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class="css-1jpwf16"></div></div></aside></div><aside data-testid="mobile-leaderboard" class="css-pdceuf"><div class="css-11egx89"><button class="icon-hl-close-thick css-16m9poz"></button><div data-empty="true" class="css-1fteite"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="mlb1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="mlb1" data-ad="true" class="css-bcus5s"></div></div></div></aside><div data-placement="subheader"></div><div><div class="css-m260rd"><div data-article-body="0" class="css-1h1rean css-1kdolwm"><div class="css-z468a2"><h1>Cancer: Types, Causes, Prevention, and More</h1><div data-preamp="social-proof-lessons"></div><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-jy1umg"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-quwpxp"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Faith-Selchick-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Faith Selchick, DNP, AOCNP</a>, <span>Nursing</span>, <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" href="https://www.healthline.com/about/oncology">Oncology</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Heather Hobbs</a></span></span></span></span> — <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span> Updated on January 17, 2023</span></a></div></section></div><div><nav id="tab-bar-0" data-testid="tab-bar" class="css-7u7i0a"><ul class="css-17ztj4b"><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#causes" class="css-1r1p1p8">Causes</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#risk-factors" class="css-1r1p1p8">Risk factors</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#types" class="css-1r1p1p8">Types</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#early-detection" class="css-1r1p1p8">Early detection</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#how-cancer-grows" class="css-1r1p1p8">How cancer grows</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#treatment" class="css-1r1p1p8">Treatment</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#outlook" class="css-1r1p1p8">Outlook</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#prevention" class="css-1r1p1p8">Prevention</a></li><li class="css-t753mo"><a href="#takeaway" class="css-1r1p1p8">Takeaway</a></li></ul></nav><article class="article-body css-d2znx6 undefined"><div class="css-12va8w7"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><p class="css-w2pt6r">Cancer occurs when genetic mutations in abnormal cells cause them to divide rapidly. You can inherit mutations or develop them due to environmental factors. </p></div></div><div><p>Cancer is a large group of diseases that occur when abnormal cells divide rapidly and can spread to other tissue and organs.</p></div><div><div data-preamp="serena-chatbot"></div></div><div><p>These rapidly growing cells may cause tumors. They may also disrupt the body’s regular function.</p></div><div><p>Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the <hl-trusted-source source="World Health Organization" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">World Health Organization (WHO)</a></hl-trusted-source>, cancer accounted for almost 1 in 6 deaths in 2020. <meta charSet="utf-8">Experts are working hard to test out <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/is-there-a-cure-for-cancer" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.healthline.com/health/is-there-a-cure-for-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">new cancer treatments</a> every day.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="causes">What causes cancer?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>The main cause of cancer is mutations, or changes to the DNA in your cells. Genetic mutations can be inherited. They can also occur after birth as a result of environmental forces. </p></div><div><p>These external causes, called carcinogens, can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>physical carcinogens like radiation and ultraviolet (UV) light</li><li>chemical carcinogens like cigarette smoke, asbestos, alcohol, air pollution, and contaminated food and drinking water</li><li>biological carcinogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites</li></ul></div><div><p>According to the <hl-trusted-source source="World Health Organization" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">WHO</a></hl-trusted-source>, about 33 percent of cancer deaths may be caused by tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), low fruit and vegetable consumption, and not getting enough physical activity.</p></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="risk-factors">Risk factors</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Certain risk factors may increase your chance of developing cancer. These risk factors can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>tobacco use</li><li>high alcohol consumption</li><li>an unhealthy diet, characterized by red and processed <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/does-red-meat-cause-cancer" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.healthline.com/health/does-red-meat-cause-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">meat</a>, sugary drinks and salty snacks, starchy foods, and refined carbohydrates including sugars and processed grains, according to a <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/75/6/405/3861189?login=true" data-type="URL" data-id="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/75/6/405/3861189?login=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">2017 review</a></li><li>a lack of physical activity</li><li>exposure to air pollution</li><li>exposure to radiation</li><li>unprotected exposure to UV light, such as sunlight</li><li>infection by certain viruses including <em><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/helicobacter-pylori" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">H. pylori</a></em>, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">human papillomavirus (HPV)</a>, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-b" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">hepatitis B</a>, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-c" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">hepatitis C</a>, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/hiv-vs-aids" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">HIV</a>, and the <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/epstein-barr-virus" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Epstein-Barr virus</a>, which causes infectious mononucleosis</li></ul></div><div><p>The risk of developing cancer also increases with age. In general, the risk of developing cancer appears to increase until the <hl-trusted-source source="National Cancer Institute " rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">age of 70 to 80</a></hl-trusted-source> and then diminish, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). </p></div><div><p>A <hl-trusted-source source="Nature" rationale="Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">2020 review</a></hl-trusted-source> suggests this may be the result of:</p></div><div><ul><li>less effective cell repair mechanisms that come with aging</li><li>buildup of risk factors over the course of life</li><li>duration of exposures to carcinogens</li></ul></div><div><p>Some existing health conditions that cause inflammation may also increase your risk of cancer. An example is ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="types">Types of cancer</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Cancers are named for the area in which they begin and the type of cell they are made of, even if they spread to other parts of the body. For example, a cancer that begins in the lungs and spreads to the liver is still called lung cancer. </p></div><div><p>There are also several clinical terms used for certain general types of cancer:</p></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/carcinoma-vs-sarcoma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Carcinoma</a> is a cancer that starts in the skin or the tissues that line other organs.</li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/rhabdomyosarcoma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Sarcoma</a> is a cancer of connective tissues such as bones, muscles, cartilage, and blood vessels.</li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Leukemia</a> is a cancer of the bone marrow, which creates blood cells.</li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Lymphoma</a> and <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">myeloma</a> are cancers of the immune system.</li></ul></div><div><p>Learn more about specific types of cancer with the resources below.</p></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/appendix-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">appendix cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/bladder-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">bladder cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/bone-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">bone cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">brain cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">breast cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cervical-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">cervical cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/colon-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">colon or colorectal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/duodenal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">duodenal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">ear cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/endometrial-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">endometrial cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/esophageal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">esophageal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-cancer-symptoms" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">heart cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/gallbladder-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">gallbladder cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">kidney or renal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/laryngeal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">laryngeal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">leukemia</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/lip-cancers" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">lip cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">liver cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">lung cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">lymphoma</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">mesothelioma</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">myeloma</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">oral cancers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/ovarian-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">ovarian cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">pancreatic cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-penis" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">penile cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">prostate cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">rectal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">skin cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/small-intestine-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">small intestine cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/spleen-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">spleen cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/gastric-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">stomach or gastric cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">testicular cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">thyroid cancer</a></li><li>uterine cancer</li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">vaginal cancer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-vulva" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">vulvar cancer</a></li></ul></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline9__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline9__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="early-detection">The importance of early detection</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Early detection is when cancer is found in its early stages. This can increase the effectiveness of treatment and lower the mortality rate.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/top-4-cancer-screenings-that-should-be-on-your-radar" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Cancer screenings</a> may help detect signs of cancer early. Some common cancer screenings may detect:</p></div><div><ul><li><strong>Cervical cancer and prostate cancer.</strong> Some screenings, such as for cervical cancer and prostate cancer, may be done as part of routine exams.</li><li><strong>Lung cancer.</strong> <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-screening-guidelines" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Screenings for lung cancer</a> may be performed regularly for those who have certain risk factors.</li><li><strong>Skin cancer.</strong> <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer-screening" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Skin cancer screenings</a> may be performed by a dermatologist if you have skin concerns or are at risk of skin cancer.</li><li><strong>Colorectal cancer.</strong> The <hl-trusted-source source="American Cancer Society" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">American Cancer Society (ACS)</a></hl-trusted-source> recommends regular <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wcolorectal-cancer-screenings-before-age-50" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">screenings for colorectal cancer</a> beginning at age 45. These screenings are typically performed during a colonoscopy. <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/dreading-colonoscopy-other-effective-tests-for-colon-cancer-032015" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">At-home testing kits</a> may also be able to detect some forms of colorectal cancer, according to a <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">2017 review of research</a></hl-trusted-source>.</li><li><strong>Breast cancer.</strong> <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer-tests" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Mammograms</a> to test for breast cancer are recommended for women ages <hl-trusted-source source="American Cancer Society" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">45 and older</a></hl-trusted-source>, but you may choose to begin screenings at age 40. In people at a high risk, screenings may be recommended earlier.</li></ul></div><div><p>If you have a family history of cancer or have a high risk of developing cancer, it is important to follow a doctor’s screening recommendations.</p></div><div><p>While recognizing <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-warning-signs" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">cancer warning signs</a> may help people with cancer seek diagnosis and treatment, some cancers may be harder to detect early and may not show symptoms until the later stages.</p></div><div><p>Signs and symptoms of cancer can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>lumps or growths on the body</li><li>unexplained weight loss</li><li>fever</li><li>tiredness and fatigue</li><li>pain</li><li>night sweats</li><li>changes in digestion</li><li>changes in skin</li><li>cough</li></ul></div><div><p>Specific types of cancers often have their <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-can-you-have-cancer-without-knowing" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">own warning signs</a>. If you are experiencing unexplainable symptoms, it is best to contact a doctor for a diagnosis.</p></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="how-cancer-grows">How does cancer grow and spread?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h3>Abnormal cell division</h3></div><div><p>Normal cells in your body grow and divide. Each one has a life cycle determined by the type of cell. As cells become damaged or die off, new cells take their place.</p></div><div><p>Cancer disrupts this process and causes cells to grow abnormally. It’s caused by changes or mutations in the cell’s DNA.</p></div><div><p>The DNA in each cell has instructions that tell the cell what to do and how to grow and divide. Mutations occur frequently in DNA, but usually cells correct these mistakes. When a mistake is not corrected, a cell can become cancerous.</p></div><div><p>Mutations can cause cells that should be replaced to survive instead of die, and new cells to form when they’re not needed. These extra cells can divide uncontrollably, causing tumors to form.</p></div><div><h3>Creation of tumors</h3></div><div><p>Tumors can cause health problems, depending on where they grow in the body.</p></div><div><p>Not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors are noncancerous and do not spread to nearby tissues.</p></div><div><p>But sometimes, tumors can grow large and cause problems when they press against neighboring organs and tissue. Malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade other parts of the body.</p></div><div><h3>Metastasis</h3></div><div><p>Some cancer cells can also spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant areas of the body. This is called metastasis.</p></div><div><p>Cancers that have metastasized are considered more advanced than those that have not. Metastatic cancers are often harder to treat and more fatal.</p></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline14__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline14__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1l7cd95"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="treatment">Treatment</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Cancer treatment can include different options, depending on the type of cancer and how advanced it is.</p></div><div><ul><li><strong>Localized treatment.</strong> Localized treatment usually involves using treatments like surgery or local radiation therapy at a specific area of the body or tumor.</li><li><strong>Systemic treatment.</strong> Systemic drug treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, can affect the entire body.</li><li><strong>Palliative treatment.</strong> <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/palliative-care" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Palliative care</a> involves relieving health symptoms associated with cancer, such as trouble breathing and pain.</li></ul></div><div><p>Different cancer treatments are often used together to remove or destroy as many cancerous cells as possible.</p></div><div><p>The most common types of treatment are:</p></div><div><h3>Surgery</h3></div><div><p>Surgery removes as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery is often used in combination with some other therapy in order to make sure all of the cancer cells are gone.</p></div><div><h3>Chemotherapy</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/chemotherapy" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Chemotherapy</a> is a form of aggressive cancer treatment that uses medications that are toxic to cells to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. It may be used to shrink the size of a tumor or the number of cells in your body and lower the likelihood of the cancer spreading.</p></div><div><h3>Radiation therapy</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-therapy" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Radiation therapy</a> uses powerful, focused beams of radiation to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy done inside of your body is called brachytherapy, while radiation therapy done outside of your body is called external beam radiation.</p></div><div><h3>Stem cell (bone marrow) transplant</h3></div><div><p>This treatment repairs diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can have a variety of functions. These transplants allow doctors to use higher doses of chemotherapy to treat the cancer. A <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia/leukemia-stem-cell-transplant" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">stem cell transplant</a> is commonly used to treat leukemia.</p></div><div><h3>Immunotherapy (biological therapy)</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/value-and-cost-of-immunotherapy" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Immunotherapy</a> uses your body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells. These therapies help your antibodies recognize the cancer, so they can use your body’s natural defenses to destroy cancer cells.</p></div><div><h3>Hormone therapy</h3></div><div><p>Hormone therapy removes or blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers to stop cancer cells from growing. This therapy is a common treatment for cancers that may use hormones to grow and spread, such as certain types of <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer-hormone-therapy-how-it-works-side-effects-more" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">breast cancer</a> and <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer-treatments" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">prostate cancer</a>.</p></div><div><h3>Targeted drug therapy</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/oncology-drugs" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Targeted drug therapy</a> uses drugs to interfere with certain molecules that help cancer cells grow and survive. Genetic testing may reveal if you are eligible for this type of therapy. It may depend on the type of cancer you have and the genetic mutations and molecular characteristics of your tumor.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trials</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/terminal-cancer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Clinical trials</a> investigate new ways to treat cancer. This may include testing the effectiveness of drugs that have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but for other purposes. It can also include trying new drugs. Clinical trials can offer another option for people who may have not seen the level of success they wanted with conventional treatments. In some cases, this treatment may be provided for free.</p></div><div><p>If you are interested in this kind of therapy, <hl-trusted-source source="National Cancer Institute " rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">find clinical trials</a></hl-trusted-source> near you.</p></div><div><h3>Alternative medicine</h3></div><div><p>Alternative medicine may be used to complement another form of treatment. It may help decrease symptoms of cancer and side effects of cancer treatment, such as nausea, fatigue, and pain. Alternative medicine for cancer can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>acupuncture</li><li>yoga</li><li>massage</li><li>meditation</li><li>relaxation techniques</li></ul></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="outlook">Outlook</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>After you get a cancer diagnosis, your outlook can depend on a number of factors. These factors can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>type of cancer</li><li>stage of cancer at diagnosis</li><li>location of cancer</li><li>age</li><li>general health</li></ul></div><div id="hl-incontent-video-ad" data-adbridg-ad-class="hl-incontent" class="css-pp6cpn"></div><div id="div-gpt-ad-out-of-page"></div><div class="css-1cg0byz"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-az6x7v"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline19__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline19__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-itezwm"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="prevention">Prevention</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Knowing the factors that contribute to cancer can help you live a lifestyle that decreases your cancer risk.</p></div><div><p>Preventive measures to reduce your risk of developing cancer can include:</p></div><div><ul><li>avoiding tobacco and secondhand smoke</li><li>limiting your intake of processed meats</li><li>eating a diet that focuses mainly on plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats, such as the <a href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/mediterranean-diet-meal-plan" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">Mediterranean diet</a></li><li>avoiding alcohol or <a href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/alcohol-good-or-bad" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">drinking in moderation</a></li><li>maintaining a <a href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-much-should-i-weigh" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">moderate body weight</a> and BMI</li><li>doing regular moderate physical activity for <hl-trusted-source source="American Cancer Society" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/guidelines.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">150 to 300 minutes</a></hl-trusted-source> per week</li><li>staying protected from the sun by avoiding direct sun exposure and wearing a broad spectrum sunscreen, hat, and sunglasses</li><li>avoiding tanning beds </li><li>getting vaccinated against viral infections that can lead to cancer, such as <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/adult-vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine-schedule" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">hepatitis B</a> and <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/hpv-vaccine-pros-and-cons" class="content-link css-1c2ok3c">HPV</a></li></ul></div><div><p>Meet with a doctor regularly so they can screen you for various types of cancer. This increases your chances of catching any possible cancers as early as possible.</p></div></div><div class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="takeaway">Takeaway</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Cancer is a group of serious diseases that are caused by genetic changes in your cells. Abnormal cancer cells may divide rapidly and form tumors.</p></div><div><p>Risk factors like smoking, drinking alcohol, a lack of physical activity, an unhealthy diet, having a high BMI, and catching certain viruses and bacteria may contribute to developing cancer.</p></div><div><p>Screenings may help detect cancer early when it is easier to treat. The treatment plan and outlook for people with cancer can depend on the type of cancer, the stage at which it is diagnosed, and their age and general health.</p></div></div></article><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div><div class="css-140fa3i"><div class="css-15lc7zf"><h3 id="bylineArticleTools">How we reviewed this article:</h3><div class="css-vrhe66"><button type="button" class="css-5sudr5"><div class="css-rre5oz"><span class="css-1d75hb8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 10C0 4.477 4.477 0 10 0s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10S0 15.523 0 10Zm18.5 0a8.5 8.5 0 1 0-17 0 8.5 8.5 0 0 0 17 0ZM10 4c-.823 0-1.5.677-1.5 1.518C8.5 6.323 9.177 7 10 7c.841 0 1.5-.677 1.5-1.482A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 10 4Zm0 4.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V15a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9.5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span>Sources</span></div></button><button type="button" open="" class="css-5sudr5"><div class="css-rre5oz"><span class="css-1d75hb8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 22 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M3.181 9.732c.43 0 .793-.003 1.157 0 .66.007 1.023.613.696 1.19a221.037 221.037 0 0 1-1.774 3.072c-.329.557-1.038.553-1.366-.007-.6-1.02-1.191-2.043-1.774-3.072-.325-.575.043-1.177.708-1.183h.808c.055-.447.088-.882.165-1.309.557-3.104 2.187-5.489 4.913-7.056 3.679-2.114 8.05-1.75 11.352.913 2.062 1.664 3.29 3.84 3.625 6.473.678 5.323-3.012 10.254-8.308 11.103-3.215.515-6.044-.356-8.476-2.515-.297-.259-.373-.598-.233-.92.14-.323.454-.52.805-.454.187.04.361.13.504.26a8.618 8.618 0 0 0 4.383 2.108c3.72.63 7.513-1.394 9.084-4.846a8.521 8.521 0 0 0-6.047-11.911C8.763.618 4.201 3.71 3.353 8.4c-.078.427-.112.863-.172 1.331Z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M10.12 7.212V3.711a.778.778 0 0 1 1.535-.171c.017.104.024.21.02.314v6.25a.412.412 0 0 0 .168.368c1.125.89 2.241 1.791 3.362 2.686.26.208.405.466.342.803-.11.583-.76.829-1.244.459-.485-.37-.952-.756-1.427-1.135-.79-.633-1.578-1.27-2.373-1.898a.933.933 0 0 1-.385-.793c.008-1.125.003-2.252.003-3.382Z"></path></svg></span><span>History</span></div></button></div><div class="css-1ndif92"><div class="css-1ubyuqj"><div id="article-resources" role="region" class="css-1ugaz02"><div class="css-0">Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our <a class="css-1c2ok3c" href="https://www.healthline.com/about/process">editorial policy</a>.</div><ul class="css-1vedeqe"><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Age and cancer risk. (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>American Cancer Society guideline for colorectal cancer screening. 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Immunotherapy.</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Laconi E, et al. (2020). Cancer as a disease of old age: changing mutational and microenvironmental landscapes.</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Loud J, et al. (2017). Cancer screening and early detection in the 21st century.</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5467686/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5467686/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>What is cancer? (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/what-is-cancer">http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/what-is-cancer</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>White MC, et al. (2014). Age and cancer risk: A potentially modifiable relationship.</span><br/><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4544764/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4544764/</a></cite></li></ul></div></div></div><div open="" class="css-1ndif92"></div></div><div class="css-k1nhka" data-testid="share-tools"><p>Share this article</p><div class="css-14uyzrw"><div class="button-wrapper print"><a class="css-j5n0jw print button icon icon-hl-print" target="_blank" title="Print this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper email"><a class="css-j5n0jw email button icon icon-hl-email" target="_blank" title="Email this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper facebook"><a class="css-j5n0jw facebook button icon icon-hl-facebook" 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class="css-dorrmn"><div class="css-npv6dx"><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-lizeih"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-quwpxp"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Faith-Selchick-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Faith Selchick, DNP, AOCNP</a>, <span>Nursing</span>, <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" href="https://www.healthline.com/about/oncology">Oncology</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Heather Hobbs</a></span></span></span></span> — <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span> Updated on January 17, 2023</span></a></div></section></div></div></div><span 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srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/drinking-cocktail-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer|rn3" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer|rn3" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">A new report highlights a strong association between excessive alcohol consumption and the risk of six different types of cancer, including breast…</a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer|rn3" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?|rn4" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/senior-female-listening-to-doctor-732-549-feature-thumb-1.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/senior-female-listening-to-doctor-732-549-feature-thumb-1.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?|rn4" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-8he51f"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-quwpxp"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alexandra-Perez-500x500-Bio.png"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-1c2ok3c css-ro87dg" href="https://www.healthline.com/medical-team">Alexandra Perez, PharmD, MBA, BCGP</a></span></span></div></section><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?|rn4" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Trodelvy is a prescription drug used to treat certain breast and bladder cancers. Learn about the drug's uses, success rate, effectiveness, and more.</a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?|rn4" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|6" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment|rn5" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/clea-shearer-cancer-journey-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/clea-shearer-cancer-journey-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|6" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment|rn5" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|6" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment|rn5" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">“Get Organized with the Home Edit” star Clea Shearer opens up about how she finds new meaning in life two years after being diagnosed with an…</a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|6" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment|rn5" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|7" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now|rn6" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/kate-middleton-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/kate-middleton-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|7" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now|rn6" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|7" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now|rn6" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Catherine, Princess of Wales, announced she has completed her chemotherapy treatment for cancer and is planning to return to public life gradually as…</a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|7" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now|rn6" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|8" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds|rn7" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male-talking-on-phone-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male-talking-on-phone-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|8" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds|rn7" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|8" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds|rn7" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">A World Health Organization review of 63 studies found no link between using mobile phones and a person's risk of developing brain cancer. </a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|8" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds|rn7" href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/under-tongue-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|9" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?|rn8" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/under-tongue-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/doctor-examining-male-patient-mouth-tongue-throat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/doctor-examining-male-patient-mouth-tongue-throat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/under-tongue-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|9" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?|rn8" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/under-tongue-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/under-tongue-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|9" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?|rn8" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/under-tongue-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Tongue cancer and floor of mouth cancer can both cause cancer under your tongue. It can spread quickly, so early diagnosis and treatment is vital.</a></p><a class="css-v5yzal css-ysgmro" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/under-tongue-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|9" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?|rn8" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/under-tongue-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right selector css-2kgwd5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-82r5pg css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-12weawj"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-1r7frvz"><div class="css-lm0pdr"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1e4ja14 css-f0t0lw"><a class="css-j5n0jw" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|10" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference|rn9" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/male-doctor-examining-female-patient-evaluating-sore-throat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/male-doctor-examining-female-patient-evaluating-sore-throat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-sqa1yu" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|10" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference|rn9" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference</a><p class=""><a class="css-onvglr" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|10" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference|rn9" href="https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip often develops from a precancerous lesion called actinic cheilitis. 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She has also worked in content creation, marketing, copy editing, and search engine optimization (SEO) for brands, agencies, and nonprofit organizations. A former educator, she earned her MA in teaching as well as a BA with a double major in English writing and Spanish, along with a minor in French. You can find her on \u003ca class=\"PrimaryLink BaseLink\" href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/heather-hobbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Heather_Hobbs-500x500-Bio.png"},"bioBlurb":{"nodes":["Heather Hobbs (she/her) is an editor at Healthline Media and RVO Health. 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We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the protein powders that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"glp1-telehealth":{"metrics":[{"description":"telehealth companies evaluated","count":"200+"},{"description":"online GLP-1 providers evaluated","count":"13+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate online GLP-1 services","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We evaluate services for consistency with standards of care and best practices, and we look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the services on this page, we considered all the GLP-1 services that passed our vetting process. Then, we looked at availability, cost, and the additional resources each service provides to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"all-vitamins":{"metrics":[{"description":"vitamins, minerals, and supplements evaluated","count":"1320+"},{"description":"vitamins, minerals, and supplements personally tested","count":"95+"},{"description":"vitamin, mineral, and supplement brands personally tested","count":"40+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate vitamins, minerals, and supplements","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the brands on this page, we considered all the vitamin brands that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"multivitamins":{"metrics":[{"description":"multivitamins evaluated","count":"100+"},{"description":"multivitamin brands evaluated","count":"55+"},{"description":"multivitamins personally tested","count":"20+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate multivitamins","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the multivitamins that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"prenatals":{"metrics":[{"description":"vitamins, minerals, and supplements evaluated","count":"1320+"},{"description":"prenatal vitamins evaluated","count":"35+"},{"description":"prenatal vitamin brands evaluated","count":"30+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate prenatals","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the prenatal vitamins that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"probiotics":{"metrics":[{"description":"vitamins, minerals, and supplements evaluated","count":"1320+"},{"description":"probiotic supplements evaluated","count":"55"},{"description":"probiotic brands evaluated","count":"35"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate probiotics","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the probiotics that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"vitamin-d":{"metrics":[{"description":"vitamins, minerals, and supplements evaluated","count":"1320+"},{"description":"vitamin D supplements evaluated","count":"40+"},{"description":"vitamin D brands evaluated","count":"25+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate vitamin D supplements","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the vitamin D supplements that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"creatine":{"metrics":[{"description":"creatine supplements evaluated by our medical standards team","count":"35"},{"description":"creatine supplements met our criteria","count":"28"},{"description":"creatine supplements personally tested by our team","count":"9"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate creatine supplements","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the creatine supplements that passed our vetting process. Then, we personally tested some of them to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"mattresses":{"metrics":[{"description":"mattresses evaluated","count":"250+"},{"description":"mattress brands evaluated","count":"80+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate mattresses","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate materials, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the mattresses that passed our vetting process. Then, we \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/healthline-scores-how-we-rate-mattresses\"\u003escored each mattress\u003c/a\u003e to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"pillows":{"metrics":[{"description":"pillows evaluated","count":"210"},{"description":"pillow brands evaluated","count":"140+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate pillows","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate materials, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the products on this page, we considered all the pillows that passed our vetting process.\u003c/p\u003e"},"ed-telehealth":{"metrics":[{"description":"telehealth companies evaluated","count":"200+"},{"description":"online ED treatment providers evaluated","count":"20+"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate online ED services","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We evaluate services for consistency with standards of care and best practices, and we look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the services on this page, we considered all the ED treatment services that passed our vetting process. Then, we \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/healthline-scores-how-we-evaluate-mens-telehealth-platforms\"\u003escored each service\u003c/a\u003e to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"birth-control-telehealth":{"metrics":[{"description":"telehealth companies evaluated","count":"200+"},{"description":"online birth control providers evaluated","count":"14"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate online birth control services","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eMedical Standards and Insights team\u003c/a\u003e has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We evaluate services for consistency with standards of care and best practices, and we look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo choose the services on this page, we considered all the birth control services that passed our vetting process. Then, we \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/how-we-review-birth-control\"\u003escored each service\u003c/a\u003e to narrow down our list even further.\u003c/p\u003e"},"hemp":{"metrics":[{"description":"Hemp brands evaluated","count":"230+"},{"description":"Hemp brands met our criteria","count":"57"}],"explanationTitle":"How we evaluate hemp products","explanationDescription":"\u003cp\u003eOur Medical Standards and Insights team has carefully researched and vetted over 11,000 products and services. We fact-check health claims, evaluate ingredients, and look into each brand’s reputation before sharing products and services on Healthline. The brand we feature in this article has passed our strict vetting process and has been thoroughly tested by our reviewers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/about/vet-brands-and-products\"\u003eRead more about how we vet brands and products.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}},"isPrependRecipeH2":false,"recipes":[],"hideTabs":false,"tabs":[{"id":"_noHeaderPrefixedContent","title":null,"header":null,"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cp class=\"css-w2pt6r\"\u003eCancer occurs when genetic mutations in abnormal cells cause them to divide rapidly. You can inherit mutations or develop them due to environmental factors. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancer is a large group of diseases that occur when abnormal cells divide rapidly and can spread to other tissue and organs."},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"data-preamp":"serena-chatbot"},"source":""},{"tagName":"p","source":"These rapidly growing cells may cause tumors. They may also disrupt the body’s regular function."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"World Health Organization\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, cancer accounted for almost 1 in 6 deaths in 2020. \u003cmeta charSet=\"utf-8\"\u003eExperts are working hard to test out \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/is-there-a-cure-for-cancer\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/is-there-a-cure-for-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003enew cancer treatments\u003c/a\u003e every day."}]},{"id":"causes","title":"Causes","isCollapsable":false,"header":["What causes cancer?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"The main cause of cancer is mutations, or changes to the DNA in your cells. Genetic mutations can be inherited. They can also occur after birth as a result of environmental forces. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"These external causes, called carcinogens, can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003ephysical carcinogens like radiation and ultraviolet (UV) light\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003echemical carcinogens like cigarette smoke, asbestos, alcohol, air pollution, and contaminated food and drinking water\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ebiological carcinogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"According to the \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"World Health Organization\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eWHO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, about 33 percent of cancer deaths may be caused by tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), low fruit and vegetable consumption, and not getting enough physical activity."}]},{"id":"risk-factors","title":"Risk factors","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Risk factors"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Certain risk factors may increase your chance of developing cancer. These risk factors can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003etobacco use\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ehigh alcohol consumption\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ean unhealthy diet, characterized by red and processed \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/does-red-meat-cause-cancer\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/does-red-meat-cause-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003emeat\u003c/a\u003e, sugary drinks and salty snacks, starchy foods, and refined carbohydrates including sugars and processed grains, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/75/6/405/3861189?login=true\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/75/6/405/3861189?login=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003e2017 review\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ea lack of physical activity\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eexposure to air pollution\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eexposure to radiation\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eunprotected exposure to UV light, such as sunlight\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003einfection by certain viruses including \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/helicobacter-pylori\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eH. pylori\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/human-papillomavirus-infection\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ehuman papillomavirus (HPV)\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-b\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ehepatitis B\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-c\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ehepatitis C\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/hiv-vs-aids\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eHIV\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/epstein-barr-virus\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eEpstein-Barr virus\u003c/a\u003e, which causes infectious mononucleosis\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"The risk of developing cancer also increases with age. In general, the risk of developing cancer appears to increase until the \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"National Cancer Institute \" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eage of 70 to 80\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e and then diminish, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). "},{"tagName":"p","source":"A \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Nature\" rationale=\"Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003e2020 review\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e suggests this may be the result of:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eless effective cell repair mechanisms that come with aging\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ebuildup of risk factors over the course of life\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eduration of exposures to carcinogens\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Some existing health conditions that cause inflammation may also increase your risk of cancer. An example is ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease."}]},{"id":"types","title":"Types","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Types of cancer"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancers are named for the area in which they begin and the type of cell they are made of, even if they spread to other parts of the body. For example, a cancer that begins in the lungs and spreads to the liver is still called lung cancer. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"There are also several clinical terms used for certain general types of cancer:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/carcinoma-vs-sarcoma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eCarcinoma\u003c/a\u003e is a cancer that starts in the skin or the tissues that line other organs.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/rhabdomyosarcoma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eSarcoma\u003c/a\u003e is a cancer of connective tissues such as bones, muscles, cartilage, and blood vessels.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eLeukemia\u003c/a\u003e is a cancer of the bone marrow, which creates blood cells.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eLymphoma\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003emyeloma\u003c/a\u003e are cancers of the immune system.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Learn more about specific types of cancer with the resources below."},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/appendix-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eappendix cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/bladder-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ebladder cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/bone-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ebone cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ebrain cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ebreast cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/cervical-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ecervical cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/colon-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ecolon or colorectal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/duodenal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eduodenal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eear cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/endometrial-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eendometrial cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/esophageal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eesophageal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-cancer-symptoms\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eheart cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/gallbladder-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003egallbladder cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ekidney or renal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/laryngeal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003elaryngeal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eleukemia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lip-cancers\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003elip cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eliver cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003elung cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphoma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003elymphoma\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003emesothelioma\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-myeloma\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003emyeloma\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eoral cancers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/ovarian-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eovarian cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003epancreatic cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-penis\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003epenile cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eprostate cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003erectal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eskin cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/small-intestine-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003esmall intestine cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/spleen-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003espleen cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/gastric-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003estomach or gastric cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/testicular-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003etesticular cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ethyroid cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003euterine cancer\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003evaginal cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-vulva\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003evulvar cancer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"}]},{"id":"early-detection","title":"Early detection","isCollapsable":false,"header":["The importance of early detection"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Early detection is when cancer is found in its early stages. This can increase the effectiveness of treatment and lower the mortality rate."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health-news/top-4-cancer-screenings-that-should-be-on-your-radar\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eCancer screenings\u003c/a\u003e may help detect signs of cancer early. Some common cancer screenings may detect:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCervical cancer and prostate cancer.\u003c/strong\u003e Some screenings, such as for cervical cancer and prostate cancer, may be done as part of routine exams.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLung cancer.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-screening-guidelines\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eScreenings for lung cancer\u003c/a\u003e may be performed regularly for those who have certain risk factors.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSkin cancer.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer-screening\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eSkin cancer screenings\u003c/a\u003e may be performed by a dermatologist if you have skin concerns or are at risk of skin cancer.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eColorectal cancer.\u003c/strong\u003e The \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"American Cancer Society\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eAmerican Cancer Society (ACS)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e recommends regular \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health-news/wcolorectal-cancer-screenings-before-age-50\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003escreenings for colorectal cancer\u003c/a\u003e beginning at age 45. These screenings are typically performed during a colonoscopy. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health-news/dreading-colonoscopy-other-effective-tests-for-colon-cancer-032015\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eAt-home testing kits\u003c/a\u003e may also be able to detect some forms of colorectal cancer, according to a \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003e2017 review of research\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreast cancer.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer-tests\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eMammograms\u003c/a\u003e to test for breast cancer are recommended for women ages \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"American Cancer Society\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003e45 and older\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, but you may choose to begin screenings at age 40. In people at a high risk, screenings may be recommended earlier.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"If you have a family history of cancer or have a high risk of developing cancer, it is important to follow a doctor’s screening recommendations."},{"tagName":"p","source":"While recognizing \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-warning-signs\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ecancer warning signs\u003c/a\u003e may help people with cancer seek diagnosis and treatment, some cancers may be harder to detect early and may not show symptoms until the later stages."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Signs and symptoms of cancer can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003elumps or growths on the body\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eunexplained weight loss\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efever\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etiredness and fatigue\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003epain\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003enight sweats\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003echanges in digestion\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003echanges in skin\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ecough\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Specific types of cancers often have their \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-can-you-have-cancer-without-knowing\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eown warning signs\u003c/a\u003e. If you are experiencing unexplainable symptoms, it is best to contact a doctor for a diagnosis."}]},{"id":"how-cancer-grows","title":"How cancer grows","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How does cancer grow and spread?"],"body":[{"tagName":"h3","source":"Abnormal cell division"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Normal cells in your body grow and divide. Each one has a life cycle determined by the type of cell. As cells become damaged or die off, new cells take their place."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancer disrupts this process and causes cells to grow abnormally. It’s caused by changes or mutations in the cell’s DNA."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The DNA in each cell has instructions that tell the cell what to do and how to grow and divide. Mutations occur frequently in DNA, but usually cells correct these mistakes. When a mistake is not corrected, a cell can become cancerous."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Mutations can cause cells that should be replaced to survive instead of die, and new cells to form when they’re not needed. These extra cells can divide uncontrollably, causing tumors to form."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Creation of tumors"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Tumors can cause health problems, depending on where they grow in the body."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors are noncancerous and do not spread to nearby tissues."},{"tagName":"p","source":"But sometimes, tumors can grow large and cause problems when they press against neighboring organs and tissue. Malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade other parts of the body."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Metastasis"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Some cancer cells can also spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant areas of the body. This is called metastasis."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancers that have metastasized are considered more advanced than those that have not. Metastatic cancers are often harder to treat and more fatal."}]},{"id":"treatment","title":"Treatment","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Treatment"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancer treatment can include different options, depending on the type of cancer and how advanced it is."},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLocalized treatment.\u003c/strong\u003e Localized treatment usually involves using treatments like surgery or local radiation therapy at a specific area of the body or tumor.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystemic treatment.\u003c/strong\u003e Systemic drug treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, can affect the entire body.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePalliative treatment.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/palliative-care\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ePalliative care\u003c/a\u003e involves relieving health symptoms associated with cancer, such as trouble breathing and pain.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Different cancer treatments are often used together to remove or destroy as many cancerous cells as possible."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The most common types of treatment are:"},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Surgery"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Surgery removes as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery is often used in combination with some other therapy in order to make sure all of the cancer cells are gone."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Chemotherapy"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/chemotherapy\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eChemotherapy\u003c/a\u003e is a form of aggressive cancer treatment that uses medications that are toxic to cells to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. It may be used to shrink the size of a tumor or the number of cells in your body and lower the likelihood of the cancer spreading."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Radiation therapy"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-therapy\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eRadiation therapy\u003c/a\u003e uses powerful, focused beams of radiation to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy done inside of your body is called brachytherapy, while radiation therapy done outside of your body is called external beam radiation."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Stem cell (bone marrow) transplant"},{"tagName":"p","source":"This treatment repairs diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can have a variety of functions. These transplants allow doctors to use higher doses of chemotherapy to treat the cancer. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia/leukemia-stem-cell-transplant\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003estem cell transplant\u003c/a\u003e is commonly used to treat leukemia."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Immunotherapy (biological therapy)"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health-news/value-and-cost-of-immunotherapy\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eImmunotherapy\u003c/a\u003e uses your body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells. These therapies help your antibodies recognize the cancer, so they can use your body’s natural defenses to destroy cancer cells."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Hormone therapy"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Hormone therapy removes or blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers to stop cancer cells from growing. This therapy is a common treatment for cancers that may use hormones to grow and spread, such as certain types of \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer-hormone-therapy-how-it-works-side-effects-more\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ebreast cancer\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/prostate-cancer-treatments\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eprostate cancer\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Targeted drug therapy"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/oncology-drugs\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eTargeted drug therapy\u003c/a\u003e uses drugs to interfere with certain molecules that help cancer cells grow and survive. Genetic testing may reveal if you are eligible for this type of therapy. It may depend on the type of cancer you have and the genetic mutations and molecular characteristics of your tumor."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Clinical trials"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/terminal-cancer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eClinical trials\u003c/a\u003e investigate new ways to treat cancer. This may include testing the effectiveness of drugs that have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but for other purposes. It can also include trying new drugs. Clinical trials can offer another option for people who may have not seen the level of success they wanted with conventional treatments. In some cases, this treatment may be provided for free."},{"tagName":"p","source":"If you are interested in this kind of therapy, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"National Cancer Institute \" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003efind clinical trials\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e near you."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Alternative medicine"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Alternative medicine may be used to complement another form of treatment. It may help decrease symptoms of cancer and side effects of cancer treatment, such as nausea, fatigue, and pain. Alternative medicine for cancer can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eacupuncture\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eyoga\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emassage\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emeditation\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003erelaxation techniques\u003c/li\u003e"}]},{"id":"outlook","title":"Outlook","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Outlook"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"After you get a cancer diagnosis, your outlook can depend on a number of factors. These factors can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003etype of cancer\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003estage of cancer at diagnosis\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003elocation of cancer\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eage\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003egeneral health\u003c/li\u003e"}]},{"id":"prevention","title":"Prevention","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Prevention"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Knowing the factors that contribute to cancer can help you live a lifestyle that decreases your cancer risk."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Preventive measures to reduce your risk of developing cancer can include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eavoiding tobacco and secondhand smoke\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003elimiting your intake of processed meats\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eeating a diet that focuses mainly on plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/mediterranean-diet-meal-plan\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eMediterranean diet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eavoiding alcohol or \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/alcohol-good-or-bad\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003edrinking in moderation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emaintaining a \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-much-should-i-weigh\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003emoderate body weight\u003c/a\u003e and BMI\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003edoing regular moderate physical activity for \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"American Cancer Society\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/guidelines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003e150 to 300 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e per week\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003estaying protected from the sun by avoiding direct sun exposure and wearing a broad spectrum sunscreen, hat, and sunglasses\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eavoiding tanning beds \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003egetting vaccinated against viral infections that can lead to cancer, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/adult-vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine-schedule\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003ehepatitis B\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/hpv-vaccine-pros-and-cons\" class=\"content-link css-1c2ok3c\"\u003eHPV\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Meet with a doctor regularly so they can screen you for various types of cancer. This increases your chances of catching any possible cancers as early as possible."}]},{"id":"takeaway","title":"Takeaway","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Takeaway"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Cancer is a group of serious diseases that are caused by genetic changes in your cells. Abnormal cancer cells may divide rapidly and form tumors."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Risk factors like smoking, drinking alcohol, a lack of physical activity, an unhealthy diet, having a high BMI, and catching certain viruses and bacteria may contribute to developing cancer."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Screenings may help detect cancer early when it is easier to treat. The treatment plan and outlook for people with cancer can depend on the type of cancer, the stage at which it is diagnosed, and their age and general health."}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":false,"affiliates":[],"propsFor":{"articleResources":[{"displayLink":"cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age","link":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/age","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Age and cancer risk. (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html","link":"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"American Cancer Society guideline for colorectal cancer screening. (2020)."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/guidelines.html","link":"https://www.cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/guidelines.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity. (2020)."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html","link":"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"American Cancer Society recommendations for the early detection of breast cancer. (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564367/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564367/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Amjad MT, et al. (2021). Cancer chemotherapy."}},{"displayLink":"who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer","link":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Cancer. (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center","link":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/where/clinical-center","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Cancer clinical trials at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. (2019)."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment","link":"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Cancer treatment. (n.d.)."}},{"displayLink":"pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969358/","link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969358/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Grosso G, et al. (2017). Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk."}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5537177/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Issa IA, et al. (2017). Colorectal cancer screening: An updated review of the available options."}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519046/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Justiz-Vaillant AA, et al. (2021). Immunotherapy."}},{"displayLink":"nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1","link":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0721-1","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Laconi E, et al. (2020). Cancer as a disease of old age: changing mutational and microenvironmental landscapes."}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5467686/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5467686/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Loud J, et al. (2017). Cancer screening and early detection in the 21st century."}},{"displayLink":"cancer.gov/about-cancer/what-is-cancer","link":"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/what-is-cancer","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"What is cancer? (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4544764/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4544764/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"White MC, et al. (2014). Age and cancer risk: A potentially modifiable relationship."}}],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":6112,"name":{"display":"Heather Hobbs","first":"Heather","last":"Hobbs"},"link":"/authors/heather-hobbs","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eHeather Hobbs (she/her) is an editor at Healthline Media and RVO Health. She has also worked in content creation, marketing, copy editing, and search engine optimization (SEO) for brands, agencies, and nonprofit organizations. A former educator, she earned her MA in teaching as well as a BA with a double major in English writing and Spanish, along with a minor in French. You can find her on \u003ca class=\"PrimaryLink BaseLink\" href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/heather-hobbs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Heather_Hobbs-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":5432,"name":{"display":"Faith Selchick, DNP, AOCNP","first":"Faith","last":"Selchick DNP, APRN, AOCNP"},"userLogin":"fselchick","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"www.linkedin.com/in/faith-selchick-dnp","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/faith-selchick-dnp-aprn-aocnp","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"","specialties":[{"name":"Nursing"},{"name":"Oncology","link":"/about/oncology"}],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDr. Faith Selchick is a board certified adult oncology nurse practitioner and an adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner specializing in oncology. Currently, she is the associate director of medical strategy at a network of oncology healthcare and scientific communications agencies. Previously, she was an oncology nurse practitioner with over 10 years of experience. She also writes continuing education content and modules for nurses and advanced practice registered nurses.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSt. Thomas Aquinas College, BS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDuke University, BSN\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eYale University, MSN\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUniversity of Connecticut, DNP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRegistered Nurse\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNurse Practitioner\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AGPCNP-BC)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdvanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eOncology Certified Nurse (OCN)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdvanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBasic Life Support (BLS) Certification\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdvanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Certification\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eOncology Nursing Society, Chemotherapy \u0026amp; Biotherapy Provider Certification\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfessional Accomplishments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePreviously served as sub-investigator on more than 40 oncology phase 1 and 2 clinical trial protocols \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDNP research presented as podium abstract at Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Congress 2019: “Evaluating the Feasibility of a Nurse Practitioner-Led Lifestyle Modification Educational Program in Obese Women with Endometrial Cancer”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLeadership role in the development and growth of cancer survivorship program at a cancer center\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAffiliations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ons.org/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eOncology Nursing Society (ONS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.aanp.org/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAmerican Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sigmanursing.org/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Faith-Selchick-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"id":"wp-3080043","updateReason":["The article was updated with additional information to ensure it provides our readers with a comprehensive overview of the topic."],"editor":"Heather Hobbs","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":{"2017-10-24":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"The Healthline Editorial Team","editor":"Frank Crooks"},"2016-02-19":{"medicallyReviewedBy":"University of Illinois-Chicago"},"2022-02-17":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"Heather Hobbs","editor":"Heather Hobbs","copyEditor":"Emily Schalk","medicallyReviewedBy":"Faith Selchick DNP, APRN, AOCNP"},"2023-01-17":{"updateReason":["The article was updated with additional information to ensure it provides our readers with a comprehensive overview of the topic."],"authors":"Heather Hobbs","editor":"Heather Hobbs"}},"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1645084800,"display":"February 17, 2022"},"published":{"date":1282719600,"display":"August 25, 2010"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1673913600,"display":"January 17, 2023"},"modified":{"date":1725538277,"display":"September 5, 2024"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["Curing Cancer: Newer Treatments to Keep an Eye On"],"text":["Is there a cure for cancer? Not quite, but new treatments could change that. Learn about promising cancer treatments, from immunotherapy to…"],"link":"/health/is-there-a-cure-for-cancer","imageAlt":"Curing Cancer: Newer Treatments to Keep an Eye On","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/woman_cancer-732x549-thumbnail-732x549.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":137,"name":{"display":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","first":"Jill","last":"Seladi-Schulman, PhD"},"userLogin":"jseladischul","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillseladischulman/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/jill-seladi-schulman","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"122525","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eDr. Jill Seladi-Schulman is a freelance medical writer and fact checker. She was previously a project setup manager for clinical trials and specializes in microbiology and infectious disease, having written her dissertation on influenza virus morphology. Dr. Seladi-Schulman has publications in peer-reviewed journals. She also has had her work featured on the cover of the Journal of Virology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEmory University, PhD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, BS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis individual is no longer a medical reviewer in our network. The credentials and information reflected above are only associated with other freelance roles the individual may currently hold.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jill-Seladi-Schulman-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Cancer Warning Signs"],"text":["Sometimes cancer can develop without warning, but many cases have warning signs. Discover those warning signs of cancer here. The earlier you detect…"],"link":"/health/cancer-warning-signs","imageAlt":"Cancer Warning Signs","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/cancer-warning-signs_thumb-1-732x549.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":560,"name":{"display":"The Healthline Editorial Team","first":"The Healthline Editorial Team","last":""},"userLogin":"healthlineeditorialteam","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/the-healthline-editorial-team","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"The Healthline Editorial Team","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eThe Healthline Editorial Team is a growing group of trained content professionals across the U.S., Iceland, and the U.K. who are passionate about health and wellness and are committed to creating quality content and experiences by upholding the highest journalistic standards and providing comprehensive, unbiased, honest, and timely guidance.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["How Does Cancer Cause Life Threatening Complications?"],"text":["Cancer can kill when tumors affect the function of major organs. Life threatening complications can also occur due to malnutrition, a weakened immune…"],"link":"/health/how-does-cancer-kill-you","imageAlt":"How Does Cancer Cause Life Threatening Complications?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/woman-home-window-serious-portrait-732x549-thumbnail-732x549.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":24,"name":{"display":"Ann Pietrangelo","first":"Ann","last":"Pietrangelo"},"userLogin":"apietrangelo","links":{"website":"http://www.annpietrangelo.com/","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/annpietrangelo/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/ann-pietrangelo","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"159189","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eAnn Pietrangelo is freelance writer and health reporter with bylines on a variety of consumer health publications and leading health information websites. Through her books \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0055EGYOW/\"\u003eNo More Secs! Living, Laughing \u0026amp; Loving Despite Multiple Sclerosis\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00H4OBDTC/\"\u003eCatch That Look: Living, Laughing \u0026amp; Loving Despite Triple-Negative Breast Cancer\u003c/a\u003e, she shares her experiences in the hope that others will feel less alone in their health struggles. Learn more at her \u003ca href=\"http://www.annpietrangelo.com\"\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":1601,"height":1605,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IMG_5019.jpg"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer"],"text":["A new report highlights a strong association between excessive alcohol consumption and the risk of six different types of cancer, including breast…"],"link":"/health-news/excessive-alcohol-higher-cancer-risk","imageAlt":"Excessive Alcohol Use Linked with Higher Risk for 6 Types of Cancer","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/drinking-cocktail-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":26,"name":{"display":"Shawn Radcliffe","first":"Shawn","last":"Radcliffe"},"userLogin":"sradcliffe","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"ShawnRadcliffe","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/shawn-radcliffe","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-value=\"{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:2,\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;Shawn Radcliffe is a science writer and yoga teacher in Ontario, Canada. His work has appeared in print and digital publications, including Healthline, Mindbodygreen, Science \u0026amp; Nonduality, and others. Originally from New Hampshire, Shawn lived in Philadelphia and Portland, Oregon, before trading in the big city for small-town living. When he’s not reading or writing, Shawn is often backpacking, bicycling, or wandering the streets of a new city. Connect with him on Twitter.\u0026quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;:771,\u0026quot;3\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:0},\u0026quot;4\u0026quot;:[null,2,11982760],\u0026quot;11\u0026quot;:3,\u0026quot;12\u0026quot;:0}\"\u003eShawn Radcliffe is a science writer and yoga teacher in Ontario, Canada. His work has appeared in print and digital publications, including Healthline, Mindbodygreen, Science \u0026amp; Nonduality, and others. Originally from New Hampshire, Shawn lived in Philadelphia and Portland, Oregon, before trading in the big city for small-town living. When he’s not reading or writing, Shawn is often backpacking, bicycling, or wandering the streets of a new city. Connect with him on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ShawnRadcliffe\"\u003eTwitter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/500x500_Shawn_Radcliffe.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?"],"text":["Trodelvy is a prescription drug used to treat certain breast and bladder cancers. Learn about the drug's uses, success rate, effectiveness, and more."],"link":"/health/drugs/trodelvy-success-rate","imageAlt":"What’s Trodelvy’s Success Rate?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/senior-female-listening-to-doctor-732-549-feature-thumb-1.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Alexandra Perez, PharmD, MBA, BCGP","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Alexandra-Perez-500x500-Bio.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""}},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":6717,"name":{"display":"Ben Koprowski","first":"Ben","last":"Koprowski"},"userLogin":"bkoprowski","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/ben-koprowski","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eBen Koprowski is a freelance writer, copywriter, and author who aims to enhance people\u0026#8217;s lives through the power of the written word. A university graduate, he is a passionate physical and mental health advocate. When he\u0026#8217;s not writing, he can be found hiking and camping in coastal Cornwall, UK. His other interests include coaching recreational pilots and local youth groups. He has volunteered for the UK\u0026#8217;s National Health Service and has served in the Royal Air Force reserves as a youth instructor.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/01/Ben-Koprowski-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment"],"text":["“Get Organized with the Home Edit” star Clea Shearer opens up about how she finds new meaning in life two years after being diagnosed with an…"],"link":"/health-news/clea-shearer-breast-cancer-journey","imageAlt":"Why ‘Get Organized’ Star Clea Shearer Feels ‘Lucky’ After Breast Cancer Treatment","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/clea-shearer-cancer-journey-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":40,"name":{"display":"Cathy Cassata","first":"Cathy","last":"Cassata"},"userLogin":"cassatastyle","links":{"website":"https://cathycassata.contently.com/","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/cassatastyle/","linkedin":"","twitter":"cassatastyle","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/cassatastylewrites/","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/cathy-cassata","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eCathy Cassata is a freelance writer who specializes in stories about health, mental health, medical news, and inspirational people. She writes with empathy and accuracy and has a knack for connecting with readers in an insightful and engaging way. Cathy contributes regularly to Healthline and Verywell, and she has also been published in HuffPost. Read more of her work \u003ca class=\"waffle-rich-text-link\" href=\"https://www.cathycassatawrites.com/home\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e, and connect with her on \u003ca class=\"waffle-rich-text-link\" href=\"https://twitter.com/cassatastyle?s=11\"\u003eTwitter\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"waffle-rich-text-link\" href=\"https://www.instagram.com/cassatastylewrites/\"\u003eInstagram\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"waffle-rich-text-link\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cassatastyle/\"\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca class=\"waffle-rich-text-link\" href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/cathy-cassata-healthwriter/\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/200x200_Cathy_Cassata.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now"],"text":["Catherine, Princess of Wales, announced she has completed her chemotherapy treatment for cancer and is planning to return to public life gradually as…"],"link":"/health-news/kate-middleton-completed-chemotherapy-cancer","imageAlt":"Kate Middleton Has Completed Chemotherapy Treatment for Cancer: What We Know Now","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/kate-middleton-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":877,"name":{"display":"Tim Newman","first":"Tim","last":"Newman"},"userLogin":"timnewman","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"https://ter.li/xggewa","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/tim-newman","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"Senior News Editor","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eAfter completing a bachelor’s degree in neuroscience at the U.K.’s University of Manchester, Tim changed course entirely to work in sales, marketing, and analysis. Realizing that his heart truly lies with science and writing, he changed course once more and joined the Medical News Today team. As Senior News Editor, Tim led our team of top notch writers and editors, who report on the latest medical research from peer reviewed journals; he also penned a few articles himself. Tim is now an Editor at \u003ca title=\"Original URL: https://joinzoe.com/learn/tim-newman. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjoinzoe.com%2Flearn%2Ftim-newman\u0026amp;data=05%7C01%7Csobrien%40rvohealth.com%7C49c921b73e2e49cf008808db68f2b566%7C00e1df3d9626410c898c16aaa8c2afc9%7C0%7C0%7C638219163901861911%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C\u0026amp;sdata=8N2Xq5Y4jzUdFiwjuortxcIzIzYGqplT%2FB4YT%2BuSNB8%3D\u0026amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"Verified\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"0\"\u003eZOE\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Tim_Newman.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds"],"text":["A World Health Organization review of 63 studies found no link between using mobile phones and a person's risk of developing brain cancer. "],"link":"/health-news/no-link-mobile-cellphones-brain-cancer-who-study","imageAlt":"Cellphones Not Linked to Brain Cancer Risk, WHO Review of 63 Studies Finds","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male-talking-on-phone-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":17,"name":{"display":"David Mills","first":"David","last":"Mills"},"userLogin":"dmills","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/david-mills","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eDavid Mills is a veteran journalist who has worked in newspapers, television news, and online information websites. He most recently was a news editor at Healthline before sliding into semi-retirement as a freelance writer.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/David_Mills-500x500_Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?"],"text":["Tongue cancer and floor of mouth cancer can both cause cancer under your tongue. It can spread quickly, so early diagnosis and treatment is vital."],"link":"/health/under-tongue-cancer","imageAlt":"Can You Get Cancer Under Your Tongue?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/doctor-examining-male-patient-mouth-tongue-throat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":137,"name":{"display":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","first":"Jill","last":"Seladi-Schulman, PhD"},"userLogin":"jseladischul","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jillseladischulman/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/jill-seladi-schulman","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"122525","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eDr. Jill Seladi-Schulman is a freelance medical writer and fact checker. She was previously a project setup manager for clinical trials and specializes in microbiology and infectious disease, having written her dissertation on influenza virus morphology. Dr. Seladi-Schulman has publications in peer-reviewed journals. She also has had her work featured on the cover of the Journal of Virology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEmory University, PhD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, BS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis individual is no longer a medical reviewer in our network. The credentials and information reflected above are only associated with other freelance roles the individual may currently hold.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jill-Seladi-Schulman-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Actinic Cheilitis vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Understanding the Difference"],"text":["Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip often develops from a precancerous lesion called actinic cheilitis. 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