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mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%84%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%95%E1%88%AE" title="ጄምስ ሞንሮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጄምስ ሞንሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Monroe" title="Iacobus Monroe – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iacobus Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيمس مونرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس مونرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="जेम्स मुनरो – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जेम्स मुनरो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Monro" title="Ceyms Monro – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Monro" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جئیمز مونرو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جئیمز مونرو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="জেমস মন্‌রো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস মন্‌রো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джэймс Манро – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Манро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джэймз Манро – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэймз Манро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джеймс Монро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джеймс Монро – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="دجيمس مونرو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دجيمس مونرو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AD%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%87%DE%A8" title="ޖޭމްސް މޮންރޯއި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖޭމްސް މޮންރޯއި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τζέιμς Μόνροου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Μόνροου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جیمز مونرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز مونرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A8%BC%EB%A1%9C" title="제임스 먼로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 먼로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Ջեյմս Մոնրո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Մոնրո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="जेम्स मुनरो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स मुनरो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%95" title="ג'יימס מונרו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס מונרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ჯეიმზ მონრო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ მონრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джеймс Монро – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Monroe" title="Iacobus Monroe – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Monroe" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Monro" title="Džeimss Monro – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Monro" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="जेम्स मुनरो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जेम्स मुनरो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B" title="ജയിംസ് മൺറോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജയിംസ് മൺറോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="जेम्स मनरो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेम्स मनरो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ჯეიმზ მონრო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯეიმზ მონრო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيمس مونرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس مونرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جیمز مونرو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیمز مونرو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Жеймс Монро – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျိမ်းစ် မွန်ရိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိမ်းစ် မွန်ရိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="जेम्स मुनरो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जेम्स मुनरो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ジェームズ・モンロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・モンロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B" title="ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਮੋਨਰੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਮੋਨਰੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جیمز مونرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیمز مونرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيمز مينرو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جيمز مينرو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Monro" title="Ceyms Monro – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ceyms Monro" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Монро, Джеймс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монро, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%86%DB%8C" title="جەیمز مۆنرۆی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەیمز مۆنرۆی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Џејмс Монро – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Монро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B" title="ஜேம்ஸ் மன்ரோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜேம்ஸ் மன்ரோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Җеймс Монро – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="เจมส์ มอนโร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ มอนโร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Ҷеймс Монро – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%BB_%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AC" title="ᏥᎻ ᎹᏂᏬ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏥᎻ ᎹᏂᏬ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%BDms_Monro" title="Jeýms Monro – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Jeýms Monro" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Джеймс Монро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Монро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جیمز مونرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیمز مونرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E7%BD%97" title="詹姆斯·门罗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="詹姆斯·门罗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90" title="זשיימס מאנרא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשיימס מאנרא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%E9%96%80%E7%BE%85" title="占士門羅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="占士門羅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="James Monroe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E7%BD%97" title="詹姆斯·门罗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·门罗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11815#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:125%;" class="fn">James Monroe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg/220px-James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg/330px-James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg/440px-James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Virginia">12th</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Virginia">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 28, 1799 – December 1, 1802</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(governor)" title="James Wood (governor)">James Wood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Page_(Virginia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Page (Virginia politician) (not yet started)">John Page</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 16, 1811 – April 2, 1811</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Smith_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Smith (politician) (not yet started)">George William Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Smith_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Smith (politician) (not yet started)">George William Smith</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1758-04-28</span>)</span>April 28, 1758<br /><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County" class="mw-disambig" title="Westmoreland County">Westmoreland County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1831<span style="display:none">(1831-07-04)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic-Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Kortright_Monroe" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Kortright Monroe">Elizabeth Kortright Monroe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church" title="Episcopal Church">Episcopal Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Monroe's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg/128px-James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg/192px-James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg/256px-James_Monroe%27s_sig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Monroe</b> (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the fifth <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. He mostly agreed with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, the two presidents before him. Many cities have been named <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, is also named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Early life" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Early life"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monroe was born in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> on April 28, 1758. When James was 16, his father died. At age 18, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>. He later studied law with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married Elizabeth Kotright in 1789. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_life">Political life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Political life" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Political life"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monroe was an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">anti-federalist</a>; he did not want the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> to pass. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 1790. He helped form the <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> with Jefferson and <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monroe was <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> of Virginia from 1799 to 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monroe went to Paris to help negotiate the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>, and later became Ambassador to Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monroe was Madison's <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Presidency" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Presidency"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monroe was president from 1817 to 1825. With his Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, Monroe got <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to give the United States <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Monroe and Adams also created the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>, which was a <a href="/wiki/Policy" class="mw-disambig" title="Policy">policy</a> that said that the United States did not want Europe to be involved in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> anymore. </p><p>Monroe signed the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>. The compromise was to delay the <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> issue in the United States. Monroe was the last president to have fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and the last one to be one of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-presidency">Post-presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Post-presidency" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Post-presidency"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monroe retired to Virginia. After his wife's death he moved to New York where he died on July 4, 1831 of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> at the age of 73. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe">"James Monroe | Biography, Presidency, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=James+Monroe+%7C+Biography%2C+Presidency%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJames-Monroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/james-monroe/">"James Monroe"</a>. <i>The White House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=James+Monroe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout-the-white-house%2Fpresidents%2Fjames-monroe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/monroe">"James Monroe | Miller Center"</a>. <i>millercenter.org</i>. 2016-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft.atitle=James+Monroe+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fmonroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/spotlight/knowing-the-presidents-james-monroe">"Knowing the Presidents: James Monroe"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Institution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.atitle=Knowing+the+Presidents%3A+James+Monroe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fspotlight%2Fknowing-the-presidents-james-monroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/monroe.html">"Biography of James Monroe"</a>. <i>www.ushistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ushistory.org&rft.atitle=Biography+of+James+Monroe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fvalleyforge%2Fserved%2Fmonroe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFUnger2009" class="citation book cs1">Unger, Harlow Giles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6AV-5HadeqoC"><i>The Last Founding Father: James Monroe and a Nation's Call to Greatness</i></a>. Hachette Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4587-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4587-6"><bdi>978-0-7867-4587-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Founding+Father%3A+James+Monroe+and+a+Nation%27s+Call+to+Greatness&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-4587-6&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Harlow+Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6AV-5HadeqoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Monroe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Other websites" 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Porter</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wilkins_(United_States_Senator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Wilkins (United States Senator) (not yet started)">Wilkins</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Marcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William L. Marcy (not yet started)">Marcy</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Crawford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Crawford (not yet started)">G. W. Crawford</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Magill_Conrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Magill Conrad (not yet started)">Conrad</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">J. Davis</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Floyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John B. 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Alger">Alger</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">W. H. Taft</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luke_Edward_Wright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luke Edward Wright (not yet started)">Wright</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_M._Dickinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob M. Dickinson (not yet started)">Dickinson</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lindley_M._Garrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lindley M. Garrison (not yet started)">Garrison</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_D._Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newton D. Baker (not yet started)">Baker</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Weeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Weeks (not yet started)">Weeks</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_F._Davis" title="Dwight F. Davis">D. F. Davis</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_William_Good&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James William Good (not yet started)">Good</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_J._Hurley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick J. Hurley (not yet started)">Hurley</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Dern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Dern (not yet started)">Dern</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Hines_Woodring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Hines Woodring (not yet started)">Woodring</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_P._Patterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert P. Patterson (not yet started)">Patterson</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Claiborne_Royall" title="Kenneth Claiborne Royall">Royall</a></span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Department of War"><img alt="Emblem of the Department of War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="2358" /></a></span><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Secretary of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Secretary of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Secretary of the Army</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Dept. of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Claiborne_Royall" title="Kenneth Claiborne Royall">Royall</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Gray">Gray</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Pace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Pace (not yet started)">Pace</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Ten_Broeck_Stevens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Ten Broeck Stevens (not yet started)">Stevens</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilber_Marion_Brucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilber Marion Brucker (not yet started)">Brucker</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvis_Jacob_Stahr_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr. (not yet started)">Stahr</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Vance</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Ailes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Ailes (not yet started)">Ailes</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Rogers_Resor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Rogers Resor (not yet started)">Resor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frederick_Froehlke" title="Robert Frederick Froehlke">Froehlke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Howard_H._Callaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard H. 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Upshur (not yet started)">Upshur</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Clayton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Clayton (not yet started)">Clayton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Marcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William L. Marcy (not yet started)">Marcy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_S._Black&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremiah S. Black (not yet started)">Black</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elihu_B._Washburne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elihu B. Washburne (not yet started)">Washburne</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Fish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton Fish (not yet started)">Fish</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Evarts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Evarts (not yet started)">Evarts</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Theodore_Frelinghuysen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (not yet started)">Frelinghuysen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._Bayard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas F. Bayard (not yet started)">Bayard</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Q._Gresham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Q. Gresham (not yet started)">Gresham</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Olney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Olney (not yet started)">Olney</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sherman (politician) (not yet started)">Sherman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Day (not yet started)">Day</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bacon (not yet started)">Bacon</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philander_C._Knox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philander C. Knox (not yet started)">Knox</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Lansing</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bainbridge_Colby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bainbridge Colby (not yet started)">Colby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stettinius,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Stettinius, Jr.">Stettinius</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">G Marshall</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Acheson</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Rusk</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">Rogers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Vance</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" title="George P. 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Virginia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Virginia" title="Template:Governors of Virginia"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Governors_of_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Governors of Virginia (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Governors_of_Virginia&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governors of Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_colonial_governors_of_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of colonial governors of Virginia (not yet started)">Colony of Virginia</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia"><img alt="Colony of Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/45px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/68px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/90px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Colony of Virginia</figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Maria_Wingfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Maria Wingfield (not yet started)">Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(governor)" title="John Ratcliffe (governor)">Ratcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Scrivener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Scrivener (not yet started)">Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)" title="John Smith (explorer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Percy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Percy (not yet started)">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gates_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Gates (governor) (not yet started)">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_West,_3rd_Baron_De_La_Warr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (not yet started)">De La Warr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Dale (not yet started)">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Yeardley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Yeardley (not yet started)">Yeardley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Argall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Argall (not yet started)">Argall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Wyatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Wyatt (not yet started)">Wyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis West (not yet started)">West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pott (not yet started)">Pott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harvey_(Virginia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harvey (Virginia) (not yet started)">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_West_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John West (governor) (not yet started)">West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Berkeley_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Berkeley (governor) (not yet started)">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bennett_(Governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Bennett (Governor) (not yet started)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Digges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Digges (not yet started)">Digges</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Matthews (not yet started)">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Colepeper,_2nd_Baron_Colepeper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper (not yet started)">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Howard,_5th_Baron_Howard_of_Effingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham (not yet started)">Howard of Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Andros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Andros (not yet started)">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Nicholson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Nicholson (not yet started)">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Nott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Nott (not yet started)">Nott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Jenings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Jenings (not yet started)">Jenings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hunter_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hunter (governor) (not yet started)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney (not yet started)">Orkney</a> (absentee)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Spotswood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Spotswood (not yet started)">Spotswood</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Drysdale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Drysdale (not yet started)">Drysdale</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Carter_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Carter I (not yet started)">"King" Carter</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet (not yet started)">Gooch</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_van_Keppel,_2nd_Earl_of_Albemarle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (not yet started)">Albemarle</a> (absentee)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet (not yet started)">Gooch</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lee_(Virginia_colonist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lee (Virginia colonist) (not yet started)">Lee</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burwell_family_of_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burwell family of Virginia (not yet started)">Burwell</a> (acting)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dinwiddie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Dinwiddie (not yet started)">Dinwiddie</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Campbell,_4th_Earl_of_Loudoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun (not yet started)">Loudoun</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Fauquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Fauquier (not yet started)">Fauquier</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (not yet started)">Amherst</a> (absentee)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Fauquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Fauquier (not yet started)">Fauquier</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norborne_Berkeley,_4th_Baron_Botetourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt (not yet started)">Botetourt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Nelson_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Nelson (governor) (not yet started)">W. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Murray,_4th_Earl_of_Dunmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (not yet started)">Dunmore</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Virginia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/113px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/150px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Virginia">Commonwealth of Virginia</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia"><img alt="Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Virginia</figcaption></figure></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Fleming_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Fleming (governor) (not yet started)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Nelson_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Nelson Jr. (not yet started)">T. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">B. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">E. Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverley_Randolph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beverley Randolph (not yet started)">B. Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lee_III" title="Henry Lee III">H. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Brooke_(Virginia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Brooke (Virginia) (not yet started)">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(governor)" title="James Wood (governor)">Wood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Page_(Virginia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Page (Virginia politician) (not yet started)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Cabell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Cabell (not yet started)">Cabell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Tyler_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Tyler Sr. (not yet started)">Tyler Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Smith_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Smith (politician) (not yet started)">G. Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Smith_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Smith (politician) (not yet started)">G. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peyton_Randolph_(governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peyton Randolph (governor) (not yet started)">P. Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Barbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Barbour (not yet started)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Cary_Nicholas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Cary Nicholas (not yet started)">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Patton_Preston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Patton Preston (not yet started)">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Mann_Randolph_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (not yet started)">T. Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pleasants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Pleasants (not yet started)">Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Branch_Giles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Branch Giles (not yet started)">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Floyd_(Virginia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Floyd (Virginia politician) (not yet started)">J. Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Waller_Tazewell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell (not yet started)">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyndham_Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyndham Robertson (not yet started)">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Campbell_(Virginia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Campbell (Virginia politician) (not yet started)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Walker_Gilmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Walker Gilmer (not yet started)">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Patton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Patton (not yet started)">Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rutherfoord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rutherfoord (not yet started)">Rutherfoord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Munford_Gregory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Munford Gregory (not yet started)">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James McDowell (not yet started)">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Smith_(Virginia_governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Smith (Virginia governor) (not yet started)">W. "EB" Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Floyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John B. Floyd (not yet started)">J. B. Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Johnson_(Virginia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Johnson (Virginia politician) (not yet started)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_A._Wise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry A. Wise (not yet started)">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Letcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Letcher (not yet started)">Letcher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Smith_(Virginia_governor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Smith (Virginia governor) (not yet started)">W. "EB" Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Harrison_Pierpont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Harrison Pierpont (not yet started)">Pierpont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_H._Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry H. Wells (not yet started)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Carlton_Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Carlton Walker (not yet started)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_L._Kemper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James L. Kemper (not yet started)">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_W._M._Holliday&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick W. M. Holliday (not yet started)">Holliday</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Cameron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Cameron (not yet started)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitzhugh_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitzhugh Lee (not yet started)">F. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_W._McKinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip W. McKinney (not yet started)">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Triplett_O%27Ferrall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Triplett O'Ferrall (not yet started)">O'Ferrall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hoge_Tyler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hoge Tyler (not yet started)">J. H. Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Jackson_Montague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Jackson Montague (not yet started)">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hodges_Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hodges Mann (not yet started)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Carter_Stuart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Carter Stuart (not yet started)">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westmoreland_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westmoreland Davis (not yet started)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbert_Lee_Trinkle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbert Lee Trinkle (not yet started)">Trinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Garland_Pollard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Garland Pollard (not yet started)">Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Peery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Peery (not yet started)">Peery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hubert_Price&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hubert Price (not yet started)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colgate_Darden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colgate Darden (not yet started)">Darden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Tuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Tuck (not yet started)">Tuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Battle (not yet started)">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_B._Stanley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas B. Stanley (not yet started)">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Lindsay_Almond_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Lindsay Almond Jr. (not yet started)">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertis_S._Harrison_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albertis S. Harrison Jr. (not yet started)">A. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mills_E._Godwin_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mills E. Godwin Jr. (not yet started)">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Linwood_Holton,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="A. Linwood Holton, Jr.">Holton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mills_E._Godwin_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mills E. Godwin Jr. (not yet started)">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_N._Dalton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John N. Dalton (not yet started)">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_L._Baliles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald L. 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