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cropped-logo-WBF-120x120.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cropped-logo-WBF-250x250.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cropped-logo-WBF-250x250.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cropped-logo-WBF-450x450.png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="History" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="The World Bridge Federation was formed on 18th August 1958 in Oslo, Norway, by delegates from Europe, USA and South America. In Orlando in September 2018 the WBF celebrates its 60th anniversary. Baron Robert de Nexon, from France, an inspiring figure in bridge, was elected as first President. Charles J. Solomon, from USA (1964-1968) succeeded…" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace.jpg" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .ecatsgone{visibility:hidden} li#menu-item-8469{border-right: 10px solid #9f3555;} li#menu-item-8469 ul.drop-down li a {text-transform: uppercase; background:#9f3555; color:#fff;} #menu-item-8469 > a:hover{color:#9f3555;} .widget.widget-side.widget_text { display: none; } /* Added by Anna */ a {font-weight: bold;} ul li{list-style: disc;} #people-finder {display:none;} </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript></head> <body class="page-template page-template-page-blue page-template-page-blue-php page page-id-217 page-child parent-pageid-213 cookies-not-set w978px wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive">  <div id="background-container"> </div>   <div id="container" class="container">  <div class="top-line"> <div class="top-line-container"> <p> <span><i class="fa fa-phone"></i>+41 (0) 21 544 7218</span> <span><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/contact-us/" class="header-contact-link" data-wpel-link="internal"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i>Contact Us</a></span> </p> <ul class="social-icons search-icons"> <li class="search-header-form"> <form class="topbar_searchbox" method="get" action="http://www.worldbridge.org"> <input type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search and hit Enter!"> </form> </li> <li><a class="search_topbar" title="Search the Site" href="#"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a></li> </ul> <ul class="social-icons"> <li ><a class="custom pf-h" title="People Finder" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/people-finder/" data-wpel-link="internal"><i class="fa fa-users"></i></a></li> <li><a class="facebook" title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/WorldBridgeFederation/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a class="youtube" title="YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WBFOfficial" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li> <li><a class="custom" title="Flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbridgefed/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-flickr"></i></a></li> <li><a class="custom" title="Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/worldbridgefederation/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div>   <header class="clearfix"> <div class="header-logo"> <a class="logo no-link" title="World Bridge Federation" href="http://www.worldbridge.org" data-wpel-link="internal"><img alt="World Bridge Federation" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/LogoWBF2019-2.png"> </a> <p class="p-logo">"Bridge for Peace"</p> <a href="https://www.olympic.org/ioc" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img id="oly-com" alt="recognised by the THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE" title="recognised by the THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/olympic-committee.png"></a> </div> <a class="elemadded responsive-link" href="#">Menu</a> <div class="navbar-vertical"> <ul id="header-menu" class="main-menu"><li id="menu-item-563" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-563"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-3949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-3949"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>THE WBF</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-571" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-571"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/mission/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Mission</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-570" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-217 current_page_item menu-item-570"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/wbf-history/" aria-current="page" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>History</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-569" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-569"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/the-wbf-presidents/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The WBF Presidents</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4339"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/the-wbf-past-executive-councils/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The WBF Executive Council</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-568" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-568"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/committee-of-honour/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The WBF Committee of Honour</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-565" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-565"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/headquarters/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Headquarters</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-564" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-564"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/secretariat/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Secretariat</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1058"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>GOVERNANCE</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-583" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-583"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/president-council/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>President & Members of the Executive Council</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-581"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/management-committee/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Management Committee</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-579"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/high-level-players-commission/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>High Level Players Commission</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-573"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/disciplinary-committees/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Disciplinary Bodies</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-9822" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9822"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/medical-anti-doping-bodies/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Medical & Anti-Doping Bodies</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-577"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/committees-1/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Committees</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-576"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/committee-chairmen/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Committee Chairmen</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-575"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/special-appointments/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Special Appointments</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-574"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/wbf-tournament-directors/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Tournament Directors</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-7021" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7021"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/governance/seminars-courses/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Seminars</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1059"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>ZONAL CONFERENCES</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-4233" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4233"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone1/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>EUROPE – ZONE 1</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4232" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4232"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone2/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>NORTH AMERICA – ZONE 2</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4229" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4229"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone3/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>SOUTH AMERICA – ZONE 3</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4235" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4235"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone4/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>ASIA & MIDDLE EAST – ZONE 4</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4234" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4234"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone5/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>CENTRAL AMERICA & CARRIBEAN – ZONE 5</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4230" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4230"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone6/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>ASIA PACIFIC – ZONE 6</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4231" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4231"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone7/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>SOUTH PACIFIC – ZONE 7</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4236" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4236"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/bridge-zones/qzone8/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>AFRICA – ZONE 8</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1057"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>STATUTES & REGULATIONS</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-7002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7002"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/2017-laws-of-duplicate-bridge/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>2017 Laws of Duplicate Bridge, Commentary on the Laws & Laws Committee Minutes</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-588" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-588"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/ethics-discipline/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Discipline & Ethics</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-10470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10470"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/competitions/conditions-of-contest/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Conditions of Contest</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-586" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-586"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/anti-doping-regulations/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Anti-Doping</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-585" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-585"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/td-regulations/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Tournament Directors’ Regulations</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-7294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7294"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/rules-regulations/eligibility-regulations/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Eligibility Regulations</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-567" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-567"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/statutes/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Statutes</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-566" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-566"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/by-laws/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>By-laws</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1035" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1035"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>COMPETITIONS</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-604"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/wbf-championships/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The WBF Championships</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-972"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/the-international-events-partecipated-by-the-wbf/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The international events participated by the WBF</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1554" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1554"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/wbf-online-tournaments/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Online Tournaments</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6333"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/the-wbf-simultaneous-event/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The WBF Simultaneous Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-971"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/the-other-wbf-events/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The other WBF events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-7209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7209"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/past-championships-results/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Past Championships Results</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1045" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1045"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/ranking/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>RANKING</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-5865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5865"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.wbfmasterpoints.com//" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><span>The WBF Rankings</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-551"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/ranking/time-ranking-pp/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The All Time Ranking by PP</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-550" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-550"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/ranking/current-ranking-mp/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The Current Ranking by MP</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-5866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5866"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.wbfmasterpoints.com/onlineranking.asp" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><span>The Online Ranking</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-5771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5771"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/over-all-winners/winning-federations/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>The Winning Federations</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-561" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-561"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/over-all-winners/players/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>THE GREAT PLAYERS</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-1041"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/awards/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>AWARDS</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-558"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/awards/wbf-honour-medals/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Honour Medals</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-557"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/awards/wbf-honour-plaques/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Honour Plaques</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-556" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-556"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/awards/wbf-honour-trophy/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Honour Trophy</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-555" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-555"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/awards/joan-gerard-youth-awards/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Joan Gerard Youth Awards</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-8469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children drop menu-item-8469"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/official-documents/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF DOCUMENTS & RESOURCES</span></a> <ul class="drop-down"> <li id="menu-item-9455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9455"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/official-documents/wbf-documents/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>WBF Documents</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-8766" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8766"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/minutes-and-reports/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Minutes and Reports</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-10546" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10546"><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/biographies/" data-wpel-link="internal"><span>Biographies</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="undernav-sidebar sidebar-widgets"><div class="widget widget-side widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </header>   <div id="content" class="the-wbf-class link-border"> <div class="inner-content"> <div id="page-content">  <div id="page-banner"> <span>History</span> <p></p> <ul class="breadcrumb brcr-top"> <li><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/" data-wpel-link="internal">Home</a></li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><li><a href="http://www.worldbridge.org/the-wbf/" data-wpel-link="internal">The wbf</a></li><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><li class="active">History</li> </ul> </div>   <div class="content-sections"> <div class="blog-box no-sidebar"> <p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-7783 alignright" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/LogoWBF2019-2.png" alt="" width="121" height="127" />The World Bridge Federation was formed <strong>on 18th August 1958 in Oslo</strong>, Norway, by delegates from <strong>Europe, USA and South America. In Orlando in September 2018 the WBF celebrates its 60th anniversary.<br /> </strong><strong>Baron Robert de Nexon</strong>, from France, an inspiring figure in bridge, was elected as first President.<br /> <strong>Charles J. Solomon</strong>, from USA (1964-1968) succeeded him as President, followed by <strong>Count Carl Bonde</strong>, from Sweden (1968-1970).</p> <p>With the election of <strong>Julius Rosenblum</strong> in 1970, the WBF started to assume the mantle of a real <strong>World Organisation</strong>. Rosenblum strongly believed that bridge needed to have a visible central organisation with a global reach <img decoding="async" class="wp-image-8216 alignright" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ioc-logo.png" alt="" width="132" height="144" srcset="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ioc-logo.png 387w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ioc-logo-250x273.png 250w" sizes="(max-width: 132px) 100vw, 132px" />rather than conducting its affairs on a local or continental basis. When in 1976 Rosenblum decided to retire for health reasons, <strong>Jaime Ortiz-Patiño</strong> from Switzerland, was elected President.</p> <p>Under his guidance the WBF started its new modern era and in <strong>August 1977</strong> was incorporated under the Laws of the State of New York as a <strong>“not for profit”</strong> organization. The Federation cast off the mantle of a paternalistic organization and was re-structured as an <strong>International Federation</strong> devoted to offering its member countries, the National Bridge Organisations (NBOs) the best possible service. The stimulation given by Ortiz-Patiño to building the organizational and administrative structure, to developing the discipline and its image, to introducing new rules and a rigid code of ethics is still effective even today. When he left the WBF in 1986 he was elected President Emeritus by acclamation for his exceptional services to bridge.</p> <p><strong>Denis Howard</strong>, from Australia, succeeded him to the Presidency from 1986 to 1990.<br /> Re-elected for a second term, Howard resigned in January 1991 following a crisis within the world of bridge. <strong>Ernesto d’Orsi</strong>, from Brazil, who had distinguished himself as a leading bridge administrator succeeded him in 1991 and 1992 and successfully steered the WBF through this difficult and delicate situation. In August 1992 he left the chair to <strong>Robert S. Wolff</strong>, from the USA, one of the most successful players in the history of bridge, who successfully completed the task started by d’Orsi and until August 1994, when <strong>José Damiani</strong>, from France, was elected President.</p> <p>José Damiani completely changed the way forward, both for the WBF and Bridge itself. Under his leadership, following its initial recognition as an International Organisation in 1995 pursuant to Article 29 of the Olympic Charter, the WBF <strong>was recognised by the International Olympic Committee</strong> as an International Sports Federation in 1999. <strong>In October 2000 in Monaco</strong>, the World Bridge Federation was admitted as a <strong>member of the GAISF (General Association of Internationals Sports Federations – Olympic and non-Olympic) </strong>at the General Assembly of this Association.<strong> GAISF later became SportAccord, but has now reverted to it’s origins as GAISF.</strong></p> <p>The WBF also became a member of <strong>ARISF (Association of Recognised International Sport Federations)</strong> and in <strong>October 2002</strong> moved its headquarters to Lausanne (Switzerland), the Olympic City, where it is incorporated under Swiss Law. The WBF is one of the <strong>founder members of IMSA (International Mind Sports Association)</strong> which was formed on 19 April 2005. The WBF is recognised by <strong>FISU</strong> (International University Sport Federation), which organises the World University Bridge Championship every two years and <strong>UNESCO </strong>(United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) and is Code Signatory of <strong>WADA </strong>(World Anti-Doping Agency).</p> <p><strong>José Damiani</strong> left the chair in November 2010 after 16 years of Presidency, having achieved tremendous success in the development of bridge. He introduced new concepts of communication and information, which attracted media, sponsors and supporters; improving technological systems to manage and run the Championships and other competitions, creating new events in which players of all categories could participate, and developing youth bridge, constantly supporting and improving the teaching of bridge and creating the opportunity for school children to be taught bridge from an early age. When he left, he was elected WBF Chairman Emeritus by acclamation for his extraordinary services to bridge and subsequently, following the death of Ortiz-Patiño in 2013, elected President Emeritus.</p> <p><strong>Gianarrigo Rona</strong>, from Italy, former First Vice-President and EBL President (1999-2010) was elected WBF President in São Paulo September 2009 and took the chair in Philadelphia in November 2010. In Nusa Dua, Bali, November 2013, <strong>Rona</strong> was re-elected unopposed and again in Lyon, August 2017 for a third four-year term which will thus run until 2022.</p> <div style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter caption-simple"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="img-shadow wp-image-1194 size-full" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/FivePresidents.jpg" width="500" height="280" srcset="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/FivePresidents.jpg 500w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/FivePresidents-450x252.jpg 450w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/FivePresidents-250x140.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Veldhoven – October 2011. The five WBF Presidents, Bobby Wolff, Jaime Ortiz-Patiño, Gianarrigo Rona, Ernesto d’Orsi, José Damiani</p></div> <p>Under the Rona Presidency, the WBF Headquarters was settled in Lausanne, Switzerland, employing personnel and finalising the requirements for incorporation under Swiss Law. The structure and the legal status of the WBF were clearly defined. Since 30th January 2014 the World Bridge Federation, founded on August 18, 1958 in Oslo, is recognised as a non-profit making organisation of a strictly civil nature, incorporated under Swiss Laws and registered in the Commercial Register in accordance with art. 60 ff. of the Swiss Civil Code.</p> <p><strong>The Disciplinary Code</strong>, <strong>the Eligibility Code,</strong> <strong>the Code of Ethics, the Dress Code, the Players Committment Form, the Reviewer,</strong> substituting the <strong>Appeal Committee, the Antibetting Regulations, the WBF Sentencing Guidelines, the HLPC Express Line</strong> were adopted as well as the <strong>Tournament Directors Official Register</strong> and <strong>Rules & Regulations</strong>. Afterwards the <strong>Sport Integrity Declaration</strong> and the <strong>IOC Code of Prevention</strong> were introduced.</p> <p>The <strong>Constitution</strong> and the <strong>By-Laws</strong> were updated in conformity with the <strong>Olympic Charter</strong> and the <strong>IOC Principles</strong>, respecting the fundamental principles of democracy, transparency and separation of powers. <strong>Disciplinary Organs</strong> consisting of a <strong>Disciplinary Panel</strong>, an <strong>Antidoping Hearing Panel</strong> and the <strong>WBF Tribunal</strong> were instituted with autonomous competence and jurisdiction on juridical and disciplinary matters.</p> <p>The format of the World Bridge Games was modified with the introduction of the <strong>National Pairs Championship</strong>, following the <strong>National Teams Championship</strong>, as well as the format of the <strong>World Bridge Series with Mixed, Open, Women and Seniors</strong> events both for teams and in addition <strong>World National Teams Championship</strong> was expanded with the introduction of the <strong>National Mixed Teams</strong> and an increase in the number of the qualified teams. In the <strong>Youth Championship</strong> new categories of <strong>Girls</strong> (up to 25) and <strong>Kids</strong> (up to 15) were added to the already existing <strong>Juniors</strong> (up to 25) and <strong>Youngsters</strong> (up to 20). In Orlando in 2018 the E.C. decided to rename the youth categories in <strong>Under 26 Open, Under 26 Women, Under 21 and Under 16.</strong></p> <p>Great attention was given to the development of bridge with particular emphasis on youth and school bridge and the <strong>Youth Fund</strong> and the <strong>Development Fund</strong> were instituted to accomplish and support the objective. <strong>The World Youth Online Bridge Teams Championship</strong> was launched as well the <strong>WBF Online Robot Tournaments</strong> and periodical <strong>Zonal Seminars for Officers and Zonal Courses for Tournament Directors</strong>.</p> <p><strong>“Bridge is a Sport and, as such, its place is here like other Sports”</strong> declared the <strong>IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch</strong> on 7 September 1998 at the Opening of the 1<sup>st</sup> IOC Grand Prix for Bridge at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, on realising that he was watching a true competition.</p> <p>In August 2018 Bridge had the great privilege and honour, thanks to the efforts done by Mr. <strong>Michael Bambang Hartono</strong>, Chairman of the Indonesian Bridge Federation and M.me <strong>Esther Chodchoy Sophonpanich</strong>, APBF President. to be included and compete in the <strong>Asian Olympic Games in Jakarta, Indonesia,</strong> together with all the other Sports.</p> <p>In Orlando on 27<sup>th</sup> September 2018 the Congress approved new <strong>WBF Statutes</strong> and endorsed the new <strong>WBF By-Laws</strong>, provided by the Executive Council, not only in conformity with the Olympic Charter and the IOC Principles, but also respecting the fundamental principles of democracy, transparency and separation of the powers. These provide a Charter that will provide the foundation for the future of the Federation.</p> <p>For purposes of administration and furtherance of its objectives and to comply with the International Olympic Committee’s principles of the five IOC rings, the WBF structure is divided into <strong>five geographical Continental Conferences</strong> identical to the IOC’s five rings. For organisational reasons the WBF established zones within each of the five Continents which, although part of a Continent, shall be entitled to have at least one member on the Executive and berths at the WBF Championships. Each zone has its own Zonal Conference of its member NBOs, organising, managing and administering its activity and conducting both its own zonal competitions and those delegated to it by the WBF. The eight Zonal Conferences are:</p> <p><b class="color">Zone 1 – Europe – European Bridge League – EBL<br /> Zone 2 – North America – North American Bridge Federation – NABF<br /> Zone 3 – South America – Confederacion Sudamericana de Bridge – CSB<br /> Zone 4 – Asia and the Middle East – Bridge Federation of Asia & Middle East – BFAME<br /> Zone 5 – Central America and Caribbean – Central American & Caribbean Bridge Federation – CACBF<br /> Zone 6 – Asia Pacific – Pacific Asia Bridge Federation – PABF<br /> Zone 7 – Oceania – South Pacific Bridge Federation – SPBF<br /> Zone 8 – Africa – African Bridge Federation – ABF</b></p> <p>The WBF has shown strong and steady growth and its membership now comprises <strong>116 National Bridge Organisations (NBOs)</strong> with approximately 1.000,000 affiliated members who participate actively in competitive bridge events (locally, nationally and internationally).</p> <p>Each National Bridge Organisation agrees to fulfill certain requirements, such as opening its ranks to all its citizens and residents and upholding a standard of ethics acceptable to the WBF.</p> <p>The <strong>WBF Executive Council</strong> consists of the <strong>President</strong>, who acts as Chairman, <strong>17 Members</strong>, elected from the eight WBF Zonal Conferences, <strong>2 Members</strong> elected from the<strong> High Level Players Commission </strong>and, starting from 2020, <strong>3 Members</strong> elected from the Congress. <strong>The President/s Emeritus</strong> and the <strong>General Counsel</strong> are non-voting members of the Executive Council.</p> <p><strong>“Bridge for Peace”</strong> is the official motto of the World Bridge Federation which is partner of <strong>“Peace and Sport”</strong>, <strong>l’Organisation pour la Paix par le Sport’</strong><strong>.</strong></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-8220 aligncenter" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-450x450.jpg" alt="" width="380" height="380" srcset="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-450x450.jpg 450w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-700x700.jpg 700w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-150x150.jpg 150w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-250x250.jpg 250w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-120x120.jpg 120w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace-512x512.jpg 512w, http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/b4peace.jpg 1418w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px" /><strong><em> “To defeat hatred we play the Card of Peace”</em></strong></p> </div> </div> </div>   <footer> <div class="up-footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-line"> <p style="text-align:center;">©2024, World Bridge Federation - Maison du Sport International, 54 av. de Rhodanie, 1007 Lausanne – Switzerland<br><br> <a style="color:#fff;" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/cookies-policy/" data-wpel-link="internal">Cookie Policy</a> | <a style="color:#fff;" href="http://www.worldbridge.org/wbf-privacy-policy/" data-wpel-link="internal">Privacy Policy</a><br> </p>  <ul class="social-icons"> <li><a class="facebook" title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/WorldBridgeFederation/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a class="youtube" title="YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WBFOfficial" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li> <li><a class="custom" title="Flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbridgefed/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-flickr"></i></a></li> <li><a class="custom" title="Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/worldbridgefederation/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> </ul> <a class="go-top" href="#"></a> </div> <div id="service-footer"> <div id="logos-under-footer" class="only-mobile"> <p>Member of</p> <a href="http://www.arisf.org/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/css-img/arisf-logo-f.jpg" /></a> <a href="https://gaisf.org/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/gaisf-logo-f.jpg" /></a> <a href="http://www.imsaworld.com/wp/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/css-img/imsa-logo-f.jpg" /></a> <hr/> <p>Recognised by</p> <a href="http://www.fisu.net/en/FISU-Bridge-3560.html" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/css-img/fisu-logo-f.jpg" /></a> <a href="http://en.unesco.org/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/css-img/unesco-logo-f.png" /></a> <a href="https://www.wada-ama.org/" target="_blank" data-wpel-link="external" rel="external noopener noreferrer"><img src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal-child/css-img/wada-logo-f.jpg"/></a> </div> </div> </footer>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="tmq_loading_container"><div class="tmq_loading"><div class="wBall" id="wBall_1"><div class="wInnerBall"></div></div><div class="wBall" id="wBall_2"><div class="wInnerBall"></div></div><div class="wBall" id="wBall_3"><div class="wInnerBall"></div></div><div class="wBall" id="wBall_4"><div class="wInnerBall"></div></div><div class="wBall" id="wBall_5"><div class="wInnerBall"></div></div></div></div> <script type="text/javascript" alt='evo_map_styles'> /*<![CDATA[*/ var gmapstyles = 'default'; /* ]]> */ </script> <div class='evo_elms'><em class='evo_tooltip_box'></em></div><div id='evo_global_data' data-d='{"calendars":[]}'></div><div id='evo_lightboxes' class='evo_lightboxes' style='display:none'> <div class='evo_lightbox eventcard eventon_events_list' id='' > <div class="evo_content_in"> <div class="evo_content_inin"> <div class="evo_lightbox_content"> <div class='evo_lb_closer'> <span class='evolbclose '>X</span> </div> <div class='evo_lightbox_body eventon_list_event evo_pop_body evcal_eventcard'> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/jquery.migrate.js?ver=1.0" id="migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="bootstrap-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tmq_script_vars = {"plugins_scroll":"on"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/bootstrap.js?ver=3.0.0" id="bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/retina-1.1.0.min.js?ver=1.1.0" id="retina-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/jquery.flexslider.js?ver=0.1" id="flexslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js?ver=0.1" id="magnific-popup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/lib/vendor/node_modules/isotope-layout/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=7.9" id="isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/themes/vertikal/js/plugins-scroll.js?ver=0.1" id="plugins-scroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?ver=1.0" id="evcal_gmaps-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/maps/eventon_gen_maps.js?ver=4.7.3" id="eventon_gmaps-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/eventon_functions.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evcal_functions-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/jquery.easing.1.3.js?ver=1.0" id="evcal_easing-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/handlebars.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_handlebars-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://meet.jit.si/external_api.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_jitsi-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/jquery.mobile.min.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_mobile-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/moment.min.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_moment-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/moment_timezone_min.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_moment_tz-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/lib/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evo_mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="evcal_ajax_handle-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var the_ajax_script = {"ajaxurl":"http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","rurl":"http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-json\/","postnonce":"c73c325d57","ajax_method":"ajax","evo_v":"4.7.3"}; var evo_general_params = {"ajaxurl":"http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","evo_ajax_url":"\/?evo-ajax=%%endpoint%%","ajax_method":"endpoint","rest_url":"http:\/\/www.worldbridge.org\/wp-json\/eventon\/v1\/data?evo-ajax=%%endpoint%%","n":"c73c325d57","nonce":"97071768f9","evo_v":"4.7.3","text":[],"html":{"preload_general":"<div class='evo_loading_bar_holder h100 loading_e swipe' style=''><div class='nesthold c g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_70px' style='width:50%; height:70px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_40px' style='width:100%; height:40px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_40px' style='width:100%; height:40px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_40px' style='width:100%; height:40px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_40px' style='width:100%; height:40px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div>","preload_events":"<div class='evo_loading_bar_holder h100 loading_e swipe' style=''><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100px hi_95px' style='width:100px; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100px hi_95px' style='width:100px; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100px hi_95px' style='width:100px; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100px hi_95px' style='width:100px; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100px hi_95px' style='width:100px; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","preload_event_tiles":"<div class='evo_loading_bar_holder h100 loading_e_tile swipe' style=''><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest1 e'><div class='nesthold g'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_55px' style='width:50%; height:55px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_90% hi_30px' style='width:90%; height:30px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","preload_taxlb":"<div class='evo_loading_bar_holder h100 loading_taxlb swipe' style=''><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_50% hi_95px' style='width:50%; height:95px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_30% hi_30px' style='width:30%; height:30px; margin-bottom:30px;'><\/div><div class='nesthold r g10'><div class='nest nest2 e1'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_150px' style='width:100%; height:150px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_150px' style='width:100%; height:150px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_95px' style='width:100%; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><div class='nest nest2 e2'><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_95px' style='width:100%; height:95px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_95px' style='width:100%; height:95px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_95px' style='width:100%; height:95px; '><\/div><div class='evo_loading_bar wid_100% hi_95px' style='width:100%; height:95px; '><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","preload_gmap":"\n\t\t<span class='evo_map_load_out evoposr evodb evobr15'>\n\t\t<i class='fa fa-map-marker evoposa'><\/i><span class='evo_map_load evoposr evodb'>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='a'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='b'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='c'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='d'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='e'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<i class='f'><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>"},"cal":{"lbs":"def"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.worldbridge.org/wp-content/plugins/eventON/assets/js/eventon_script.js?ver=4.7.3" id="evcal_ajax_handle-js"></script> <script></script></body> </html>