ESO Glossary of Acronyms

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Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States </a><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts </a><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites </a><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions </a><ul id="submenu-aim-54" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-65" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories </a><ul id="submenu-aim-67" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a 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href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week </a><ul id="submenu-aim-92" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-108" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (1.9 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (32.9 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-114" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories </a><ul id="submenu-aim-116" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-141" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases </a><ul id="submenu-aim-142" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-143" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-145" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-156" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-167" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-178" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a 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class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments </a><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names </a><ul id="submenu-aim-275" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a><ul id="submenu-aim-281" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA </a><ul id="submenu-aim-282" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST </a><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory </a><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-296" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-319" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-330" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-340" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-345" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-349" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-355" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-358" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope </a><ul id="submenu-aim-361" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX </a><ul id="submenu-aim-373" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA </a><ul id="submenu-aim-388" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes </a><ul id="submenu-aim-395" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-402" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-409" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events </a><ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/asteroid-day/"> Asteroid Day </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/MeetESO/"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-423" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years </a><ul id="submenu-aim-434" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars </a><ul id="submenu-aim-440" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> 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of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe </a><ul id="submenu-aim-450" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 </a><ul id="submenu-aim-461" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events </a><ul id="submenu-aim-472" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach</a> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-485" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education </a><ul id="submenu-aim-486" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes </a><ul id="submenu-aim-494" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships </a><ul id="submenu-aim-507" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a 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<div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close">×</button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>ESO Glossary of Acronyms</h1> The present list contains the most common acronyms used by ESO, but does not pretend to be complete. <hr/> <table class="cq-rte-forcedborder" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>4LGSF</td> <td>Four-Laser Guide Star Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4MOST</td> <td>4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (Proposed new spectroscopic instrument for VISTA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4T</td> <td>Four Telescope (VLTI mode)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>A&A</td> <td>Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>A&ARv</td> <td>Journal, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACD</td> <td>Amplitude Calibration Device (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACe</td> <td>Astaldi Cimolai EIE (Consortium)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ADA</td> <td>ALMA Department of Administration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ADO</td> <td>ALMA Director’s Office</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ADS</td> <td>International Italian optics company working on the DSM for the VLT</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AEM</td> <td>ALMA construction consortium</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AFNOR</td> <td>Association Française de Normalisation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AFTA</td> <td>Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AG</td> <td>Aktiengesellschaft</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AGN</td> <td>Active Galactic Nucleus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AIDA</td> <td>Astronomical Infrastructure for Data Access</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AIP</td> <td>Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AIT</td> <td>Assembly, Integration and Test</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AIV</td> <td>Assembly, Integration and Verification</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AJ</td> <td>The Astronomical Journal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ALMA</td> <td>Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AMBER</td> <td>Astronomical Multi-BEam combineR (VLTI Instrument)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AN</td> <td>Journal, Astronomische Nachrichten</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Antu</td> <td>VLT Unit Telescope 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AO</td> <td>Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AOF</td> <td>Adaptive Optics Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AOS</td> <td>Array Operations Site (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>APE</td> <td>Active Phasing Experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>APEX</td> <td>Atacama Pathfinder Experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ApJ</td> <td>Astrophysical Journal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ApJS</td> <td>Journal, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AQUARIUS</td> <td>Mid-infrared detector array (VISIR)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ARAL</td> <td>Alignment facility for the VLTI</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ARC</td> <td>ALMA Regional Centre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ArTeMiS</td> <td>Bolometric camera for APEX</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASAC</td> <td>ALMA Science Advisory Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASIAA</td> <td>East Asia FEIC (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASIC</td> <td>Application Specific Integrated Circuit</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASSIST</td> <td>Adaptive Secondary Setup and Instrument Simulator (AOF test bench)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AstraLux</td> <td>Lucky Imaging camera for the Calar Alto 2.2-metre telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AT</td> <td>Auxiliary Telescope for the VLTI</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ATC</td> <td>Astronomy Technology Centre (United Kingdom)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ATILO</td> <td>Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organisation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AU</td> <td>Astronomical Unit</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AUI</td> <td>Associated Universities Inc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AVM</td> <td>Astronomical Visualisation Metadata</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BAM</td> <td>Construction company for the Headquarters extension</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BE</td> <td>Back-End (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BELLA</td> <td>Building Europe Link to Latin America</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BFL</td> <td>Budget and Forward Look</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BlackGEM</td> <td>(La Silla) Telescope array searching for optical counterparts of gravitational wave sources</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BLIP</td> <td>Background photon noise limited</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2PAP</td> <td>Computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics, Universe Cluster, Garching</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CAD</td> <td>Computer Aided Design</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CADC</td> <td>Canadian Astronomy Data Centre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CAPj</td> <td>Communicating Astronomy with the Public Journal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CARLA</td> <td>Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (Spitzer)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CASA</td> <td>Common Astronomy Software Applications (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CCD</td> <td>Charge Coupled Device</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CCTV</td> <td>Closed Circuit TeleVision</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CDR</td> <td>Critical Design Review</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CDS</td> <td>Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (Strasbourg astronomical Data Center)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CEA</td> <td>Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, France</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CELAC_EU</td> <td>Summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States–European Union</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CERN</td> <td>European Organization for Nuclear Research</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CES</td> <td>Coude Echelle Spectrometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CfP</td> <td>Call for Proposal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CfT</td> <td>Call for tender</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CHAMP+</td> <td>Dual channel heterodyne receiver array (APEX)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CHF</td> <td>Swiss francs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CLIF</td> <td>Convolution with Linearized Inverse Filter algorithm for wavefront sensing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CLP</td> <td>Chilean Peso</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CMB</td> <td>Cosmic Microwave Background</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CMOS</td> <td>Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CMS</td> <td>Cisco Meeting Server</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CNAM</td> <td>Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CNRS</td> <td>Centre national de la recherche scientifique</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CO</td> <td>Carbon monoxide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CO</td> <td>Carried Over budget</td> </tr> <tr> <td>COFUND</td> <td>EU fellowship funding programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CONDOR</td> <td>1.5 THz heterodyne receiver (APEX)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CONICA</td> <td>COudé Near-Infrared CAmera (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CORALIE</td> <td>Echelle Spectrograph on the 1.2-metre Leonard Euler Swiss telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CoRoT</td> <td>COnvection ROtation and planetary Transits (French Satellite)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>COSMOS</td> <td>HST survey programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cou-</td> <td>Council Document</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CP</td> <td>Calibration Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CPI</td> <td>Consumer Price Index</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CRIRES</td> <td>Cryogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrometer (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CRIRES+</td> <td>Planned upgrade to CRIRES</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CSV</td> <td>Commissioning and Science Verification</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CTA</td> <td>Cherenkov Telescope Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CTA-S</td> <td>Cherenkov Telescope Array South</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CTAO</td> <td>Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CUBES</td> <td>Cassegrain U-band Brazilian ESO Spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CuRe</td> <td>Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CuReD</td> <td>Fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms for XAO with pyramid WFS with pre-processing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DC</td> <td>Direct Current</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DDS</td> <td>Data DistributIOn middleware for SPARTA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DDT</td> <td>Director’s Discretionary Time</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DFG</td> <td>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DFS</td> <td>(VLT) Data Flow System</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DG</td> <td>Director General</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DIG</td> <td>Deep Imaging Group (Vitacura)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DL</td> <td>Delay Line (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DMO</td> <td>Data Management and Operations Division</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DMS</td> <td>Dome and Main Structure</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DoA</td> <td>Directorate of Administration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DoE</td> <td>Directorate of Engineering</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DoO</td> <td>Directorate of Operations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DoP</td> <td>Directorate of Programmes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DRS</td> <td>DRS, formerly Boeing, detector manufacturer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DSC</td> <td>Directorate for Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DSM</td> <td>Deformable Secondary Mirror</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DSO</td> <td>Department of Science Operations (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>eAPD</td> <td>electron Avalanche Photodiode Detector</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EASC</td> <td>European ALMA Support Centre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EC</td> <td>European Commission</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ECRI</td> <td>European Conference on Research Infrastructures</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EFOSC2</td> <td>ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (v.2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EIB</td> <td>European Investment Bank</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EIROforum</td> <td>Organisation consisting of the seven largest scientific European international organisations devoted to fostering mutual activities</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ELT</td> <td>Extremely Large Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EM&P</td> <td>Journal, Earth, Moon, and Planets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EMAC</td> <td>ELT Management Advisory Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EMBL</td> <td>European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Germany)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EMMI</td> <td>ESO Multi-Mode Instrument (NTT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ePOD</td> <td>education and Public Outreach Department</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERC</td> <td>European Research Council</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERIS</td> <td>Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERP</td> <td>Enterprise Resource Planning (Administration software)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESA</td> <td>European Space Agency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESAC</td> <td>European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA, Spain)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESAC</td> <td>European Science Advisory Committee (for ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESC</td> <td>ELT Subcommittee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESE</td> <td>ELT Science and Engineering</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESM</td> <td>European School Munich</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESO</td> <td>European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESOF</td> <td>Euroscience Open Forum</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESON</td> <td>ESO Science Outreach Network</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESPRESSO</td> <td>Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet- and Stable Spectroscopic Observations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESRC</td> <td>ELT Standing Review Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ETF</td> <td>ELT Technical Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ETH</td> <td>Swiss Federal Institute of Technology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EU</td> <td>European Union</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EUR</td> <td>Euro</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EVALSO</td> <td>Enabling Virtual Access to Latin-american Southern Observatories</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EWASS</td> <td>European Week of Astronomy and Space Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ExA</td> <td>Journal, Experimental Astronomy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ExTrA</td> <td>(La Silla) Exoplanets in Transit and their Atmospheres</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FC</td> <td>Finance Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FDR</td> <td>Final Design Review</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FE</td> <td>Front End</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FE IPT</td> <td>Front-End Integrated Project Team (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FEA</td> <td>Finite Element Analysis</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FEED</td> <td>Front-End Engineering Design (ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FEIC</td> <td>Front End Integration Centre (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FEROS</td> <td>Fibre-fed, Extended Range, Échelle Spectrograph (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FIAT</td> <td>Facility (for) Infrared Arrays Testing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FITS</td> <td>Flexible Image Transport System</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FLAMES</td> <td>Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FORS1</td> <td>FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FORS2</td> <td>FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (VLT)-2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FOS</td> <td>Faint Object Spectrograph (HST)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FP</td> <td>Fabry-Perot</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FP6</td> <td>Sixth EC Framework Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FP7</td> <td>Seventh EC Framework Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FPGA</td> <td>Field Programmable Gate Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FTE</td> <td>Full Time Equivalent</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FWHM</td> <td>Full Width at Half Maximum</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GALACSI</td> <td>Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Optics for Spectroscopic Imaging (AOF)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GB</td> <td>Gigabyte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GBP</td> <td>British Pounds</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GÉANT</td> <td>European multi-gigabit computer network for research and education purposes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gGmbH</td> <td>Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (non-profit German limited liability company)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GHz</td> <td>Gigahertz</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GIRAFFE</td> <td>Fibre-fed multi-object spectrograph and part of the VLT FLAMES facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GLAO</td> <td>Ground Layer Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gNLT</td> <td>Garching Night Log Tool</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GRAAL</td> <td>GRound-layer Adaptive optics Assisted by Lasers (AOF)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GRAVITY</td> <td>AO assisted, two-object, multiple-beam-combiner (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GROND</td> <td>Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GTC</td> <td>Gran Telescopio Canarias</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GTO</td> <td>Guaranteed Time for Observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GUI</td> <td>Graphical User Interface</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GWh</td> <td>Gigawatt hours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H-LTAO</td> <td>HARMONI Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H2020</td> <td>(EU) Horizon 2020 Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HARMONI</td> <td>Proposed first light integral field spectrograph for the ELT</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HARPS</td> <td>High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Searcher (3.6-metre)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HAWK-I</td> <td>High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HCI</td> <td>Human Computer Interface</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HIA</td> <td>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (Canada)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HIRES</td> <td>(ELT) HIgh REsolution Spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HODM</td> <td>High Order Deformable Mirror</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HQ</td> <td>Headquarters</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HR</td> <td>Human Resources</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HST</td> <td>Hubble Space Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HVAC</td> <td>Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IAG</td> <td>Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (Brazil)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IAS</td> <td>International Accounting Standards</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IAU</td> <td>International Astronomical Union</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Icar</td> <td>Icarus, Planetary science journal, Planetary science journal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IFS</td> <td>Integral Field Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IFU</td> <td>Integral Field Unit</td> </tr> <tr> <td>INAF</td> <td>Italian National Institute for Astrophysics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>INRIA</td> <td>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPAG</td> <td>Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPC</td> <td>(Chilean) Índice de Precios al Consumidor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPP</td> <td>Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (Germany)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPSAS</td> <td>International Public Sector Accounting Standards</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPT</td> <td>Integrated Product Team (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IR</td> <td>Infrared</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRAM</td> <td>Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRDIS</td> <td>InfraRed Dual-beam Imager and Spectrograph (SPHERE, ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRIS</td> <td>VLTI Infrared Image Sensor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRLOS</td> <td>InfraRed Low Order Sensor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRO</td> <td>International Relations Office</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ISAAC</td> <td>Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ISERD</td> <td>Israeli inter-ministerial agency for R&D cooperation with Europe</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ISM</td> <td>International Staff Member</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IT</td> <td>Information Technology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ITAR</td> <td>International Traffic in Arms Regulations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ITER</td> <td>International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IVOA</td> <td>International Virtual Observatory Alliance</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IVSLA</td> <td>Istituto Veneto di Scienze ed Arti</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IYA2009</td> <td>International Year of Astronomy 2009</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JAO</td> <td>Joint ALMA Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JENAM</td> <td>Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JPL</td> <td>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JWST</td> <td>James Webb Space Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>k</td> <td>kilo/1,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KIDS</td> <td>(VST) Kilo-Degree Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KMOS</td> <td>K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KTS</td> <td>Klaus Tschira Stiftung</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kueyan</td> <td>VLT Unit Telescope 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LABOCA</td> <td>Large APEX Bolometer CAmera</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LAOG</td> <td>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LCS</td> <td>Local Control System</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LFC</td> <td>Laser Frequency Comb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LGS</td> <td>Laser Guide Star</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LGSF</td> <td>Laser Guide Star Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LMC</td> <td>Large Magellanic Cloud</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LMU</td> <td>Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LN2</td> <td>Liquid nitrogen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LOFAR</td> <td>Low Frequency Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LOPS</td> <td>Local Optical Phasing Sensor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LP</td> <td>Large Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LPG</td> <td>Liquefied Petroleum Gas</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LPO</td> <td>La Silla Paranal Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LSM</td> <td>Local Staff Members</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LSP</td> <td>La Silla Paranal Subcommittee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LTAO</td> <td>Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LVSM</td> <td>Large Visible Sensor Module</td> </tr> <tr> <td>M</td> <td>million/1,000,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>M#</td> <td>Mirror #</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MACAO</td> <td>Multiple Application Curvature Adaptive Optic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MACCON</td> <td>Motion controller manufacturer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAD</td> <td>Multi-conjugate Adaptive optics Demonstrator</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAORY</td> <td>(ELT) Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mas</td> <td>milliarcseconds</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MASCOT</td> <td>Mini All-Sky Cloud Observation Tool (Paranal)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MATISSE</td> <td>Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MCAO</td> <td>Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Melipal</td> <td>VLT Unit Telescope 3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MELT</td> <td>Minuscule ELT</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MENLO systems</td> <td>Optical equipment manufacturer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MERAC</td> <td>Mobilising European Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MERIL</td> <td>Mapping the European Research Infrastructure Landscape</td> </tr> <tr> <td>METIS</td> <td>Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MICADO</td> <td>Adaptive optics imaging camera (ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MIDI</td> <td>Mid-infrared Interferometric Instrument (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MIM</td> <td>Museo Interactivo Mirador, Santiago</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MIT</td> <td>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mmVLBI</td> <td>Millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mn</td> <td>Mirror #n</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MNRAS</td> <td>Journal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MOAO</td> <td>Multiple-Object Adaptive Optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MOONS</td> <td>Multi Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph (VLT third generation)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MOS</td> <td>(ELT) Multi-Object Spectroscopy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MOSAIC</td> <td>(ELT) Multi-Object Spectrograph (Mosaicked Optical Self-scanned Array Imaging Camera)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MOSFIRE</td> <td>Near-infrared multi-object spectrograph (Keck)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MPA</td> <td>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MPE</td> <td>Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MPG</td> <td>Max-Planck-Gesellschaft</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MPIA</td> <td>Max Planck Institute for Astronomy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MPIfR</td> <td>Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (Germany)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MS</td> <td>Member State(s)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MTM</td> <td>MT Mechatronics (European company of high technology, engineering and maintenance services)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MUSE</td> <td>Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NACO</td> <td>NAOS-CONICA (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NAOJ</td> <td>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NAOMI</td> <td>Adaptive optics system for the ATs (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NAOS</td> <td>Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NASA</td> <td>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NAV</td> <td>Navision</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NDF</td> <td>Non-Deliverable Forward Agreement</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NEAR</td> <td>New Earths in the Alpha Cen Region experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NEO</td> <td>Near-Earth Object</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NewA</td> <td>Journal, New Astronomy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NewAR</td> <td>Journal, New Astronomy Reviews</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NFM</td> <td>Narrow Field Mode</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NGC</td> <td>New General Catalogue</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NGC</td> <td>New General detector Controller</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NGSD</td> <td>Proposed large natural/laser guide star WFS detector (ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NGTS</td> <td>Next Generation Transit Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NINS</td> <td>National Institutes of Natural Sciences</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NIRPS</td> <td>(NNT) Near Infra Red Planet Searcher</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NOVA</td> <td>The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NRAO</td> <td>National Radio Astronomy Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NSF</td> <td>National Science Foundation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NTT</td> <td>New Technology Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NUVA</td> <td>Network for UltraViolet Astrophysics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OAA</td> <td>Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OBAMA</td> <td>Optical Bidule for Aberration Measurement on the ATs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OCA-NICE</td> <td>Cote d’Azur Observatory (Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ODG</td> <td>Office of the Director General</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OECD</td> <td>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OmegaCAM</td> <td>Optical Camera for the VST</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OPC</td> <td>Observing Programmes Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OPO</td> <td>Observing Programmes Office</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OPTICON</td> <td>Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OSF</td> <td>ALMA Operations Support Facilities</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OSO</td> <td>Onsala Space Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OT</td> <td>Observing Tool</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OTS</td> <td>Operations Technical Support</td> </tr> <tr> <td>P&SS</td> <td>Journal, Planetary and Space Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>P2PP</td> <td>Peer to Peer Protocol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>P86</td> <td>Observing Period 86</td> </tr> <tr> <td>P87</td> <td>Observing Period 87</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PA</td> <td>Product Assurance</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PAC</td> <td>Provisional Acceptance Chile</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PACMAN</td> <td>Fringe tracker for PRIMA (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PAE</td> <td>Provisional Acceptance Europe</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PARLA</td> <td>PAranal Raman Laser, replacement for PARSEC (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PARSEC</td> <td>Sodium line laser for VLT AO</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PASJ</td> <td>Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PASP</td> <td>Journal, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PB</td> <td>Petabyte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PC</td> <td>Personal Computer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PDF</td> <td>Portable Document Format</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PDM</td> <td>Product Document Management</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PDR</td> <td>Preliminary Design Review</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PESSTO</td> <td>Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PFS</td> <td>(ELT) Pre-Focal Station</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PFS-A</td> <td>(ELT) Pre-Focal Station for Nasmyth A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PhD</td> <td>Doctor of Philosophy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PI</td> <td>Principal Investigator</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PIO</td> <td>Public Information Officer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PIONIER</td> <td>VLTI visitor instrument</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PIP</td> <td>Paranal Instrumentation Programme</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PLC</td> <td>Programmable Logic Controllers (ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PMD</td> <td>Project Management Department</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PMPD</td> <td>Performance Management and Professional Development</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PRIMA</td> <td>Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry facility (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PSF</td> <td>Point Spread Function</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PTP</td> <td>Precision Time Protocol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Q</td> <td>Quarter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>QA</td> <td>Quality Assurance</td> </tr> <tr> <td>QSO</td> <td>Quasi Stellar Object, quasar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>QUEST</td> <td>QUasar Equatorial Survey Team</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R&D</td> <td>Research and Development</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RAB</td> <td>Reflector Assembly Building</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RAL</td> <td>Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot (UK)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RCL</td> <td>Radioastronomy Chajnantor Limitada</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RedCLARA</td> <td>Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation (Academic data network in Latin America)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>REM</td> <td>Rapid Eye Mount Telescope (La Silla)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>REUNA</td> <td>Red Universitaria Nacional (Academic data network in Chile)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RM</td> <td>Rossiter-McClaughlin (effect)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RMN</td> <td>Reflective Memory Network (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>rms</td> <td>Root Mean Square</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RTC</td> <td>Real Time Computing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SABOCA</td> <td>Shortwave Apex BOlometer Camera</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SAC</td> <td>EURO-VO Science Advisory Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SAF</td> <td>Science Archive Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SAFRAN-REOSC</td> <td>High performance optics company</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SAPHIRA</td> <td>Detector for the GRAVITY wavefront sensor</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SAXO</td> <td>SPHERE’S AO system (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SCAO</td> <td>Single-conjugate adaptive optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SCO</td> <td>Santiago Central Office (ALMA/ESO Vitacura)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SDD</td> <td>Software Development Division</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SDSS</td> <td>Sloan Digital Sky Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SE</td> <td>System Engineering (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SEK</td> <td>Swedish Crown</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SEO</td> <td>Search Engine Operations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SEPA</td> <td>Single Euro Payments Area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SEPIA</td> <td>Swedish ESO PI receiver for APEX</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SHFI</td> <td>Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SiC</td> <td>(ELT) SiliconCarbide-mirrorsubstrate</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SINFONI</td> <td>Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SKA</td> <td>Square Kilometer Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SM</td> <td>Service Mode (observing)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SM4</td> <td>Servicing Mission 4 (HST)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SOFI</td> <td>SOn oF Isaac (NTT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SOPHIE</td> <td>Spectrographe pour l’Observation des Phénomènes des Intérieurs stellaires et des Exoplanètes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SOXS</td> <td>(NTT) Son Of X-Shooter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPARTA</td> <td>Real-time computer for the AOF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPC</td> <td>Scientific Personnel Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPECULOOS</td> <td>(Paranal) Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPHERE</td> <td>Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research instrument (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPIFFI</td> <td>SPectrometer for Infrared Faint Field Imaging</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPT</td> <td>South Pole Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSDF</td> <td>Science Support Discretionary Fund</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSED</td> <td>Software System Engineering Department</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSWG</td> <td>Science Strategy Working Group</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ST-ECF</td> <td>Space Telescope European Coordination Facility</td> </tr> <tr> <td>STC</td> <td>Scientific Technical Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>STFC</td> <td>Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>STRAP</td> <td>Tip-tilt sensors (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>STScI</td> <td>Space Telescope Science Institute (USA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sub-mm</td> <td>submillimetre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SUSI2</td> <td>Superb Seeing Imager 2 (NTT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SW</td> <td>Software</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TAROT</td> <td>Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TAROT-S</td> <td>Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires South</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TB</td> <td>Terabyte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TBT</td> <td>Test-Bed Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TEC</td> <td>Technology Division</td> </tr> <tr> <td>telbib</td> <td>ESO library telescope bibliography database</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TFB</td> <td>Tunable Filter Bank (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TIMMI</td> <td>TIMMI far-infrared camera (ESO 3.6-metre telescope)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ToO</td> <td>Target of Opportunity</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TRAPPIST</td> <td>TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TRR</td> <td>Test Readiness Review</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TUM</td> <td>Technische Universität München</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UC</td> <td>Users Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UK</td> <td>United Kingdom</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UK ATC</td> <td>UK Astronomy Technology Centre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ultracam</td> <td>High-speed camera (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UltraVISTA</td> <td>Ultra-deep near-infrared survey in the COSMOS field</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UN</td> <td>United Nations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UNCOPUOS</td> <td>United Nations Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UNESCO</td> <td>United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization</td> </tr> <tr> <td>US</td> <td>United States (of America)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USD</td> <td>User Support Department</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USD</td> <td>United States Dollar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USM</td> <td>University Observatory Munich</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UT</td> <td>Unit Telescope of the VLT</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UT1–4</td> <td>VLT Unit Telescopes 1–4: Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UV</td> <td>UltraViolet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UVES</td> <td>UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VAT</td> <td>Value Added Tax</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VERTEX</td> <td>(APEX) VERTEX Antennentechnik GmbH, Duisburg (Germany)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VHS</td> <td>VISTA Hemisphere Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIDEO</td> <td>VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIKING</td> <td>VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIMOS</td> <td>VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VINCI</td> <td>VLT INterferometer Commissioning Instrument (VLTI)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIP</td> <td>Very Important Person</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIPERS</td> <td>VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VIRCAM</td> <td>VISTA Infrared Camera</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISA</td> <td>VLTI Sub-Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISIR</td> <td>VLT Mid-Infrared Imager Spectrometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISTA</td> <td>Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VLT</td> <td>Very Large Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VLT/I</td> <td>Very Large Telescope and its Interferometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VLTI</td> <td>Very Large Telescope Interferometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VLTI-PR#</td> <td>VLTI projects</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VM</td> <td>Visitor Mode (observing)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VMC</td> <td>VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VO</td> <td>Virtual Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VOP</td> <td>Virtual Observatory Project Office</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VPHAS+</td> <td>VST Photometric Hα Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VSS</td> <td>Variability Sky Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VST</td> <td>VLT Survey Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VVDS</td> <td>VIMOS VLT Deep Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VVV</td> <td>ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WASP</td> <td>Wide Angle Search for Planets survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WFCAM</td> <td>Infrared wide field camera for the UK Infrared Telescope on Mauna Kea</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WFI</td> <td>Wide Field Imager (MPG/ESO 2.2-metre)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WiFi</td> <td>Wireless Fidelity</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WVR</td> <td>Water Vapour Radiometer (ALMA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>X-shooter</td> <td>Wideband ultraviolet-infrared single target spectrograph (VLT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XAO</td> <td>Extreme adaptive optics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XMM-Newton</td> <td>X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite (ESA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yepun</td> <td>VLT Unit Telescope 4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Z-Spec</td> <td>Millimetre-wave spectrograph (APEX visitor instrument)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>zCOSMOS</td> <td>Large Programme to measure 30 000 galaxies in the HST Cosmic Origins field</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ZIMPOL</td> <td>Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (SPHERE, ELT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ΛCDM</td> <td>Lambda Cold Dark Matter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>μm</td> <td>Micrometre</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202015415/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210202015415/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210202015415cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" 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