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gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Biyolohiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Biyolohiya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Biyolohiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span 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pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimolohiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pundasyon_ng_modernong_biyolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pundasyon_ng_modernong_biyolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga pundasyon ng modernong biyolohiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_pundasyon_ng_modernong_biyolohiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga pundasyon ng modernong biyolohiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_pundasyon_ng_modernong_biyolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teoriya_ng_selula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoriya_ng_selula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Teoriya ng selula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoriya_ng_selula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ebolusyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebolusyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ebolusyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebolusyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Henetika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homeostasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homeostasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Homeostasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homeostasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerhiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerhiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Enerhiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerhiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sangay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sangay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mga sangay</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_sangay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga sangay</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_sangay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pisyolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pisyolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pisyolohiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pisyolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biyolohiyang_molekular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biyolohiyang_molekular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biyolohiyang molekular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biyolohiyang_molekular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeriya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeriya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Galeriya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeriya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biyolohiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 245 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-245" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">245 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Абиологиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абиологиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%95%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%88%E1%89%B5" title="ሥነ ሕይወት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ሕይወት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloch%C3%ADa" title="Biolochía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Biolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="علم الأحياء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الأحياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لبيولوجيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بيولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জীৱবিজ্ঞান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliopa" title="Bliopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bliopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्‍त्र – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जीवशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="بیولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bioluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bioluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялогія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біялёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_hayat" title="Èlmu hayat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu hayat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवविज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जीवविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baeoloji" title="Baeoloji – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Baeoloji" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji_hayat" title="Kaji hayat – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kaji hayat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇီဝဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জীববিজ্ঞান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীববিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐྱེ་དངོས་རིག་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐྱེ་དངོས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevoniezh" title="Bevoniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bevoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%81%E1%A8%97" title="ᨅᨗᨕᨚᨒᨚᨁᨗ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨗᨕᨚᨒᨚᨁᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk-h%C5%8Fk" title="Sĕng-ŭk-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-ŭk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloyia" title="Bioloyia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Bioloyia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ژینناسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolugia" title="Biolugia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Biolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatiyat" title="Ayatiyat – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ayatiyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C3%B4" title="Biologijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Biologijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywydeg" title="Bywydeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bywydeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binni%C9%9Bma_vihigu" title="Binniɛma vihigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Binniɛma vihigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6c%C3%ABp%C3%AFr" title="Piöcëpïr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcëpïr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolociye" title="Biyolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Biyolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AC%DE%80%DE%AD_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ދިރުމާބެހޭ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިރުމާބެހޭ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologio" title="Biologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa" title="Biología – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloogia" title="Bioloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیست‌شناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloogia" title="Bioloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bioloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilanibula" title="Kilanibula – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kilanibula" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADvfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Lívfrøði – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lívfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologii" title="Biologii – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Biologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjie" title="Biologjie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Biologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitheola%C3%ADocht" title="Bitheolaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bitheolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byoloji" title="Byoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Byoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bith-e%C3%B2las" title="Bith-eòlas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bith-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیویشتشناسی – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زیویشتشناسی" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekovekuaaty" title="Tekovekuaaty – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekovekuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જીવવિજ્ઞાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જીવવિજ્ઞાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bea-oaylleeaght" title="Bea-oaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bea-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laimeaola" title="Kālaimeaola – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaimeaola" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביולוגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीव विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiu_vigyan" title="Jiu vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jiu vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloji" title="Biyoloji – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Biyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Biológia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կենսաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolohia" title="Biolohia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologio" title="Biologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Líffræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líffræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AA%E1%94%85%E1%93%B1%E1%93%AF%E1%96%83%E1%95%90%E1%91%90%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᐆᒪᔅᓱᓯᖃᕐᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒪᔅᓱᓯᖃᕐᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailoji" title="Bailoji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bailoji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mivyske" title="mivyske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mivyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოლოგია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Biologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnudert" title="Tasnudert – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnudert" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomna%C9%A3_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Tomnaɣ lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tomnaɣ lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayoroj%C4%A9" title="Bayorojĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bayorojĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumassusililerineq" title="Uumassusililerineq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumassusililerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="ជីវវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%9B%D9%88%D9%97%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="زیٛوٗدُت – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زیٛوٗدُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloj%C3%AE" title="Biyolojî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Biyolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywonieth" title="Bywonieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bywonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojiya" title="Biolojiya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Biolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomabiramu" title="Essomabiramu – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomabiramu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamb%C3%AD_ma_bom%C9%94i" title="Mambí ma bomɔi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mambí ma bomɔi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຊີວະສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊີວະສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolo%C4%A3ija" title="Bioloģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Biôlôjia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Биологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Биологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амин судлал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амин судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯊꯋꯥꯢꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯋꯥꯢꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijolo%C4%A1ija" title="Bijoloġija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bijoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C-%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Биологиясь-эриеньсодамось – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Биологиясь-эриеньсодамось" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolizmatiliztli" title="Yolizmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Yolizmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologgia" title="Biologgia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Biologgia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव विज्ञान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीव विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जीवशास्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A3%DF%8C%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2" title="ߣߌߡߊߞߊߙߊ߲ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߣߌߡߊߞߊߙߊ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutaphedi" title="Thutaphedi – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutaphedi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolougii" title="Biolougii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Biolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinjiree" title="Xiinjiree – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinjiree" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜୀବ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Биологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biiolojii" title="Biiolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Biiolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ACa" title="Biologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Biologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="جیون پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیون پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ژونپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_yachay" title="Kawsay yachay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Біолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जीवशास्त्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जीवशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Biologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolugg%C3%ACa" title="Bioluggìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حياتيات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حياتيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnudrt" title="Tasnudrt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnudrt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජීව විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීව විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Biológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیاتیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiolo" title="Paiolo – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Paiolo" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambamhenyu" title="Ruambamhenyu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambamhenyu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayoloji" title="Bayoloji – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bayoloji" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjia" title="Biologjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биологија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibhayoloji" title="Ibhayoloji – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ibhayoloji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baeloji" title="Baeloji – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Baeloji" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C5%8F" title="Biologijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Biologijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜೀವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜೀವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="జీవ శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia" title="Biolojia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Biolojia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Зистшиносӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зистшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ชีววิทยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีววิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%8C%82" title="ባዮሎጂ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ባዮሎጂ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi%C3%BDa" title="Biologiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologij%C9%99" title="Biologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Biologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_long_laip" title="Save long laip – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Save long laip" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoloji" title="Biyoloji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Vutomi" title="Ntivo-Vutomi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Vutomi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Биология" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بىئولوگىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біологія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیاتیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio%C5%82ozia" title="Biołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Biołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologii" title="Biologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Sinh học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog" title="Biolog – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Biolog" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolodjeye" title="Biyolodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Biyolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Биолог – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Биолог" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBayoloji" title="IBayoloji – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBayoloji" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ביאלאגיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnghvuzyoz" title="Swnghvuzyoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Swnghvuzyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Biologie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴷⵔⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazampilo" title="Umchazampilo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazampilo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Biyolohiya" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Biyolohiya" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Biyolohiya" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&oldid=2129840" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Biyolohiya&id=2129840&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiyolohiya"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiyolohiya"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Biyolohiya"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Biyolohiya&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Biology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q420" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 280px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/141px-Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/212px-Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/282px-Bubalus_mindorensis_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg/140px-HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg/210px-HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg/280px-HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Isang bubuyog, Apis mellifera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/140px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/210px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/280px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Lactobacillus_sp_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lactobacillus, isang uri ng Asporohenong Positibong Hugis Rod na Bakterya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lactobacillus_sp_01.png/140px-Lactobacillus_sp_01.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lactobacillus_sp_01.png/210px-Lactobacillus_sp_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lactobacillus_sp_01.png/280px-Lactobacillus_sp_01.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="498" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tinatalakay ng haynayan ang iba't-ibang nabubuhay na <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">tataghay</a>. Mga larawan ng iba't-ibang tataghay (mula kaliwa hanggang kanan): <ul><li>itaas: <a href="/wiki/Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">tamaraw</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HeLa (hindi pa naisusulat)">HeLa</a></li> <li>ibaba: <a href="/wiki/Pukyutan" title="Pukyutan">pukyutan</a> sa isang bulaklak na Aster at <a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">ishayang <i>Lactobacillus</i></a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>biyolohiya</b> o <b>haynayan</b> ay <a href="/wiki/Agham_pangkalikasan" title="Agham pangkalikasan">agham pangkalikasan</a> na nakatuon sa pag-aaral ng <a href="/wiki/Buhay" title="Buhay">buhay</a> at mga pamamaraang kasangkot nito. Saklaw nito ang mga paksang tulad ng mga mekanismo ng <a href="/wiki/Selula" title="Selula">sihay</a>, sauri't asal ng mga <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">tataghay</a>, kasimulan at <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">kasunlaran</a> ng mga <a href="/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye">sarihay</a>, at pakikipag-ugnayan ng iba't-ibang <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">palamuhayan</a>. </p><p>Ang mga subdisiplina ng biyolohiya ay inilalarawan ayon sa iskala na pinag-aaralang mga organismo at mga pamamaraang ginagamit upang pag-aralan ang mga ito: Ang <a href="/wiki/Biyokimika" title="Biyokimika">biyokimika</a> ay nagsisiyasat ng rudimentaryong <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a> ng buhay, ang <a href="/wiki/Biyolohiyang_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiyang molekular">biyolohiyang molekular</a> ay nag-aaral ang mga masalimuot na mga interaksiyon sa pagitan ng mga biolohikal na molekula, ang <a href="/wiki/Biolohiyang_selular" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolohiyang selular">biolohiyang sihayr</a> ay nagsisiyast ng basikong pantayong bloke ng lahat ng buhay na sihay, ang <a href="/wiki/Pisyolohiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisyolohiya">pisyolohiya</a> ay nagsisiyasat ng mga tungkuling pisikal at kimikal ng mga <a href="/wiki/Tisyu" title="Tisyu">tisyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Organo">organo</a> at mga sistemang organo ng isang organismo, ang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">biyolohiyang ebolusyonaryo</a> ay nagsisiyasat ng mga pagbabago na lumilikha ng dibersidad ng buhay, ang <a href="/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya">ekolohiya</a> ay nagsisiyasat kung paanong ang mga organismo ay nakikipag-ugnayan sa kanilang kapaligiran.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimolohiya">Etimolohiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Etimolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isang makabagong katawagan ang salitang biyolohiya. Ipinakilala ito ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</a>, isang propesor ng <a href="/wiki/Panggagamot" class="mw-redirect" title="Panggagamot">panggagamot</a> at <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> sa liseo ng Bremen. Ginamit ni Treviranus ang salita sa loob ng kanyang <a href="/wiki/Treatise" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatise">tratasong</a> <i>Biologie; oder die Philosphie der lebenden Natur</i> noong 1802. Inampon ni <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a> ang termino. Sa ngayon, ginagamit na ito sa buong mundo. </p><p>Ang salitang <i>haynayan</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ay galing sa mga salitang bu<i>hay</i> at kasa<i>nayan</i>. Ito ay salitang binuo ng mga purista noong panahon ng Lumang Tagalog na kalauna'y hindi na gaanong ginagamit sa kasalukuyang panahon sa panahon ng wikang Filipino, ngunit may iba rin namang gumagamit nito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pundasyon_ng_modernong_biyolohiya">Mga pundasyon ng modernong biyolohiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pundasyon ng modernong biyolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pundasyon ng modernong biyolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang modernong biyolohiya ay pinagkakaisa ng limang mga prinsipyo: ang teoriya ng sihay, ebolusyon, henetika, homeostasis at enerhiya<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="Kailangan ng mga pagbanggit ng mapagkakatiwalaang sanggunian" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Citation needed">kailangan ng sanggunian</a>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teoriya_ng_selula">Teoriya ng selula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Teoriya ng selula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Teoriya ng selula"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Celltypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/350px-Celltypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/525px-Celltypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/700px-Celltypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Selula" title="Selula">selula</a> ng mga <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">eukaryote</a>(kaliwa) at mga <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a>(kanan)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Teoriya_ng_selula" title="Teoriya ng selula">teoriya ng selula</a> ay nagsasaad na ang <a href="/wiki/Selula" title="Selula">selula</a> ang pundamental na unit ng buhay at ang lahat ng mga nabubuhay na organismo ay binubuo ng isa o higit pang mga selula. Ang lahat ng mga selula ay lumilitaw mula sa ibang mga selula sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Paghahati_ng_selula" title="Paghahati ng selula">paghahati ng selula</a>. Sa mga <a href="/wiki/Organismong_multiselular" title="Organismong multiselular">organismong multiselular</a>, ang bawat selula sa katawan ng organismo ay nagmumula sa isang selula sa isang pertilisadong itlog. Ang selula ay ang basikong unit ng maraming mga patolohikal na proseso.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang phenomenon ng pagdaloy ng enerhiya ay nangyayari sa mga sihay sa mga prosesong bahagi ng tungkuling tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo</a>. Ang mga selula ay naglalaman ng impormasyong namamana na <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> na ipinapasa mula selula sa ibang selula habang nangyayari ang paghahati ng selula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ebolusyon">Ebolusyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ebolusyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ebolusyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg/220px-Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Ang apat sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_finch_ni_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga finch ni Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga 13 species ng finch</a> na natagpuan sa <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Archipelago</a> na nag-ebolb sa pamamagitan ng radyasyong pag-aangkop na nagparami ng mga hugis ng kanilang <a href="/wiki/Tuka" title="Tuka">tuka</a> upang umangkop sa iba't ibang mga mapagkukunang pagkain.</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">Ebolusyon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">Ebolusyon ng tao</a></div> <p>Ang isang sentral na konsepto sa biyolohiya ay ang buhay ay nagbabago at umuunlad sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a> at ang lahat ng mga anyo ng buhay ay may isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">karaniwang pinagmulan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itinuturing ng mga biologo ang pagiging pangkalahatan at pag-iral saanman ng <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">kodigong henetiko</a> bilang depinitibong ebidensiya na pumapabor sa teoriya ng pangkalahatang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">karaniwang pinagmulan</a> ng ebolusyon para sa lahat ng mga <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bakterya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">archaea</a> at mga <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">eukaryote</a><sup id="cite_ref-Futuyma_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Futuyma-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ebolusyon na sinusuportahan ng malaking ebidensiya ang paliwanag na tinatanggap sa agham sa malaking mga pagkakaiba ng mga anyo ng buhay sa mundo. Ang mga species at mga breed ay umuunlad sa pamamagitan ng mga proseso ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Artipisyal_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Artipisyal na seleksiyon">artipisyal na seleksiyon</a> o selektibong pagpaparami ng organismo.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bukod dito, ang <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic drift">Genetic drift</a> ay isa pang karagdagang mekanismo sa pag-unlad na ebolusyonaryo sa modernong sintesis ng ebolusyon.<sup id="cite_ref-GGS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang kasaysayang ebolusyonaryo ng species na naglalarawan ng mga katangian ng mga iba't ibang species na pinagmulan nito kasama ng mga relasyong henealohikal nito sa bawat ibang mga species ay kilala bilang <a href="/wiki/Piloheniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Piloheniya">piloheniya</a>. Ang mga iba't ibang pamamaraan sa biyolohiya ay lumilikha ng impormasyon tungkol sa piloheniya. Kabilang dito ang paghahambing ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekwensiya_ng_DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekwensiya ng DNA (hindi pa naisusulat)">sekwensiya ng DNA</a> na isinasagawa sa loob ng <a href="/wiki/Biyolohiyang_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiyang molekular">biyolohiyang molekular</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henomika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henomika (hindi pa naisusulat)">henomika</a> at paghahambing ng mga <a href="/wiki/Fossil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil">fossil</a> o iba pang mga rekord ng mga sinaunang organismo sa <a href="/wiki/Paleontolohiya" title="Paleontolohiya">paleontolohiya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isinasaayos at sinisiyasat ng mga biologo ang mga relasyong ebolusyonaryo ng mga species sa pamamagitan ng mga pamamaraang kinabibilangan ng <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetics">phylogenetics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">phenetics</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cladistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cladistics (hindi pa naisusulat)">cladistics</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/450px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/675px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/900px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1010" usemap="#ImageMap_9650a4be8f7cd958" resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Phylogenetic_tree.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_9650a4be8f7cd958"><area href="/wiki/Bacteria" shape="rect" coords="62,61,123,72" alt="Bacteria" title="Bacteria" /><area href="/wiki/Archaea" shape="rect" coords="200,60,261,72" alt="Archaea" title="Archaea" /><area href="/wiki/Eucaryota" shape="rect" coords="316,61,390,75" alt="Eucaryota" title="Eucaryota" /><area href="/wiki/Aquificae" shape="rect" coords="9,247,41,257" alt="Aquifex" title="Aquifex" /><area href="/wiki/Thermotogae" shape="rect" coords="8,229,57,237" alt="Thermotoga" title="Thermotoga" /><area href="/wiki/Cytophaga" shape="rect" coords="7,208,56,217" alt="Cytophaga" title="Cytophaga" /><area href="/wiki/Bacteroides" shape="rect" coords="7,199,56,208" alt="Bacteroides" title="Bacteroides" /><area href="/wiki/Bacteroides-Cytophaga" shape="rect" coords="57,199,97,213" alt="Bacteroides-Cytophaga" title="Bacteroides-Cytophaga" /><area href="/wiki/Planctomycetes" shape="rect" coords="7,175,65,185" alt="Planctomyces" title="Planctomyces" /><area href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" shape="rect" coords="10,157,71,166" alt="Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria" /><area href="/wiki/Proteobacteria" shape="rect" coords="44,142,104,149" alt="Proteobacteria" title="Proteobacteria" /><area href="/wiki/Spirochetes" shape="rect" coords="62,110,111,119" alt="Spirochetes" title="Spirochetes" /><area href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" shape="rect" coords="117,123,153,141" alt="Gram-positive bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria" /><area href="/wiki/Chloroflexi_(phylum)" shape="rect" coords="132,89,182,115" alt="Green filantous bacteria" title="Green filantous bacteria" /><area href="/wiki/Pyrodictiaceae" shape="rect" coords="156,188,211,197" alt="Pyrodicticum" title="Pyrodicticum" /><area href="/wiki/Thermoproteus" shape="rect" coords="159,176,222,185" alt="Thermoproteus" title="Thermoproteus" /><area href="/wiki/Thermococci" shape="rect" coords="201,164,231,171" alt="Thermococcus celer" title="Thermococcus celer" /><area href="/wiki/Methanococcus" shape="rect" coords="175,149,240,156" alt="Methanococcus" title="Methanococcus" /><area href="/wiki/Methanobacteria" shape="rect" coords="170,135,247,142" alt="Methanobacterium" title="Methanobacterium" /><area href="/wiki/Methanosarcina" shape="rect" coords="200,124,267,131" alt="Methanosarcina" title="Methanosarcina" /><area href="/wiki/Halobacteria" shape="rect" coords="268,135,310,145" alt="Halophiles" title="Halophiles" /><area href="/wiki/Entamoebae" shape="rect" coords="267,108,319,115" alt="Entamoebae" title="Entamoebae" /><area href="/wiki/Slime_mold" shape="rect" coords="326,103,351,120" alt="Slime mold" title="Slime mold" /><area href="/wiki/Animal" shape="rect" coords="360,108,392,115" alt="Animal" title="Animal" /><area href="/wiki/Fungus" shape="rect" coords="380,118,402,128" alt="Fungus" title="Fungus" /><area href="/wiki/Plant" shape="rect" coords="380,142,405,149" alt="Plant" title="Plant" /><area href="/wiki/Ciliate" shape="rect" coords="380,157,410,164" alt="Ciliate" title="Ciliate" /><area href="/wiki/Flagellate" shape="rect" coords="380,178,424,187" alt="Flagellate" title="Flagellate" /><area href="/wiki/Trichomonad" shape="rect" coords="380,199,439,207" alt="Trichomonad" title="Trichomonad" /><area href="/wiki/Microsporidia" shape="rect" coords="380,218,435,228" alt="Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia" /><area href="/wiki/Diplomonad" shape="rect" coords="380,239,433,248" alt="Diplomonad" title="Diplomonad" /></map><figcaption>Isang <a href="/wiki/Punong_pilohenetiko" title="Punong pilohenetiko">punong pilohenetiko</a> ng lahat ng mga nabubuhay na bagay batay sa datos ng kanilang <a href="/wiki/RRNA" title="RRNA">rRNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">gene</a>. Ito ay nagpapakita ng paghihiwalay ng mga tatlong <a href="/wiki/Dominyo_(biyolohiya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominyo (biyolohiya)">dominyo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">archaea</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">eukaryote</a>. Ang mga puno na nilikha gamit ang ibang mga gene ay pangkalahatang pareho bagaman ang mga ito ay maaaring maglagay ng isang mas maagang mga pangkat na sumanga nang napakaiba na pinagpapalagay na dahil sa mabilis na ebolusyon ng <a href="/wiki/RRNA" title="RRNA">rRNA</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" title="Talaksan:Biological classification L Pengo vflip.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/langtl-300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_b98a4ef962e05e30" resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_b98a4ef962e05e30"><area href="/wiki/Life" shape="rect" coords="63,9,141,36" alt="Life" title="Life" /><area href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,49,141,75" alt="Domain" title="Domain" /><area href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,89,141,115" alt="Kingdom" title="Kingdom" /><area href="/wiki/Phylum" shape="rect" coords="63,128,141,154" alt="Phylum" title="Phylum" /><area href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,168,141,194" alt="Class" title="Class" /><area href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,208,141,234" alt="Order" title="Order" /><area href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" shape="rect" coords="63,247,141,273" alt="Family" title="Family" /><area href="/wiki/Genus" shape="rect" coords="63,287,141,313" alt="Genus" title="Genus" /><area href="/wiki/Species" shape="rect" coords="63,326,141,353" alt="Species" title="Species" /></map><figcaption>The hierarchy of <a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological classification">biological classification</a>'s eight major <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomic rank">taxonomic ranks</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Biological_classification/core&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Biological classification/core (hindi pa naisusulat)">Padron:Biological classification/core</a> Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang maraming mga pangyayaring <a href="/wiki/Espesiasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Espesiasyon">espesiasyon</a> ay lumilikha ng isang puno may istrukturang sistema ng mga relasyon sa pagitan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye">espesye</a>. Ang papel ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematika (hindi pa naisusulat)">systematika</a> ay pag-aralan ang mga ugnayang ito at mga pagkakaiba at pagkakatulad sa pagitan ng mga species at mga pangkat ng species.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang klasipikasyon na <a href="/wiki/Taksonomiya" title="Taksonomiya">taksonomiya</a> at nomenklatura ng mga organismo ay pinanganagsiwaan ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Botanical Nomenclature</a></i>, at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Bacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria</a></i> para sa mga respektibong mga hayop, mga halaman at bakterya. Ang klasipikasyon ng mga <a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus">virus</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viroid (hindi pa naisusulat)">viroid</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prion (hindi pa naisusulat)">prion</a> at lahat ng iba pang mga sub-viral na ahente na nagpapakita ng mga katangiang biolohikal ay isinasagawa ng <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Virus classification and nomenclature</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gayunpmana, ang ilang mga sistema ng klasipikasyon ng virus ay umiiral din. Tradisyonal na ang mga nabubuhay na organismo ay hinahati sa limang mga kaharian: ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Monera</a>; <a href="/wiki/Protist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protist">Protista</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungus">Fungi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">Plantae</a>; at <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gayunpaman, ang klasipikasyong ito ng limang kaharian ay wala na sa panahon. Ang modernong alternatibong mga sistema ng klasipikasyon ay nagsisimula sa <a href="/wiki/Sistemang_tatlong_dominyo" title="Sistemang tatlong dominyo">sistemang tatlong dominyo</a>: ang <a href="/wiki/Archaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> (orihinal Archaebacteria); <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">Bacteria</a> (orihinal na Eubacteria); <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> (kabilang ang mga <a href="/wiki/Protist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protist">protist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halaman" title="Halaman">halaman</a>, at mga <a href="/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop">hayop</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-domain_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domain-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga sakop na ito ay sumasalamin kung ang mga sihay ay may nukleyo o wala gayundin sa mga pagkakaiba sa komposisyong kimikal ng mga panlabas ng sihay.<sup id="cite_ref-domain_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domain-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa karagdagan, ang bawat kaharian ay nahahati pang paulit ulit hanggang ang bawat species ay hiwalay na nauuri. Ang pagkakasunod ay: <a href="/wiki/Dominyo_(biyolohiya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominyo (biyolohiya)">dominyo</a>(<i>domain</i>), <a href="/wiki/Kaharian" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaharian">kaharian</a>(<i>kingdom</i>), <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klase" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Klase">klase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orden" class="mw-disambig" title="Orden">orden</a>(order), <a href="/wiki/Pamilya_(biyolohiya)" title="Pamilya (biyolohiya)">pamilya</a> (<i>family</i>), <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>(<i>genus</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye">espesye</a>. </p><p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangalang_siyentipiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangalang siyentipiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangalang siyentipiko</a> ng isang organismo ay nalilikha mula sa henus at species nito. Halimbawa, ang mga tao ay itinatala bilang mga <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>. Ang <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> ang henus at ang <i>sapiens</i> ang species.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang nananaig na sistema ng klasipikasyon ay tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean taxonomy</a>. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng mga ranggo at <a href="/wiki/Nomenklaturang_binomial" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomenklaturang binomial">nomenklaturang binomial</a>. Kung paanong pinapangalanan ang mga organismo ay pinangangasiwaan ng mga kasunduang internasyonal gaya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Botanical Nomenclature</a> (ICBN), <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN), at <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Bacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria</a> (ICNB). Ang isang nagsasanib na drapktong <a href="/w/index.php?title=BioCode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BioCode (hindi pa naisusulat)">BioCode</a> ay inilimbag noong 1997 bilang pagtatangka na gawing pamantayan ang nomenklatura sa mga tatlong saklaw na ito ngunit hindi pa pormal na kinukuha.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang draptong BioCode ay nakatanggap ng kaunting pansin simula 1997. Ang orihinal na pinlanong pagpapatupad nito noong 1 Enero 2000 ay lumipas ng hindi napansin. Ang isang binagong BioCode na iminungkahi noong 2011 na sa halip ay magpapalit ng mga umiiral na kodigo ay magbibigay ng isang nagkakaisang konteksto para dito.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tinanggihang isaalang-alang ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Botanical_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Botanical Congress (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Botanical Congress</a> ang mungkahing BioCode noong 2011. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virus classification (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature</a> (ICVCN) ay nananatiling nasa labas ng BioCode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henetika">Henetika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Henetika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Henetika"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:DNA_chemical_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/DNA_chemical_structure.svg/220px-DNA_chemical_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/DNA_chemical_structure.svg/330px-DNA_chemical_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/DNA_chemical_structure.svg/440px-DNA_chemical_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>Ang istrukturang molekular ng <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>. Ang mga base ay nagpapares sa pamamagitan ng kaayusan ng kawing ng hidroheno sa pagitan ng mga strand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg/220px-Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg/330px-Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg/440px-Portulaca_grandiflora_mutant1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Ang isang <a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mutasyon</a> ay nagsanhi sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moss_rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moss rose (hindi pa naisusulat)">moss rose</a> na ito na lumikha ng mga bulaklak na may iba't ibang mga kulay.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene">gene</a> ang mga pangunahing unit ng pagmamana sa lahat ng mga organismo. Ito ay tumutugma sa isang rehiyon ng <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> na nag-iimpluwensiya ng anyo o tungkulin ng isang organismo sa mga spesipikong paraan. Ang lahat ng mga organismo mula <a href="/wiki/Bakterya" title="Bakterya">bakterya</a> hanggang sa mga hayop ay nagsasalo ng parehong makinarya na kumokopya at nagsasalin ng DNA sa mga protina. Ang mga sihay ay nagtatranskriba ng isang DNA gene tungo sa isang bersiyong <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> ng gene at pagkatapos ang isang <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a> ay nagsasalin ng RNA sa protina na isang sekwensiya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Asidong_amino" title="Asidong amino">asidong amino</a>. Ang nagsasaling kodigo mula sa RNA codon tungo sa asidong amino ay pareho para sa karamihan ng mga organismo ngunit kaunting iba para sa iba. Halimbawa, ang isang sekwensiay ng DNA na nagkokodigo para sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insulin (hindi pa naisusulat)">insulin</a> sa mga tao ay nagkokodigo ng insulin kapag ipinasok sa ibang mga organismo gaya ng mga halaman.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga DNA ay karaniwang nangyayari bilang mga linyar na <a href="/wiki/Kromosoma" title="Kromosoma">kromosoma</a> sa mga <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryote">eukaryote</a> at ang mga sirkular na kromosoma sa mga <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a>. Ang isang kromosoma ay isang organisadong istruktura na binubuo ng DNA at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Histone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histone (hindi pa naisusulat)">histone</a>. Ang hanay ng mga kromosoma sa isang sihay o ibang mga lokasyon ay sama samang tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>. Sa mga eukaryote, ang genomic DNA ay matatagpuan sa <a href="/wiki/Nukleyo_ng_selula" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleyo ng selula">nukleyo ng sihay</a> kasama ng maliliit na mga halaga sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondria</a> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloroplast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloroplast (hindi pa naisusulat)">chloroplast</a>. Sa mga prokaryote, ang DNA ay matatagpuan sa loob ng isang hindi regular na hugis na katawan sa cytoplasm na tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleoid (hindi pa naisusulat)">nucleoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang impormasyong henetiko sa isang genome ay nasa loob ng mga gene at ang kumpletong pagbuo ng impormasyong ito sa isang organismo ay tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Genotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Genotype">genotype</a> nito.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang lahat ng nabubuhay na organismo ay nagpapakita ng bariasyon o pagkakaiba sa loob ng isang populasyon at sa pagitan ng mga populasyon. Ang bariasyong henetiko ay mahalaga dahil nagbibigay ito ng materyal na henetiko para sa <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>. Ang mga pagkakaibang henetiko sa loob ng populasyon ay sanhi ng mga sumusunod: ang <a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mutasyon</a> na mga pagbabago sa <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagdaloy_ng_gene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagdaloy ng gene (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagdaloy ng gene</a> na anumang pagkilos ng mga gene mula sa isang populasyon sa isa pang populasyon at ang <a href="/wiki/Reproduksiyong_seksuwal" title="Reproduksiyong seksuwal">reproduksiyong seksuwal</a> na makakalikha ng bagong kombinasyon ng gene mula sa mga magulang sa isang populasyon. Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mutasyon</a> ay nagbabago ng <a href="/wiki/Genotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Genotype">genotype</a> ng isang organismo. Ito ay minsang nagsasanhi para ang mga iba't ibang mga <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> ay lumitaw. Ang karamihan ng mga mutasyon ay may kaunting epekto sa phenotype, kalusugan o kaangkupang pagpaparami ng organismo. Ang mga mutaysong may epekto ay karaniwang nakakapinsala ngunit minsang mapapakinabangan. Ang mga pag-aaral sa langaw na <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i> ay nagmumungkahing kung ang mutasyon ay nagbabago ng isang protinang nilikha ng isang gene, ang mga 70 porsiyento ng mga mutasyong ito ay mapanganib na ang mga natirira ay neutral o mapapakinabangan.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang <a href="/wiki/Henetikang_pangpopulasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Henetikang pangpopulasyon">henetikang pangpopulasyon</a> ay nag-aaral ng distribusyon ng mga pagkakaibang henetiko sa loob ng mga populasyon at kung paanong ang mga distribusyong ito ay nagbabago sa paglipas ng panahon.<sup id="cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3842_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffiths2000sect3842-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga pagbabago sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prekwensiya_ng_allele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prekwensiya ng allele (hindi pa naisusulat)">prekwensiya ng allele</a> sa isang populasyon ay pangunahing naiimpluwensiyahan ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> kung saan ang isang allele ay nagbibigay ng kapakinabangang pagpili o pagpaparami sa organismo<sup id="cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3886_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffiths2000sect3886-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gayundin ang ibang mga paktor gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mutasyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic drift">genetic drift</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic_hitchhiking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic hitchhiking (hindi pa naisusulat)">genetic draft</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Artipisyal_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Artipisyal na seleksiyon">artipisyal na seleksiyon</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_flow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene flow (hindi pa naisusulat)">migrasyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3906_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffiths2000sect3906-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa paglipas ng maraming mga henerasyon, ang mga <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> ng mga organismo ay malaking nagbabago na nagreresulta sa phenomenon ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>. Ang pagpili ng mga mapapakinabangang <a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">mutasyon</a> ay nagsasanhi sa isang species na mag-ebolb sa mga anyong mas mahusay na makakaangkop sa kanilang kapaligiran na isang prosesong tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">pag-aangkop</a>(<i>adaptation</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Darwin_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darwin-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga bagong species ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng proseso ng <a href="/wiki/Speciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Speciation">speciation</a> na kadalasang sanhi ng mga paghihiwalay sa heograpiya na nagpipigil sa mga populasyon na magpalit ng mga gene sa bawat isa.<sup id="cite_ref-Gavrilets_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gavrilets-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Homeostasis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Homeostasis"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a> ang kakayahan ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukas_na_sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukas na sistema (hindi pa naisusulat)">bukas na sistema</a> na magregula ng panloob na kapaligiran nito upang panatilihin ang matatag na mga kondisyon sa pamamagitan ng mga maraming dinamikang ekwilibriyum na mga pagsasaayos na kinokontrol ng mga magkakaugnay na mga mekanismo ng regulasyon. Ang lahat ng mga organismo kahit pa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniselular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uniselular (hindi pa naisusulat)">unisihayr</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiselular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiselular (hindi pa naisusulat)">multisihayr</a> ay nagpapakita ng homeostasis.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upang panatilihin ang dinamikang ekwilibriyum at epektibong isagawa ang ilang mga tungkulin, ang isang sistema ay dapat makadetekta at tumugon sa mga pertubasyon. Pagkatapos ng deteksiyon ng isang perturbasyon, ang sistemang biolohikal ay normal na tumutugon sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negatibong_feedback&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negatibong feedback (hindi pa naisusulat)">negatibong feedback</a>. Ito ay nangangahuluan ng pagpapatatag ng mga kondisyon sa pamamagitan ng pagbabawas o pagtataas ng aktibidad ng organo o sistema. Ang isang halimbawa nito ang paglalabas ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glucagon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glucagon (hindi pa naisusulat)">glucagon</a> kapag ang mga lebel ng asukal ay labis na mababa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerhiya">Enerhiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Enerhiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Enerhiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang pagpapatuloy na mabuhay ng organismong buhay ay nakasalalay sa patuloy na pagpasok o pagkuha nito ng enerhiya. Ang mga reaksiyong kimikal na responsable para sa istruktura nito at tungkulin ay isinasaayos upang kumukha ng enerhiya mula sa mga substansiya na nagsisilbi nitong pagkain at binabago ang mga ito upang makatulong na bumuo ng mga bagong sihay at tustusan ang mga ito. Sa prosesong ito, ang mga molekula ng mga substansiyang kimikal na bumubuo ng pagkain ay gumagampan ng dalawang mga papel: una ay naglalaman ito ng enerhiya na mababago para sa mga biyolohikal na <a href="/wiki/Reaksiyong_kimikal" title="Reaksiyong kimikal">reaksiyong kimikal</a>, ikalawa, ang mga ito ay bumubuo ng mga bagong istrukturang molekular na binubuo ng mga biyomolekula. Ang mga organismong responsable para sa pagpapakilala ng enerhiya sa isang ekosistema ay kilala bilang mga prodyuser o mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autotroph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autotroph (hindi pa naisusulat)">autotroph</a>. Ang halos lahat ng mga organismong ito ay orihinal na kumukuha ng enerhiya mula sa araw.<sup id="cite_ref-bryantfrigaard_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryantfrigaard-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga halaman at ibang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phototroph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phototroph (hindi pa naisusulat)">phototroph</a> ay gumagamit ng enerhiya mula sa araw sa pamamagitan ng prosesong kilala bilang <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a> upang ikomberte ang mga hilaw na materyal tungo sa mga organikong molekula gaya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine triphosphate (hindi pa naisusulat)">ATP</a> na ang mga kawing ay masisira upang maglabas ng enerhiya.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gayunpaman, ang ilang mga ekosistema ay buong nakasalalay sa enerhiyang hinahango ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemotroph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemotroph (hindi pa naisusulat)">chemotroph</a> mula sa mga <a href="/wiki/Methane" class="mw-redirect" title="Methane">methane</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfides (hindi pa naisusulat)">sulfides</a> o iba pang mga pinagkukunang enerhiyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar energy (hindi pa naisusulat)">luminal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ilang mga nabibihag na enerhiya ay ginagamit upang lumikha ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyomasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyomasa (hindi pa naisusulat)">biyomasa</a> upang tustusan ang buhay at magbigay ng enerhiya para sa paglago at pag-unlad. Ang karamihan ng natitira ng enerhiyang ito ay nawawala bilang mga init at mga itinatapong molekula. Ang pinakamahalgang mga proseso sa pagkokomberte ng enerhiya na nabihag sa mga substansiyang kimikal tungo sa enerhiayng magagamit upang tustusan ang buhay ang <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Respirasyong_pangselula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Respirasyong pangselula (hindi pa naisusulat)">respirasyong pangsihay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Colvard,_2009_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colvard,_2009-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sangay">Mga sangay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sangay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sangay"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pisyolohiya">Pisyolohiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pisyolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Pisyolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <b>pisyolohiya</b> (Ingles: <i>physiology</i>) ay ang pag-aaral ng galaw at tungkulin ng bawat bahagi ng pangangatawan. Ito ay sangay ng biyolohiya (<i>biology</i>). Kadalasan itong pinag-aaralan kasabay ng <a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">anatomiya</a> na siya namang pag-aaral hinggil sa bahagi ng pangangatawan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biyolohiyang_molekular">Biyolohiyang molekular</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Biyolohiyang molekular" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Biyolohiyang molekular"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <b>biyolohiyang molekular</b> o <b>biyolohiyang pangmolekula</b> ay ang pag-aaral ng <a class="mw-selflink selflink">biyolohiya</a> sa antas na <a href="/wiki/Molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekular">molekular</a>. Nasasaklawan ng larangang ito ang ibang mga lugar ng biyolohiya at <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a>, partikular na ang <a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya_ng_selula" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiya ng selula">biyolohiya ng selula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henetika" title="Henetika">henetika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biyopisika" title="Biyopisika">biyopisika</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Biyokimika" title="Biyokimika">biyokimika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pangunahing nakatuon ang biyolohiiyang molekular sa pag-unawa ng interaksiyon sa pagitan ng samu't saring mga sistema ng isang <a href="/wiki/Sihay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihay">sihay</a>, kasama ang interelasyon ng <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> at biyosintesis ng protina, at pagkatuto kung paano kinokontrol o tinatabanan ang ganitong mga interaksiyon. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Branches_of_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Branches of biology (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Branches_of_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Branches of biology (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Branches_of_biology&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_sangay_ng_Biyolohiya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga sangay ng Biyolohiya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobiology">Aerobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrostology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrostology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Agrostology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteriology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteriology">Bacteriology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biogeography (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biogeography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biogeology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biogeology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biohistory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biohistory (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological engineering (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biological engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomechanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biophysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosemiotics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosemiotics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biosemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Biostatistics">Biostatistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" class="mw-redirect" title="Botany">Botany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell biology">Cell biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellular_microbiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellular microbiology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cellular microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chemical biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronobiology">Chronobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cognitive_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cognitive biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cognitive biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Computational_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computational biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Computational biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservation biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Conservation biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryobiology">Cryobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytogenetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytogenetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cytogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendrology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendrology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Developmental_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Developmental biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Developmental biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_genetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological genetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ecological genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryology" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryology">Embryology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epigenetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epigenetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freshwater_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freshwater biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Freshwater biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genomics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genomics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geobiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geobiology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerontology">Gerontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpetology">Herpetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histology" class="mw-redirect" title="Histology">Histology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Human biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyology">Ichthyology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immunology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immunology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipidology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipidology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lipidology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammalogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalogy">Mammalogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_and_theoretical_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical and theoretical biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mathematical biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular biology">Molecular biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycology">Mycology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neontology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neontology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Neontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osteology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osteology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Osteology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasitology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parasitology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parasitology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photobiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photobiology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Photobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" class="mw-redirect" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiology">Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pomology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" class="mw-redirect" title="Primatology">Primatology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteomics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteomics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proteomics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protistology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protistology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Protistology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantum_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantum biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Quantum biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reproductive_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reproductive biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Reproductive biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociobiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociobiology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sociobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Structural biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Structural biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Synthetic biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Systems biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teratology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Teratology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxicology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virology" class="mw-redirect" title="Virology">Virology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virophysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virophysics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Virophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenobiology">Xenobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoology" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">History of biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of biology and organic chemistry (hindi pa naisusulat)">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeriya">Galeriya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Galeriya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Galeriya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus"><img alt="Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/120px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/180px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg/240px-Guriezo_Adino_vaca_toro_terneras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Planta - Triticum"><img alt="Planta - Triticum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/80px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/120px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg/160px-Zbo%C5%BCe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="4286" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Planta - Triticum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fungi - Morchella esculenta"><img alt="Fungi - Morchella esculenta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/90px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/135px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg/180px-Morchella_esculenta_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fungi - Morchella esculenta</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Fucus_serratus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus"><img alt="Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/120px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/180px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Fucus_serratus2.jpg/240px-Fucus_serratus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)"><img alt="Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/120px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/180px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg/240px-Gemmatimonas_aurantiaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Halobacteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archaea - Halobacteria"><img alt="Archaea - Halobacteria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/120px-Halobacteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/180px-Halobacteria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/240px-Halobacteria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Archaea - Halobacteria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gamma_phage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Virus - Gamma phage"><img alt="Virus - Gamma phage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/88px-Gamma_phage.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/132px-Gamma_phage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gamma_phage.png/175px-Gamma_phage.png 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virus - Gamma phage</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanggunian">Sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727182113/http://community.weber.edu/sciencemuseum/pages/life_main.asp">"Life Science, Weber State Museum of Natural Science"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.weber.edu/sciencemuseum/pages/life_main.asp">orihinal</a> noong 2013-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+Science%2C+Weber+State+Museum+of+Natural+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.weber.edu%2Fsciencemuseum%2Fpages%2Flife_main.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFdel_Rosario1969" class="citation book cs1">del Rosario, Gonsalo (1969). <i>Maugnaying Talasalitaang Pang-agham Ingles-Pilipino</i>. Maynila: Lupon sa Agham. p. 183.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maugnaying+Talasalitaang+Pang-agham+Ingles-Pilipino&rft.place=Maynila&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Lupon+sa+Agham&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=del+Rosario&rft.aufirst=Gonsalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMazzarello,_P1999" class="citation journal cs1">Mazzarello, P (1999). "A unifying concept: the history of cell theory". <i>Nature Cell Biology</i>. <b>1</b> (1): E13–E15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F8964">10.1038/8964</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1465-7392">1465-7392</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10559875">10559875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=A+unifying+concept%3A+the+history+of+cell+theory&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=E13-E15&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=1465-7392&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10559875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F8964&rft.au=Mazzarello%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Duve,_Christian2002" class="citation book cs1">De Duve, Christian (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeevolvingmole0000dedu_i5p0"><i>Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeevolvingmole0000dedu_i5p0/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-19-515605-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-19-515605-6"><bdi>0-19-515605-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Evolving%3A+Molecules%2C+Mind%2C+and+Meaning&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-515605-6&rft.au=De+Duve%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeevolvingmole0000dedu_i5p0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Futuyma-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Futuyma_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFutuyma,_DJ2005" class="citation book cs1">Futuyma, DJ (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolution0000futu"><i>Evolution</i></a>. Sinauer Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-87893-187-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-87893-187-3"><bdi>978-0-87893-187-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57311264%2057638368%2062621622">57311264 57638368 62621622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87893-187-3&rft.au=Futuyma%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolution0000futu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_oclc" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species, 1st, John Murray</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GGS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GGS_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Gaylord_Simpson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Gaylord Simpson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Simpson, George Gaylord</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meaningofevoluti0000simp_w2q4"><i>The Meaning of Evolution</i></a> (ika-Second (na) edisyon). Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-300-00952-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-300-00952-6"><bdi>0-300-00952-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Evolution&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-300-00952-6&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=George+Gaylord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeaningofevoluti0000simp_w2q4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224700/http://www.bio-medicine.org/q-more/biology-definition/phylogeny/">"Phylogeny on bio-medicine.org"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio-medicine.org/q-more/biology-definition/phylogeny/">orihinal</a> noong 2013-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phylogeny+on+bio-medicine.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bio-medicine.org%2Fq-more%2Fbiology-definition%2Fphylogeny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFNeill1996" class="citation book cs1">Neill, Campbell (1996). <i>Biology; Fourth edition</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Benjamin/Cummings_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company</a>. p. G-21 (Glossary). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8053-1940-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8053-1940-9"><bdi>0-8053-1940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%3B+Fourth+edition&rft.pages=G-21+%28Glossary%29&rft.pub=The+Benjamin%2FCummings+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8053-1940-9&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp">ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_pospi.htm">"80.001 Popsiviroidae – ICTVdB Index of Viruses."</a> (Website.) U.S. National Institutes of Health website. Retrieved on 2009-10-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_prion.htm">"90. Prions – ICTVdB Index of Viruses."</a> (Website.) U.S. National Institutes of Health website. Retrieved on 2009-10-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_satel.htm">"81. Satellites – ICTVdB Index of Viruses."</a> (Website.) U.S. National Institutes of Health website. Retrieved on 2009-10-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMargulisSchwartz,_KV1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynn_Margulis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynn Margulis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Margulis, L</a>; Schwartz, KV (1997). <i>Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth</i> (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). WH Freeman & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-7167-3183-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-7167-3183-2"><bdi>978-0-7167-3183-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223623098%20237138975">223623098 237138975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Kingdoms%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+Phyla+of+Life+on+Earth&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=WH+Freeman+%26+Co&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-3183-2&rft.aulast=Margulis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+KV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_oclc" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-domain-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-domain_15-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-domain_15-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWoese_C,_Kandler_O,_Wheelis_M1990" class="citation journal cs1">Woese C, Kandler O, Wheelis M (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627233102/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576">"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"</a>. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</i>. <b>87</b> (12): 4576–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.4576W">1990PNAS...87.4576W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576">10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159">54159</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2112744">2112744</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576">orihinal</a> noong 2008-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+USA&rft.atitle=Towards+a+natural+system+of+organisms%3A+proposal+for+the+domains+Archaea%2C+Bacteria%2C+and+Eucarya&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4576-9&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54159%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2112744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PNAS...87.4576W&rft.au=Woese+C%2C+Kandler+O%2C+Wheelis+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F87%2F12%2F4576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHeather_Silyn-Roberts2000" class="citation book cs1">Heather Silyn-Roberts (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=hVUU7Gq8QskC&lpg=PA198&dq=species%20epithet%20capitalize&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q=species%20epithet%20capitalize"><i>Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentation</i></a>. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7506-4636-5" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7506-4636-5"><bdi>0-7506-4636-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+for+Science+and+Engineering%3A+Papers%2C+Presentation&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7506-4636-5&rft.au=Heather+Silyn-Roberts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DhVUU7Gq8QskC%26lpg%3DPA198%26dq%3Dspecies%2520epithet%2520capitalize%26pg%3DPA198%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dspecies%2520epithet%2520capitalize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/frameset/0065Ch7OaGoNSec1a60.htm#recF">"Recommendation 60F"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Code of Botanical Nomenclature</a>, Vienna Code</i>. 2006. pp. 60F.1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Code+of+Botanical+Nomenclature%2C+Vienna+Code&rft.atitle=Recommendation+60F&rft.pages=60F.1&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibot.sav.sk%2Ficbn%2Fframeset%2F0065Ch7OaGoNSec1a60.htm%23recF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_McNeill1996" class="citation conference cs1">John McNeill (1996-11-04). "The BioCode: Integrated biological nomenclature for the 21st century?". <i>Proceedings of a Mini-Symposium on Biological Nomenclature in the 21st Century</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+BioCode%3A+Integrated+biological+nomenclature+for+the+21st+century%3F&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+a+Mini-Symposium+on+Biological+Nomenclature+in+the+21st+Century&rft.date=1996-11-04&rft.au=John+McNeill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_conference" title="Padron:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|booktitle=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|book-title=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bionomenclature.net/index.html">"The Draft BioCode (2011)"</a>. International Committee on Bionomenclature (ICB).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Draft+BioCode+%282011%29&rft.pub=International+Committee+on+Bionomenclature+%28ICB%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bionomenclature.net%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2011/00000060/00000001/art00019">[1]</a> Greuter, W.; Garrity, G.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Jahn, R.; Kirk, P.M.; Knapp, S.; McNeill, J.; Michel, E.; Patterson, D.J.; Pyle, R.; Tindall, B.J. (2011). Draft BioCode (2011): Principles and rules regulating the naming of organisms. <i>Taxon</i>. 60: 201-212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2011/00000060/00000001/art00018">[2]</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://iczn.org/content/introducing-draft-biocode-2011">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124948/http://iczn.org/content/introducing-draft-biocode-2011">Naka-arkibo</a> 2017-07-13 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Hawksworth, D.L. (2011). Introducing the Draft BioCode (2011). <i>Taxon</i>. 60(1): 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_33/b4046083.htm">From SemBiosys, A New Kind Of Insulin</a> INSIDE WALL STREET By Gene G. Marcial(AUGUST 13, 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThanbichler_M,_Wang_S,_Shapiro_L2005" class="citation journal cs1">Thanbichler M, Wang S, Shapiro L (2005). "The bacterial nucleoid: a highly organized and dynamic structure". <i>J Cell Biochem</i>. <b>96</b> (3): 506–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcb.20519">10.1002/jcb.20519</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15988757">15988757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Cell+Biochem&rft.atitle=The+bacterial+nucleoid%3A+a+highly+organized+and+dynamic+structure&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=506-21&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjcb.20519&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15988757&rft.au=Thanbichler+M%2C+Wang+S%2C+Shapiro+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054803/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8472">"Genotype definition – Medical Dictionary definitions"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8472">orihinal</a> noong 2013-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genotype+definition+%E2%80%93+Medical+Dictionary+definitions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medterms.com%2Fscript%2Fmain%2Fart.asp%3Farticlekey%3D8472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSawyerParschZhangHartl2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sawyer, SA; Parsch, J; Zhang, Z; Hartl, DL (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1871816">"Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>104</b> (16): 6504–10. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..104.6504S">2007PNAS..104.6504S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0701572104">10.1073/pnas.0701572104</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1871816">1871816</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17409186">17409186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+positive+selection+among+nearly+neutral+amino+acid+replacements+in+Drosophila&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=6504-10&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1871816%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17409186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0701572104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..104.6504S&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Parsch%2C+J&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Z&rft.au=Hartl%2C+DL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1871816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffiths2000sect3842-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3842_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsMillerSuzukiLewontin2000" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, William M.; Miller, Jeffrey H.; Suzuki, David T.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, mga pat. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3842">"Variation and its modulation"</a>. <i>An Introduction to Genetic Analysis</i> (ika-7th (na) edisyon). New York: W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7167-3520-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7167-3520-2"><bdi>0-7167-3520-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Variation+and+its+modulation&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Genetic+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7167-3520-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2Fbv.fcgi%3Frid%3Diga.section.3842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|editor1-first=</code> at <code class="cs1-code">|editor-first=</code> specified (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|chapter-url=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffiths2000sect3886-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3886_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsMillerSuzukiLewontin2000" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, William M.; Miller, Jeffrey H.; Suzuki, David T.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, mga pat. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3886">"Selection"</a>. <i>An Introduction to Genetic Analysis</i> (ika-7th (na) edisyon). New York: W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7167-3520-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7167-3520-2"><bdi>0-7167-3520-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Selection&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Genetic+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7167-3520-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2Fbv.fcgi%3Frid%3Diga.section.3886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|editor1-first=</code> at <code class="cs1-code">|editor-first=</code> specified (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|chapter-url=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2001" class="citation journal cs1">Gillespie, John H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_2001-11_55_11/page/2161">"Is the population size of a species relevant to its evolution?"</a>. <i>Evolution</i>. <b>55</b> (11): 2161–2169. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11794777">11794777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Is+the+population+size+of+a+species+relevant+to+its+evolution%3F&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2161-2169&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11794777&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_evolution_2001-11_55_11%2Fpage%2F2161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffiths2000sect3906-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-griffiths2000sect3906_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsMillerSuzukiLewontin2000" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, William M.; Miller, Jeffrey H.; Suzuki, David T.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, mga pat. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3906">"Random events"</a>. <i>An Introduction to Genetic Analysis</i> (ika-7th (na) edisyon). New York: W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7167-3520-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7167-3520-2"><bdi>0-7167-3520-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Random+events&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Genetic+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7167-3520-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2Fbv.fcgi%3Frid%3Diga.section.3906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|editor1-first=</code> at <code class="cs1-code">|editor-first=</code> specified (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|chapter-url=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darwin-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Darwin_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, Charles</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=16"><i>On the Origin of Species</i></a> (ika-1st (na) edisyon). London: John Murray. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8014-1319-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8014-1319-2"><bdi>0-8014-1319-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+Species&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1859&rft.isbn=0-8014-1319-2&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF373%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> Related earlier ideas were acknowledged in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, Charles</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F381&viewtype=text&pageseq=20"><i>On the Origin of Species</i></a> (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). London: John Murray. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8014-1319-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8014-1319-2"><bdi>0-8014-1319-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+Species&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xiii&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1861&rft.isbn=0-8014-1319-2&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF381%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|nopp=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|no-pp=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gavrilets-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gavrilets_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilets2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gavrilets, S (2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". <i>Evolution; international journal of organic evolution</i>. <b>57</b> (10): 2197–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1554%2F02-727">10.1554/02-727</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14628909">14628909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3B+international+journal+of+organic+evolution&rft.atitle=Perspective%3A+models+of+speciation%3A+what+have+we+learned+in+40+years%3F&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2197-215&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1554%2F02-727&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14628909&rft.aulast=Gavrilets&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelvin Rodolfo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-homeostasis">Explanation of Homeostasis on scientificamerican.com</a>. Retrieved 16 Oktubre 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bryantfrigaard-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bryantfrigaard_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFD.A._Bryant_&_N.-U._Frigaard2006" class="citation journal cs1">D.A. Bryant & N.-U. Frigaard (2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated". <i>Trends Microbiol</i>. <b>14</b> (11): 488–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tim.2006.09.001">10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997562">16997562</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+Microbiol&rft.atitle=Prokaryotic+photosynthesis+and+phototrophy+illuminated&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=488-96&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tim.2006.09.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16997562&rft.au=D.A.+Bryant+%26+N.-U.+Frigaard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_A._L.1997" class="citation book cs1">Smith, A. L. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_e9s4"><i>Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology</i></a>. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_e9s4/page/508">508</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-19-854768-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-19-854768-4"><bdi>0-19-854768-4</bdi></a>. <q>Photosynthesis – the synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than the oxidation of chemical compounds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+dictionary+of+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.place=Oxford+%5BOxfordshire%5D&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-854768-4&rft.au=Smith%2C+A.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary0000unse_e9s4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Katrina Edwards. <i>Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold,</i> Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank<i>. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_Neil_A._and_Reece_Jane_B2001" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Neil A. and Reece Jane B (2001). "6". <i>Biology</i>. Benjamin Cummings. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-8053-6624-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-8053-6624-2"><bdi>978-0-8053-6624-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47521441%2048195194%2053439122%2055707478%2064759228%2079136407">47521441 48195194 53439122 55707478 64759228 79136407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6&rft.btitle=Biology&rft.pub=Benjamin+Cummings&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-6624-2&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Neil+A.+and+Reece+Jane+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABiyolohiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> value (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_oclc" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|accessyear=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colvard,_2009-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Colvard,_2009_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartsch/Colvard, <i>The Living Environment</i>. (2009) New York State Prentice Hall Regents Review. Retrieved 16 Oktubre 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberts B. Johnson A. Lewis J. Raff M. Roberts K. Walter P. 2008. <i>Molecular biology of the cell</i>, ika-5 edisyon. Garland. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0815332181" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8153-3218-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodish H. Berk A. Matsudaira P. Kaiser C.A. Krieger M. Scott M.P. Zipurksy S.L. Darnell J. 2004. <i>Molecular cell biology</i>, ika-5 edisyon, Freeman, NY.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biyolohiya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Biology_nav" title="Padron:Biology nav"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Biology_nav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Biology nav (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Biology_nav&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biyolohiya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biyolohiya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Mga subdisiplina ng biyolohiya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">Anatomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiyolohiya" title="Astrobiyolohiya">Astrobiyolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyokimika" title="Biyokimika">Biyokimika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyoheograpiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyoheograpiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyoheograpiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyomekanika" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyomekanika">Biyomekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyopisika" title="Biyopisika">Biyopisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyoimpormatika" title="Biyoimpormatika">Biyoimpormatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyoestadistika" title="Biyoestadistika">Biyoestadistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Botaniya">Botaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiya_ng_selula" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiya ng selula">Biyolohiya ng selula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobiyolohiyang_pang-selula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobiyolohiyang pang-selula (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mikrobiyolohiyang pang-selula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_kimikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang kimikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang kimikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronobiyolohiya" title="Kronobiyolohiya">Kronobiyolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_komputasyonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang komputasyonal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang komputasyonal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_konserbasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang konserbasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang konserbasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_pang-pag-unlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang pang-pag-unlad (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang pang-pag-unlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya">Ekolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiolohiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiolohiya">Epidemiolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epihenetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epihenetika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epihenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">Biyolohiyang ebolusyonaryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henetika" title="Henetika">Henetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henomika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henomika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henomika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histolohiya" title="Histolohiya">Histolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiyang_pantao" title="Biyolohiyang pantao">Biyolohiyang pantao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immunolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immunolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Immunolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipidolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipidolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lipidolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang marino (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_and_theoretical_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical and theoretical biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang matematikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiyolohiya" title="Mikrobiyolohiya">Mikrobiyolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiyang_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiyang molekular">Biyolohiyang molekular</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mycolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanobioteknolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanobioteknolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nanobioteknolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosiyensiya" title="Neurosiyensiya">Neurosiyensiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrisyon" title="Nutrisyon">Nutrisyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiogenesis">Pinagmulan ng buhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pag-uuring_pambiyolohiya" title="Pag-uuring pambiyolohiya">Pag-uuring pambiyolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontolohiya" title="Paleontolohiya">Paleontolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasitolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parasitolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parasitolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patolohiya" title="Patolohiya">Patolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmakolohiya" title="Parmakolohiya">Parmakolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiolohiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisiolohiya">Pisiolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_kwantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang kwantum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang kwantum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistematika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistematika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang sistema (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang sistema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toksikolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toksikolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Toksikolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoolohiya" title="Zoolohiya">Zoolohiya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological_organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological organisation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hierarka ng buhay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Biospero" class="mw-redirect" title="Biospero">Biospero</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">Ekosistema</a> > <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biocoenosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biocoenosis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Community (Biocoenosis)</a> > <a href="/wiki/Populasyon" title="Populasyon">Populasyon</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">Organismo</a> > <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological system (hindi pa naisusulat)">Organ system</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organo_(anatomiya)" title="Organo (anatomiya)">Organo</a> > <a href="/wiki/Tisyu" title="Tisyu">Tisyu</a> > <a href="/wiki/Selula" title="Selula">Selula</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organulo" title="Organulo">Organulo</a> <span class="nowrap">> <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">Molekula</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macromolecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macromolecule (hindi pa naisusulat)">Macromolecule</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomolecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomolecule (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biomolecule</a>)</span> > <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">Atomo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mga pundasyon ng Biyolohiya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teoriya_ng_selula" title="Teoriya ng selula">Teoriya ng selula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya">Ekolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enerhiya" title="Enerhiya">Pagbabago ng enerhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">Ebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henetika" title="Henetika">Henetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_sintetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang sintetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohiyang sintetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomiya" title="Taksonomiya">Taksonomiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">Mga prinsipyo ng ebolusyon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">Pag-aangkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic drift">Genetic drift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagdaloy_ng_Gene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagdaloy ng Gene (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagdaloy ng Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makroebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Makroebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mikroebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">Mutasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">Natural na seleksiyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espesyasyon" title="Espesyasyon">Espesyasyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya">Mga prinsipyo ng ekolohiya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biyodibersidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyodibersidad">Biyodibersidad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksiyong_biyolohikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksiyong biyolohikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Interaksiyong biyolohikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekolohiyang_pamayanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekolohiyang pamayanan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pamayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekolohiyang_ekosistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekolohiyang ekosistema (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ekosistema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habitat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_niche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological niche (hindi pa naisusulat)">Niche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Population_Ecology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Population Ecology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dinamika ng populasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resource_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resource (biology) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga mapagkukunan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biyolohiyang_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyolohiyang molekular">Mga prinsipyo ng Biyolohiyang Molekular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsisignal_ng_selula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsisignal ng selula (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagsisignal ng selula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolohiyang_pang-pag-unlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolohiyang pang-pag-unlad (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-unlad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epihenetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epihenetika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epihenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulasyon_ng_ekspresyon_ng_gene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulasyon ng ekspresyon ng gene (hindi pa naisusulat)">Regulasyon ng gene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiosis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitosis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mitosis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-transkripsiyonal_na_modipikasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-transkripsiyonal na modipikasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Post-transkripsiyonal na modipikasyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biyokimika" title="Biyokimika">Mga prinsipyo ng biyokimika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mga <a href="/wiki/Karbohidrata" title="Karbohidrata">karbohidrata</a></li> <li>Mga <a href="/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido">lipido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">Metabolismo</a></li> <li>Mga <a href="/wiki/Asidong_nukleyiko" title="Asidong nukleyiko">asidong nukleyiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potosintesis" title="Potosintesis">Potosintesis</a></li> <li>Mga <a href="/wiki/Protina" title="Protina">protina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Glosaryo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_botanical_terms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of botanical terms (hindi pa naisusulat)">Terminong botanikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_ecology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of ecology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Terminong ekolohikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_plant_morphology_terms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of plant morphology terms (hindi pa naisusulat)">Terminong morpolohikal na panghalaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategorya"><img alt="Kategorya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Biyolohiya" title="Kategorya:Biyolohiya">Kategorya</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/24px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/32px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biology">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portada"><img alt="Portada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biology" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Biology">Portada</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProyekto"><img alt="WikiProyekto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biology" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Biology">WikiProyekto</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_elemento_ng_Kalikasan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Nature_nav" title="Padron:Nature nav"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Nature_nav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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