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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理論的形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理論的形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>理論的形成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理論的形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要內容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要內容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>主要內容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要內容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>批評</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中文译本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中文译本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>中文译本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中文译本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">物种起源</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。77种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="أصل الأنواع – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أصل الأنواع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="اصل الانواع – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اصل الانواع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6vl%C9%99rin_m%C9%99n%C5%9F%C9%99yi" title="Növlərin mənşəyi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Növlərin mənşəyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Паходжанне відаў – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паходжанне відаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Произход на видовете – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Произход на видовете" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="অন দ্য অরিজিন অব স্পিসিস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অন দ্য অরিজিন অব স্পিসিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27origen_de_les_esp%C3%A8cies" title="L'origen de les espècies – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="L'origen de les espècies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەربارەی سەرچاوەی جۆرەکان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەربارەی سەرچاوەی جۆرەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_p%C5%AFvodu_druh%C5%AF" title="O původu druhů – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="O původu druhů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arternes_Oprindelse" title="Arternes Oprindelse – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arternes Oprindelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cber_die_Entstehung_der_Arten" title="Über die Entstehung der Arten – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Über die Entstehung der Arten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Η καταγωγή των ειδών – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Η καταγωγή των ειδών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_origino_de_specioj" title="La origino de specioj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La origino de specioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_origen_de_las_especies" title="El origen de las especies – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El origen de las especies" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liikide_tekkimine" title="Liikide tekkimine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liikide tekkimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espezieen_jatorriaz" title="Espezieen jatorriaz – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espezieen jatorriaz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="خاستگاه گونه‌ها – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاستگاه گونه‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajien_synty" title="Lajien synty – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lajien synty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Origine_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="L'Origine des espèces – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Origine des espèces" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oer_de_oarsprong_fan_de_soarten" title="Oer de oarsprong fan de soarten – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oer de oarsprong fan de soarten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_orixe_das_especies" title="A orixe das especies – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A orixe das especies" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מוצא המינים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוצא המינים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5" title="जीवजाति का उद्भव – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवजाति का उद्भव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podrijetlo_vrsta" title="Podrijetlo vrsta – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Podrijetlo vrsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_fajok_eredete" title="A fajok eredete – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A fajok eredete" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A8" title="Տեսակների ծագումը – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսակների ծագումը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal-usul_Spesies" title="Asal-usul Spesies – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asal-usul Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppruni_tegundanna" title="Uppruni tegundanna – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Uppruni tegundanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27origine_delle_specie" title="L'origine delle specie – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'origine delle specie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E3%81%AE%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="種の起源 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種の起源" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%BA%93uran_n_telmas" title="Iẓuran n telmas – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iẓuran n telmas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90" title="종의 기원 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종의 기원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AB%C5%A1i%C5%B3_atsiradimas" title="Rūšių atsiradimas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūšių atsiradimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugu_izcel%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Sugu izcelšanās – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sugu izcelšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="За потеклото на видовите – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="За потеклото на видовите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഒറിജിൻ ഓഫ് സ്പീഷീസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒറിജിൻ ഓഫ് സ്പീഷീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="जातींच्या उद्गमवर – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जातींच्या उद्गमवर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal_Usul_Spesies" title="Asal Usul Spesies – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asal Usul Spesies" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ourige_de_las_Speces" title="La Ourige de las Speces – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="La Ourige de las Speces" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="ओरिजन अफ स्पिसिज – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओरिजन अफ स्पिसिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_oorsprong_der_soorten" title="De oorsprong der soorten – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De oorsprong der soorten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artenes_opprinnelse" title="Artenes opprinnelse – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artenes opprinnelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27origina_de_las_esp%C3%A8cias" title="L'origina de las espècias – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="L'origina de las espècias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੀਵ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਉਤਪਤੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਉਤਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_powstawaniu_gatunk%C3%B3w" title="O powstawaniu gatunków – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="O powstawaniu gatunków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="انواح دی اصل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انواح دی اصل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%89%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="د ډولونو اصل – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ډولونو اصل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Origem_das_Esp%C3%A9cies" title="A Origem das Espécies – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A Origem das Espécies" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Originea_speciilor" title="Originea speciilor – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Originea speciilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Происхождение видов – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Происхождение видов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%94%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔන් ද ඔරිජින් ඔෆ් ස්පීෂීස් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔන් ද ඔරිජින් ඔෆ් ස්පීෂීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_p%C3%B4vode_druhov" title="O pôvode druhov – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="O pôvode druhov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_nastanku_vrst" title="O nastanku vrst – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="O nastanku vrst" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="О пореклу врста – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="О пореклу врста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_arternas_uppkomst" title="Om arternas uppkomst – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Om arternas uppkomst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="உயிரினங்களின் தோற்றம் (நூல்) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரினங்களின் தோற்றம் (நூல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="กำเนิดสปีชีส์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กำเนิดสปีชีส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrlerin_K%C3%B6keni" title="Türlerin Kökeni – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türlerin Kökeni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Походження видів – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Походження видів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="اصل الانواع – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اصل الانواع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%E1%BB%93n_g%E1%BB%91c_c%C3%A1c_lo%C3%A0i" title="Nguồn gốc các loài – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguồn gốc các loài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="On the Origin of Species" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物种起源 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物种起源" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%A1%9E%E5%AE%97%E8%A1%8D" title="物類宗衍 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物類宗衍" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABn_Ch%C3%A9ng_%C3%AA_Kh%C3%AD-go%C3%A2n" title="Lūn Chéng ê Khí-goân – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lūn Chéng ê Khí-goân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物種起源 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物種起源" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20124#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#cedeff;">物種起源</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/220px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/330px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/440px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="4636" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1859年版《<b>物種起源</b>》的扉頁</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">原名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="en">On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">作者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查爾斯·達爾文</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">主题</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="演化生物學">演化生物學</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;">發行信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">John Murray出版社</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版時間</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1859年11月24日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版地點</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/300px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/450px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/600px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>小獵犬號的旅程</figcaption></figure> <p>《<b>物種起源</b>》（英語：<span lang="en">On the Origin of Species</span>）或譯《<b>物種原始</b>》、《<b>物種源始</b>》，全名《<b>由自然選擇或在生存競爭中保留下來的有利種族論物種之起源</b>》（<span lang="en">On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life</span>），是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">達爾文</a>論述<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="生物演化">生物演化</a>的重要著作，出版於1859年。該書是19世紀最具爭議的著作之一，其中的觀點大多數為當今的科學界普遍接受。在該書中，達爾文首次提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="天擇演化">天擇演化</a>的觀點，解釋生物為什麼能<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a>環境，同時也提出了<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="性擇">性擇</a>理論。他使用自己在1830年代環球科學考察中積累的資料，並使用農作物的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="人擇">人擇</a>作為例子說明生物的演化。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在當時，西方社會普遍都接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" title="創造論">創造論</a>，相信<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>創造世界、並一次就創造出所有的生物，同時上帝也賦予每種生物各自的角色，而每個物種的設計都非常完美，所以物種是永恆固定不變的。地層中發現的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>是古代地球曾經遭遇<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="大洪水">大洪水</a>的證據，那些化石就是沒有登上<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%88%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="諾亞方舟">諾亞方舟</a>的動物。地球的歷史只有大約六千年左右（參見<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="年轻地球创造论">年轻地球创造论</a>），這是經由從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6" title="亞當">亞當</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%83" title="夏娃">夏娃</a>開始後的人類世代所推算的時間。 </p><p>達爾文1809年生於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8C%B2%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="舒茲伯利">舒茲伯利</a>，從小就對<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>有興趣。1831年他從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="劍橋大學">劍橋大學</a>神學院畢業，然而他還是對<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>比較有興趣。1831年12月達爾文參加了海軍艦艇<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC%E8%99%9F" title="小獵犬號">小獵犬號</a>前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a>從事自然調查研究工作；最初他在南美海岸調查，並多次進入南美洲西邊的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="加拉巴哥群島">加拉巴哥群島</a>，經過<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>到達<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="紐西蘭">紐西蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>，然後又回到南美洲，直到1836年10月才回到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理論的形成"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90"></span>理論的形成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：理論的形成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>達爾文在南美洲考察時，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="安地斯山">安地斯山</a>山頂上發現<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="海洋生物">海洋生物</a>的化石，讓他感到困惑。在小獵犬號啟航時，達爾文曾帶了一本英國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學家">地質學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="查理斯·萊爾">萊爾</a>所著的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="地质学原理">地質學原理</a>》；萊爾認為地球的地形、地貌是經過長時間不斷的細微變化的結果，萊爾相信風力、雨滴、冰雪等微小的力量，持續千萬年後就可以完全改變地表的形貌。達爾文本人也相信，只要時間足夠，無法察覺的細微改變也可以造成巨大的變化。達爾文推算<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A0%8A%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="白堊紀">白堊紀</a>中期距今約有三億年左右的歷史，持續長時間微小的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>等自然因素使得原來在海中的生物遺跡能在高山上發現。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E9%9B%80" title="達爾文雀">達爾文雀</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在加拉巴哥群島考察時，達爾文發現每個島嶼上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E9%BE%9C" title="陸龜">陸龜</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E9%B3%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="雀鳥">雀鳥</a>並沒有很大的差異，但又有些許的不同。他又發現加拉巴哥群島的生物與南美洲大陸的種類非常相似；於是他開始懷疑島上生物可能有共同的祖先，他們之間的差異是由於千百年來適應各個島嶼不同環境的結果。每一個物種都是一些細微的變化在無數個世代的過程中產生的結果。 </p><p>生物進化在當時並不是新的概念。1809年時，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="動物學家">動物學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E6%99%AE%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="让-巴普蒂斯特·拉马克">拉馬克</a>便提出：當環境改變時，物種會調適發展自己的器官來適應環境，常用的器官會發育變大、不用的器官會逐漸退化，並且這一代獲取的改變會<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3" title="遺傳">遺傳</a>給下一代；但沒有科學證據可以證明「<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%BA%9F%E9%80%80%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="用进废退说">用進廢退</a>」和「<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E6%80%A7%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="获得性遗传">獲得性特徵可遺傳</a>」的假說。後來達爾文又從英國人口學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯">馬爾薩斯</a>所著的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%AB%96" title="人口論">人口論</a>》得到靈感；馬爾薩斯認為：人類糧食的生產永遠無法趕上人口的增加，致使糧食供不應求，進而發生飢荒或戰爭，導致一部分人口死亡。達爾文以此聯想到生物演化發生的機制：演化是生存競爭中自由淘汰的結果，食物與空間等資源有限，只有最適應環境的個體才能生存下來，延續族群。 </p><p>「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天擇">天擇</a>」的概念逐漸在達爾文的五年環球考察過程中形成。在1836年回到英國後，達爾文慢慢將他的看法寫成文章，然而沒有發表。大部分科學家認為，達爾文遲了很久才發表他的作品，原因之一就是擔心引起教會勢力的強烈反彈。1858年，達爾文接到在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來群島">馬來群島</a>調查的博物學者<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%C2%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%90%8A%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿弗雷德·羅素·華萊士">華萊士</a>有關<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成">物種形成</a>的來信；華萊士對於物種形成的看法與他有很多相似之處（《物种起源》的绪论中提到了这一段过往），一方面达尔文害怕被說是剽竊後輩的想法，另一方面可能别人的支持使他增加了信心，於是兩人在1858年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="倫敦林奈學會">倫敦林奈學會</a>中，以兩人共同署名的方式，發表有關物種形成的看法。接著達爾文在1859年發表了《物種起源》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要內容"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9"></span>主要內容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：主要內容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin_divergence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Darwin_divergence.jpg/200px-Darwin_divergence.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Darwin_divergence.jpg/300px-Darwin_divergence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Darwin_divergence.jpg/400px-Darwin_divergence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>生命之樹，用於解釋物種分化；此圖也是本書唯一的插圖。(達爾文也自嘲沒有美術天分)</figcaption></figure> <p>達爾文在書中提出兩個理論。第一，他認為所有的動植物都是由較早期、較原始的形式演變而來；其次，他認為生物演化是通過天擇而來。 </p><p>其理論重點如下： </p> <ul><li>物種並非一成不變，而是會隨環境變動而改變。</li> <li>生物的演化是長時間連續性的緩慢改變，不是突然性的劇變。</li> <li>同一類生物有著共同的祖先，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="哺乳類">哺乳類</a>是由同一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a>演變而來，由此可引申出<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%BF%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猿類">猿類</a>有著共同祖先。</li> <li>生物族群會隨著<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖">繁殖</a>而擴大，並超過其生存空間與食物供應的極限，引起個體間的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="競爭">競爭</a>；不適應環境的個體會被淘汰，適者才能生存，並繁衍後代。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="批評"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>批評</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：批評"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_(1871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/150px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/225px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/300px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption>諷刺漫畫反映了1870年代<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>於「人類與猿類具有共同祖先」這個觀念的反對。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>達爾文的演化論當時引起了廣泛的爭議，被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教會">基督教會</a>視為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>邪說，西方社會也對達爾文冷嘲熱諷。根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>當時的教條：人類是上帝依據自己形象所創造的，因此人是萬物之靈、代表天主有權統治萬物。達爾文的理論不僅使得上帝創造萬物的說法被推翻，人類也被形容為千百年來殘酷的生存競爭所形成的產物，還指出人與其他哺乳動物有著共同祖先，這根本就是褻瀆上帝及基督教教義，這在當時保守的社會是相當大的震撼。 </p><p>然而達爾文的理論在當時也並非完美無缺，當時尚未了解任何遺傳機制，無法解釋個體間的偶然差異是如何產生；直到後來與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="遺傳學家">遺傳學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%93%A5%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="格里哥·孟德尔">孟德爾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="孟德尔定律">遺傳定律</a>相結合，形成現在廣為大眾所接受的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="新達爾文主義">現代綜合理論</a>。 </p><p>1950年代後人類基因被發現，解開了演化論裡面物種內出現差異之謎和這些特徵如何通過繁殖遺傳后代。研究不同動物<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>，對比更加確認了共同祖先說。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中文译本"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.96.87.E8.AF.91.E6.9C.AC"></span>中文译本</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：中文译本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《物种起源》的在中文译本由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%9B%E6%AD%A6" title="马君武">马君武</a>于1901年开始翻译，1919年翻译完毕。1920年马君武的译本《达尔文物种原始》由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海中华书局（页面不存在）">上海中华书局</a>出版。 </p><p>其他的中文譯本 </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8E%E9%9D%9C%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黎靜波（页面不存在）">黎靜波</a>編譯本，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="華立文化事業有限公司（页面不存在）">華立文化事業有限公司</a>（臺灣版，2003年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%BE%B7%E5%B9%B2" title="舒德干">舒德干</a>等人翻譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="陕西人民出版社">陝西人民出版社</a>（2001年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="北京大学出版社">北京大學出版社</a>（2005年）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AC%9D%E8%98%8A%E8%B2%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="謝蘊貞（页面不存在）">謝蘊貞</a>翻譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="新世界出版社">新世界出版社</a>（2007年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="周建人">周建人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%AC%83%E5%BA%84" title="叶笃庄">葉篤莊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%AE%97%E7%86%99" title="方宗熙">方宗熙</a>合譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="商務印書館">商務印書館</a>（大陸版，1995年修訂再版）；<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="臺灣商務印書館">臺灣商務印書館</a>（臺灣版，1999年，據1995年修訂本）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E6%95%AC%E8%B6%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王敬超（页面不存在）">王敬超</a>譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国社会出版社">中國社會出版社</a>（1999年）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%A2%E9%81%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錢遜（页面不存在）">錢遜</a>譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="江苏人民出版社">江蘇人民出版社</a>（2011年）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E5%A6%83%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香妃子（页面不存在）">香妃子</a>超譯本，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="广西师范大学出版社">廣西師範大學出版社</a>（2013年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%81" title="苗德岁">苗德岁</a>译本，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%91%E6%9E%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="译林出版社">译林出版社</a>（2013年）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/en:On_the_Origin_of_Species" class="extiw" title="s:en:On the Origin of Species">物种起源（英语）</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>，第376-379頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBrowne2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>徐光台：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oz.nthu.edu.tw/~u9733110/pdf_files/darwin.PDF">科學史與科學通識教育:以達爾文《物種源始》為例</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210222001953/http://oz.nthu.edu.tw/~u9733110/pdf_files/darwin.PDF">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> 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href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%86%E7%A8%8B" title="生命演化历程">生命演化历程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%B2" title="生命史">生命史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="演化">进化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">自然發生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="生命起源">生命起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="輻射適應">輻射適應</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利他行为" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Altruism (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BB%96%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="利他行為">利他行为</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Altruism (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Altruism (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欺骗行为" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cheating (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%BA%E9%AA%97%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欺骗行为（页面不存在）">欺骗行为</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheating_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Cheating (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cheating (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E6%83%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BB%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="互惠利他主義">互惠利他主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鲍德温效应" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baldwin effect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲍德温效应（页面不存在）">鲍德温效应</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_effect" class="extiw" title="en:Baldwin effect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baldwin effect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="支序分類學">支序分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="共同演化">共同演化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="互利共生">互利共生</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="共同起源">共同起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8B%E5%90%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="趋同演化">趋同演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%A8%E7%95%B0%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="趨異演化">趨異演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="已知最早生命形式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earliest known life forms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%80%E6%97%A9%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="已知最早生命形式（页面不存在）">已知最早生命形式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" class="extiw" title="en:Earliest known life forms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earliest known life forms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="演化的證據">演化的證據</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94" title="扩展适应">扩展适应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%81%AD" title="绝灭">绝灭</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="生物集群灭绝">生物集群灭绝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90" title="同源">同源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="最後共同祖先">最後共同祖先</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%80%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="宏觀演化">宏觀演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="微演化">微演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化不匹配" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary mismatch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8D%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化不匹配（页面不存在）">进化不匹配</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary mismatch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary mismatch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非适应辐射" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonadaptive radiation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非适应辐射（页面不存在）">非适应辐射</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonadaptive_radiation" class="extiw" title="en:Nonadaptive radiation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonadaptive radiation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="生命起源">生命起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E7%A8%AE%E8%AB%96" title="胚種論">胚種論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="平行演化">平行演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="信号理论">信号理论</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劣势原则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Handicap principle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A3%E5%8A%BF%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劣势原则（页面不存在）">劣势原则</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_principle" class="extiw" title="en:Handicap principle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Handicap principle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成">物种形成</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">物种</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%A7%8D" title="复合种">复合种</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="物种概念" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Species concept"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物种概念（页面不存在）">物种概念</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_concept" class="extiw" title="en:Species concept"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Species concept</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="演化分類學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="演化分類學（页面不存在）">演化分類學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="選擇單位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unit of selection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="選擇單位（页面不存在）">選擇單位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_selection" class="extiw" title="en:Unit of selection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unit of selection</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化的基因中心论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gene-centered view of evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化的基因中心论（页面不存在）">进化的基因中心论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene-centered_view_of_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Gene-centered view of evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gene-centered view of evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/140px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/210px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/280px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="群体遗传学">群体遗传学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="人工選擇">人工選擇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%AF%B9%E7%AD%96" title="进化稳定对策">进化稳定对策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="费雪原理">费雪原理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89%E5%BA%A6" title="適應度">適應度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E9%AB%94%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89%E5%BA%A6" title="整體適應度">整體適應度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95" title="基因流動">基因流動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%BC%82%E5%8F%98" title="遗传漂变">遗传漂变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="親屬選擇">親屬選擇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E4%BB%A3%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="亲代投资">亲代投资</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="親子衝突 (演化生物學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parent–offspring conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81_(%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="親子衝突 (演化生物學)（页面不存在）">親子衝突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93offspring_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Parent–offspring conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parent–offspring conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98" title="突变">突变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4" title="种群">种群</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="自然选择">自然选择</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2" title="两性异形">两性异形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="性選擇">性選擇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A9%E5%81%B6" title="择偶">择偶</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会选择" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social selection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会选择（页面不存在）">社会选择</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_selection" class="extiw" title="en:Social selection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social selection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特里弗斯-威拉德假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trivers–Willard hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF-%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特里弗斯-威拉德假说（页面不存在）">特里弗斯-威拉德假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Trivers–Willard hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trivers–Willard hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E8%AE%8A%E7%95%B0" title="遺傳變異">遺傳變異</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">發展</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="渠道導向" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canalisation (genetics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93%E5%B0%8E%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渠道導向（页面不存在）">渠道導向</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalisation_(genetics)" class="extiw" title="en:Canalisation (genetics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canalisation (genetics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="演化發育生物學">演化發育生物學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反演 (演化生物學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inversion (evolutionary biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%BC%94_(%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反演 (演化生物學)（页面不存在）">反演</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_(evolutionary_biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Inversion (evolutionary biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inversion (evolutionary biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模块化 (生物学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="modularity (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模块化 (生物学)（页面不存在）">模块化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/modularity_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:modularity (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">modularity (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7" title="表型可塑性">表型可塑性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特定<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83" title="分類單元">類群</a>的演化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="鳥類演化">鳥類演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="腕足動物門的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary history of brachiopods"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%95%E8%B6%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%96%80%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腕足動物門的演化（页面不存在）">腕足動物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_brachiopods" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary history of brachiopods"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary history of brachiopods</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="頭足綱的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary history of cephalopods"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%AD%E8%B6%B3%E7%B6%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="頭足綱的演化（页面不存在）">頭足綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_cephalopods" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary history of cephalopods"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary history of cephalopods</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E9%BE%99#演化與分類" title="恐龙">恐龍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魚類的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of fish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%9A%E9%A1%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魚類的演化（页面不存在）">魚類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_fish" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of fish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of fish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真菌的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of fungi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真菌的演化（页面不存在）">真菌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_fungi" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of fungi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of fungi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="昆蟲的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of insects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆蟲的演化（页面不存在）">昆蟲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_insects" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of insects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of insects</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蝴蝶的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Butterfly evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9D%B4%E8%9D%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蝴蝶的演化（页面不存在）">蝴蝶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Butterfly evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Butterfly evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%B2" title="生命史">生命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哺乳動物的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of mammals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="哺乳动物的演化">哺乳动物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammals" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of mammals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of mammals</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="猫间隔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cat gap"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%AB%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猫间隔（页面不存在）">貓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_gap" class="extiw" title="en:Cat gap"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cat gap</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狗的起源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Origin of the domestic dog"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%97%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狗的起源（页面不存在）">狗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_domestic_dog" class="extiw" title="en:Origin of the domestic dog"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Origin of the domestic dog</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of the horse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马的演化（页面不存在）">马</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of the horse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of the horse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="人類演化">人類演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狐猴演化史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary history of lemurs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%90%E7%8C%B4%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狐猴演化史（页面不存在）">狐猴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_lemurs" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary history of lemurs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary history of lemurs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鯨豚類的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of cetaceans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AF%A8%E8%B1%9A%E9%A1%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鯨豚類的演化（页面不存在）">鯨豚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of cetaceans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of cetaceans</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海牛屬的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of sirenians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%9B%E5%B1%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海牛屬的演化（页面不存在）">海牛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_sirenians" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of sirenians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of sirenians</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟體動物的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of Mollusca"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟體動物的演化（页面不存在）">软体动物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_Mollusca" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of Mollusca"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of Mollusca</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物的演化（页面不存在）">植物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_plants" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of plants</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爬行動物的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of reptiles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爬行動物的演化（页面不存在）">爬行动物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_reptiles" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of reptiles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of reptiles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蜘蛛的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of spiders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蜘蛛的演化（页面不存在）">蜘蛛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_spiders" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of spiders"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of spiders</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="四足類">四足類</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="病毒的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viral evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病毒的演化（页面不存在）">病毒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Viral evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viral evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流感的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of Influenza"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流感的演化（页面不存在）">流感</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_Influenza" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of Influenza"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of Influenza</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特定<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">構造</a>的進化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="細胞的進化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of cells"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="細胞的進化（页面不存在）">細胞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_cells" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of cells"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of cells</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="DNA進化模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Models of DNA evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA進化模型（页面不存在）">DNA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_DNA_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Models of DNA evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Models of DNA evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93" title="染色体">染色体</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%86%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內膜系統">內膜系統</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="眼睛的進化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of the eye"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼睛的進化（页面不存在）">眼睛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of the eye"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of the eye</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鞭毛的進化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of flagella"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9E%AD%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鞭毛的進化（页面不存在）">鞭毛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_flagella" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of flagella"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of flagella</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%AE" title="頭髮">頭髮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E7%B2%92%E9%AB%94" title="線粒體">線粒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%90%AC%E5%B0%8F%E9%AA%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96" title="哺乳动物听小骨进化">哺乳动物听小骨进化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="神经系统的演化">神經系統</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大腦的進化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of the brain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%A6%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大腦的進化（页面不存在）">大腦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of the brain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of the brain</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8" title="细胞核">细胞核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E9%AB%94" title="色素體">色素體</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="生物过程">生物过程</a>的演化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衰老的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of ageing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%B0%E8%80%81%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衰老的演化（页面不存在）">衰老</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_ageing" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of ageing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of ageing</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="死亡">死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="程序性细胞死亡">程序性细胞死亡</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鸟类飞行的起源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Origin of avian flight"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鸟类飞行的起源（页面不存在）">鸟类飞行的起源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight" class="extiw" title="en:Origin of avian flight"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Origin of avian flight</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="生物复杂性的演变">生物复杂性的演变</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Co-operation (evolution)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Co-operation (evolution)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-operation_(evolution)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Co-operation (evolution)（页面不存在）">Cooperation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operation_(evolution)" class="extiw" title="en:Co-operation (evolution)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Co-operation (evolution)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彩色视觉的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of color vision"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彩色视觉的演化（页面不存在）">彩色视觉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of color vision"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of color vision</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%95%BF%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="灵长目彩色视觉的演化">灵长目彩色视觉的演化</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="情绪的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of emotion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情绪的演化（页面不存在）">情绪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_emotion" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of emotion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of emotion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%90%86%E5%BF%83" title="同理心">同理心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="演化伦理学">伦理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真社会性的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of eusociality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真社会性的演化（页面不存在）">真社会性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_eusociality" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of eusociality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of eusociality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="代谢">代谢</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="動物一夫一妻制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monogamous pairing in animals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E5%A6%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動物一夫一妻制（页面不存在）">動物一夫一妻制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamous_pairing_in_animals" class="extiw" title="en:Monogamous pairing in animals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monogamous pairing in animals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道德的演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolution of morality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德的演化（页面不存在）">道德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_morality" class="extiw" title="en:Evolution of morality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolution of morality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="镶嵌进化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mosaic evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B6%E5%B5%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镶嵌进化（页面不存在）">镶嵌进化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Mosaic evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mosaic evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物">多細胞生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="有性生殖的演化">有性生殖的演化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E9%85%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="异配生殖">异配生殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="生物生命週期">生物生命週期</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="接合型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mating type"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E5%90%88%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接合型（页面不存在）">接合型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_type" class="extiw" title="en:Mating type"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mating type</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减数分裂的起源和功能" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Origin and function of meiosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减数分裂的起源和功能（页面不存在）">减数分裂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis" class="extiw" title="en:Origin and function of meiosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Origin and function of meiosis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="性別決定系統">性別決定系統</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成">物种形成</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="异域物种形成">异域物种形成</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前進演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anagenesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E9%80%B2%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前進演化（页面不存在）">前進演化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagenesis" class="extiw" title="en:Anagenesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anagenesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後退演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catagenesis (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%80%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後退演化（页面不存在）">後退演化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catagenesis_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Catagenesis (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catagenesis (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系枝发生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cladogenesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E6%9E%9D%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系枝发生（页面不存在）">系枝发生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladogenesis" class="extiw" title="en:Cladogenesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cladogenesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E5%90%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="協同物種形成">協同物種形成</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生态物种形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecological speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态物种形成（页面不存在）">生态物种形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Ecological speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecological speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非生态物种形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonecological speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非生态物种形成（页面不存在）">非生态物种形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonecological_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Nonecological speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonecological speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杂交成种" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hybrid speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%82%E4%BA%A4%E6%88%90%E7%A7%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杂交成种（页面不存在）">杂交成种</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Hybrid speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hybrid speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邻域物种形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parapatric speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%BB%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邻域物种形成（页面不存在）">邻域物种形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapatric_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Parapatric speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parapatric speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="边域物种形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peripatric speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B9%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="边域物种形成（页面不存在）">边域物种形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripatric_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Peripatric speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peripatric speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="同域物种形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sympatric speciation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同域物种形成（页面不存在）">同域物种形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatric_speciation" class="extiw" title="en:Sympatric speciation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sympatric speciation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%90%8A%E5%A3%AB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="華萊士效應">華萊士效應</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关领域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="生態遺傳學">生態遺傳學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="族群選擇">族群選擇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="文化演化">文化演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文化群体选择" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultural group selection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化群体选择（页面不存在）">文化群体选择</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_group_selection" class="extiw" title="en:Cultural group selection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultural group selection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="双继承理论">双继承理论</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全基因组进化论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hologenome theory of evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%BB%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全基因组进化论（页面不存在）">全基因组进化论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hologenome_theory_of_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Hologenome theory of evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hologenome theory of evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="缺失遗传性问题" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Missing heritability problem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%BA%E5%A4%B1%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%80%A7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缺失遗传性问题（页面不存在）">缺失遗传性问题</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_heritability_problem" class="extiw" title="en:Missing heritability problem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Missing heritability problem</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="分子演化">分子演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%A6" title="系统发生学">系统发生学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E6%A8%B9" title="系統發生樹">系統發生樹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="比較解剖學">比較解剖學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="演化心理學">演化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="演化神经科学">演化神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94" title="原初生命體">原初生命體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%82%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E8%B7%A8%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF" title="表观遗传跨代继承">表观遗传跨代继承</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="演化思想史">演化思想史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文艺复兴和启蒙运动的进化思想" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文艺复兴和启蒙运动的进化思想（页面不存在）">文艺复兴和启蒙运动的进化思想</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Renaissance_and_Enlightenment" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="物种嬗变" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transmutation of species"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%AC%97%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物种嬗变（页面不存在）">物种嬗变</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmutation_of_species" class="extiw" title="en:Transmutation of species"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transmutation of species</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然宗教对话录" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然宗教对话录（页面不存在）">自然宗教对话录</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Natural_Religion" class="extiw" title="en:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查尔斯·达尔文</a> <ul><li>《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">物种起源</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of paleontology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物学史（页面不存在）">古生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paleontology" class="extiw" title="en:History of paleontology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of paleontology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="過渡化石">過渡化石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0" title="融合遗传">融合遗传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="孟德尔定律">孟德尔定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达尔文主义的衰落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The eclipse of Darwinism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达尔文主义的衰落（页面不存在）">达尔文主义的衰落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_eclipse_of_Darwinism" class="extiw" title="en:The eclipse of Darwinism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The eclipse of Darwinism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新达尔文主义">新达尔文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%BC%E8%AE%BA" title="现代演化综论">现代演化综论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子进化史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of molecular evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子进化史（页面不存在）">分子进化史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:History of molecular evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of molecular evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扩展进化综合理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extended evolutionary synthesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扩展进化综合理论（页面不存在）">扩展进化综合理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_evolutionary_synthesis" class="extiw" title="en:Extended evolutionary synthesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extended evolutionary synthesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">哲學</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義">達爾文主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達爾文進化論的替代方案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alternatives to Darwinian evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達爾文進化論的替代方案（页面不存在）">達爾文進化論的替代方案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatives_to_Darwinian_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Alternatives to Darwinian evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alternatives to Darwinian evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BD%E8%AE%8A%E8%AB%96" title="災變論">災變論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉馬克主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="定向演化">定向演化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="突变论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mutationism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突变论（页面不存在）">突变论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationism" class="extiw" title="en:Mutationism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mutationism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骤变说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saltation (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A4%E5%8F%98%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骤变说（页面不存在）">骤变说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltation_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Saltation (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saltation (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="结构主义 (生物学)">结构主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AF%BC%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA" title="神导演化论">神导演化论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%96" title="活力論">活力論</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:演化生物學">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Evolutionary biology">共享</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物学史" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:生物学史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:生物学史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物学史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">领域和学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自然历史">自然历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="农业史">农业史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="农学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of agricultural science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农学史（页面不存在）">农学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agricultural_science" class="extiw" title="en:History of agricultural science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of agricultural science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物学史（页面不存在）">植物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="医学史">医学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="解剖学史">解剖学史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之前)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (through 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之前)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之前)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(through_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (through 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (through 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之后)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (since 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之后)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之后)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(since_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (since 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (since 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物分类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of plant systematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分类学史（页面不存在）">植物分类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" class="extiw" title="en:History of plant systematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of plant systematics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of paleontology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物学史（页面不存在）">古生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paleontology" class="extiw" title="en:History of paleontology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of paleontology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="地质学史">地质学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="演化思想史">演化思想史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生态学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态学史（页面不存在）">生态学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:History of ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式生物史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of model organisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式生物史（页面不存在）">模式生物史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_model_organisms" class="extiw" title="en:History of model organisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of model organisms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藻类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of phycology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藻类学史（页面不存在）">藻类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_phycology" class="extiw" title="en:History of phycology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of phycology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of genetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学史（页面不存在）">遗传学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:History of genetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of genetics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物化学史">生物化学的历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="分子生物學史">分子生物學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RNA生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of RNA biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA生物学史（页面不存在）">RNA生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology" class="extiw" title="en:History of RNA biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of RNA biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子演化学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of molecular evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子演化学史（页面不存在）">分子演化学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:History of molecular evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of molecular evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of immunology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫学史（页面不存在）">免疫学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of immunology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of immunology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物技术史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of biotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物技术史（页面不存在）">生物技术史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:History of biotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of biotechnology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HomunculusLarge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The homonculus"><img alt="The homonculus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/60px-HomunculusLarge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/90px-HomunculusLarge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/120px-HomunculusLarge.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛桑实验站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rothamsted Research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛桑实验站（页面不存在）">洛桑实验站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Rothamsted Research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rothamsted Research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="巴斯德研究院">巴斯德研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="马克斯·普朗克学会">马克斯·普朗克学会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89%E6%B8%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="冷泉港實驗室">冷泉港實驗室</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索克研究所（页面不存在）">索克研究所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安东·多恩动物园" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stazione Zoologica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东·多恩动物园（页面不存在）">安东·多恩动物园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_Zoologica" class="extiw" title="en:Stazione Zoologica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stazione Zoologica</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="海洋生物学实验室">海洋生物学实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="洛克菲勒大學">洛克菲勒大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="伍兹霍尔海洋研究所">伍兹霍尔海洋研究所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="分子生物学实验室">分子生物学实验室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">实验</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="格里菲斯實驗">格里菲斯實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92-%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="米勒-尤里实验">米勒-尤里实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9A-%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验">卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C-%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7-%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验">埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%9B%AA-%E8%94%A1%E5%8F%B8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="赫雪-蔡司實驗">赫雪-蔡司實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%91%9F%E7%94%9F%E2%80%93%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="梅瑟生–史達實驗">梅塞尔森-斯塔尔实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验（页面不存在）">克里克与布伦纳等人的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crick,_Brenner_et_al._experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crick, Brenner et al. experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="尼伦伯格-马特伊实验">尼伦伯格-马特伊实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验（页面不存在）">尼伦伯格和里德的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirenberg_and_Leder_experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nirenberg and Leder experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">自然发生说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%8E%96%E9%8F%88" class="mw-redirect" title="存在鎖鏈">自然阶梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉马克学说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義">达尔文学说</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疾病的生源说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germ theory of disease"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疾病的生源说（页面不存在）">疾病的生源说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Germ theory of disease"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germ theory of disease</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一基因一酶假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%80%E9%85%B6%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一基因一酶假说（页面不存在）">一基因一酶假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_gene-one_enzyme_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">One gene-one enzyme hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94" title="原初生命體">原初生命體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="序列假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sequence hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="序列假说（页面不存在）">序列假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Sequence hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sequence hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="中心法則">分子生物学的中心法则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="RNA世界學說">RNA世界學說</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%92%8C%E6%AF%81%E7%81%AD" title="论产生和毁灭">论产生和毁灭</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="动物志">动物志</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="植物史">植物史</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="药物论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="De Materia Medica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">药物论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Materia_Medica" class="extiw" title="en:De Materia Medica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">De Materia Medica</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" title="早期现代">近代早期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF" title="安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯">安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0" title="人体的构造">人体的构造</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="威廉·哈维">威廉·哈维</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BA" title="心血运动论">心血运动论</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%90%89" title="马尔切洛·马尔皮吉">马尔切洛·马尔皮吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="罗伯特·胡克">罗伯特·胡克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E5%9B%BE%E8%B0%B1" title="显微图谱">显微图谱</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B" title="安東尼·范·列文虎克">列文虎克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA" title="弗朗切斯科·雷迪">弗朗切斯科·雷迪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18世纪,<br />19世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">卡尔·林奈</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0" title="乔治-路易·勒克莱尔·德·布丰">布丰伯爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克">让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="動物哲學">動物哲學</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%B6%AD%E8%91%89" title="喬治·居維葉">喬治·居維葉</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物界 (书籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Règne Animal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物界 (书籍)（页面不存在）">动物界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" class="extiw" title="en:Le Règne Animal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Règne Animal</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" title="查爾斯·萊爾">查尔斯·莱尔</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="地质学原理">地质学原理</a>》</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="创造的自然历史的痕迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%97%95%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="创造的自然历史的痕迹（页面不存在）">创造的痕迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestiges_of_the_Natural_History_of_Creation" class="extiw" title="en:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查尔斯·达尔文</a> <ul><li>《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">物种起源</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5" title="人类的由来">人类的由来</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士">阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%A5%91%E5%A5%87" title="約瑟夫·潘契奇">約瑟夫·潘契奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%B9" title="亨利·沃尔特·贝兹">亨利·沃尔特·贝兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE" title="格雷戈爾·孟德爾">孟德爾</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物杂交试验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%82%E4%BA%A4%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物杂交试验（页面不存在）">植物杂交试验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiments_on_Plant_Hybridization" class="extiw" title="en:Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Experiments on Plant Hybridization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德">路易·巴斯德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB" title="罗伯特·科赫">罗伯特·科赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">恩斯特·海克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫">巴甫洛夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基">谢尔盖·维诺格拉茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%B8%83" title="雅克·洛布">雅克·洛布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="胡戈·德弗里斯">胡戈·德弗里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BD%BB%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊">埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根">托马斯·亨特·摩尔根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="亚历山大·奥巴林">亚历山大·奥巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明">亚历山大·弗莱明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E9%9F%8B" title="羅伯特·里奇韋">羅伯特·里奇韋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. S. 霍尔丹">J·B·S·霍尔丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9" title="休厄尔·赖特">赖特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%AA" title="羅納德·愛爾默·費雪">羅納德·費雪</a></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%81%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%B2%E6%88%9A%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性（页面不存在）">孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Correlation_between_Relatives_on_the_Supposition_of_Mendelian_Inheritance" class="extiw" title="en:The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="生命是什么">生命是什么?</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹">康拉德·洛伦兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="巴巴拉·麦克林托克">巴巴拉·麦克林托克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%84%B6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="费奥多西·多布然斯基">费奥多西·多布然斯基</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学与物种起源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学与物种起源（页面不存在）">遗传学与物种起源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics_and_the_Origin_of_Species" class="extiw" title="en:Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetics and the Origin of Species</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔">恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%BD" title="西摩·本泽">西摩·本泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="羅莎琳·富蘭克林">羅莎琳·富蘭克林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森">詹姆斯·沃森</a> 与 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克">弗朗西斯·克里克</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="核酸分子結構">核酸分子結構</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B0%E5%88%80%E5%9E%8B%E7%BA%A2%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病（页面不存在）">镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease" class="extiw" title="en:Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格">弗雷德里克·桑格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%B2%81%E8%8C%A8" title="马克斯·佩鲁茨">马克斯·佩鲁茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81" title="约翰·肯德鲁">约翰·肯德鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3" title="西德尼·布伦纳">西德尼·布伦纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%88%92%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="乔舒亚·莱德伯格">乔舒亚·莱德伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="沃特·吉爾伯特">沃特·吉爾伯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="凯利·穆利斯">凯利·穆利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7" title="史蒂芬·古爾德">史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="琳·馬古利斯">琳·馬古利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·乌斯">卡尔·乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="珍·古道尔">珍·古道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%8E%9B%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%9E%E6%8D%B7" title="埃玛纽埃勒·沙尔庞捷">埃玛纽埃勒·沙尔庞捷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%A6%AE%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="珍妮弗·道德纳">珍妮弗·道德纳</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="医学史">医学史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="傳染病歷史">傳染病歷史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物學哲學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物学和有机化学的时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of biology and organic chemistry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物学和有机化学的时间轴（页面不存在）">生物学和有机化学的时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="自然哲学">自然哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="自然神学">自然神学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪堡科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humboldtian science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪堡科学（页面不存在）">洪堡科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldtian_science" class="extiw" title="en:Humboldtian science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humboldtian science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" 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