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<span>Civil war</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Civil_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Civil war subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Civil_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discontent_at_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontent_at_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Discontent at court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontent_at_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continuation_of_hostilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continuation_of_hostilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Continuation of hostilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continuation_of_hostilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yorkist_Triumph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yorkist_Triumph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Yorkist Triumph</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yorkist_Triumph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Power</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Power-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Power subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warwick's_apex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warwick's_apex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Warwick's apex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warwick's_apex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Defection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Assessment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fictional_depictions_of_the_Earl_of_Warwick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_depictions_of_the_Earl_of_Warwick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fictional depictions of the Earl of Warwick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_depictions_of_the_Earl_of_Warwick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Prose fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screen_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screen_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Screen portrayals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screen_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Chronicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1)" title="ريتشارد نيفيل (إيرل وارويك السادس عشر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد نيفيل (إيرل وارويك السادس عشر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Nevil_(Vorvik_qraf%C4%B1)" title="Riçard Nevil (Vorvik qrafı) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Nevil (Vorvik qrafı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville_(16._hrab%C4%9B_z_Warwicku)" title="Richard Neville (16. hrabě z Warwicku) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Neville (16. hrabě z Warwicku)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16ed_Iarll_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16ed Iarll Warwick – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Neville, 16ed Iarll Warwick" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16._jarl_af_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16. jarl af Warwick – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Neville, 16. jarl af Warwick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16._Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16. Earl of Warwick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Neville, 16. Earl of Warwick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BB,_16%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Ριχάρδος Νέβιλ, 16ος κόμης του Γουόρικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ριχάρδος Νέβιλ, 16ος κόμης του Γουόρικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville_(1428-1471)" title="Richard Neville (1428-1471) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Neville (1428-1471)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikardo_Neville_(16-a_grafo_de_Warwick)" title="Rikardo Neville (16-a grafo de Warwick) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rikardo Neville (16-a grafo de Warwick)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Warwickeko_16._kondea" title="Richard Neville, Warwickeko 16. kondea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Neville, Warwickeko 16. kondea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریچارد نویل، شانزدهمین ارل واریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد نویل، شانزدهمین ارل واریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville_(16e_comte_de_Warwick)" title="Richard Neville (16e comte de Warwick) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Neville (16e comte de Warwick)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C16%EB%8C%80_%EC%9B%8C%EB%A6%AD_%EB%B0%B1%EC%9E%91_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EB%84%A4%EB%B9%8C" title="제16대 워릭 백작 리처드 네빌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제16대 워릭 백작 리처드 네빌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%86%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%AC_(%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB_16-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD)" title="Ռիչարդ Նևիլ (Ուորիքի 16-րդ կոմս) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Նևիլ (Ուորիքի 16-րդ կոմս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Kraljotvorac" title="Richard Neville, Kraljotvorac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Neville, Kraljotvorac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_XVI_conte_di_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, XVI conte di Warwick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Neville, XVI conte di Warwick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C,_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ריצ'רד נוויל, הרוזן מווריק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד נוויל, הרוזן מווריק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ ნევილ უორვიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ ნევილ უორვიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Warwick_gr%C3%B3fja" title="Richard Neville, Warwick grófja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Neville, Warwick grófja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Earl_ke-16_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, Earl ke-16 Warwick – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard Neville, Earl ke-16 Warwick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville" title="Richard Neville – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Neville" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB_(%E7%AC%AC16%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E4%BC%AF)" title="リチャード・ネヴィル (第16代ウォリック伯) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・ネヴィル (第16代ウォリック伯)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16._jarl_av_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16. jarl av Warwick – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Neville, 16. jarl av Warwick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville" title="Richard Neville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Neville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Neville" title="Ricardo Neville – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ricardo Neville" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_al_16-lea_Conte_de_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, al 16-lea Conte de Warwick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Neville, al 16-lea Conte de Warwick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4,_16-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Невилл, Ричард, 16-й граф Уорик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Невилл, Ричард, 16-й граф Уорик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB,_16._%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ричард Невил, 16. гроф од Ворика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Невил, 16. гроф од Ворика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville" title="Richard Neville – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Neville" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16:e_earl_av_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16:e earl av Warwick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Neville, 16:e earl av Warwick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_16_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ริชาร์ด เนวิลล์ เอิร์ลที่ 16 แห่งวอริก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริชาร์ด เนวิลล์ เอิร์ลที่ 16 แห่งวอริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Річард Невілл, граф Ворік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Невілл, граф Ворік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%BB%A3%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="第十六代沃里克伯爵理查德·内维尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第十六代沃里克伯爵理查德·内维尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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He displays on his shield the arms of Montagu quartering Monthermer. The bull's head is the crest of the Neville family, the eagle is the crest of Montagu.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">23 July 1449<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959385_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959385-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 14 April 1471</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_15th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick">Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other titles</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>6th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Earl of Salisbury">Earl of Salisbury</a></li><li>8th and 5th <a href="/wiki/Baron_Montagu" title="Baron Montagu">Baron Montagu</a></li><li>7th <a href="/wiki/Baron_Monthermer" title="Baron Monthermer">Baron Monthermer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="text-align: left;">Warwick the Kingmaker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Influence during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">22 November 1428</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">14 April 1471 (aged 42)<br /><a href="/wiki/Barnet,_Hertfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnet, Hertfordshire">Barnet, Hertfordshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Bisham_Abbey" title="Bisham Abbey">Bisham Abbey</a>, Berkshire</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Middleham_Castle" title="Middleham Castle">Middleham Castle</a>, <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/et_al.#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:et al.">et al.</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locality</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wars and battles</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Wars of the Roses</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">First Battle of St Albans</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ludford_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ludford Bridge">Battle of Ludford Bridge</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Battle of Northampton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">Second Battle of St Albans</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Battle of Ferrybridge</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Battle of Barnet</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offices</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of Calais">Captain of Calais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral of England</a></li><li>Steward of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble family</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Neville" title="House of Neville">Neville</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_16th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick">Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1436)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Neville,_Duchess_of_Clarence" title="Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence">Isabel, Duchess of Clarence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne, Queen of England</a></li><li>Margaret (<a href="/wiki/Illegitimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegitimate">illegitimate</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Montagu,_5th_Countess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Montagu, 5th Countess of Salisbury">Alice Montagu, 5th Countess of Salisbury</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Richard_Neville,_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg/128px-Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg/192px-Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg/256px-Signature_of_Richard_Neville%2C_Earl_of_Warwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl of Salisbury</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span></span> (22 November 1428 – 14 April 1471), known as <b>Warwick the Kingmaker</b>, was an English nobleman, <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrator</a>, landowner of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Neville" title="House of Neville">House of Neville</a> fortune and military commander. The eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury</a>, he became <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick" title="Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a> through marriage, and was the wealthiest and most powerful <a href="/wiki/English_peer" class="mw-redirect" title="English peer">English peer</a> of his age, with political connections that went beyond the country's borders. One of the leaders in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, originally on the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">Yorkist</a> side but later switching to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian</a> side, he was instrumental in the deposition of two kings, which led to his <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">Kingmaker</a>". </p><p>Through fortunes of marriage and inheritance, Warwick emerged in the 1450s at the centre of English politics. Originally, he was a supporter of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>; however, a territorial dispute with <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a>, led him to collaborate with <a href="/wiki/Richard,_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, Duke of York">Richard, Duke of York</a>, in opposing the king. From this conflict, he gained the strategically valuable post of <a href="/wiki/Captain_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of Calais">Captain of Calais</a>, a position that benefited him greatly in the years to come. The political conflict later turned into full-scale rebellion, where <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">in battle</a> York was slain, as was Warwick's father Salisbury. York's son, however, later triumphed with Warwick's assistance, and was crowned King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a>. Edward initially ruled with Warwick's support, but the two later fell out over foreign policy and the king's choice to marry <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a>. After a failed plot to crown Edward's brother, <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Clarence">George, Duke of Clarence</a>, Warwick instead <a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">restored Henry VI to the throne</a>. The triumph was short-lived, however: on 14 April 1471, Warwick was defeated by Edward at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Battle of Barnet</a>, and killed. </p><p>Warwick's historical legacy has been a matter of much dispute. Historical opinion has alternated between seeing him as self-centred and rash, and regarding him as a victim of the whims of an ungrateful king. It is generally agreed, however, that in his own time, he enjoyed great popularity in all layers of society, and that he was skilled at appealing to popular sentiments for political support.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warwick_the_Kingmaker.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Warwick_the_Kingmaker.gif/220px-Warwick_the_Kingmaker.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Warwick_the_Kingmaker.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Warwick the Kingmaker, 16th century imaginary portrait</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Neville" title="House of Neville">Neville family</a>, an ancient <a href="/wiki/County_of_Durham" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Durham">Durham</a> family, came to prominence in England's fourteenth-century wars against the <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scots</a>. In 1397, King <a href="/wiki/Richard_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard II">Richard II</a> granted <a href="/wiki/Ralph_de_Neville,_1st_Earl_of_Westmorland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland">Ralph Neville</a> the title of <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Earl of Westmorland">Earl of Westmorland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ralph's son <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard</a>, the later Earl of Warwick's father, was a younger son by a second marriage, and not heir to the earldom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a favourable settlement, however, and became <i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i> ("by right of his wife") <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Earl of Salisbury">Earl of Salisbury</a> through his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Alice_Neville,_5th_Countess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Neville, 5th Countess of Salisbury">Alice</a>, daughter and heiress of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury">Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salisbury's son Richard, the later Earl of Warwick, was born on 22 November 1428; little is known of his childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of eight, in 1436, Richard was married to <a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_16th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick">Lady Anne Beauchamp</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick">Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick</a>, and of his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Despenser,_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Isabel Despenser, Countess of Warwick">Isabel Despenser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This made him heir not only to the earldom of Salisbury, but also to a substantial part of the Montague, Beauchamp, and Despenser inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Circumstances would, however, increase his fortune even further. Beauchamp's son <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Beauchamp,_1st_Duke_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick">Henry</a>, who had married the younger Richard's sister <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Neville,_Duchess_of_Warwick" title="Cecily Neville, Duchess of Warwick">Cecily</a>, died in 1446. When Henry's daughter <a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_15th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick">Anne</a> died in 1449, Richard also found himself <i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i> Earl of Warwick.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard's succession to the estates did not go undisputed, however. A protracted battle over parts of the inheritance ensued, particularly with <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset</a>, who had married a daughter from Richard Beauchamp's first marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute centred on land, not on the Warwick title, as Henry's half-sisters were excluded from the succession.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1445 Richard had become a knight, probably at <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>'s coronation on 30 May that year;<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also around this time, his illegitimate daughter, Margaret (who married Richard Huddleston on 12 June 1464) was born.<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is visible in the historical record of service of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a> in 1449, which makes mention of his services in a grant.<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He performed military service in the north with his father, and might have taken part in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_Wars" title="Anglo-Scottish Wars">war against Scotland</a> in 1448–1449.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Richard,_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, Duke of York">Richard, Duke of York</a>, unsuccessfully rose up against the king in 1452, both Warwick and his father rallied to the side of King Henry VI.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_war">Civil war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontent_at_court">Discontent at court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discontent at court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Henry_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/109px-King_Henry_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/164px-King_Henry_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/218px-King_Henry_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="3857" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MargaretAnjou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MargaretAnjou.jpg/125px-MargaretAnjou.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MargaretAnjou.jpg/188px-MargaretAnjou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MargaretAnjou.jpg/250px-MargaretAnjou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">As <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>'s incompetence and intermittent madness became clear, many of the responsibilities of government fell on his queen, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>In June 1453, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Somerset</a> was granted custody of the lordship of <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>—part of the Despenser heritage held by Warwick until then—and open conflict broke out between the two men.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in the summer of that year, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">King Henry</a> fell ill.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somerset was a favourite of the king and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Queen Margaret</a>, and with the king incapacitated he was virtually in complete control of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This put Warwick at a disadvantage in his dispute with Somerset, and drove him into collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political climate, influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War#French_victory:_1429–1453" title="Hundred Years' War">military defeat in France</a>, then started turning against Somerset. On 27 March 1454, a group of royal councillors appointed the Duke of York protector of the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> York could now count on the support not only of Warwick but also of Warwick's father <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, who had become more deeply involved in disputes with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Percy" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Percy">House of Percy</a> in the north of England.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>York's first protectorate did not last long. Early in 1455, the king rallied sufficiently to return to power, at least nominally, with Somerset again wielding real power.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick returned to his estates, as did York and Salisbury, and the three started raising troops.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marching towards London, they encountered the king at <a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a>, where the two forces clashed. <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">The battle</a> was brief and not particularly bloody, but it was the first instance of armed hostilities between the forces of the Houses of <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a> in the conflict known as the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also significant because it resulted in the capture of the king, and the death of Somerset.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continuation_of_hostilities">Continuation of hostilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Continuation of hostilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">York</a>'s second protectorate that followed was even shorter-lived than the first.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the parliament of February 1456 <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">the king</a>—now under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Queen Margaret</a>—resumed personal government of the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time Warwick had taken over <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Salisbury</a>'s role as York's main ally, even appearing at that same parliament to protect York from retributions.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conflict was also a pivotal period in Warwick's career, as it was resolved by his appointment as <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable of Calais">Constable of Calais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post was to provide him with a vital power base in the following years of conflict. The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>, conquered from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> in 1347, was not only of vital strategic importance, it also held what was England's largest <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">standing army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were some initial disputes, with the garrison and with the royal wool monopoly known as <a href="/wiki/The_staple" class="mw-redirect" title="The staple">the staple</a>, over payments in arrears, but in July Warwick finally took up his post.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the recent events, Queen Margaret still considered Warwick a threat to the throne, and cut off his supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1457, however, a French attack on the English seaport of <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a> set off fears of a full-scale French invasion. Warwick was again funded to protect the garrison and patrol the English coast.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In disregard of royal authority, he then conducted highly successful acts of piracy, against the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castilian</a> fleet in May 1458, and against the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanseatic">Hanseatic</a> fleet a few weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also used his time on the Continent to establish relations with <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip the Good</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developing a solid military reputation and with good international connections, he then brought a part of his garrison to England, where he met up with his father and York in the autumn of 1459.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yorkist_Triumph">Yorkist Triumph</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yorkist Triumph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MiddlehamCJW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MiddlehamCJW.jpg/220px-MiddlehamCJW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MiddlehamCJW.jpg/330px-MiddlehamCJW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MiddlehamCJW.jpg/440px-MiddlehamCJW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Middleham_Castle" title="Middleham Castle">Middleham Castle</a> was Warwick's favourite residence in England. In the late 1450s business in Calais kept him away from it for periods.</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1459 Warwick crossed over to England and made his way north to <a href="/wiki/Ludlow" title="Ludlow">Ludlow</a> to meet up with York and Salisbury, the latter fresh from his victory over Lancastrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath" title="Battle of Blore Heath">Battle of Blore Heath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At nearby <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ludford_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ludford Bridge">Ludford Bridge</a> their forces were scattered by the king's army, partly because of the defection of Warwick's Calais contingent under the command of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Trollope" title="Andrew Trollope">Andrew Trollope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-H164_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H164-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it turned out, the majority of the soldiers were still reluctant to raise arms against the king.<sup id="cite_ref-H164_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H164-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forced to flee the country, York left for <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland, with his second son <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund, Earl of Rutland</a>, while Warwick and Salisbury sailed to Calais, accompanied by the Duke's son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward, Earl of March</a> (the future King Edward IV).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_Duke_of_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a>, was appointed to replace Warwick as Captain of Calais, but the Yorkists managed to hold on to the garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1460 Warwick visited York in Ireland to plan the way ahead, and returned to Calais.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, on 26 June, he landed at Sandwich with Salisbury and March, and from here the three earls rode north to London.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salisbury was left to besiege the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Warwick took March with him in pursuit of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Northampton</a>, on 10 July, King Henry was taken captive, while <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham</a> and others were killed in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September York arrived from Ireland, and at the parliament of October that year, the Duke walked up to the throne and put his hand on it.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act, signifying usurpation, left the assembly in shock.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether Warwick had prior knowledge of York's plans, though it is assumed that this had been agreed upon between the two in Ireland the previous March.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It soon became clear, however, that this regime change was unacceptable to the lords in parliament, and a compromise was agreed. The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Accord" title="Act of Accord">Act of Accord</a> of 25 October 1460 stated that while Henry VI was allowed to stay on the throne for the remainder of his life, his son <a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward, Prince of Wales</a>, was to be disinherited. Instead, York would succeed the king, and act as protector.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This solution was not ideal to either party, and further conflict was inevitable.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 December, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Battle of Wakefield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">York</a> was killed, as were York's second son <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund, Earl of Rutland</a>, and Warwick's younger brother <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1460)">Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Salisbury</a> was executed a day later. Warwick marched north to confront the enemy, but was defeated and forced to flee at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">Second Battle of St Albans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Prince Edward of York</a>, the new Yorkist claimant to the crown, who had just won an important victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Battle of Mortimer's Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Queen Margaret was hesitating to make her next move, Warwick and Edward hastened to London.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The citizens of the capital were scared by the brutal conduct of the Lancastrian forces, and were sympathetic to the House of York. On 4 March the prince was proclaimed King Edward IV by an assembly that gathered quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new king now headed north to consolidate his title, and met with the Lancastrian forces at <a href="/wiki/Towton" title="Towton">Towton</a> in Yorkshire. Warwick had suffered an injury to the leg the day before, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Battle of Ferrybridge</a>, and may have played only a minor part in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">the battle</a> that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unusually bloody battle resulted in a complete victory for the Yorkist forces, and the death of many important men on the opposing side, such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland</a>, and Andrew Trollope.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen Margaret managed to escape to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, with Henry and Prince Edward.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward IV returned to London for his coronation, while Warwick remained to pacify the north.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Power">In Power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warwick's_apex"><span id="Warwick.27s_apex"></span>Warwick's apex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Warwick's apex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:315px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"They have but two rulers, M. de Warwick and another whose name I have forgotten." </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—The Governor of <a href="/wiki/Abbeville" title="Abbeville">Abbeville</a> in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-DNB_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg/220px-Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg/330px-Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg/440px-Earlwarwicksvow_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tresham" title="Henry Tresham">Henry Tresham</a> depicting Warwick cutting the throat of his own horse and vowing not to abandon the battlefield prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Warwick's position after the accession of Edward IV was stronger than ever.<sup id="cite_ref-K372_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K372-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had now succeeded to his father's possessions—including <a href="/wiki/Retainers_and_fee%27d_men_of_Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Retainers and fee'd men of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">his vast network of retainers</a>—and in 1462 he also inherited his mother's lands and the Salisbury title.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altogether, he had an annual income from his lands of over £7,000, far more than any other man in the realm but the king.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward confirmed Warwick's position as Captain of Calais, and made him High Admiral of England and Steward of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a>, along with several other offices.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brothers also benefited: <a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_Lord_Montagu" class="mw-redirect" title="John Neville, Lord Montagu">John Neville, Lord Montagu</a>, was made Warden of the East March in 1463, and the next year created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Earl of Northumberland">Earl of Northumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_Montagu_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB_Montagu-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Neville_(bishop)" title="George Neville (bishop)">George Neville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Exeter" title="Bishop of Exeter">Bishop of Exeter</a>, was confirmed in his post as chancellor by King Edward, and in 1465 promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">archbishopric of York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By late 1461, risings in the north had been put down, and in the summer of 1462, Warwick negotiated a truce with Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October the same year, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a> invaded England with troops from France, and managed to take the castles of <a href="/wiki/Alnwick_Castle" title="Alnwick Castle">Alnwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bamburgh_Castle" title="Bamburgh Castle">Bamburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick had to organise the recapture of the castles, which was accomplished by January 1463. The leaders of the rebellion, including <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Percy" title="Ralph Percy">Ralph Percy</a>, were pardoned and left in charge of the retaken castles.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point, Warwick felt secure enough to travel south; in February he buried the remains of his father and brother at <a href="/wiki/Bisham_Abbey" title="Bisham Abbey">Bisham Priory</a>, and in March he attended parliament at <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That same spring, however, the north rose up in rebellion once more, when Ralph Percy laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Norham_Castle" title="Norham Castle">Norham Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick returned to the north and rescued Norham in July, but the Lancastrians were left in possession of <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, and the government decided on a diplomatic approach instead. Separate truces were negotiated with Scotland and France by late 1463, which allowed Warwick to retake the Northumbrian castles held by the Lancastrian rebels in the spring of 1464.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time no clemency was given, and around thirty of the rebel leaders were executed.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_tensions">Early tensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg/89px-Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg/134px-Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg/178px-Edward_IV_Plantagenet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1873" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElizabethWoodville.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/95px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/143px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/190px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a>'s secret marriage to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a> contributed to the growing tensions between Warwick and the king.</div></div></div></div> <p>At the negotiations with the French, Warwick had intimated that King Edward was interested in a marriage arrangement with the French crown, the intended bride being <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a>'s sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Bona_of_Savoy" title="Bona of Savoy">Bona</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marriage was not to be, however, because in September 1464, Edward revealed that he was already married, to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R91_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R91-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage caused great offence to Warwick: not only due to the fact that his plans had been sabotaged, but also the secrecy with which the king had acted.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage—contracted on 1 May of the same year—was not made public before Warwick pressed Edward on the issue at a council meeting, and in the meanwhile, Warwick had been unknowingly deceiving the French into believing the king was serious about the marriage proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-R91_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R91-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Edward the marriage may very well have been a love match, but in the long run he sought to build the Woodville family into a powerhouse independent of Warwick's influence.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville caused Warwick to lose his power and influence. He accused Elizabeth, and her mother <a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg" title="Jacquetta of Luxembourg">Jacquetta of Luxembourg</a>, of witchcraft to try to restore the power that he had lost.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was not enough to cause a complete fallout between the two men, though from this point on Warwick increasingly stayed away from court.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promotion of Warwick's brother George to <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a> shows that the earl was still in favour with the king. In July 1465, when Henry VI was once more captured, it was Warwick who escorted the fallen king to his captivity in the Tower.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then, in the spring of 1466, Warwick was sent to the continent to carry out negotiations with the French and Burgundians. The negotiations centred around a marriage proposal involving Edward's sister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick increasingly came to favour French diplomatic connections.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Edward's father-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers" title="Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers">Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers</a>, who had been created <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">treasurer</a>, was in favour of a Burgundian alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This set up an internal conflict within the English court, which was not alleviated by the fact that Edward had signed a secret treaty in October with Burgundy, while Warwick was forced to carry on sham negotiations with the French.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, George Neville was dismissed as chancellor, while Edward refused to contemplate a marriage between Warwick's oldest daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Neville,_Duchess_of_Clarence" title="Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence">Isabel</a>, and Edward's brother <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Clarence">George, Duke of Clarence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became increasingly clear that Warwick's position of dominance at court had been taken over by Rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1467, there were rumours that Warwick was now sympathetic to the Lancastrian cause, but even though he refused to come to court to answer the charges, the king accepted his denial in writing.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1468, it was revealed that Warwick's deputy in Calais, <a href="/wiki/John_Wenlock,_1st_Baron_Wenlock" title="John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock">John, Lord Wenlock</a>, was involved in a Lancastrian conspiracy, and early in 1469 another Lancastrian plot was uncovered, involving <a href="/wiki/John_de_Vere,_13th_Earl_of_Oxford" title="John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford">John de Vere, Earl of Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was becoming clear that the discontent with Edward's reign was widespread, a fact that Warwick could exploit.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defection">Defection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Defection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebellion">Rebellion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rebellion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick now orchestrated a rebellion in Yorkshire while he was away, led by a "<a href="/wiki/Robin_of_Redesdale" title="Robin of Redesdale">Robin of Redesdale</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of Warwick's plan was winning over King Edward's younger brother, George Plantagenet, possibly with the prospect of installing him on the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-H66_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H66-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nineteen-year-old George had shown himself to share many of the abilities of his older brother, but was also jealous and overambitious.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1469, the two sailed over to Calais, where George was married to Warwick's daughter, Lady Isabel Neville.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From there, they returned to England, where they gathered the men of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> to join the rebellion in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the king's forces were defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgecote" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Edgecote">Battle of Edgecote</a>, where <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1469)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</a>, was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other commander, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon">Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon</a>, was caught in flight and lynched by a mob.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Earl Rivers and his son, <a href="/wiki/John_Woodville" title="John Woodville">John Woodville</a>, were also apprehended and murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his army now defeated, King Edward IV was taken under arrest by George Neville.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick then imprisoned the king in <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Castle" title="Warwick Castle">Warwick Castle</a>, and in August, the king was taken north to <a href="/wiki/Middleham_Castle" title="Middleham Castle">Middleham Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the long run, however, it proved impossible to rule without the king, and continuing disorder forced Warwick to release King Edward IV in September 1469.<sup id="cite_ref-H66_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H66-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg/170px-Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg/255px-Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg/340px-Battle_of_Barnet_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Battle of Barnet</a>, where Warwick was killed. Edward IV can be seen on the left, wearing a crown, Warwick on the right being pierced by a lance. In reality, Edward did not kill Warwick.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi" title="Modus vivendi">modus vivendi</a></i> had been achieved between Warwick and the king for some months, but the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_4th_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy</a> to Montagu's earldom of Northumberland prevented any chance of full reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A trap was set for the king when disturbances in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> led him north, where he could be confronted by Warwick's men.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward, however, discovered the plot when <a href="/wiki/Robert_Welles,_8th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Eresby" title="Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby">Robert, Lord Welles</a>, was routed at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Losecoat_Field" title="Battle of Losecoat Field">Losecote Field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a> in March 1470, and gave away the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick soon gave up, and once more fled the country with Clarence. Denied access to Calais, they sought refuge with King Louis XI of France.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis arranged a reconciliation between Warwick and Margaret of Anjou, and as part of the agreement, Margaret and Henry's son, Edward, Prince of Wales, would marry Warwick's daughter Anne.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The objective of the alliance was to restore Henry VI to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, Warwick staged an uprising in the north, and with the king away, he and Clarence landed at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Devon" title="Dartmouth, Devon">Dartmouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> on 13 September 1470.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the many who flocked to Warwick's side was his brother Montagu, who had not taken part in the last rebellion, but was disappointed when his loyalty to the king had not been rewarded with the restoration of his earldom.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_Montagu_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB_Montagu-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time the trap set up for the king worked; as Edward hurried south, Montagu's forces approached from the north, and the king found himself surrounded.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 October he fled to <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Henry was now restored, with Warwick acting as the true ruler in his capacity as lieutenant.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a parliament in November, Edward was <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainted</a> of his lands and titles, and Clarence was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duchy of York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At this point, international affairs intervened. Louis XI declared war on Burgundy, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a> responded by granting an expeditionary force to Edward IV, in order to reclaim his throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuck_1985,_p._284_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuck_1985,_p._284-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 March 1471, Edward landed at <a href="/wiki/Ravenspurn" title="Ravenspurn">Ravenspurn</a> in Yorkshire, with the acquiescence of the Earl of Northumberland.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick was still waiting for Queen Margaret and her son Edward, who were supposed to bring reinforcements from France, but were kept on the continent by bad weather.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point, Edward received the support of his brother Clarence, who realised that he had been disadvantaged by the new agreement with the Lancastrians.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarence's defection weakened Warwick, who nevertheless went in pursuit of Edward. On 14 April 1471 the two armies met at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fog and poor visibility on the field led to confusion, and the Lancastrian army ended up attacking its own men.<sup id="cite_ref-P73_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P73-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the face of defeat Warwick attempted to escape the field, but was struck off his horse and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-H310_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H310-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg/142px-IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg/213px-IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg/284px-IsabelNevilleRousRoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1605" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Neville,_Duchess_of_Clarence" title="Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence">Isabel Neville</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/George_Plantagenet%2C_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg/142px-George_Plantagenet%2C_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/George_Plantagenet%2C_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg/213px-George_Plantagenet%2C_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/George_Plantagenet%2C_Duke_of_Clarence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AnneNevilleRous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AnneNevilleRous.jpg/147px-AnneNevilleRous.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AnneNevilleRous.jpg/221px-AnneNevilleRous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AnneNevilleRous.jpg/294px-AnneNevilleRous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg/137px-Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg/206px-Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg/274px-Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester</a>, later King Richard III</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Warwick's body—along with that of his brother Montagu, who had also fallen at Barnet—was displayed in London's <a href="/wiki/Old_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="Old St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> to quell any rumours of their survival.<sup id="cite_ref-H310_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H310-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then they were handed over to Archbishop Neville, to be buried in the family vault at <a href="/wiki/Bisham_Abbey" title="Bisham Abbey">Bisham Priory</a> near the river Thames in Berkshire. No trace now remains of either the tomb or the church in which it was housed.<sup id="cite_ref-P73_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P73-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 May 1471, Edward IV defeated the remaining Lancastrian forces of Queen Margaret and Prince Edward at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Battle of Tewkesbury</a>, where the prince was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards, it was reported that King Henry VI had also died in the Tower.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the direct Lancastrian line exterminated, Edward could reign safely until his death in 1483.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuck_1985,_p._284_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuck_1985,_p._284-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick had no sons. His offices were divided between King Edward's brothers George, Duke of Clarence (who had married Warwick's daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Neville,_Duchess_of_Clarence" title="Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence">Isabel Neville</a>), and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, the future <a href="/wiki/Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard III">Richard III</a> (who would marry Warwick's daughter <a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a>). Clarence received the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Great_Chamberlain" title="Lord Great Chamberlain">chamberlainship of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">lieutenancy of Ireland</a>, while Gloucester was made <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiral of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Warden_of_the_Marches" title="Lord Warden of the Marches">Warden of the West March</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarence also received the earldoms of Warwick and Salisbury.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earl's land had been forfeited and taken into the king's custody. When Gloucester married Warwick's younger daughter Anne in 1472, who had been recently widowed by the death of Prince Edward, a dispute broke out between the two princes over the Beauchamp and Despenser inheritances.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A compromise was eventually reached, whereby the land was divided, but Clarence was not pacified. In 1477 he once again plotted against his brother. This time the king could no longer act with lenience, and the next year the Duke of Clarence was executed.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment">Assessment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:315px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Thou setter-up and plucker-down of kings" </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>; Henry VI</cite></p> </div> <p>Early sources on Richard Neville fall into two categories. The first are the sympathetic chronicles of the early Yorkist years, or works based on these, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_for_Magistrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirror for Magistrates">Mirror for Magistrates</a></i> (1559). The other category originates with chronicles commissioned by Edward IV after Warwick's fall, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Historie_of_the_arrivall_of_Edward_IV" title="Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV">Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV</a></i>, and take a more negative view of the earl.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Mirror</i> portrayed Warwick as a great man: beloved by the people, and betrayed by the man he helped raise to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other perspective can be found in <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <i>Henry VI</i> trilogy: a man driven by pride and egotism, who created and deposed kings at will.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In time, however, it is the latter view that dominated. The <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Whig_history" title="Whig history">Whig</a> historians of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, decried anyone who impeded the development towards a centralised, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, the way Warwick did in his struggles with Edward.<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_5_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks_5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Hume called Warwick "the greatest, as well as the last, of those mighty barons who formerly overawed the crown, and rendered the people incapable of any regular system of civil government."<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later writers were split between admiration for some of Warwick's character traits, and condemnation of his political actions. The romantic novelist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Baron_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton">Lord Lytton</a> picked up on Hume's theme in his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Barons" title="The Last of the Barons">The Last of the Barons</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Lytton portrayed Warwick as a tragic hero who embodied the ideals of chivalry, he was nevertheless one whose time was past.<sup id="cite_ref-Hicks_5_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hicks_5-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late-nineteenth-century military historian <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oman" title="Charles Oman">Charles Oman</a> acknowledged the earl's ability to appeal to popular sentiments, yet pointed out his deficiencies as a military commander.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oman found Warwick a traditional strategist, "not attaining the heights of military genius displayed by his pupil Edward."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Murray_Kendall" title="Paul Murray Kendall">Paul Murray Kendall</a>'s popular biography from 1957 took a sympathetic view of Warwick, but concluded that he had ultimately fallen victim to his own overreaching ambition.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recent historians, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_(historian)" title="Michael Hicks (historian)">Michael Hicks</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._J._Pollard" title="A. J. Pollard">A. J. Pollard</a>, have tried to see Warwick in light of the standards of his own age, rather than holding him up to contemporary constitutional ideals. The insults Warwick suffered at the hands of King Edward—including Edward's secret marriage, and the refusal of the French diplomatic channel—were significant.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His claim to prominence in national affairs was not a product of illusions of grandeur; it was confirmed by the high standing he enjoyed among the princes on the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Warwick's cause was not considered unjust by his contemporaries, which can be seen by the earl's popularity exceeding that of the king at the time of his first rebellion in 1469.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, while Warwick could not easily suffer his treatment by the king, it was equally impossible for Edward to accept the earl's presence on the political scene. As long as Warwick remained as powerful and influential as he was, Edward could not fully assert his royal authority, and eventual confrontation became inevitable.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the memories written in Burgundy had a negative view of him. For example, according to <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Commines" title="Philippe de Commines">Philippe de Commynes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_la_Marche" title="Olivier de la Marche">Olivier de la Marche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Chastellain" title="Georges Chastellain">Georges Chastellain</a>, who all mention Edward's popularity and character, Warwick was sage and cunning, and much richer than Edward, but he was very hated. In addition, unlike his brother <a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_1st_Marquess_of_Montagu" title="John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu">John Nevill</a> and Edward, he was not brave.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Burgundy historian <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Wavrin" title="Jean de Wavrin">Jean de Wavrin</a> criticized him more bitterly than other Burgundians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_depictions_of_the_Earl_of_Warwick">Fictional depictions of the Earl of Warwick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fictional depictions of the Earl of Warwick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">Henry VI, Part 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">Henry VI, Part 3</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prose_fiction">Prose fiction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Prose fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Opening_Atlantis" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening Atlantis">Opening Atlantis</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Gregory" title="Philippa Gregory">Philippa Gregory</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Queen_(novel)" title="The White Queen (novel)">The White Queen</a></i> (2009), Book 1 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Cousins%27_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cousins' War">Cousins' War</a></i> series, about <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingmaker%27s_Daughter" title="The Kingmaker's Daughter">The Kingmaker's Daughter</a></i> (2012), Book 4 in the <i>Cousins' War</i> series, about <a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Kay_Penman" title="Sharon Kay Penman">Sharon Kay Penman</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunne_in_Splendour" title="The Sunne in Splendour">The Sunne in Splendour</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screen_portrayals">Screen portrayals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Screen portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Queen_(TV_series)" title="The White Queen (TV series)">The White Queen</a></i> (2013): Warwick was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/James_Frain" title="James Frain">James Frain</a>.</li> <li><i>Britain's Bloody Crown</i> (2015): Warwick was portrayed by James Oliver Wheatley</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>, <i>Henry VI Part 1</i> and <i>Henry VI Part 2</i> (2016): Warwick was played by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Townsend" title="Stanley Townsend">Stanley Townsend</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick,_KG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png/125px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png/188px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick%2C_KG.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Warwick's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> as <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg/125px-Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg/188px-Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg/250px-Arms_of_Richard_Neville%2C_16th_Earl_of_Warwick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic shield">Heraldic shield</a></figcaption></figure><p> The Earl of Warwick's coat of arms was unusually complex for the period, with seven different <a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quarterings</a> in an unusual order. The first grand quarter consists of the arms of his father-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick">Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick</a>, who bore his arms quartering Despenser (the arms of his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_le_Despenser,_Countess_of_Worcester" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester">Isabel le Despenser</a>) with an inescutcheon of De Clare, which Warwick showed in the fourth quarter. The second grand quarter showed the arms of Montagu (quartering Monthermer). The third grand quarter showed the arms of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Neville" title="House of Neville">Neville</a> <a href="/wiki/Difference_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference (heraldry)">differenced</a> – rather <a href="/wiki/Augmentation_of_honour" title="Augmentation of honour">honourably augmented</a> – by a label <i>compony argent and azure</i> for Beaufort<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a>) to signify the royal descent from Warwick's father <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury</a>, who was the eldest son and heir of <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville,_1st_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland">Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Countess_of_Westmorland" title="Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland">Lady Joan Beaufort</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster">John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> third son of King Edward III and great-grandfather of the last Lancastrian King Henry VI.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percy%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Percy–Neville feud">Percy–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingmaker_(board_game)" title="Kingmaker (board game)">Kingmaker board game</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959385-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959385_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCokayne1959">Cokayne 1959</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_1998,_pp._231,_234,_237_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 231, 234, 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This second marriage was to <a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Countess_of_Westmorland" title="Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland">Joan Beaufort</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster">John of Gaunt</a>; Pollard (2007), pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Earl of Salisbury">Earl of Salisbury</a> 7 May 1429; Hicks (1998), p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warwick was <i>jure uxoris</i> ("by right of his wife") 16th Earl of Warwick from 1449, and in his own right was 6th Earl of Salisbury and 5th Baron Montagu from 1463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark2016" class="citation book cs1">Clark, K.L. (2016). <i>The Nevills of Middleham</i>. The History Press. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-6365-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-6365-7"><bdi>978-0-7509-6365-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nevills+of+Middleham&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-6365-7&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=K.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice was also joint heir to the <a href="/wiki/Abergavenny" title="Abergavenny">Abergavenny</a> lordship; Hicks (1998), p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hicks-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keen (2003), p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff (2001), p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Richmond, Colin (2004). "Beaufort, Edmund, first Duke of Somerset (c. 1406–1455)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1855">10.1093/ref:odnb/1855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beaufort%2C+Edmund%2C+first+Duke+of+Somerset+%28c.+1406%E2%80%931455%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1855&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1992), p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1984" class="citation journal cs1">Griffiths, R.A. (1984). 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L. Harriss">Harriss, G. L.</a> (1960). "The Struggle for Calais: An Aspect of the Rivalry between Lancaster and York". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="English Historical Review">English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>lxxv</b> (294): 30–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXV.294.30">10.1093/ehr/LXXV.294.30</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/558799">558799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Struggle+for+Calais%3A+An+Aspect+of+the+Rivalry+between+Lancaster+and+York&rft.volume=lxxv&rft.issue=294&rft.pages=30-53&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXV.294.30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F558799%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=G.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriss (2005), p. 638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob (1961), p. 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck (1985), p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H164-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H164_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H164_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1997), p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck (1985), p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriss (2005), p. 641.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vanora_Bennett" title="Vanora Bennett">Bennett, Vanora</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914035651/http://vanorabennett.com/book/figures-in-silk-aka-queen-of-silks-london-and-the-wars-of-the-roses/">"London and the Wars of the Roses"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanorabennett.com/book/figures-in-silk-aka-queen-of-silks-london-and-the-wars-of-the-roses/">the original</a> on 14 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+and+the+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Vanora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvanorabennett.com%2Fbook%2Ffigures-in-silk-aka-queen-of-silks-london-and-the-wars-of-the-roses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff (2001), p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">York was of royal lineage, and—allowing for <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> descent—actually had a better claim to the throne than Henry; Ross (1997), pp. 3–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 186–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keen (2003), p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (1988), p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff (2001), p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watts (1996), p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff (2001), pp. 331–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob (1961), pp. 527–528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 255–256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K372-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-K372_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keen (2003), p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), pp. 77–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB_Montagu-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_Montagu_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_Montagu_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Horrox, Rosemary (2004). 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19946">10.1093/ref:odnb/19946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neville%2C+John%2C+Marquess+Montagu+%28c.+1431%E2%80%931471%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19946&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hicks, Michael (2004). "Neville, George (1432–1476)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19934">10.1093/ref:odnb/19934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neville%2C+George+%281432%E2%80%931476%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19934&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 228, 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 244–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R91-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R91_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R91_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1997), pp. 169–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2007" class="citation book cs1">Hicks, Michael (2007). <i>Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III</i>. Stroud: The History Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+Neville%3A+Queen+to+Richard+III&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (1988), pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 230, 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 259–264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), pp. 264–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Robin of Redesdale" was an alias; the rebellion was actually led by Warwick's northern retainers; Hicks (1998), pp. 270–271, 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H66-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H66_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H66_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), pp. 131–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1997), p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScofield1922" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Scofield, C.L. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/2523874">"The capture of Lord Rivers and Sir Antony Woodville, 19 Jan. 1460"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/English_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="English Historical Review">English Historical Review</a></i>. xxxvii (146): 544–546. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXVII.CXLVI.253">10.1093/ehr/XXXVII.CXLVI.253</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/552360">552360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+capture+of+Lord+Rivers+and+Sir+Antony+Woodville%2C+19+Jan.+1460&rft.volume=xxxvii&rft.issue=146&rft.pages=544-546&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXVII.CXLVI.253&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F552360%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Scofield&rft.aufirst=C.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F2523874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1969), p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keen (2003), p. 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There has been debate over Warwick's actual involvement in the plot; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland1988" class="citation journal cs1">Holland, P. (1988). "The Lincolnshire Rebellion of March 1470". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="English Historical Review">English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>ciii</b> (409): 849–869. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FCIII.CCCCIX.849">10.1093/ehr/CIII.CCCCIX.849</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/570259">570259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Lincolnshire+Rebellion+of+March+1470&rft.volume=ciii&rft.issue=409&rft.pages=849-869&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FCIII.CCCCIX.849&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F570259%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1979" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._J._Pollard" title="A. J. Pollard">Pollard, A.J.</a> (1979). "Lord FitzHugh's Rising in 1470". <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i>. <b>lii</b>: 170–175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&rft.atitle=Lord+FitzHugh%27s+Rising+in+1470&rft.volume=lii&rft.pages=170-175&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1969), pp. 292–293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1969), p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The date was not 29 September, as some sources (e.g. Hicks (1998), p. 300) state; Ross (1997), p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuck_1985,_p._284-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tuck_1985,_p._284_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tuck_1985,_p._284_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck (1985), p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolff (2001), pp. 344–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P73-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P73_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P73_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H310-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H310_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-H310_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkinson (1969), p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though the king's exact fate is unknown, there is little doubt that he was murdered; Wolff (2001), p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The legality of appropriating these lands was highly doubtful, as they were held by the countess <i><a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a></i>, and should not have been affected by the earl's forfeiture; Ross (1997), pp. 188–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1980), pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first writer to use the term "Kingmaker" about Warwick was <a href="/wiki/John_Major_(philosopher)" title="John Major (philosopher)">John Mair</a> in 1521, though Major wrote in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (<i>regum creator</i>). It was <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Daniel" title="Samuel Daniel">Samuel Daniel</a> who in 1609 first used the term in English, and not until the eighteenth century was it popularised, by <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>; Hicks (1998), pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hicks_5-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_5_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hicks_5_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hicks (1998), p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume1826" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume, David</a> (1826). <i>History of England</i>. Vol. iii. Oxford. p. 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=160&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLytton1843" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Baron_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton">Lytton, Edward Bulwer</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastofbarons00lyttiala"><i>The Last of the Barons</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+of+the+Barons&rft.place=London&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Lytton&rft.aufirst=Edward+Bulwer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastofbarons00lyttiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oman (1899), p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kendall (1957), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keen (2003), p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollard (2007), p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross (1997), pp. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (1997), pp. 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Commynes1924" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Commynes, Phillip (1 January 1924). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Www.lesbelleslettres.com/livre/3913-memoires-tome-i-1464-1474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Www.lesbelleslettres.com/livre/3913-memoires-tome-i-1464-1474 (page does not exist)">Calmette, Joseph</a>; Durville, G. (eds.). <i>Mémoires</i> (in French). Les Belles Lettres. pp. 194–216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires&rft.place=Les+Belles+Lettres&rft.pages=194-216&rft.date=1924-01-01&rft.aulast=de+Commynes&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Beauforts, legitimised issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, bore the royal arms differenced by a bordure <i>compony argent and azure</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull (1985), <i>The Book of the Medieval Knight</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Carpenter_(historian)" title="Christine Carpenter (historian)">Carpenter, Christine</a> (1992). <i>Locality and polity: A study of Warwickshire landed society, 1401–1499</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5213-7016-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5213-7016-5"><bdi>978-0-5213-7016-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locality+and+polity%3A+A+study+of+Warwickshire+landed+society%2C+1401%E2%80%931499&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-5213-7016-5&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1997" class="citation book cs1">—— (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0A9frbkU0MC"><i>The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the constitution in England, c. 1437–1509</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5213-1874-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5213-1874-7"><bdi>978-0-5213-1874-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+the+Roses%3A+Politics+and+the+constitution+in+England%2C+c.+1437%E2%80%931509&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-5213-1874-7&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz0A9frbkU0MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCokayne1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Cokayne" title="George Edward Cokayne">Cokayne, G.</a> (1959). G.H. White (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>. Vol. 12 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Peerage&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St.+Catherine+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Cokayne&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarriss2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._L._Harriss" title="G. L. Harriss">Harriss, G.L.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t0ISN2Reg_UC"><i>Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_History_of_England" title="New Oxford History of England">New Oxford History of England</a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press (published 27 January 2005). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-2816-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-2816-5"><bdi>978-0-1982-2816-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+the+Nation%3A+England+1360%E2%80%931461&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=New+Oxford+History+of+England&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-1982-2816-5&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=G.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt0ISN2Reg_UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_(historian)" title="Michael Hicks (historian)">Hicks, Michael</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6v8mzfcxFQC"><i>Warwick the Kingmaker</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6311-6259-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6311-6259-9"><bdi>978-0-6311-6259-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warwick+the+Kingmaker&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-6311-6259-9&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt6v8mzfcxFQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Jacob" title="E. F. Jacob">Jacob, E.F.</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_TYIAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Fifteenth Century: 1399–1485</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_History_of_England" title="Oxford History of England">Oxford History of England</a>. Vol. 6. Oxford: Clarendon Press (published 31 December 1961). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-1714-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1982-1714-5"><bdi>978-0-1982-1714-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifteenth+Century%3A+1399%E2%80%931485&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+History+of+England&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-1982-1714-5&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=E.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_TYIAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeen2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Keen" title="Maurice Keen">Keen, Maurice</a> (2003) [1973]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8OAAgAAQBAJ"><i>England in the Later Middle Ages</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: Routledge (published 20 November 2003). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4152-7293-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4152-7293-3"><bdi>978-0-4152-7293-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Later+Middle+Ages&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-4152-7293-3&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK8OAAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendall1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Murray_Kendall" title="Paul Murray Kendall">Kendall, Paul Murray</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yGQOAQAAIAAJ"><i>Warwick the Kingmaker</i></a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3511-7096-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3511-7096-6"><bdi>978-0-3511-7096-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warwick+the+Kingmaker&rft.place=London&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0-3511-7096-6&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.aufirst=Paul+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyGQOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOman1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Oman" title="Charles Oman">Oman, Charles</a> (1899). <i>Warwick, the Kingmaker</i> (reprinted ed.). London; New York: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warwick%2C+the+Kingmaker&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.edition=reprinted&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Oman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._J._Pollard" title="A. J. Pollard">Pollard, A.J.</a> (1988). <i>The Wars of the Roses</i>. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3334-0603-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-3334-0603-6"><bdi>0-3334-0603-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-3334-0603-6&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">—— (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190207181435/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19955">"Neville, Richard, sixteenth earl of Warwick"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19955">10.1093/ref:odnb/19955</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19955">the original</a> on 7 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neville%2C+Richard%2C+sixteenth+earl+of+Warwick&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19955&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-19955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard2007" class="citation book cs1">Pollard, A.J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=62NnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Warwick the Kingmaker: Politics, Power and Fame</i></a>. London: Hambledon (published 1 October 2007). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8472-5182-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8472-5182-4"><bdi>978-1-8472-5182-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warwick+the+Kingmaker%3A+Politics%2C+Power+and+Fame&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-8472-5182-4&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D62NnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ross_(historian)" title="Charles Ross (historian)">Ross, Charles</a> (1997). <i>Edward IV</i> (new ed.). New Haven, London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3000-7372-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-3000-7372-0"><bdi>0-3000-7372-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+IV&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+London&rft.edition=new&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-3000-7372-0&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuck1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tuck" title="Anthony Tuck">Tuck, Anthony</a> (1985). <i>Crown and Nobility 1272–1461: Political Conflict in Late Medieval England</i>. London: Fontana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-0068-6084-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-0068-6084-2"><bdi>0-0068-6084-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+and+Nobility+1272%E2%80%931461%3A+Political+Conflict+in+Late+Medieval+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fontana&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-0068-6084-2&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts1996" class="citation book cs1">Watts, John (1996). <i>Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-5214-2039-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-5214-2039-3"><bdi>0-5214-2039-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+VI+and+the+Politics+of+Kingship&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-5214-2039-3&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1969" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Bertie (1969). <i>The later Middle Ages in England, 1216–1485</i>. Harlow: Longmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-5824-8265-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-5824-8265-8"><bdi>0-5824-8265-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+later+Middle+Ages+in+England%2C+1216%E2%80%931485&rft.place=Harlow&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-5824-8265-8&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Bertie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff2001" class="citation book cs1">Wolff, Bertram Percy (2001). <i>Henry VI</i> (new ed.). New Haven, London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3000-8926-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-3000-8926-0"><bdi>0-3000-8926-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+VI&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+London&rft.edition=new&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-3000-8926-0&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Bertram+Percy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronicles">Chronicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Chronicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1938" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, A.H. (1938). Thornley, I.D. (ed.). <i>The Great Chronicle of London</i>. London: Guildhall Library manuscript.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Chronicle+of+London&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Guildhall+Library+manuscript&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=A.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommynes1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Commines" title="Philippe de Commines">Commynes, Philippe de</a> (1972). Jones, Michael (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207002100/http://www.r3.org/bookcase/de_commynes/decom_1.html"><i>Memoirs: The Reign of Louis XI 1461–83</i></a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1404-4264-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-1404-4264-2"><bdi>0-1404-4264-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.r3.org/bookcase/de_commynes/decom_1.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs%3A+The+Reign+of+Louis+XI+1461%E2%80%9383&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-1404-4264-2&rft.aulast=Commynes&rft.aufirst=Philippe+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.r3.org%2Fbookcase%2Fde_commynes%2Fdecom_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious_authors1908" class="citation book cs1">Various authors (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.r3.org/bookcase/croyland/index.html"><i>Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland</i></a>. London: G. Bell & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Abbey+of+Croyland&rft.place=London&rft.pub=G.+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Various+authors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.r3.org%2Fbookcase%2Fcroyland%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockray1988" class="citation book cs1">Dockray, Keith, ed. (1988). <i>Three Chronicles of the Reign of Edward IV (A Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth; Chronicle of the Rebellion in Lincolnshire, 1470; Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV)</i>. Gloucester: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8629-9568-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8629-9568-X"><bdi>0-8629-9568-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Chronicles+of+the+Reign+of+Edward+IV+%28A+Chronicle+of+the+First+Thirteen+Years+of+the+Reign+of+King+Edward+the+Fourth%3B+Chronicle+of+the+Rebellion+in+Lincolnshire%2C+1470%3B+Historie+of+the+Arrivall+of+Edward+IV%29&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8629-9568-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1938" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lily Bess, ed. (1938). <i>The Mirror for Magistrates</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mirror+for+Magistrates&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1980" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Charles, ed. (1980). <i>Rous Roll</i>. Gloucester: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9043-8743-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9043-8743-7"><bdi>0-9043-8743-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rous+Roll&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-9043-8743-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1983" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, C.A.J. (1983). <i>England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century</i>. London: Hambleton Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9076-2813-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9076-2813-3"><bdi>0-9076-2813-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England%2C+France+and+Burgundy+in+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambleton+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-9076-2813-3&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=C.A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockray1983" class="citation journal cs1">Dockray, K.R. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220612192843/http://www.richardiii.net/downloads/Ricardian/essay_dockray_yorkshire_rebellion.pdf">"The Yorkshire Rebellions of 1469"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Ricardian</i>. <b>6</b> (82): 246–257. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richardiii.net/downloads/Ricardian/essay_dockray_yorkshire_rebellion.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ricardian&rft.atitle=The+Yorkshire+Rebellions+of+1469&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=82&rft.pages=246-257&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Dockray&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardiii.net%2Fdownloads%2FRicardian%2Fessay_dockray_yorkshire_rebellion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGairdner1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Gairdner" title="James Gairdner">Gairdner, James</a> (1875). <i>The Houses of Lancaster and York: With the Conquest and Loss of France</i>. Longmans, Green and Co: London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Houses+of+Lancaster+and+York%3A+With+the+Conquest+and+Loss+of+France&rft.place=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Gairdner&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Goodman_(historian)" title="Anthony Goodman (historian)">Goodman, Anthony</a> (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warsofrosesmilit0000good"><i>The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society, 1452–97</i></a></span>. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-0728-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-0728-0"><bdi>0-7100-0728-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+the+Roses%3A+Military+Activity+and+English+Society%2C+1452%E2%80%9397&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-7100-0728-0&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarsofrosesmilit0000good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1981" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, R.A. (1981). <i>The reign of King Henry VI: The Exercise of Royal Authority, 1422–1461</i>. London: Benn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-5102-6261-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-5102-6261-9"><bdi>0-5102-6261-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+reign+of+King+Henry+VI%3A+The+Exercise+of+Royal+Authority%2C+1422%E2%80%931461&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Benn&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-5102-6261-9&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossLander1996" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Anthony; Lander, J.R. (1996). <i>The Dissolution of the Lancastrian Kingship: Sir John Fortescue and the Crisis of Monarchy in Fifteenth-Century England</i>. Stamford: Paul Watkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8716-1590-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-8716-1590-9"><bdi>1-8716-1590-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dissolution+of+the+Lancastrian+Kingship%3A+Sir+John+Fortescue+and+the+Crisis+of+Monarchy+in+Fifteenth-Century+England&rft.place=Stamford&rft.pub=Paul+Watkins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-8716-1590-9&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Lander%2C+J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1990" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, P.W. (1990). <i>The battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury</i>. Gloucester: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8629-9385-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8629-9385-7"><bdi>0-8629-9385-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+battles+of+Barnet+and+Tewkesbury&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8629-9385-7&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=P.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1979" class="citation journal cs1">Hicks, Michael (1979). "Descent, Partition and Extinction: The "Warwick Inheritance"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research" title="Institute of Historical Research">Institute of Historical Research</a></i>. <b>lii</b> (126): 116–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.1979.tb02217.x">10.1111/j.1468-2281.1979.tb02217.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Historical+Research&rft.atitle=Descent%2C+Partition+and+Extinction%3A+The+%22Warwick+Inheritance%22&rft.volume=lii&rft.issue=126&rft.pages=116-128&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.1979.tb02217.x&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1991" class="citation book cs1">—— (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UO3eBAAAQBAJ"><i>Richard III and his Rivals: Magnates and their Motives in the Wars of the Roses</i></a>. London: Hambledon Press (published 1 July 1991). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8528-5053-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8528-5053-1"><bdi>978-1-8528-5053-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+III+and+his+Rivals%3A+Magnates+and+their+Motives+in+the+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-8528-5053-1&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUO3eBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1992" class="citation book cs1">—— (1992). <i>False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence: George, Duke of Clarence 1449–78</i> (rev. ed.). Bangor: Headstart History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8730-4108-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-8730-4108-X"><bdi>1-8730-4108-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=False%2C+Fleeting%2C+Perjur%27d+Clarence%3A+George%2C+Duke+of+Clarence+1449%E2%80%9378&rft.place=Bangor&rft.edition=rev.&rft.pub=Headstart+History&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-8730-4108-X&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks1995" class="citation book cs1">—— (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bastardfeudalism0000hick"><i>Bastard Feudalism</i></a></span>. London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-5820-6091-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-5820-6091-5"><bdi>0-5820-6091-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bastard+Feudalism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-5820-6091-5&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbastardfeudalism0000hick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1988" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, P.A. (1988). <i>Duke Richard of York 1411–1460</i>. Oxford: Clarendon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1982-2946-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-1982-2946-1"><bdi>0-1982-2946-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke+Richard+of+York+1411%E2%80%931460&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-1982-2946-1&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1989" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, M.K. (1989). "Somerset, York and the Wars of the Roses". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="English Historical Review">English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>civ</b>: 285–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FCIV.CCCCXI.285">10.1093/ehr/CIV.CCCCXI.285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Somerset%2C+York+and+the+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.volume=civ&rft.pages=285-307&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FCIV.CCCCXI.285&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=M.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1997" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604114544/http://droppdf.com/files/ON0Vb/jones-1997-historical-research.pdf">"Edward IV, the earl of Warwick and the Yorkist Claim to the Throne"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Research">Historical Research</a></i>. <b>70</b> (173): 342–352. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2281.00048">10.1111/1468-2281.00048</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://droppdf.com/files/ON0Vb/jones-1997-historical-research.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=Edward+IV%2C+the+earl+of+Warwick+and+the+Yorkist+Claim+to+the+Throne&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=173&rft.pages=342-352&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2281.00048&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=M.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdroppdf.com%2Ffiles%2FON0Vb%2Fjones-1997-historical-research.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLander1976" class="citation book cs1">Lander, J.R. (1976). <i>Crown and Nobility, 1450–1509</i>. London: Edward Arnold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7131-5833-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7131-5833-6"><bdi>0-7131-5833-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+and+Nobility%2C+1450%E2%80%931509&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Edward+Arnold&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-7131-5833-6&rft.aulast=Lander&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K._B._McFarlane" title="K. B. McFarlane">McFarlane, K.B.</a> (1981). <i>The Nobility of Later Medieval England</i>. London: Hambledon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9506-8825-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9506-8825-8"><bdi>0-9506-8825-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nobility+of+Later+Medieval+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-9506-8825-8&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=K.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane1973" class="citation book cs1">—— (1973). <i>England in the Fifteenth Century</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1982-2657-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-1982-2657-8"><bdi>0-1982-2657-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-1982-2657-8&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=K.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1990" class="citation book cs1">Pollard, A.J. (1990). <i>North-Eastern England during the Wars of the Rosxes</i>. Oxford: Clarendon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1982-0087-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-1982-0087-0"><bdi>0-1982-0087-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North-Eastern+England+during+the+Wars+of+the+Rosxes&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-1982-0087-0&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Pugh, T.B. (1990). "Richard, Duke of York, and the Rebellion of Henry Holand, Duke of Exeter, in May 1454". <i>Historical Research</i>. lxiii (152): 248–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.1990.tb00888.x">10.1111/j.1468-2281.1990.tb00888.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=Richard%2C+Duke+of+York%2C+and+the+Rebellion+of+Henry+Holand%2C+Duke+of+Exeter%2C+in+May+1454&rft.volume=lxiii&rft.issue=152&rft.pages=248-262&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.1990.tb00888.x&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=T.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond1967" class="citation journal cs1">Richmond, C.F. (1967). "English Naval Power in the Fifteenth Century". <i>History</i>. <b>lii</b> (174): 1–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1967.tb01187.x">10.1111/j.1468-229X.1967.tb01187.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=English+Naval+Power+in+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.volume=lii&rft.issue=174&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1967.tb01187.x&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=C.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond1970" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1970). "The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses". <i>Journal of Historical Sociology</i>. <b>ix</b> (4): 395–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-6443.1996.tb00104.x">10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00104.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Historical+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Nobility+and+the+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.volume=ix&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=395-409&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-6443.1996.tb00104.x&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=C.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1979" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Charles, ed. (1979). <i>Patronage Pedigree and Power</i>. Gloucester: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9043-8737-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9043-8737-2"><bdi>0-9043-8737-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patronage+Pedigree+and+Power&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-9043-8737-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey1986" class="citation book cs1">Storey, R.L. (1986). <i>The End of the House of Lancaster</i>. Gloucester: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8629-9290-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8629-9290-7"><bdi>0-8629-9290-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+House+of+Lancaster&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8629-9290-7&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=R.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neville%2C+16th+Earl+of+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" class="extiw" title="commons:Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick"><span style="font-style:italic; 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I, part B of <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19212">History of England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/warwick.htm"><i>War of the Roses: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker' (1428–1471)</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nevillfeast.wordpress.com">http://nevillfeast.wordpress.com</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers" title="Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers">Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Warden_of_the_Cinque_Ports" title="Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports">Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports</a> </b><br />1460–1471 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_(died_1485)" title="John Scott (died 1485)">John Scott</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Captain_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of Calais">Captain of Calais</a> </b><br />1455–1458 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Captain_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of Calais">Captain of Calais</a> </b><br />1461–1471 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Woodville,_2nd_Earl_Rivers" title="Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers">Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter" title="Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter">Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral</a> </b><br />1461–1462 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Neville,_1st_Earl_of_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent">William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral</a> </b><br />1470–1471 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_15th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick">Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 16th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick" title="Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Beauchamp,_16th_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick">Anne Neville</a>)</span> </b><br />1449–1471 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Plantagenet,_17th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick">Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Montacute,_5th_Countess_of_Salisbury" title="Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury">Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 6th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Earl of Salisbury">Earl of Salisbury</a> </b><br />1462–1471 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Extinct </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Roses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_of_the_Roses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster">Red Rose of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York">White Rose of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses_family_tree" title="Template:Wars of the Roses family tree">Family tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/15px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/23px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/15px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/23px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/50px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/75px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/100px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/50px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/75px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/100px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort_(died_1471)" title="Edmund Beaufort (died 1471)">Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beaumont,_1st_Viscount_Beaumont" title="John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont">John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sutton,_1st_Baron_Dudley" title="John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley">John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_5th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond">James Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler,_6th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond">John Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clifford,_9th_Baron_Clifford" title="John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford">John Clifford, Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Courtenay,_15th_Earl_of_Devon" title="John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon">John Courtenay, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter" title="Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter">Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_Baron_Neville" title="John Neville, Baron Neville">John Neville, Baron Neville</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_1st_Marquess_of_Montagu" title="John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu">John Neville, Marquess of Montagu</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1471)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1471)">Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ros,_9th_Baron_Ros" title="Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros">Thomas Ros, Baron Ros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stanley,_1st_Earl_of_Derby" title="Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby">Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley,_9th_Baron_Strange" title="George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange">George Stanley, Baron Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_(died_1495)" title="William Stanley (died 1495)">William Stanley</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_2nd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Trollope" title="Andrew Trollope">Andrew Trollope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clifford,_8th_Baron_Clifford" title="Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford">Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tuchet,_5th_Baron_Audley" title="James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley">James Tuchet, Baron Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Richmond" title="Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond">Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tudor" title="Jasper Tudor">Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woodville,_Lord_Scales" title="Edward Woodville, Lord Scales">Edward Woodville, Lord Scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/50px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/75px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/100px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln">John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzGerald,_7th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond">Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1469)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William Hastings, Baron Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard,_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk">John Howard, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mowbray,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1460)">Sir Thomas Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Neville,_Earl_of_Kent" title="William Neville, Earl of Kent">William Neville, Earl of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Herbert_of_Coldbrook" title="Richard Herbert of Coldbrook">Sir Richard Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon">Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">St Albans (First)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveday_(1458)" title="Loveday (1458)">Loveday (1458)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath" title="Battle of Blore Heath">Blore Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rout_of_Ludford_Bridge" title="Rout of Ludford Bridge">Ludford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandwich_(1460)" title="Battle of Sandwich (1460)">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Tower_of_London_(1460)" title="Siege of the Tower of London (1460)">Siege of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worksop" title="Battle of Worksop">Worksop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Mortimer's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">St Albans (Second)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Ferrybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Towton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piltown" title="Battle of Piltown">Piltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hedgeley_Moor" title="Battle of Hedgeley Moor">Hedgeley Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham" title="Battle of Hexham">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgcote" title="Battle of Edgcote">Edgcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470_Lincolnshire_Rebellion" title="1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion">1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Losecoat_Field" title="Battle of Losecoat Field">Losecoat Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">Readeption of Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_London_(1471)" title="Siege of London (1471)">Siege of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham%27s_rebellion" title="Buckingham's rebellion">Buckingham's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Bosworth Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_and_Lovell_rebellion" title="Stafford and Lovell rebellion">Stafford and Lovell rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field" title="Battle of Stoke Field">Stoke Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Accord" title="Act of Accord">Act of Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issue_of_Edward_III_of_England" title="Issue of Edward III of England">Issue of Edward III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonville%E2%80%93Courtenay_feud" title="Bonville–Courtenay feud">Bonville–Courtenay feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Percy–Neville feud">Percy–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Neville–Neville feud">Neville–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deal" title="Battle of Deal">Battle of Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cornish_uprising_of_1497" title="Second Cornish uprising of 1497">Second Cornish uprising of 1497</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Briefly joined the Lancastrians. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Briefly joined the Yorkists. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span> Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span> Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span> Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim. <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054860680">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3828747">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/102005/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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