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id="toc-Family_level_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_level_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Family level classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_level_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_level_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_level_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Species level classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_level_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Common names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hybrids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biology_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biology and ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biology and ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pollination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dormancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dormancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dormancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dormancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispersal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispersal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Dispersal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispersal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Genetic diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicinal_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicinal_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medicinal uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicinal_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Environmental concerns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental concerns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Control measures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" title="Vitex rotundifolia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vitex rotundifolia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" title="Vitex rotundifolia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vitex rotundifolia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EB%B9%84%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="순비기나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="순비기나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaban_tanah" title="Alaban tanah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alaban tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B4%E3%82%A6" title="ハマゴウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハマゴウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ljapupuk" title="ljapupuk – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="ljapupuk" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Прутняк круглолистный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прутняк круглолистный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" title="Vitex rotundifolia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vitex rotundifolia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="คนทีสอทะเล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คนทีสอทะเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_linh_xoan" title="Bình linh xoan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bình linh xoan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" title="Vitex rotundifolia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vitex rotundifolia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%91%89%E8%94%93%E8%8D%8A" title="單葉蔓荊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單葉蔓荊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%91%89%E8%94%93%E8%8D%8A" title="單葉蔓荊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg/220px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg/330px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg/440px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Vitex" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitex" title="Vitex"><i>Vitex</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>V. rotundifolia</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/L.f." class="mw-redirect" title="L.f.">L.f.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-powo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Vitex ovata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Thunb.</span><br /> <i>Vitex repens</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Blanco</span><br /> <i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> f. <i>albiflora</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Y.N.Lee</span><br /> <i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> f. <i>albiflora</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">S.S.Ying</span><br /> <i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> f. <i>rosea</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Satomi</span><br /> <i>Vitex trifolia</i> subsp. <i>litoralis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Steenis</span><br /> <i>Vitex trifolia</i> var. <i>obovata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Benth.</span><br /> <i>Vitex trifolia</i> var. <i>simplicifolia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cham.</span><br /> <i>Vitex trifolia</i> var. <i>unifoliolata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Schauer</span> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Vitex rotundifolia</b></i>, the <b>roundleaf chastetree</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>beach vitex</b>, is a species of flowering plant in the sage family Lamiaceae. It is native to seashores throughout the Pacific. Its range includes continents and islands stretching from India east to Hawaii and from Korea south to Australia. This shrub typically grows approximately 1 m in height. It has a sprawling growth habit and produces runners that root regularly at nodes. This rooting pattern allows the plant to spread rapidly. At maturity, <i>V. rotundifolia</i> produces blue-purple flowers that are borne in clusters and ultimately yield small brown-black fruits. Its leaves are rounded at the tips with green upper surfaces and silver lower surfaces. While the plant is a seashore obligate, it grows over a wide latitude range. It has been used for medicinal purposes throughout its native range. More recently, it was imported to the eastern United States where it has become a seashore invasive. Control efforts are presently underway to protect the fragile beach dune ecosystem. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> is a sprawling <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> that can grow as tall as 1.5 m though it typically ranges from 0.5 to 1 m in height. As a product of its rapid nodal rooting, the plant can form dense mats reaching in excess of 10 m from the parent plant.<sup id="cite_ref-Munir_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stems">Stems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New stems are green, square and fleshy initially before maturing brown and woody. Older, large-diameter stems are covered with heavily fissured bark. Running horizontal stems produce frequent upright branches. Leaves are strongly aromatic, intensifying when crushed.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaves">Leaves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of leaves are <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">simple</a>, but they can occasionally be <a href="/wiki/Palmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmate">palmate</a> <a href="/wiki/Trifoliate" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifoliate">trifoliate</a> or 2-leaved.<sup id="cite_ref-Munir_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaves measure 2 to 6.5 cm in length and 1–4.5 cm in width.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaf margins are <a href="/wiki/Entire_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Entire leaf">entire</a>. The leaf shape varies from <a href="/wiki/Ovate_(leaf)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovate (leaf)">ovate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Obovate" class="mw-redirect" title="Obovate">obovate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Angle#Types_of_angles" title="Angle">acute</a> bases and <a href="/wiki/Obtuse_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Obtuse angle">obtuse</a> apices. Occasionally, leaf apexes are <a href="/wiki/Angle#Types_of_angles" title="Angle">acute</a> or emarginate. Upper leaf surfaces are dark green whereas lower leaf surfaces range in color from silver to white to light green; all leaf surfaces are <a href="/wiki/Tomentose" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomentose">tomentose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">Petiole</a> bases are typically somewhat purple and measure 0 to 1 cm in length. Blades are cupped downward slightly. Leaf veins are lighter green than surrounding tissue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flowers">Flowers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flowers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flowers are borne in <a href="/wiki/Indeterminate_growth" title="Indeterminate growth">indeterminate</a> <a href="/wiki/Panicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Panicles">panicles</a> that may be <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">terminal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">axillary</a>. Inflorescences measure 3 to 7 cm in length. The <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx (botany)">calyx</a> is cup-shaped and 4 to 4.5 cm long. Flowers are <a href="/wiki/Zygomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomorphic">zygomorphic</a>, purple to blue-purple, and short pedunculate. They are two-lipped and funnel-form (measuring 8 mm in length). Four stamens are <a href="/wiki/Didynamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Didynamous">didynamous</a> and extend beyond the <a href="/wiki/Petal#Corolla" title="Petal">corolla</a> tube (measuring 9 to 10 mm). The <a href="/wiki/Style_(botany)" title="Style (botany)">style</a> extends beyond the <a href="/wiki/Stamens" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamens">stamens</a> (total length: 12 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pollen is <a href="/wiki/Tricolpate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolpate">tricolpate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">Ovaries</a> consist of two <a href="/wiki/Carpels" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpels">carpels</a> with each containing two single seeded <a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">locules</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits">Fruits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fruits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fruits are globose <a href="/wiki/Drupes" class="mw-redirect" title="Drupes">drupes</a> that are green while immature but turn yellow and red before maturing to bluish black.<sup id="cite_ref-FOCEC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOCEC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits are frequently incorrectly characterized in the literature as "<a href="/wiki/Seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeds">seeds</a> or <a href="/wiki/Berries" class="mw-redirect" title="Berries">berries</a>". Each drupe contains a maximum of four seeds though there are usually fewer as a result of seed abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-dekok07_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dekok07-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seeds">Seeds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each seed is encapsulated in a separate compartment. <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a> is absent.<sup id="cite_ref-Corner_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corner-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeds germinate into tender <a href="/wiki/Seedlings" class="mw-redirect" title="Seedlings">seedlings</a> that bear two <a href="/wiki/Cotyledons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotyledons">cotyledons</a> and quickly develop two red-margined true leaves. <a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Ploidy</a> level is 2n = 32, 34*.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg/220px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg/330px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg/440px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> is a member of the family <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a><sup id="cite_ref-IPNI_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPNI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subfamily <a href="/wiki/Viticoideae" title="Viticoideae">Viticoideae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harley_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harley-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant was originally described by the son of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus_the_Younger" title="Carl Linnaeus the Younger">Carl Linnaeus the Younger</a><sup id="cite_ref-IPNI_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPNI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original description was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Supplementum_Plantarum" title="Supplementum Plantarum">Supplementum Plantarum</a></i> in 1782.<sup id="cite_ref-IPNI_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPNI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The generic epithet, <i>Vitex</i>, is derived from the Latin <i>viere</i>, meaning “to bind or twist” in reference to the rope-like stems produced by some species in the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specific epithet, <i>rotundifolia</i>, is derived from the Latin <i>rotundus</i>, which means "round, spherical", and <i>folium</i>, meaning "leaf.” This is a reference to the rounded character of the leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_level_classification">Family level classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family level classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vitex</i> and all other members of the family <a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a> save those in the subfamily Verbenoideae were recently moved to the family <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harley_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harley-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this reorganization, two <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> families were established from the <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> Verbenaceae and <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a> Lamiaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-Cantino_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cantino-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new classification scheme was initially proposed by Cantino in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent <a href="/wiki/CpDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="CpDNA">cpDNA</a> analysis,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/RuBisCO_large_subunit" class="mw-redirect" title="RuBisCO large subunit">rbcL</a> sequence analysis,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxonomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemotaxonomic">chemotaxonomic</a> studies,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and morphological analyses <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have supported the original logic for family reorganization. </p><p>This revision has resulted in some confusion regarding the classification of <i>V. rotundifolia</i> in the literature. Despite the fact that the revision is well supported with volumes of data, many authors continue to incorrectly place the plant in Verbenaceae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_level_classification">Species level classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Species level classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent revisions of the genus <i>Vitex</i> have placed <i>V. rotundifolia</i> in synonymy with <i>V. trifolia</i> subsp. <i>littoralis</i> Steenis.<sup id="cite_ref-dekok07_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dekok07-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous researchers have placed <i>V. rotundifolia</i> within <i>V. trifolia</i>. Moldenke (1958) <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placed <i>V. rotundifolia</i> in synonymy with <i>V. trifolia</i> var. <i>simplicifolia</i>. The placement of Moldenke was in disagreement with Corner (1939),<sup id="cite_ref-Corner_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corner-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which held <i>V. rotundifolia</i> as distinct from <i>V. trifolia</i>. The placement of Corner was subsequently supported by several authors: Fosberg (1962),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Munir (1987),<sup id="cite_ref-Munir_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wagner (1999).<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_names">Common names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Common names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg/220px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg/330px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg/440px-Vitex_trifolia_subsp._litoralis_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> growing on rocks in Incheon, Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Likely due to the wide range over which <i>V. rotundifolia</i> is native, the plant has acquired a host of common names. </p><p><b>English speaking countries</b> </p> <ul><li>Beach vitex <sup id="cite_ref-USDA1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Round-leaved chaste tree <sup id="cite_ref-USDA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Single-leaf chaste tree <sup id="cite_ref-Porcher_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chasteberry <sup id="cite_ref-USDA1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monk's pepper <sup id="cite_ref-USDA1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>China</b> </p> <ul><li>Dan ye man jing <sup id="cite_ref-FOCEC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOCEC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USDA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Japan</b> </p> <ul><li>Hamagou <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Korea</b> </p> <ul><li>Sunbiginamu <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Man Hyung Ja(mainly medicinal name) <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Hawaii</b> </p> <ul><li>Kolokolo kahakai<sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hinahina kolo <sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Manawanawa<sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mawanawana<sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pōhinahina<sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Polinalina <sup id="cite_ref-HNPPD_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HNPPD-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrids">Hybrids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> between <i><a href="/wiki/Vitex_agnus-castus" title="Vitex agnus-castus">Vitex agnus-castus</a></i> and <i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> have been developed at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Botanic_Garden" title="Chicago Botanic Garden">Chicago Botanic Garden</a>. These cultivars have undergone successful trials at <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Gardens" title="Longwood Gardens">Longwood Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amn_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The characteristics of the hybrids are more like those of <i>V. rotundifolia</i> than <i>V. agnus-castus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-amn_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the hybrids are more upright than <i>V. rotundifolia</i> and have been described as "open and spreading." The leaf characteristics are intermediate between the two parent plants while the blue-purple flower color of the parents persists in the hybrid.<sup id="cite_ref-amn_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg/220px-Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg/330px-Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg/440px-Starr_050516-1299_Vitex_rotundifolia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> on a beach in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, US</figcaption></figure> <p><i>V. rotundifolia</i> grows along sandy and rocky coasts from 0 to 15 m above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plants grow down to the ocean waves themselves. <i>V. rotundifolia</i> is highly tolerant of the harsh beach dune environment characterized by intense heat, high wind, coarse-textured soil, and elevated salinity.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This plant's natural range includes much of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> and many of the Pacific islands. The plant was observed by Munir from Northern and Western Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Polynesia, Hawaii, Malaya, Philippines, and Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-Munir_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moldenke reported <i>V. rotundifolia</i> in Brazil, Mauritius, Reunion, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, China, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Korea, Indochina, Thailand, Borneo, and Sarawak.<sup id="cite_ref-Mold71_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mold71-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mold80_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mold80-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant has also been observed in southern India.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultivation of <i>V. rotundifolia</i> has been reported in England, Florida, Germany, the Hawaiian Islands, Hong Kong, Java, Johnston Island, Maryland, and New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Mold80_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mold80-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present in the United States, beach vitex has become naturalized only in southeastern states along the east and gulf coasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology_and_ecology">Biology and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biology and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beach vitex is a <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> that grows throughout the summer months in <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> areas of the Pacific. In temperate areas, the plant is <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> and loses its leaves during the cool nights of fall. In the southeastern United States, leaves emerge in April while flowering occurs from June–August with fruiting following shortly thereafter. Fruits may remain attached to the plant into the early spring. <i>V. rotundifolia</i> is capable of overwintering on the dunes in South and North Carolina and in gulf coastal areas. It can survive in USDA <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardiness zones">hardiness zones</a> 6b to 10. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plant grows rapidly, and reproduces through vegetative means.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the plant matures, it begins to flower. After maturation, the plant produces large numbers of fruits (up to 5581 fruits per square meter).<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollination">Pollination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pollination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Insect visitation is the likely method of pollen transfer due to the spatial separation of the <a href="/wiki/Anthers" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthers">anthers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a>, which would make self-pollination unlikely. Abe reported <i>V. rotundifolia</i> flowers on <a href="/wiki/Nishinoshima_(Ogasawara)" title="Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)">Nishino-shima Island</a> were visited by flies, honey bees, beetles, butterflies, and ants though most of the visitors were ants.<sup id="cite_ref-Abe_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abe-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ab_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ab-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diverse groups of pollinators visit the flowers in search of the 0.5 μL per flower nectar reward.<sup id="cite_ref-Ab_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ab-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this wide range of visitors, it is unlikely the plant would require a specialist insect to mediate successful pollination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dormancy">Dormancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dormancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evidence indicates that beach vitex possesses a combinational <a href="/wiki/Dormancy" title="Dormancy">dormancy</a> mechanism. This dormancy mechanism is made up of a physical dormancy component and a physiological dormancy component.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousin_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physical dormancy mechanism is believed to be inforced at least in part by cuticular alkanes that prevent water penetration.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousi_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mechanism of the physiological dormancy component is not yet fully understood.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousin_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dormancy mechanism allows for the establishment of a substantial soil seed bank that is capable of surviving and producing new seedlings in excess of 4 years after all vegetation has been removed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousin_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dormancy mechanisms also allow the plant to undergo long-distance dispersal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispersal">Dispersal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dispersal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is substantial supportive evidence of a water-based dispersal mechanism for beach vitex fruits. <i>V. rotundifolia</i> plants are present throughout the Pacific including coastal areas of two continents and many islands. Bird dispersal is highly unlikely as there is no fleshy fruit reward; water dispersal is the most likely dispersal means capable of enabling dispersal over such long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fruits are covered with thick coatings of <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobic">hydrophobic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuticular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuticular">cuticular</a> <a href="/wiki/Alkanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkanes">alkanes</a> allowing them to resist water penetration for extended periods.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousin_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cousi_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have observed <i>V. rotundifolia</i> fruits floating on rivers and oceans.<sup id="cite_ref-Munir_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_diversity">Genetic diversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Genetic diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genetic diversity within populations has been found to be much lower than the average for most woody plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Yeeh_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yeeh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the divergence between populations was found to be higher. There were large genetic differences between populations, indicating there is limited gene flow between populations. This is understandable due to the limited <a href="/wiki/Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">ecological niche</a> beach vitex inhabits. Since the populations are largely <a href="/wiki/Clonal_interference" title="Clonal interference">clonal</a>, this may enhance <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">genetic drift</a>. Significant variations have been observed with regard to <a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemotype" title="Chemotype">chemotype</a> of various beach vitex samples collected from across China. Genotypic and chemotypic variations were closely associated.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large genetic variation between populations was observed with lower variation within populations, and plants within 20 m of each other were closely related. It was believed that differentiation of separated populations might be the cause of variations between populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicinal_uses">Medicinal uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Medicinal uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> has many medicinal uses. These uses generally parallel those of <i><a href="/wiki/Vitex_agnus-castus" title="Vitex agnus-castus">Vitex agnus-castus</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_concerns">Environmental concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In areas where it has been introduced outside of its native range, <i>V. rotundifolia</i> has proven to be an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>. This plant dominates dune ecosystems leading to a reduction in the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Native_species" title="Native species">native species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gresham_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gresham-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native species exclusion is of particular concern because some of the species that share a <a href="/wiki/Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">niche</a> with <i>V. rotundifolia</i>, such as sea beach amaranth (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_pumilus" title="Amaranthus pumilus">Amaranthus pumilus</a></i> Rafinesque), are presently listed as <a href="/wiki/Threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Threatened">threatened</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fws_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fws-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> fruits have been shown to transfer cuticular <a href="/wiki/Alkanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkanes">alkanes</a> to the sand substrate. This results in intense sand <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobicity">hydrophobicity</a> that persists in the soil for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousi_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hydrophobicity might negatively impact dune recovery or serve as a means for limiting growth of native plant species.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousi_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sea turtle conservation groups have publicized concerns that dense <i>V. rotundifolia</i> growth may prevent sea turtles from reaching acceptable nesting sites.<sup id="cite_ref-bvtf_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvtf-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These same organizations believe that <i>V. rotundifolia</i> may limit the ability of baby turtles to reach the ocean after they hatch. A recent <i>USA Today</i> article mentioned these concerns as part of an effort to raise awareness of <i>V. rotundifolia</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has at least one review article.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these concerns have not been validated scientifically. Several sea turtle species nest along the coasts of the Carolinas. These include the endangered <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Loggerhead turtle">loggerhead turtle</a> (<i>Caretta caretta</i>), the endangered <a href="/wiki/Green_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Green turtle">green turtle</a> (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), and the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Kemp%27s_ridley" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemp's ridley">Kemp's ridley</a> (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>). If scientific evidence is found to support claims that <i>V. rotundifolia</i> harms sea turtles, this threat would constitute a substantial environmental issue. </p><p>Beach vitex emits large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Methyl_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl chloride">methyl chloride</a> from its leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-yokouchi_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yokouchi-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>V. rotundifolia</i> was one of the six highest emitting species of 33 possessing this characteristic.<sup id="cite_ref-yokouchi_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yokouchi-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 187 species were examined. Methyl chloride is produced naturally, but may be responsible for a substantial portion of the negative impacts on the stratospheric <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In light of the invasive characteristics of <i>V. rotundifolia</i>, it has been added to the North Carolina Noxious Weed List (effective 2/1/2009). Plants on this list are effectively banned within the state in that possession, sale, and transport of these species is illegal. <sup id="cite_ref-ncnoxweed_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncnoxweed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virginia has enacted a permanent statewide <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantine</a> (effective 05/07/12) to limit further <i>V. rotundifolia</i> spread. <sup id="cite_ref-vaquar_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaquar-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 12 municipalities in North and South Carolina have enacted ordinances that ban <i>V. rotundifolia</i> planting and require homeowners to remove established plantings from their property.<sup id="cite_ref-bvtf_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvtf-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020 <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> also banned <i>V. rotundifolia</i>, making it illegal to purchase in Florida or to move it into or within the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FL-Rules_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL-Rules-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IFAS-UF-blog_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFAS-UF-blog-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_measures">Control measures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Control measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, beach vitex stems are wounded using a <a href="/wiki/Machete" title="Machete">machete</a>. A 5.25% solution of <a href="/wiki/Imazapyr" title="Imazapyr">imazapyr</a> is applied to the wounded areas of the stems. After a period of 6 months, all stems are removed. This treatment procedure is repeated until zero regrowth is observed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Triclopyr" title="Triclopyr">Triclopyr</a> may be used to treat small resprouts and seedlings.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-powo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-powo_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865973-1">"Vitex rotundifolia L.f. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitex+rotundifolia+L.f.+%26%23124%3B+Plants+of+the+World+Online+%26%23124%3B+Kew+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A865973-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/VIRO80">"<i>Vitex rotundifolia</i>"</a>. <i>PLANTS Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLANTS+Database&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EVitex+rotundifolia%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.au=NRCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.sc.egov.usda.gov%2Fplant-profile%2FVIRO80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munir-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munir_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munir_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munir_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munir_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munir_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunir1987" class="citation journal cs1">Munir, A.A. (1987). "A taxonomic revision of the genus <i>Vitex</i> L. (Verbenaceae)* in Australia". <i>Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 31–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Adelaide+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=A+taxonomic+revision+of+the+genus+Vitex+L.+%28Verbenaceae%29%2A+in+Australia&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-79&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Munir&rft.aufirst=A.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wagner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagnerD.R._HerbstS.H._Sohmer1999" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, W.L; D.R. Herbst; S.H. Sohmer (1999). <i>Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i</i>. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2166-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2166-1"><bdi>978-0-8248-2166-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+the+Flowering+Plants+of+Hawai%27i&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=Bishop+Museum+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2166-1&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=W.L&rft.au=D.R.+Herbst&rft.au=S.H.+Sohmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlora_of_Taiwan_Editorial_Committee1978" class="citation book cs1">Flora of Taiwan Editorial Committee, W.L (1978). <i>Flora of Taiwan</i>. Vol. 4. Taipei: Epoch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+of+Taiwan&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Epoch&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Flora+of+Taiwan+Editorial+Committee&rft.aufirst=W.L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOCEC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOCEC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOCEC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlora_of_China_Editorial_Committee1994" class="citation book cs1">Flora of China Editorial Committee, R. M. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134644">"Vitex"</a>. <i>Flora of China</i>. Vol. 17. pp. 28–32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vitex&rft.btitle=Flora+of+China&rft.pages=28-32&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Flora+of+China+Editorial+Committee&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D2%26taxon_id%3D134644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dekok07-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dekok07_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dekok07_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Kok2007" class="citation journal cs1">de Kok, R. (2007). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Carolina+Noxious+Weeds+List&rft.date=2009&rft.au=North+Carolina+Department+of+Agriculture+and+Consumer+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agr.state.nc.us%2Fplantindustry%2Fplant%2Fweed%2Fnoxweed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaquar-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaquar_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_Department_of_Agriculture_and_Consumer_Services2009" class="citation web cs1">Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617070402/http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/news/releases-b/120409beachvitex.shtml">"Board of agriculture and consumer services issues permanent beach vitex quarantine"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Board+of+agriculture+and+consumer+services+issues+permanent+beach+vitex+quarantine&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Virginia+Department+of+Agriculture+and+Consumer+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vdacs.virginia.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases-b%2F120409beachvitex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FL-Rules-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FL-Rules_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flrules.org/Gateway/View_notice.asp?id=23316392">"23316392, 5B-57.001 - Florida Administrative Rules, Law, Code, Register - FAC, FAR, eRulemaking"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23316392%2C+5B-57.001+-+Florida+Administrative+Rules%2C+Law%2C+Code%2C+Register+-+FAC%2C+FAR%2C+eRulemaking&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flrules.org%2FGateway%2FView_notice.asp%3Fid%3D23316392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IFAS-UF-blog-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IFAS-UF-blog_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/news/2020/10/20/beach-vitex/">"Newly banned beach weed threatens sea turtle nesting sites - UF/IFAS News"</a>. 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newly+banned+beach+weed+threatens+sea+turtle+nesting+sites+-+UF%2FIFAS+News&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.ifas.ufl.edu%2Fnews%2F2020%2F10%2F20%2Fbeach-vitex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVitex+rotundifolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" class="extiw" title="commons:Vitex rotundifolia"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Vitex rotundifolia</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2925558"><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i> occurrence data</a> from <a href="/wiki/GBIF" class="mw-redirect" title="GBIF">GBIF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/terrestrial/plants/beach-vitex">Species Profile- Beach Vitex (<i>Vitex rotundifolia</i>)</a>, National Invasive Species Information Center, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Agricultural_Library" title="United States National Agricultural Library">United States National Agricultural Library</a>. Lists general information and resources for beach vitex.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vitex rotundifolia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290236" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q290236">Q290236</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitex_rotundifolia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Vitex rotundifolia">Vitex rotundifolia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=4394">4394</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=3706">3706</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/113395">113395</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Tropical_Rainforest_Plants" title="Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants">ATRF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Vitex_rotundifolia.htm">Vitex_rotundifolia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5BLC2">5BLC2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/6743">6743</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=210002310">210002310</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210002310">210002310</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2925558">2925558</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1110">1110</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=41839">41839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/126845">126845</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=11609">11609</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/865973-1">865973-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10596589">10596589</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/56553">56553</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=505725">505725</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287494">287494</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143418/">2.143418</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=413484">413484</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraNT" title="FloraNT">NTFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=1054324">1054324</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=962113">962113</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/VIRO80">VIRO80</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A865973-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865973-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/33702224">33702224</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000333413">wfo-0000333413</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&oldid=1256299279">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&oldid=1256299279</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vitex" title="Category:Vitex">Vitex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Eastern_Asia" title="Category:Flora of Eastern Asia">Flora of Eastern Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_China" 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