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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uygulama_katmanı_iletişim_kuralları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uygulama_katmanı_iletişim_kuralları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uygulama katmanı iletişim kuralları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uygulama_katmanı_iletişim_kuralları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uygulama katmanı</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 45 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="طبقة التطبيق - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقة التطبيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_OSI_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Приложен слой на OSI модела - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Приложен слой на OSI модела" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_d%27aplicaci%C3%B3" title="Capa d'aplicació - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capa d'aplicació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplika%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_vrstva" title="Aplikační vrstva - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aplikační vrstva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programlaget" title="Programlaget - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Programlaget" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Layer" title="Application Layer - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Application Layer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF_%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Επίπεδο εφαρμογής - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επίπεδο εφαρμογής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Application layer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_de_aplicaci%C3%B3n" title="Capa de aplicación - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capa de aplicación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakenduskiht" title="Rakenduskiht - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakenduskiht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikazio_geruza" title="Aplikazio geruza - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aplikazio geruza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="لایه کاربرد - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لایه کاربرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couche_application" title="Couche application - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couche application" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0" title="એપ્લિકેશન સ્તર - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="એપ્લિકેશન સ્તર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%94-OSI" title="שכבת היישום של מודל ה-OSI - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שכבת היישום של מודל ה-OSI" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalmaz%C3%A1si_r%C3%A9teg" title="Alkalmazási réteg - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkalmazási réteg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapisan_aplikasi" title="Lapisan aplikasi - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lapisan aplikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_di_applicazione" title="Livello di applicazione - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello di applicazione" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E5%B1%A4" title="アプリケーション層 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アプリケーション層" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Қолданбалы деңгей - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қолданбалы деңгей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%9A%A9_%EA%B3%84%EC%B8%B5" title="응용 계층 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="응용 계층" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_de_applicazion" title="Nivell de applicazion - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nivell de applicazion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietojumsl%C4%81nis" title="Lietojumslānis - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lietojumslānis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Применето ниво - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Применето ниво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ ലെയർ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ ലെയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Application layer" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapisan_aplikasi" title="Lapisan aplikasi - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lapisan aplikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepassingslaag" title="Toepassingslaag - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toepassingslaag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applikasjonslaget" title="Applikasjonslaget - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Applikasjonslaget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applikasjonslaget" title="Applikasjonslaget - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Applikasjonslaget" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camada_de_aplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Camada de aplicação - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Camada de aplicação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Протоколы прикладного уровня - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протоколы прикладного уровня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloj_aplikacije" title="Sloj aplikacije - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sloj aplikacije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplika%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_vrstva" title="Aplikačná vrstva - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aplikačná vrstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikacijska_plast" title="Aplikacijska plast - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aplikacijska plast" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtresa_e_aplikacioneve" title="Shtresa e aplikacioneve - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtresa e aplikacioneve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Слој апликације - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слој апликације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applikationsskikt" title="Applikationsskikt - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Applikationsskikt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="అప్లికేషన్ లేయర్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అప్లికేషన్ లేయర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ชั้นโปรแกรมประยุกต์ - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชั้นโปรแกรมประยุกต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patong_na_aplikasyon" title="Patong na aplikasyon - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patong na aplikasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Прикладний рівень - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прикладний рівень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_%E1%BB%A9ng_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Tầng ứng dụng - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng ứng dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82" title="应用层 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="应用层" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82" title="应用层 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="应用层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189768#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uygulama_katman%C4%B1" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Uygulama_katman%C4%B1" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uygulama_katman%C4%B1"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uygulama_katman%C4%B1"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Uygulama_katman%C4%B1" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Uygulama_katman%C4%B1" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&oldid=32646300" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&id=32646300&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUygulama_katman%25C4%25B1"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUygulama_katman%25C4%25B1"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Uygulama+katman%C4%B1"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189768" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_tabakas%C4%B1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Uygulama tabakası">Uygulama tabakası</a> sayfasından yönlendirildi)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" width="200" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_ileti%C5%9Fim_kurallar%C4%B1_dizisi" title="İnternet iletişim kuralları dizisi">İnternet iletişim kuralları dizisi</a></b></big><br /><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/OSI_modeli" title="OSI modeli">OSI modeli</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><sup>Katman</sup></i> </td> <td><i><sup>İletişim kuralları</sup></i> </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#EDEDFF"> <td><b>7.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uygulama_tabakas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Uygulama tabakası">Uygulama katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNS" title="DNS">DNS</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMTP" title="SMTP">SMTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dosya_aktar%C4%B1m_ileti%C5%9Fim_kural%C4%B1" title="Dosya aktarım iletişim kuralı">FTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/TFTP" title="TFTP">TFTP</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUCP" class="extiw" title="en:UUCP">UUCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSH" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH">SSH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNMP" title="SNMP">SNMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SIP" title="SIP">SIP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a>, ... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#EDEDFF"> <td><b>6.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunum_katman%C4%B1" title="Sunum katmanı">Sunum katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8822" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8822">ISO 8822</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8823" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8823">ISO 8823</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8824" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8824">ISO 8824</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T_T.73" class="extiw" title="en:ITU-T T.73">ITU-T T.73</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Syntax_Notation_One" title="Abstract Syntax Notation One">ITU-T X.409</a>, ... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#EDEDFF"> <td><b>5.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oturum_katman%C4%B1" title="Oturum katmanı">Oturum katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9F_Dosya_Sistemi" title="Ağ Dosya Sistemi">NFS</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMB" class="extiw" title="en:SMB">SMB</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8326" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8326">ISO 8326</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8327" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8327">ISO 8327</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T_T.6299" class="extiw" title="en:ITU-T T.6299">ITU-T T.6299</a>, ... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#F5E5FF"> <td><b>4.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9F%C4%B1ma_katman%C4%B1" title="Taşıma katmanı">Ulaşım katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/TCP" title="TCP">TCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/UDP" title="UDP">UDP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCTP" title="SCTP">SCTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a>, ... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#F5E5FF"> <td><b>3.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9F_katman%C4%B1" title="Ağ katmanı">Ağ katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/IP_adresi" title="IP adresi">IP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adres_%C3%87%C3%B6z%C3%BCmleme_Protokol%C3%BC" title="Adres Çözümleme Protokolü">ARP</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_Grup_Y%C3%B6netim_Protokol%C3%BC" title="İnternet Grup Yönetim Protokolü">İnternet Grup Yönetim Protokolü</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPX" title="IPX">IPX</a>,... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#F5E5FF"> <td><b>2.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veri_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1s%C4%B1_katman%C4%B1" title="Veri bağlantısı katmanı">Veri bağlantısı katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_kart%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet kartı">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/HDLC" title="HDLC">HDLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Token_ring" title="Token ring">Token ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/FDDI" title="FDDI">FDDI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protokol" title="Point-to-Point Protokol">PPP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol">L2TP</a>... </td></tr> <tr align="left" bgcolor="#F5E5FF"> <td><b>1.</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiziksel_katman" title="Fiziksel katman">Donanım katmanı</a> </td> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/ISDN" title="ISDN">ISDN</a>, <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-422" class="extiw" title="en:EIA-422">EIA-422</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-449" class="extiw" title="en:RS-449">RS-449</a>, <a href="/wiki/EIA-485" title="EIA-485">EIA-485</a>, ... </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uygulama katmanı</b> veya <a href="/wiki/OSI" class="mw-redirect" title="OSI">OSI</a> <b>7. katman</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce">İngilizce</a>: <i>application layer</i>), programların ağı kullanabilmesi için araçlar sunar. Bilgisayar uygulaması ile <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9F" title="Ağ">ağ</a> arasındaki arabirim görevini yerine getirmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katmanların sıralanışında kullanıcıya en yakın olanıdır. Sadece bu katman diğer katmanlara servis sağlamaz. Uygulama katmanında ise uygulamaların <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9F" title="Ağ">ağ</a> üzerinde çalışması sağlanır. </p><p>Uygulama katmanı ağ hizmetini kullanacak olan programdır. Bu katman kullanıcının gereksinimlerin karşılar. Örneğin; <a href="/wiki/Veri_taban%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Veri tabanı">veri tabanı</a> uygulaması ya da <a href="/wiki/E-posta" title="E-posta">e-posta</a> uygulaması. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/API" class="mw-redirect" title="API">API</a>'leri uygulama katmanında çalışır. Bu <a href="/wiki/API" class="mw-redirect" title="API">API</a>'leri kullanarak program yazan bir programcı, örneğin bir <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C4%9F_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BCs%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ağ sürücüsü (sayfa mevcut değil)">ağ sürücüsüne</a> erişmek gerektiğinde <a href="/wiki/API" class="mw-redirect" title="API">API</a> içindeki hazır aracı alıp kendi programında kullanır. Alt katmanlarda gerçekleşen onlarca farklı işlemin hiçbirisiyle uğraşmak zorunda kalmaz. </p><p>Uygulama katmanı için bir diğer örnek <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>'dir. <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> çalıştırılan bir program değil bir protokoldür. Yani bir kurallar dizesidir. Bu dizeye göre çalışan bir <a href="/wiki/Taray%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Tarayıcı">tarayıcı</a> (<i>browser</i>), aynı protokolü kullanan bir <a href="/wiki/Web_sunucu" class="mw-redirect" title="Web sunucu">Web sunucuya</a> erişir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uygulama_katmanı_iletişim_kuralları"><span id="Uygulama_katman.C4.B1_ileti.C5.9Fim_kurallar.C4.B1"></span>Uygulama katmanı iletişim kuralları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Uygulama katmanı iletişim kuralları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Uygulama katmanı iletişim kuralları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMTP" title="SMTP">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POP3" title="POP3">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNMP" title="SNMP">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosya_Transfer_Protokol%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Dosya Transfer Protokolü">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSH" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTP" class="mw-disambig" title="GTP">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP" class="mw-disambig" title="SDP">SDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS" title="DNS">DNS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katman%C4%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106013059/https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/standards/osi-model-overview-543">"The OSI Model: An Overview"</a>. 2001. 6 Ocak 2017 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/standards/osi-model-overview-543">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Ocak</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+OSI+Model%3A+An+Overview&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sans.org%2Freading-room%2Fwhitepapers%2Fstandards%2Fosi-model-overview-543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AUygulama+katman%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/103884">"The OSI Model's Seven Layers Defined and Functions Explained"</a>. 13 Haziran 2014. 19 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419010718/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/103884">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Ocak</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+OSI+Model%27s+Seven+Layers+Defined+and+Functions+Explained&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fkb%2F103884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AUygulama+katman%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050300/http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp">"The 7 Layers of the OSI Model"</a>. 24 Eylül 1999. 19 Ocak 2017 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Ocak</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+7+Layers+of+the+OSI+Model&rft.date=1999-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webopedia.com%2Fquick_ref%2FOSI_Layers.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AUygulama+katman%C4%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katmanı&oldid=32646300">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uygulama_katmanı&oldid=32646300</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C4%B0nternet_protokolleri" title="Kategori:İnternet protokolleri">İnternet protokolleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Uygulama_katman%C4%B1_protokolleri" title="Kategori:Uygulama katmanı protokolleri">Uygulama katmanı protokolleri</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 11.42, 1 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde değiştirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş Lisansı</a> altındadır ve ek koşullar uygulanabilir. 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