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href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13792"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cepheus-constellation/">Cepheus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13793"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cetus-constellation/">Cetus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13794"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/chamaeleon-constellation/">Chamaeleon Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13795"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13796"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/columba-constellation/">Columba Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13797"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/coma-berenices-constellation/">Coma Berenices Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13798"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-australis-constellation/">Corona Australis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13799"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13800"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corvus-constellation/">Corvus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13801"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crater-constellation/">Crater Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13802"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crux-constellation/">Crux Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13803"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cygnus-constellation/">Cygnus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13804" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13804"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/delphinus-constellation/">Delphinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13805"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/dorado-constellation/">Dorado Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13806"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13807"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/equuleus-constellation/">Equuleus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13808"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/eridanus-constellation/">Eridanus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13809"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/fornax-constellation/">Fornax Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13810"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13811"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/grus-constellation/">Grus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13812"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13813"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/horologium-constellation/">Horologium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13814"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydra-constellation/">Hydra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13815"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydrus-constellation/">Hydrus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13816" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13816"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/indus-constellation/">Indus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13826"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lacerta-constellation/">Lacerta Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13827"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-constellation/">Leo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13828"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-minor-constellation/">Leo Minor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13829"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lepus-constellation/">Lepus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13830" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13830"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/libra-constellation/">Libra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13831"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lupus-constellation/">Lupus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13832"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lynx-constellation/">Lynx Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13833"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/mensa-constellation/">Mensa Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13835"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/microscopium-constellation/">Microscopium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13836"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/monoceros-constellation/">Monoceros Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13837"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/musca-constellation/">Musca Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13838"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13839" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13839"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/octans-constellation/">Octans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13840"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13841"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13842"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pavo-constellation/">Pavo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13843"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13844"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/perseus-constellation/">Perseus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13845"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/">Phoenix Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13846"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pictor-constellation/">Pictor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13847"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pisces-constellation/">Pisces Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13848" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13848"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13849" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13849"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13850"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pyxis-constellation/">Pyxis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13851" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13851"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/reticulum-constellation/">Reticulum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13852" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13852"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagitta-constellation/">Sagitta Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13853"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13854"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13855"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sculptor-constellation/">Sculptor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13856" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13856"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scutum-constellation/">Scutum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13857"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13858"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sextans-constellation/">Sextans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13859" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13859"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13860" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13860"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/telescopium-constellation/">Telescopium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13861"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13862" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13862"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-constellation/">Triangulum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13863"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/tucana-constellation/">Tucana Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13864"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13865"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-minor-constellation/">Ursa Minor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13866"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vela-constellation/">Vela Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13867"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13868"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/volans-constellation/">Volans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13869"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vulpecula-constellation/">Vulpecula Constellation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-13817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13817"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Map</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 94" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13870"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/northern-constellations/">Northern Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13872"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/southern-constellations/">Southern Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13873"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/circumpolar-constellations/">Circumpolar Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16671"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/equatorial-constellations/">Equatorial Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13874"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/zodiac-constellations/">Zodiac Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13875"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/largest-constellations/">Largest Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13876" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13876"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/smallest-constellations/">Smallest Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-13818" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13818"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Names</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 102" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13967"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/greek-constellations/">Greek Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13819"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/constellation-families/">Constellation Families</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-17273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-17273"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Asterisms</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 105" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-17278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17278"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17283"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/little-dipper/">Little Dipper</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17285" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17285"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-belt/">Orion’s Belt</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18219"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-sword/">Orion’s Sword</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17293"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-southern-cross/">Southern Cross</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17276" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17276"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/summer-triangle/">Summer Triangle</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17284" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17284"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/northern-cross/">Northern Cross</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17491" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17491"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cassiopeias-w/">Cassiopeia’s W</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17287"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/spring-triangle/">Spring Triangle</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17280"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-diamond/">Great Diamond</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17295" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17295"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-hexagon/">Winter Hexagon</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17296"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-triangle/">Winter Triangle</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17289" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17289"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/teapot/">Teapot</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17277" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17277"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-kite/">The Kite</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17281"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-square-of-pegasus/">Great Square of Pegasus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17275"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/water-jar/">Water Jar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17279" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17279"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/false-cross/">False Cross</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17834"><a 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0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13821"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/january-constellations/">January Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13871"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/february-constellations/">February Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13880"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/march-constellations/">March Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13881"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/april-constellations/">April Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13882" 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href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cassiopeia-constellation/">Cassiopeia Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13791"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13792"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cepheus-constellation/">Cepheus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13793"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cetus-constellation/">Cetus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13794"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/chamaeleon-constellation/">Chamaeleon Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13795"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13796"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/columba-constellation/">Columba Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13797"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/coma-berenices-constellation/">Coma Berenices Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13798"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-australis-constellation/">Corona Australis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13799"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13800"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corvus-constellation/">Corvus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13801"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crater-constellation/">Crater Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13802"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crux-constellation/">Crux Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13803"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cygnus-constellation/">Cygnus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13804"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/delphinus-constellation/">Delphinus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13805"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/dorado-constellation/">Dorado Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13806"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13807"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/equuleus-constellation/">Equuleus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13808"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/eridanus-constellation/">Eridanus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13809"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/fornax-constellation/">Fornax Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13810"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13811"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/grus-constellation/">Grus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13812"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13813"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/horologium-constellation/">Horologium Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13814"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydra-constellation/">Hydra Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13815"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydrus-constellation/">Hydrus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13816"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/indus-constellation/">Indus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13826"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lacerta-constellation/">Lacerta Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13827"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-constellation/">Leo Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13828"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-minor-constellation/">Leo Minor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13829"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lepus-constellation/">Lepus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13830"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/libra-constellation/">Libra Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13831"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lupus-constellation/">Lupus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13832"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lynx-constellation/">Lynx Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13833"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/mensa-constellation/">Mensa Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13835"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/microscopium-constellation/">Microscopium Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13836"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/monoceros-constellation/">Monoceros Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13837"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/musca-constellation/">Musca Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13838"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13839"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/octans-constellation/">Octans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13840"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13841"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13842"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pavo-constellation/">Pavo Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13843"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13844"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/perseus-constellation/">Perseus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13845"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/">Phoenix Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13846"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pictor-constellation/">Pictor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13847"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pisces-constellation/">Pisces Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13848"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13849"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13850"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pyxis-constellation/">Pyxis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13851"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/reticulum-constellation/">Reticulum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13852"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagitta-constellation/">Sagitta Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13853"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13854"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13855"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sculptor-constellation/">Sculptor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13856"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scutum-constellation/">Scutum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13857"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13858"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sextans-constellation/">Sextans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13859"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13860"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/telescopium-constellation/">Telescopium Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13861"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13862"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-constellation/">Triangulum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13863"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/tucana-constellation/">Tucana Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13864"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13865"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-minor-constellation/">Ursa Minor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13866"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vela-constellation/">Vela Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13867"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13868"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/volans-constellation/">Volans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13869"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vulpecula-constellation/">Vulpecula Constellation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13817"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Map</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 94" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13870"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/northern-constellations/">Northern Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13872"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/southern-constellations/">Southern Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13873"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/circumpolar-constellations/">Circumpolar Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16671"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/equatorial-constellations/">Equatorial Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13874"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/zodiac-constellations/">Zodiac Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13875"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/largest-constellations/">Largest Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13876"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/smallest-constellations/">Smallest Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13818"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Names</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 102" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13967"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/greek-constellations/">Greek Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13819"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/constellation-families/">Constellation Families</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-17273"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Asterisms</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 105" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17278"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17283"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/little-dipper/">Little Dipper</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17285"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-belt/">Orion’s Belt</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18219"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-sword/">Orion’s Sword</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17293"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-southern-cross/">Southern Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17276"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/summer-triangle/">Summer Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17284"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/northern-cross/">Northern Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17491"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cassiopeias-w/">Cassiopeia’s W</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17287"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/spring-triangle/">Spring Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17280"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-diamond/">Great Diamond</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17295"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-hexagon/">Winter Hexagon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17296"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-triangle/">Winter Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17289"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/teapot/">Teapot</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17277"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-kite/">The Kite</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17281"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-square-of-pegasus/">Great Square of Pegasus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17275"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/water-jar/">Water Jar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17279"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/false-cross/">False Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/diamond-cross/">Diamond Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18941"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-fish-hook/">The Fish Hook</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17292"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-sickle/">The Sickle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17274"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/pointer-stars/">Pointer Stars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18704"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/aurigas-hexagon/">Auriga’s Hexagon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18942"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/spicas-spanker/">Spica’s Spanker</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-20157"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-coathanger-brocchis-cluster/">The Coathanger (Brocchi’s Cluster)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17282"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/kembles-cascade/">Kemble’s Cascade</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17290"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">The Keystone</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18705"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/three-leaps-of-the-gazelle/">Three Leaps of the Gazelle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13822"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/messier-objects/">Messier Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-13820"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellations by Month</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 134" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13821"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/january-constellations/">January Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13871"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/february-constellations/">February Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13880"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/march-constellations/">March Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13881"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/april-constellations/">April Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13882"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/may-constellations/">May Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13883"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/june-constellations/">June Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-11094 current_page_item menu-item-13884"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/july-constellations/" aria-current="page">July Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13885"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/august-constellations/">August Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13886"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/september-constellations/">September Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13887"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/october-constellations/">October Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13888"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/november-constellations/">November Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13889"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/december-constellations/">December Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13823"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Seasonal Constellations</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 147" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13824"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/spring-constellations/">Spring Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13877"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/summer-constellations/">Summer Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13878"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/autumn-constellations/">Autumn Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13879"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/winter-constellations/">Winter Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13825"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/what-is-a-constellation/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">What Is a Constellation?</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 152" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14588"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/what-is-a-constellation/how-many-constellations-are-there/">How Many Constellations Are There?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17710"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/caldwell-catalogue/">Caldwell Catalogue</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20558"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/telescopes-and-night-sky-guides/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Telescopes and Night Sky Guides</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 155" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20564"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/telescopes-and-night-sky-guides/best-telescopes-for-beginners/">Best Telescopes for Beginners</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-menu-sidebar-overlay hfg-ov hfg-pe"></div> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="neve-main"> <div class="container single-page-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="nv-single-page-wrap col"> <div class="nv-page-title-wrap nv-big-title" > <div class="nv-page-title"> <h1>July Constellations</h1> </div> </div> <div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>The constellations best seen in July are <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a>. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a> are <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/northern-constellations/">northern constellations</a>, while <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a> lie in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/southern-constellations/">southern sky</a>.</p> <p>July is the best time of year to observe a great number of interesting deep sky objects located in these constellations. The objects include the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Spindle Galaxy</a> (Messier 102), the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-eye-nebula-ngc-6543/">Cat’s Eye Nebula</a> (NGC 6543), the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-paw-nebula/">Cat’s Paw Nebula</a> (NGC 6334), the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Hercules Globular Cluster</a> (Messier 13), the Little Ghost Nebula (NGC 6369), the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Eagle Nebula</a> (Messier 16), and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Ptolemy’s Cluster</a> (Messier 7).</p> <p>Not all of these objects are visible from all locations, however, and whether or not they can be seen depends on their location in the sky. For instance, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a> is circumpolar, i.e. visible throughout the year, to observers in the northern hemisphere, but it cannot be seen from locations south of latitude 15°S, which means that it is invisible to most southern observers. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> cannot be seen from locations south of latitude 50°S.</p> <div id="attachment_16884" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16884" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16884" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations.webp" alt="constellations in july,july sky" width="500" height="661" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations.webp 502w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations-227x300.webp 227w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations-484x640.webp 484w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> <noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16884" class="wp-image-16884" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations.webp" alt="constellations in july,july sky" width="500" height="661" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations.webp 502w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations-227x300.webp 227w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-constellations-484x640.webp 484w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16884" class="wp-caption-text">July constellations, image: Wikisky</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a> is invisible to all northern observers except those living in equatorial latitudes, while <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a> cannot be seen from locations north of tropical latitudes (25°N). <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a> cannot be seen north of latitude 30°N and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> is visible from mid-northern latitudes (40°N), but never rises very high above the southern horizon.</p> <p>The northernmost of the July constellations, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a>, are the 8th and 5th largest constellations in the sky.</p> <p>Representing the dragon from the myth of Hercules, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a> is large and quite visible on a clear night, but it is not particularly conspicuous, as its brightest star, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/eltanin/">Eltanin</a> (Gamma Draconis) has an apparent magnitude of 2.24.</p> <p>The constellation contains a number of notable deep sky objects. The best known ones are the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Spindle Galaxy</a> (NGC 5866), the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/tadpole-galaxy/">Tadpole Galaxy</a> (Arp 188), and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-eye-nebula-ngc-6543/">Cat’s Eye Nebula</a> (NGC 6543). The <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Spindle Galaxy</a> is a bright (mag. 10.7) lenticular (or possibly spiral) galaxy believed to be the object Charles Messier entered in his catalogue as <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102</a>. The galaxy has an unusual extended dust disk which appears edge-on.</p> <div id="attachment_15468" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-15468" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-15468" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy.webp" alt="Arp 188" width="500" height="500" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy.webp 532w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> <noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-15468" class="wp-image-15468" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy.webp" alt="Arp 188" width="500" height="500" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy.webp 532w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tadpole-Galaxy-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-15468" class="wp-caption-text">The Tadpole Galaxy recorded with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. Image processed and rendered by by Pablo Carlos Budassi (CC BY-SA 4.0)</p></div> <p>The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/tadpole-galaxy/">Tadpole Galaxy</a> is a barred spiral galaxy known for its striking trail of stars that extends over about 280,000 light years, giving the galaxy the appearance of a tadpole. The massive trail of stars is the result of an interaction with a smaller galaxy.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-eye-nebula-ngc-6543/">Cat’s Eye Nebula</a> is a planetary nebula with a highly intricate structure and high surface brightness. It was the first object of its kind to be studied by English astronomer William Huggins, who investigated the nebula’s spectrum and was the first to demonstrate the difference between nebulae and galaxies.</p> <div id="attachment_16094" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16094" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16094" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured.webp" alt="cat's eye nebula,ngc 6543" width="500" height="354" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured.webp 600w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured-300x213.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> <noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16094" class="wp-image-16094" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured.webp" alt="cat's eye nebula,ngc 6543" width="500" height="354" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured.webp 600w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Cats-Eye-Nebula-featured-300x213.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16094" class="wp-caption-text">Staring across interstellar space, the alluring Cat’s Eye Nebula lies 3,000 light-years from Earth. The Cat’s Eye (NGC 6543) represents a brief, yet glorious, phase in the life of a sun-like star. This nebula’s dying central star may have produced the simple, outer pattern of dusty concentric shells by shrugging off outer layers in a series of regular convulsions. But the formation of the beautiful, more complex inner structures is not well understood. Here, Hubble Space Telescope archival image data have been reprocessed to create another look at the cosmic cat’s eye. Compared to well-known Hubble pictures, the alternative processing strives to sharpen and improve the visibility of details in light and dark areas of the nebula and also applies a more complex color palette. Of course, gazing into the Cat’s Eye, astronomers may well be seeing the fate of our sun, destined to enter its own planetary nebula phase of evolution … in about 5 billion years. Image: Hubble Space Telescope</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a> is also home to Abell 2218, a cluster of galaxies that acts as a powerful gravitational lens for a number of galaxies located beyond it. The background galaxies appear stretched along the core of the cluster and some of them are lensed multiple times.</p> <div id="attachment_15467" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-15467" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-15467" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218.webp" alt="gravitational lensing" width="500" height="417" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218.webp 576w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218-300x250.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-15467" class="wp-image-15467" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218.webp" alt="gravitational lensing" width="500" height="417" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218.webp 576w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Abell-2218-300x250.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-15467" class="wp-caption-text">Abell 2218, image: NASA/ESA/Kevin M. Gill</p></div> <p>Like <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> does not have any first magnitude stars. Its brightest star, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/kornephoros/">Kornephoros</a> (Beta Herculis), has a visual magnitude of 2.78. Several other stars in the constellation – Pi, Eta, Zeta and Epsilon Herculis – form an <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/">asterism</a> known as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">Keystone</a>, a relatively large quadrangle that represents <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a>’ torso. The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">Keystone</a> is located between the bright star <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra constellation</a> and the stars of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>, the Northern Crown.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> contains two Messier objects, the globular clusters <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13</a> and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a>. Both these clusters are quite bright. Messier 13, known as the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Hercules Globular Cluster</a>, is in fact the brightest object of its kind in the northern sky. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.8 and is easy to find as it is located between Eta and Zeta Herculis, the stars that form the vertices of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">Keystone</a> on the side closer to <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>. <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a> is somewhat dimmer at magnitude 6.3, but in terms of absolute magnitude, it is one of the brightest globular clusters in the Milky Way.</p> <div id="attachment_16623" style="width: 472px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16623" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16623" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13.webp" alt="m13,m13 cluster,great globular cluster,hercules globular cluster" width="462" height="365" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13.webp 466w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13-300x237.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16623" class="wp-image-16623" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13.webp" alt="m13,m13 cluster,great globular cluster,hercules globular cluster" width="462" height="365" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13.webp 466w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Messier-13-300x237.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16623" class="wp-caption-text">Hercules Globular Cluster (Messier 13), image: Wikimedia Commons/Astrowimp (CC BY-SA 4.0)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> is also home to the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/turtle-nebula-ngc-6210/">Turtle Nebula</a> (NGC 6210), a planetary nebula with a striking, unusual appearance, the active galaxy Hercules A, notable for its enormous plasma jets, the Hercules Cluster of galaxies (Abell 2151), whose brightest member is the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 6041, and the galaxy cluster Abell 2199, whose most prominent member is the supermassive elliptical galaxy NGC 6166, one of the most luminous galaxies in X-ray wavelengths, notable for its large halo of stars.</p> <div id="attachment_16626" style="width: 480px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16626" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16626" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272.webp" alt="ngc 6050,interacting galaxies in hercules" width="470" height="470" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272.webp 477w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16626" class="wp-image-16626" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272.webp" alt="ngc 6050,interacting galaxies in hercules" width="470" height="470" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272.webp 477w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Arp-272-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16626" class="wp-caption-text">NGC 6050/IC 1179 (Arp 272) is a remarkable collision between two spiral galaxies, NGC 6050 and IC 1179, and is part of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster, located in the constellation of Hercules. The galaxy cluster is part of the Great Wall of clusters and superclusters, the largest known structure in the universe. The two spiral galaxies are linked by their swirling arms. Arp 272 is located some 450 million light-years away from Earth and is the number 272 in Arp’s Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. This image is part of a large collection of 59 images of merging galaxies taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and released on the occasion of its 18th anniversary on 24th April 2008. Image: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and K. Noll (STScI)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>, the Northern Crown, is a small but recognizable constellation located between the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">Keystone</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-kite/">the Kite</a>, the pattern that dominates the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/bootes-constellation/">Boötes constellation</a>. The brightest star in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alphecca/">Alphecca</a> (Alpha Coronae Borealis) has an apparent magnitude of 2.23. It is one of the seven stars that form the constellation’s semicircular, crown-shaped pattern. The other six stars are fourth magnitude.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a> contains two well-known variable stars. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/t-coronae-borealis-blaze-star/">T Coronae Borealis</a>, also known as the Blaze Star, is a recurrent nova, one of only 10 discovered in our galaxy. R Coronae Borealis, nicknamed the Fade-Out Star, is a prototype of class of stars known as the R Coronae Borealis (RCB) variables. It is a yellow supergiant that fades by several magnitudes as it gets obscured by the dust it has ejected, and then gradually returns to its regular brightness over a period of several months.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a> does not have many deep sky objects that can be seen in amateur telescopes, but it is home to a significant number of galaxy clusters. The spiral galaxy NGC 6085 (mag. 14.5) and massive elliptical galaxy NGC 6086 (mag. 12.7) are members of the galaxy cluster Abell 2162, which is a member of the Hercules Superclusters, a set of two exceptionally large galaxy superclusters. The Corona Borealis Supercluster is the most prominent cluster of galaxies in the northern sky, containing a number of galaxy clusters, some of which are gravitationally bound and will eventually form a single massive cluster.</p> <div id="attachment_16885" style="width: 620px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16885" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16885" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086.webp" alt="" width="610" height="355" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086.webp 639w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086-300x175.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16885" class="wp-image-16885" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086.webp" alt="" width="610" height="355" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086.webp 639w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6085-and-NGC-6086-300x175.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16885" class="wp-caption-text">The galaxies NGC 6085 and NGC 6806, image: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona (CC BY-SA 3.0 US)</p></div> <p>South of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a>, the constellations <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a> represent the snake bearer (usually identified as the mythical healer Asclepius) and a giant snake. The constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a> is divided into two parts by <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>: Serpens Caput, the serpent’s head, and Serpens Cauda, the serpent’s tail.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> is the larger and brighter of the two constellations. It is the 11th largest constellation in the sky and has five stars brighter than magnitude 3.00. Its brightest star, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rasalhague/">Rasalhague</a> (Alpha Ophiuchi), has an apparent magnitude of 2.08. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a>, on the other hand, has only one star brighter than magnitude 3.00: <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/unukalhai/">Unukalhai</a> (Alpha Serpentis), an orange giant with a visual magnitude of 2.6.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> is also home to <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/barnards-star/">Barnard’s Star</a>, the fourth nearest individual star to the solar system. The red dwarf is only 5.9 light years distant from Earth.</p> <p>Both constellations are rich with interesting deep sky objects. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> contains seven Messier objects: the globular clusters <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/">Messier 19</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a> and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a>. It is also home to <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/keplers-supernova/">Kepler’s Supernova</a> (SN 1604), the remnant of the most recent supernova in the Milky Way that was visible to the unaided eye. At its peak, the supernova had an apparent magnitude of -2.5. It was brighter than any star and could be seen during the day for several weeks.</p> <div id="attachment_16573" style="width: 425px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16573" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16573" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova.webp" alt="sn 1604" width="415" height="417" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova.webp 416w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16573" class="wp-image-16573" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova.webp" alt="sn 1604" width="415" height="417" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova.webp 416w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Keplers-Supernova-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16573" class="wp-caption-text">Kepler’s Supernova (Supernova 1604) – Using NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, scientists have created a stunning new image of one of the youngest supernova remnants in the galaxy. This new view of the debris of a star helps astronomers solve a long-standing mystery, with implications for understanding how a star’s life can end dramatically and for gauging the expansion of the universe. Image: NASA</p></div> <p>Other notable deep sky objects in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> include the ultraluminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240, the large dark nebulae Barnard 68 and the Dark Horse Nebula, and the planetary nebulae NGC 6572, the Little Ghost Nebula (NGC 6369) and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/twin-jet-nebula-m2-9/">Twin Jet Nebula</a>, also known as Minkowski’s Butterfly.</p> <div id="attachment_16581" style="width: 460px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16581" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16581" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240.webp" alt="" width="450" height="450" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240.webp 500w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16581" class="wp-image-16581" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240.webp" alt="" width="450" height="450" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240.webp 500w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NGC-6240-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16581" class="wp-caption-text">Not all galaxies are neatly shaped, as this new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 6240 clearly demonstrates. Hubble previously released an image of this galaxy back in 2008, but the knotted region, shown here in a pinky-red hue at the centre of the galaxies, was only revealed in these new observations from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. NGC 6240 lies 400 million light-years away in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Holder). This galaxy has an elongated shape with branching wisps, loops and tails. This mess of gas, dust and stars bears more than a passing resemblance to a butterfly and, though perhaps less conventionally beautiful, a lobster. This bizarrely-shaped galaxy did not begin its life looking like this; its distorted appearance is a result of a galactic merger that occurred when two galaxies drifted too close to one another. This merger sparked bursts of new star formation and triggered many hot young stars to go out as supernovae. A new supernova was discovered in this galaxy in 2013, named SN 2013dc. It is not visible in this image, but its location is indicated here. At the centre of NGC 6240 an even more interesting phenomenon is taking place. When the two galaxies came together, their central black holes did so too. There are two supermassive black holes within this jumble, spiralling closer and closer to one another. They are currently only some 3000 light-years apart, incredibly close given that the galaxy itself spans 300 000 light-years. This proximity secures their fate as they are now too close to escape each other and will soon form a single immense black hole. Image: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Evans (University of Virginia, Charlottesville/NRAO/Stony Brook University)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a> contains two Messier objects: the globular cluster <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a> and the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Eagle Nebula</a> (Messier 16), a large star-forming region famous for the three large pillars of gas nicknamed the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/pillars-of-creation/">Pillars of Creation</a>, that were photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. Other interesting deep sky objects in the constellation include <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/hoags-object/">Hoag’s Object</a>, a famous ring galaxy, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seyferts-sextet/">Seyfert’s Sextet</a>, a group of colliding galaxies, and the Red Square Nebula, a bipolar nebula known for its square shape and unusual symmetry.</p> <div id="attachment_16793" style="width: 480px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16793" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16793" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16.webp" alt="eagle nebula,messier 16,m16,m16 nebula" width="470" height="472" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16.webp 476w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16793" class="wp-image-16793" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16.webp" alt="eagle nebula,messier 16,m16,m16 nebula" width="470" height="472" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16.webp 476w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Eagle-Nebula-Messier-16-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16793" class="wp-caption-text">This is a three-colour composite mosaic image of the Eagle Nebula (Messier 16, or NGC 6611), based on images obtained with the Wide-Field Imager camera on the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory. At the centre, the so-called “Pillars of Creation” can be seen. This wide-field image shows not only the central pillars, but also several others in the same star-forming region, as well as a huge number of stars in front of, in, or behind the Eagle Nebula. The cluster of bright stars to the upper right is NGC 6611, home to the massive and hot stars that illuminate the pillars. The “Spire” — another large pillar — is in the middle left of the image. Image: ESO</p></div> <p>Located south of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> is one of the brightest and most distinctive constellations in the southern sky. With 13 stars brighter than magnitude 3.00 and a recognizable pattern representing the scorpion’s stinger dominating the constellation, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> is very easy to find. Its brightest star, the red supergiant <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a> (Alpha Scorpii) is the 15th brightest star in the sky. It marks the heart of the scorpion and is also known as Cor Scorpii. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a> appears distinctly red to the unaided eye. It is classified as a slow irregular variable and its brightness changes from magnitude 0.6 to 1.6.</p> <p>Other bright stars in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> include <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/shaula/">Shaula</a> (Lambda Scorpii), the second brightest star in the constellation and the 23rd brightest star in the sky and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/sargas/">Sargas</a> (Theta Scorpii), the 37th brightest star. These two stars are part of an asterism that represents the scorpion’s tail.</p> <div id="attachment_16886" style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16886" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16886" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects.webp" alt="Deep sky objects in Scorpius" width="550" height="379" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects.webp 600w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects-300x207.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16886" class="wp-image-16886" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects.webp" alt="Deep sky objects in Scorpius" width="550" height="379" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects.webp 600w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Scorpius-deep-sky-objects-300x207.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16886" class="wp-caption-text">Deep sky objects in Scorpius, image: Wikisky</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> is home to four Messier objects: the bright globular clusters <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a> and <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a>, and the famous open clusters Messier 6, also known as the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Butterfly Cluster</a>, and Messier 7, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Ptolemy’s Cluster</a>. The latter two are best observed in binoculars and both lie in the vicinity of Shaula and the scorpion’s stinger.</p> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> contains a number of other notable deep sky objects, among them <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-paw-nebula/">Cat’s Paw Nebula</a> (NGC 6334), the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/butterfly-nebula/">Butterfly Nebula</a> (NGC 6302) and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/lobster-nebula-ngc-6357/">Lobster Nebula</a> (NGC 6357), sometimes also known as the War and Peace Nebula. The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cats-paw-nebula/">Cat’s Paw Nebula</a> is a large star forming emission nebula named for its resemblance to a cat’s paw. It is sometimes also known as the Bear Claw Nebula. The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/butterfly-nebula/">Butterfly (or Bug) Nebula</a> is a bipolar planetary nebula with a highly complex structure, illuminated by one of the hottest stars in the Milky Way. The War and Peace Nebula is a diffuse nebula notable for its striking appearance, with one part resembling a skull and the other a dove in infrared images.</p> <div id="attachment_16440" style="width: 620px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16440" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16440" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357.webp" alt="War and Peace Nebula,lobster nebula,NGC 6357" width="610" height="251" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357.webp 638w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357-300x124.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16440" class="wp-image-16440" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357.webp" alt="War and Peace Nebula,lobster nebula,NGC 6357" width="610" height="251" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357.webp 638w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/War-and-Peace-Nebula-NGC-6357-300x124.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16440" class="wp-caption-text">War and Peace Nebula – ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) has taken the most detailed image so far of a spectacular part of the stellar nursery called NGC 6357. The view shows many hot young stars, glowing clouds of gas and weird dust formations sculpted by ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds. Image: ESO</p></div> <p>The constellations <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a> are both small and faint, with no stars brighter than magnitude 4.00 except for one, Alpha Circini (mag. 3.19). <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a> is located between the larger and brighter <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus</a>, while <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a>, the fourth smallest of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/">all constellations</a>, was created to fill the gap between <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a> and the stars representing <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus</a>’ forefeet, the Southern Pointers <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/hadar/">Beta Centauri</a>.</p> <p>Interesting objects in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a> include eight open star clusters that can be observed in binoculars, the Norma Cluster, one of the most massive galaxy clusters ever discovered, the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/ant-nebula/">Ant Nebula</a> (Mz 3), a bipolar planetary nebula with a prominent central ring, and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-fine-ring-nebula-shapley-1/">Fine Ring Nebula</a> (Shapley 1), an annular planetary nebula with an unusual ring structure.</p> <div id="attachment_16887" style="width: 516px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16887" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16887 size-full" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1.webp" alt="Fine Ring Nebula,Shapley 1" width="506" height="508" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1.webp 506w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16887" class="wp-image-16887 size-full" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1.webp" alt="Fine Ring Nebula,Shapley 1" width="506" height="508" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1.webp 506w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Fine-Ring-Nebula-Shapley-1-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16887" class="wp-caption-text">The hazy and aptly named Fine Ring Nebula, shown here, is an unusual planetary nebula. Planetary nebulae form when some stars in their final stages, having expanded into a red giant phase, expel a shell of gas as they evolve into white dwarfs. Most planetary nebulae are either spherical or elliptical in shape, or bipolar (featuring two symmetric lobes of material). But the Fine Ring Nebula — captured here by the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on the New Technology Telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile — looks like an almost perfect circular ring. Astronomers believe that some of these more unusually shaped planetary nebulae are formed when the progenitor star is actually a binary system. The interaction between the primary star and its orbiting companion shapes the ejected material. The stellar object at the centre of the Fine Ring Nebula is indeed thought to be a binary system, orbiting with a period of 2.9 days. Observations suggest that the binary pair is almost perfectly face-on from our vantage point, implying that the planetary nebula’s structure is aligned in the same way. We are looking down on a torus (doughnut shape) of ejected material, leading to the strikingly circular ring shape in the image. Image: ESO</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a> contains NGC 5823, an open cluster near the border with the constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lupus-constellation/">Lupus</a>, the planetary nebula NGC 5315, visible only in larger telescopes near Alpha Circini, and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/circinus-galaxy/">Circinus Galaxy</a> (ESO 97-G13), one of the nearest galaxies to the Milky Way, classified as a Type II Seyfert galaxy.</p> <div id="attachment_14334" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-14334" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-14334" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Circinus-Galaxy.webp" alt="spiral galaxy in circinus constellation" width="500" height="441" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-14334" class="wp-image-14334" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Circinus-Galaxy.webp" alt="spiral galaxy in circinus constellation" width="500" height="441" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-14334" class="wp-caption-text">Circinus Galaxy (ESO 97-G13), image: Judy Schmidt (CC BY 2.0)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a>, the Altar, is located between <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a>. The constellation’s brightest stars are Beta Arae, an orange supergiant or bright giant with an apparent magnitude of 2.84, and Alpha Arae, a massive blue-white main sequence star with a visual magnitude of 2.93.</p> <p>Notable deep sky objects in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a> include the bright open cluster NGC 6193 (mag. 5.0), the Ara Cluster (Westerlund 1), one of the most massive young star clusters in the Milky Way, which contains Westerlund 1-26, one of the <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">largest stars</a> known, the globular clusters NGC 6352, NGC 6362 and NGC 6397, the last of which is visible to the unaided eye under clear, dark skies, and the planetary nebulae NGC 6326 and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/stingray-nebula-hen-3-1357-pn-g331-in-ara/">Stingray Nebula</a>. The <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/stingray-nebula-hen-3-1357-pn-g331-in-ara/">Stingray Nebula</a> was the youngest known planetary nebula at the time of discovery; it was first observable in 1987.</p> <div id="attachment_16477" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16477" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16477" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula.webp" alt="" width="590" height="299" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula.webp 603w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula-300x152.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16477" class="wp-image-16477" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula.webp" alt="" width="590" height="299" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula.webp 603w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Stingray-Nebula-300x152.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16477" class="wp-caption-text">Archival data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope reveal that the nebula Hen 3-1357, nicknamed the Stingray nebula, has faded precipitously over just the past two decades. Witnessing such a swift rate of change in a planetary nebula is exceedingly rare, say researchers. These images captured by Hubble in 1996 (left), when compared to Hubble images taken in 2016 (right), show a nebula that has drastically dimmed in brightness and changed shape. Bright blue shells of gas near the centre of the nebula have all but disappeared, and the wavy edges that earned this nebula its aquatic-themed name are virtually gone. The young nebula no longer pops against the black velvet background of the distant Universe. Image: NASA, ESA, B. Balick (University of Washington), M. Guerrero (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía), and G. Ramos-Larios (Universidad de Guadalajara)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a> is one of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/smallest-constellations/">smallest constellations</a>, 83rd in size, occupying an area of only 110 square degrees. It lies near the bright stars <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/hadar/">Beta Centauri</a>. As the name (Southern Triangle) suggests, the constellation’s three brightest stars – the orange giant <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/atria/">Atria</a>, Alpha Trianguli Australis (mag. 1.91) and white main sequence stars Beta (mag. 2.85) and Gamma Trianguli Australis (mag.2.87) – form an almost equilateral triangle.</p> <p>The constellation has very few bright deep sky objects. They include the mag. 5.1 open cluster NGC 6025, the colliding pair of galaxies ESO 69-6, and the planetary nebula NGC 5979.</p> <div id="attachment_16775" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16775" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16775" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6.webp" alt="interacting galaxies in triangulum australe" width="500" height="502" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6.webp 529w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16775" class="wp-image-16775" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6.webp" alt="interacting galaxies in triangulum australe" width="500" height="502" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6.webp 529w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ESO-69-6-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16775" class="wp-caption-text">ESO 69-6 – The galaxies of this beautiful interacting pair bear some resemblance to musical notes on a stave. Long tidal tails sweep out from the two galaxies: gas and stars were stripped out and torn away from the outer regions of the galaxies. The presence of these tails is the unique signature of an interaction. ESO 69-6 is located in the constellation of Triangulum Australe, the Southern Triangle, about 650 million light-years away from Earth. Image: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI, AURA)-ESA, Hubble Collaboration, and A. Evans (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, NRAO, Stony Brook University)</p></div> <p><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a>, the southernmost of the July constellations, represents the bird-of-paradise. Its five brightest stars – none of them brighter than magnitude 3.00 – are all reddish in hue. The constellation contains two notable globular clusters. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/globular-cluster-ngc-6101-in-apus/">NGC 6101</a> is about 160 light years across and has an apparent magnitude of 9.2. It is notable for having a high concentration of blue stragglers, massive, luminous blue stars that appear much younger than they really are, likely as a result of collisions between the stars in the cluster. IC 4499 is a loose globular cluster with a visual magnitude of 9.76. It is the nearest globular cluster to the south celestial pole. <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a> is also home to several faint galaxies, including the spiral galaxies IC 4633 and NGC 6392.</p> <div id="attachment_16355" style="width: 375px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16355" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16355" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101.webp" alt="globular cluster in apus" width="365" height="365" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101.webp 367w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16355" class="wp-image-16355" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101.webp" alt="globular cluster in apus" width="365" height="365" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101.webp 367w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NGC-6101-150x150.webp 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16355" class="wp-caption-text">NGC 6101, image: NASA (Hubble Space Telescope)</p></div> <p>The table below shows the latitudes between which the constellations are visible.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="206"><strong>Constellation</strong></td> <td width="206"><strong>Northern latitude</strong></td> <td width="206"><strong>Southern latitude</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus</a></td> <td width="206">5°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara</a></td> <td width="206">25°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus</a></td> <td width="206">30°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis</a></td> <td width="206">90°</td> <td width="206">50°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco</a></td> <td width="206">90°</td> <td width="206">15°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules</a></td> <td width="206">90°</td> <td width="206">50°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma</a></td> <td width="206">30°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a></td> <td width="206">80°</td> <td width="206">80°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a></td> <td width="206">40°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens</a></td> <td width="206">80°</td> <td width="206">80°</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="206"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe</a></td> <td width="206">25°</td> <td width="206">90°</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar" > <aside id="secondary" role="complementary"> <style type="text/css" media="all">.widget_search .search-form .search-submit,.widget_search .search-form .search-field{height:auto}</style><div id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.constellation-guide.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for...</span> </label> <input type="search" class="search-field" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search for..." value="" name="s"/> <button type="submit" 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this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,n;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(n=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:n.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}shouldHalveIOSDensity(){const e=new j(this);return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()&&e.isRolloutEnabled("iOS-Resolution")}getTargetDensity(e){return this.shouldHalveIOSDensity()?e/2:e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class G{static getScrollTop(){return(window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop)-(document.documentElement.clientTop||0)}static getScrollBottom(){return this.getScrollTop()+(document.documentElement.clientHeight||0)}static shufflePlaylist(e){let t,i,n=e.length;for(;0!==n;)i=Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length),n-=1,t=e[n],e[n]=e[i],e[i]=t;return e}static isMobileLandscape(){return window.matchMedia("(orientation: landscape) and (max-height: 480px)").matches}static playerViewable(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return this.isMobileLandscape()?window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2&&t.top+t.height/2>0:window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2}static createQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${e[t]}`)).join("&")}static createEncodedQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${encodeURIComponent(e[t])}`)).join("&")}static setMobileLocation(e){return"top-left"===(e=e||"bottom-right")?e="adthrive-collapse-top-left":"top-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-top-right":"bottom-left"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-left":"bottom-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right":"top-center"===e&&(e=E()?"adthrive-collapse-top-center":"adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"),e}static addMaxResolutionQueryParam(e){const t=`max_resolution=${E()?"320":"1280"}`,[i,n]=String(e).split("?");return`${i}?${n?n+`&${t}`:t}`}}class z{constructor(e){this._clsOptions=e,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=w(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,!1);const t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.videoPlayers;this.footerSelector=w(t&&t.footerSelector,""),this.players=w(t&&t.players.map((e=>(e.mobileLocation=G.setMobileLocation(e.mobileLocation),e))),[]),this.relatedSettings=t&&t.contextual}}class F{constructor(e){this.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!1,this.playlistPlayerAdded=!1,this.relatedPlayerAdded=!1,this.footerSelector="",this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=!1,this.videoAdOptions=new z(e),this.players=this.videoAdOptions.players,this.relatedSettings=this.videoAdOptions.relatedSettings,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=this.videoAdOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,this.footerSelector=this.videoAdOptions.footerSelector}}class B{}class U extends B{get(){if(this._probability<0||this._probability>1)throw new Error(`Invalid probability: ${this._probability}`);return Math.random()<this._probability}constructor(e){super(),this._probability=e}}class W{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new H,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class q extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(.1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveLargeSize",this.abgroup="smhd100",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}function Q(e,t,i,n){var s,o=arguments.length,r=o<3?t:null===n?n=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):n;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)r=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,n);else for(var a=e.length-1;a>=0;a--)(s=e[a])&&(r=(o<3?s(r):o>3?s(t,i,r):s(t,i))||r);return o>3&&r&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,r),r}function K(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;const J=(e,t,i,n,s,o)=>{const r=Math.round(o-s),a=[],l=[];a.push("(",i.map((()=>"%o")).join(", "),")"),l.push(...i),void 0!==n&&(a.push(" => %o"),l.push(n)),a.push(` %c(${r}ms)`),l.push("color: #999;")},Y=(e,t,i)=>{const n=void 0!==i.get?i.get:i.value;return function(...i){try{const s=V(),o=n.apply(this,i);if(o instanceof Promise)return o.then((e=>{const t=V();return J(0,0,i,e,s,t),Promise.resolve(e)})).catch((i=>{throw i.logged||(C.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}));{const e=V();return J(0,0,i,o,s,e),o}}catch(i){throw i.logged||(C.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}}},X=(t,i=!1)=>n=>{const s=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(n.prototype).filter((e=>i||0!==e.indexOf("_"))).map((e=>[e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.prototype,e)]));for(const[i,o]of s)void 0!==o&&"function"==typeof o.value?n.prototype[i]=Y(t,i,o):void 0!==o&&void 0!==o.get&&"function"==typeof o.get&&Object.defineProperty(n.prototype,i,e({},o,{get:Y(t,i,o)}))};class Z extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!E()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}Z=Q([X("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],Z);class ee extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="mrsf",this.abgroup="mrsf",E()&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const te=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],ie=[[300,600],[160,600]],ne=new Map([[d.Footer,1],[d.Header,2],[d.Sidebar,3],[d.Content,4],[d.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),se=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===d.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(E()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!E()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===d.Footer||n},oe=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new Z(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new q,o=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const r=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),a="Sidebar"===r?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ne.get(r)||8,location:r,sequence:w(i.sequence,1),sizes:(l=i.adSizes,te.filter((([e,t])=>l.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s,o)=>{const{location:r,sequence:a}=e;if(r===d.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(r===d.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(r===d.Recipe)return!(o.result&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(r===d.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===a||(a&&a<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s,o))).concat(n&&i.location===d.Content?ie:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:w(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:w(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:w(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:w(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:se(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:w(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:w(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:w(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:w(i.dynamic.lazyMax,a),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var l}))},re=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===d.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class ae{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[d.Below_Post,d.Content,d.Recipe,d.Sidebar]}}const le=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,ce=e=>`${le(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function de(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const he=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class ue extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveRecipeCap",this.abgroup="rrc",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}class pe extends B{static fromArray(e,t){return new pe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}class me{}const _e=["mcmpfreqrec"];const ge=new class extends me{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],n=e.value[`${t}_weight`];fe(t,i,n,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.value)return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!_e.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},ye=e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)),fe=(t,i,n,s,o=!0)=>{const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=ge.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(ye(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?ge.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):ge.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]},ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=k.getLocalStorageValue("branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&k.removeLocalStorageValue(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,h=l,null!=(p=null==(u=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===h)))?void 0:u.weight)?p:null);var d,h,u,p;const[m,_]=fe(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=_,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&ye(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class Ce{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=x("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=E()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=M(e,this._device),n=D(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class we extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdLayout,this.abgroup=c.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],we.prototype,"run",null);class Oe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdDensity,this.abgroup=c.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],Oe.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}xe=Q([X("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],xe);class Ae extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=Q([X("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new we(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=oe(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!he(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))de(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=w(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==d.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===d.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!he((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{de(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=R(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return w(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let h=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=O(h);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const u=a[r],p=`${u.location}_${u.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(u),_=le(e),g=ce(e),y=[e.location===d.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",_,g,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(h,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=re(u,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:u,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:u.location,element:f}),e.location===d.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}h=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${d.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=P(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=le(t),a=ce(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=re(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=this._removeRecipeCapExperiment.result&&t.location===d.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?w(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[d.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new ae(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new Oe(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new xe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae,this._removeRecipeCapExperiment=new ue}}function ke(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class De{get enabled(){return!0}}class Ie extends De{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(C.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=R(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=ke(s,["valid","elements"]),l=I(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=ke(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else C.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else C.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void C.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{C.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=A()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Re extends Ie{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=u.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=u.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?u.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:u.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return C.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via 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