Getting Permission - License & Clear Copyrighted Materials - Legal Book

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ng="http://angularjs.org" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head>     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Getting Permission - License & Clear Copyrighted Materials - Legal Book - Nolo</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <meta name="description" content="Learn how to secure the use of copyrighted images, text, music, and more with the clear, up-to-date instructions found in Getting Permission. This all-in-one book tackles the permissions process head on." /> <meta name="keywords" content="permission, permissions, copyright, fair use, academic permission, course material, coursepack, public domain, trademark, license, licensing, reprints, copy, copying, illegal copies, linking, inlining, intellectual property, ip, ip law, intellectual property rights, intellectual property copyright, licensing agreement, music licensing, music, artwork, stock images, image copyright, license image" /> <meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Getting Permission" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how to secure the use of copyrighted images, text, music, and more with the clear, up-to-date instructions found in Getting Permission. This all-in-one book tackles the permissions process head on." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/catalog/product/r/i/riper8_240.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://store.nolo.com/products//getting-permission-riper.html" /> <meta property="og:type" content="product" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Nolo.com" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Secure legal use of copyrighted images, text, music and more with this comprehensive book."> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/catalog/product/r/i/riper8_80.png"> <link rel="icon" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />         <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" /> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8WAc5tU1E.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe0qMImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cce9I9s.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8GBs5tU1E.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc9iB85tU1E.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8aBc5tU1E.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" crossorigin> <style> @font-face { font-family: 'Nunito Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; font-display: swap; src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8WAc5tU1E.woff2) format('woff2'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Nunito Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe0qMImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cce9I9s.woff2) format('woff2'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Nunito Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap; src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc9iB85tU1E.woff2) format('woff2'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Nunito Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8GBs5tU1E.woff2) format('woff2'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Nunito Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; font-display: swap; src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/nunitosans/v6/pe03MImSLYBIv1o4X1M8cc8aBc5tU1E.woff2) format('woff2'); } </style>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/css_secure/4d03c4232207436c1cd7da6887672cd7.css" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/css_secure/6be42f5d4d20993baf70d796e02b0870.css" media="all" > <script src="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/js/c4e9bb21d9b962b4d78ab5b8c15cf394.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/getting-permission-riper.html" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var BLANK_URL = 'https://store.nolo.com/products/js/blank.html'; var BLANK_IMG = 'https://store.nolo.com/products/js/spacer.gif'; var BASE_URL = 'https://store.nolo.com/products/catalog/'; var SKIN_URL = 'https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default/'; var FORM_KEY = 'BGMRR3gBnfOACB62'; var IS_RESPONSIVE = true; // a global variable that we can add to for features and experiments var NOLO = { 'pageType': 'product', 'isResponsivePage': true, }; // add the ```pdpTest``` property so we can enable/disable specific features on the pdp page (see EHMAG-1905) NOLO.pdpTest = false; jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('a.add-form-key').each(function() { if (url.indexOf(FORM_KEY) < 0 && url.indexOf('cart/add') > 0) { var url = $(this).attr('url').replace(/form_key\/(.*)\//, '/form_key/' + FORM_KEY + '/'); this.attr('url', url); } }); jQuery(".btn-cart-buy-now-sm, .btn-cart-buy-now").each(function() { var onlickFunc = jQuery(this).attr('onclick'); if (onlickFunc && onlickFunc.indexOf(FORM_KEY) < 0 && onlickFunc.indexOf('cart/add') > 0) { onlickFunc = onlickFunc.replace(/form_key\/(.*)\//, 'form_key/' + FORM_KEY + '/'); jQuery(this).attr('onclick', onlickFunc); } }); if( jQuery.cookie('frontend_responsive_view') == null ) { jQuery('body').data('nolo.noloResponsiveHelper').resizeHandler(); var widthValue = jQuery('body').data('nolo.noloResponsiveHelper').currentRange; jQuery.cookie('frontend_responsive_view', widthValue, { expires: 3, path: '/' }); } else { jQuery.cookie('frontend_responsive_view'); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Mage.Cookies.path = '/products'; Mage.Cookies.domain = '.store.nolo.com'; //]]> </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ // create/send page view (https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs) (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); // send ecommerce info (https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ecommerce) //]]> </script>  <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RJLCGB9QZ9'></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-RJLCGB9QZ9'); </script> <script> (function(src, config) { var script = document.createElement("script"); script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function(e) { var event = e || window.event; if (event.type === "load" || (/loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState) && document.documentMode <= 11)) { script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = script.onerror = null; try { new IBExplorer(config); } catch (e) {}; } }; script.onerror = function() { script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = script.onerror = null; }; script.async = 1; script.src = src; script.setAttribute("crossorigin", "anonymous"); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); })("https://store.nolo.com/products/js/nolo/ga/explorer.js", { urls: { "ibtracker": { "url": "https://ibclick.stream/assets/js/track/dist/js/v1/tracker.min.js" }, "interest-endpoint": { "url": "https://ibclick.stream/api/v1/interests/0:0:0/" }, "google-analytics": { "url": "https://google-analytics.com/analytics.js" }, "google-tag-manager": { "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js" }, "gtag": { "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js" }, } }); </script><SCRIPT type="text/javascript" src="https://bh.contextweb.com/cp?p=5502&us_privacy=&gdpr_consent= &pageurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.nolo.com%2Fproducts%2F%2Fgetting-permission-riper.html&referrer=&ei=&did=&huid=&e=1&eid=&pvid=&bu=1&srid=&a=&pa=&pt=6" async></SCRIPT>  <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ var Translator = new Translate([]); //]]></script><script type="text/javascript"> (function checkParams() { // Making sure that we are at Quicken Will Maker Plus site, if we are at other sites the indexOf function will return -1 var isAtWillMaker = window.location.pathname.indexOf("/products/quicken-willmaker-plus-wqp.html") === 0; var search = {}; var pairs; // get rid of question mark and split the query search var query = window.location.search.substring(1).split("&"); // turn the query into hashes query.forEach(function(el) { pairs = el.split("=") search[pairs[0]] = pairs[1]; }) // check to see if all the conditions fulfilled, then redirect to the page as listed if (isAtWillMaker && search["utm_destination"] === "wmupgrade" && search["utm_source"] === "wmsoftware") { window.location.href = "https://www.nolo.com/lander/willmaker-renewal"; } })(); </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/font-proxima-nova@1.0.1/style.css" integrity="sha256-L1d2Id+grYBDnIGc26KdnMWSjk812ba7s0BqovMDOBE=" crossorigin="anonymous">  <script> jQuery(document).on('ready', function() { jQuery('#nolo-search-form [name="query"], .search-bar[name="query"]').attr('required', 'required'); }); </script> <script> (function(window, document, $){ $(document).ready(function(){ if(location.pathname === '/products/checkout/onepage/'){ $('.page-title').html('<h1>Secure Checkout <i class="material-icons" style="font-size: 20px">https</i></h1>'); $('.btn-place-order > span > span').html('Place Order <i class="material-icons" style="font-size: 20px;vertical-align: top;">https</i>'); } }); })(window, document, jQuery); </script></head> <body class="magento responsive catalog-product-view catalog-product-view product-getting-permission-riper" data-toggle="noloResponsiveHelper" data-range-mobile="[null, 669]" data-range-tablet="[670, 670]" data-range-desktop="[671, 8999]" data-range-wide="[9000, null]"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MLNCWWS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var aUrls = { 'pixels':{ 'noe2SignupConversion' : 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion/1071771261/?value=0&label=0i2aCMrxkwMQ_dyH_wM&guid=ON&script=0', 'noe3PurchaseConversion' : 'https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion/1071771261/?value=0&label=7LMVCPToWBD93If_Aw&guid=ON&script=0', 'pixelTest' : 'https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/nolo/default/images/components/btn_sm_test_pixel.png', 'pixelTest2' : 'https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/nolo/default/images/components/btn_sm_test_pixel.png?value=0', } }; // initialize the Analytics Class // - '_gaq': the google anaytics global variable created when a magento page is initialized //var analytics = new Analytics(ga, aUrls ); //]]> </script> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> usi_installed = 0; USI_installCode = function() { if (usi_installed == 0) { usi_installed = 1; var USI_headID = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; var USI_installID = document.createElement('script'); USI_installID.type = 'text/javascript'; USI_installID.src = 'https://www.upsellit.com/launch/nolo.jsp'; USI_headID.appendChild(USI_installID); } }; if (typeof(document.readyState) != "undefined" && document.readyState === "complete") { USI_installCode(); } else if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', USI_installCode, true); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', USI_installCode); } else { USI_installCode(); } setTimeout("USI_installCode()", 10000); </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(e,a){if(!a.__SV){var b=window;try{var c,l,i,j=b.location,g=j.hash;c=function(a,b){return(l=a.match(RegExp(b+"=([^&]*)")))?l[1]:null};g&&c(g,"state")&&(i=JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(c(g,"state"))),"mpeditor"===i.action&&(b.sessionStorage.setItem("_mpcehash",g),history.replaceState(i.desiredHash||"",e.title,j.pathname+j.search)))}catch(m){}var k,h;window.mixpanel=a;a._i=[];a.init=function(b,c,f){function e(b,a){var c=a.split(".");2==c.length&&(b=b[c[0]],a=c[1]);b[a]=function(){b.push([a].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)))}}var d=a;"undefined"!==typeof f?d=a[f]=[]:f="mixpanel";d.people=d.people||[];d.toString=function(b){var a="mixpanel";"mixpanel"!==f&&(a+="."+f);b||(a+=" (stub)");return a};d.people.toString=function(){return d.toString(1)+".people (stub)"};k="disable time_event track track_pageview track_links track_forms register register_once alias unregister identify name_tag set_config reset people.set people.set_once people.unset people.increment people.append people.union people.track_charge people.clear_charges people.delete_user".split(" "); for(h=0;h<k.length;h++)e(d,k[h]);a._i.push([b,c,f])};a.__SV=1.2;b=e.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=!0;b.src="undefined"!==typeof MIXPANEL_CUSTOM_LIB_URL?MIXPANEL_CUSTOM_LIB_URL:"file:"===e.location.protocol&&"//cdn.mxpnl.com/libs/mixpanel-2-latest.min.js".match(/^\/\//)?"https://cdn.mxpnl.com/libs/mixpanel-2-latest.min.js":"//cdn.mxpnl.com/libs/mixpanel-2-latest.min.js";c=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];c.parentNode.insertBefore(b,c)}})(document,window.mixpanel||[]); mixpanel.init("b6aa37d7c4f63a76d8e5ada12d5d499c");</script> <div id="page-container" class="region grid-region-page-container"> <div id="page" class="region grid-region-page"> <div id="page-hd" class="region grid-region-page-hd"> <div id="region-header" class="region grid-region-header">  <div id="page-hd" class="region grid-region-page-hd grid-region-page-hd-menu"> <div id="region-header" class="region grid-region-header"> <div class="container-fluid"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light navbar-nolo static-top" id="navbar-user-nav" style="margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important;"> <div class="navbar-column ml-lg-10 ml-md-5 ml-sm-0" style="width:auto;"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.nolo.com/" alt="Nolo Logo"> <svg width="145" height="38" viewBox="0 0 145 38" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0.833008 0V37.124L16.8238 30.8608L32.8009 37.124V0H0.833008Z" fill="#EC2124"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.52696 10.492C7.59744 9.4341 8.44583 9.04692 9.73796 9.02723C12.7877 8.98036 15.4133 11.7717 15.4613 15.11C15.4879 16.9794 14.7119 18.7545 13.2826 20.0585C12.2361 21.0096 11.0798 21.4544 9.58028 21.4774C6.76326 21.5205 4.48727 19.6859 4.45351 17.3356C4.43352 15.9205 5.19485 14.9469 6.33285 14.9291C7.28829 14.9146 7.96967 15.5455 7.98299 16.4802C7.99454 17.2812 7.53703 17.8493 6.86543 17.8597C6.71041 17.862 6.55539 17.8372 6.34795 17.8137C6.49942 19.3343 7.67651 20.3313 9.30488 20.3065C10.3647 20.2901 11.2637 19.8757 11.8478 19.1454C12.5332 18.2801 12.9747 16.6175 12.9525 15.0416C12.9099 12.0768 11.5644 10.2014 9.49633 10.2328C8.07494 10.2549 6.95071 11.1534 6.50653 12.6562L5.0576 12.5981L5.49334 3.29551L6.81168 3.27535C7.85329 3.84721 8.42407 3.9719 9.89787 3.9494C11.2939 3.9283 13.3034 3.46988 14.2011 2.97536C14.3295 2.92005 14.4579 2.86474 14.5356 2.86331C14.6906 2.86099 14.8221 3.01942 14.8248 3.17926C14.8274 3.36629 14.242 3.98971 13.7045 4.39845C12.0402 5.54639 10.6001 6.04887 8.97086 6.07372C8.27305 6.0845 7.72848 5.95934 6.71529 5.57404L6.52696 10.492Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.52696 10.492C7.59744 9.4341 8.44583 9.04692 9.73796 9.02723C12.7877 8.98036 15.4133 11.7717 15.4613 15.11C15.4879 16.9794 14.7119 18.7545 13.2826 20.0585C12.2361 21.0096 11.0798 21.4544 9.58028 21.4774C6.76326 21.5205 4.48727 19.6859 4.45351 17.3356C4.43352 15.9205 5.19485 14.9469 6.33285 14.9291C7.28829 14.9146 7.96967 15.5455 7.98299 16.4802C7.99454 17.2812 7.53703 17.8493 6.86543 17.8597C6.71041 17.862 6.55539 17.8372 6.34795 17.8137C6.49942 19.3343 7.67651 20.3313 9.30488 20.3065C10.3647 20.2901 11.2637 19.8757 11.8478 19.1454C12.5332 18.2801 12.9747 16.6175 12.9525 15.0416C12.9099 12.0768 11.5644 10.2014 9.49633 10.2328C8.07494 10.2549 6.95071 11.1534 6.50653 12.6562L5.0576 12.5981L5.49334 3.29551L6.81168 3.27535C7.85329 3.84721 8.42407 3.9719 9.89787 3.9494C11.2939 3.9283 13.3034 3.46988 14.2011 2.97536C14.3295 2.92005 14.4579 2.86474 14.5356 2.86331C14.6906 2.86099 14.8221 3.01942 14.8248 3.17926C14.8274 3.36629 14.242 3.98971 13.7045 4.39845C12.0402 5.54639 10.6001 6.04887 8.97086 6.07372C8.27305 6.0845 7.72848 5.95934 6.71529 5.57404L6.52696 10.492Z" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.25"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.4724 5.89699C19.9975 6.99946 19.7195 9.22081 19.7528 11.5711C19.8385 17.5531 20.8308 20.0487 23.1055 20.014C25.5347 19.9769 26.4826 17.5582 26.3956 11.4961C26.3209 6.28792 25.2527 3.92735 23.0047 3.96157C21.7894 3.98032 21.0476 4.55265 20.4724 5.89699ZM27.9009 6.47776C28.4894 7.831 28.8532 9.80204 28.8808 11.6986C28.9176 14.2621 28.4579 16.4595 27.5002 18.237C26.392 20.2577 25.0106 21.2402 23.149 21.2688C21.0036 21.3016 19.3823 19.9643 18.283 17.2831C17.6665 15.7433 17.3311 13.9855 17.3022 11.9826C17.2769 10.193 17.5843 8.23834 18.1582 6.7604C18.506 5.76668 19.1634 4.71483 19.9784 3.87439C20.8184 3.00628 21.7694 2.59145 23.1139 2.57083C25.1296 2.53989 26.8038 3.90345 27.9009 6.47776Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.4724 5.89699C19.9975 6.99946 19.7195 9.22081 19.7528 11.5711C19.8385 17.5531 20.8308 20.0487 23.1055 20.014C25.5347 19.9769 26.4826 17.5582 26.3956 11.4961C26.3209 6.28792 25.2527 3.92735 23.0047 3.96157C21.7894 3.98032 21.0476 4.55265 20.4724 5.89699ZM27.9009 6.47776C28.4894 7.831 28.8532 9.80204 28.8808 11.6986C28.9176 14.2621 28.4579 16.4595 27.5002 18.237C26.392 20.2577 25.0106 21.2402 23.149 21.2688C21.0036 21.3016 19.3823 19.9643 18.283 17.2831C17.6665 15.7433 17.3311 13.9855 17.3022 11.9826C17.2769 10.193 17.5843 8.23834 18.1582 6.7604C18.506 5.76668 19.1634 4.71483 19.9784 3.87439C20.8184 3.00628 21.7694 2.59145 23.1139 2.57083C25.1296 2.53989 26.8038 3.90345 27.9009 6.47776Z" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.25"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.89833 27.7698L2.17578 23.5146H3.94541L4.70674 26.119H4.72584L5.50627 23.5146H7.21949L5.49694 27.7698V30.5312H3.89833V27.7698Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8.45508 23.5146H12.3852V24.851H10.0537V26.2563H12.2422V27.5931H10.0537V29.1948H12.4896V30.5312H8.45508V23.5146Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.1516 24.792H16.1325L15.5711 27.917H16.7322L16.1516 24.792ZM15.1811 23.5146H17.179L18.8731 30.5312H17.2172L16.9703 29.1948H15.3428L15.1051 30.5312H13.4492L15.1811 23.5146Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.6982 26.4729H22.193C22.8402 26.4729 23.0117 25.9718 23.0117 25.5588C23.0117 25.0282 22.8211 24.6743 22.1837 24.6743H21.6982V26.4729ZM20.0996 23.5146H22.7829C24.1439 23.5146 24.6103 24.3795 24.6103 25.3427C24.6103 26.3646 24.2105 26.8657 23.4683 27.0527V27.0724C24.4864 27.2196 24.5437 27.8781 24.5623 28.8217C24.5912 30.2073 24.6387 30.3446 24.867 30.4431V30.5316H23.1449C23.0215 30.2959 22.9735 29.9026 22.9735 29.1067C22.9735 27.888 22.8118 27.6325 22.3072 27.6325H21.6982V30.5316H20.0996V23.5146Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M27.5964 28.3897V28.6353C27.5964 29.1659 27.739 29.569 28.2907 29.569C28.8526 29.569 29.0143 29.1364 29.0143 28.7333C29.0143 27.2202 26.0929 28.0653 26.0929 25.4413C26.0929 24.321 26.6734 23.3779 28.3196 23.3779C29.9186 23.3779 30.4894 24.2128 30.4894 25.2941V25.461H28.9477C28.9477 25.1268 28.9095 24.8812 28.8144 24.7241C28.7193 24.5568 28.5674 24.4781 28.3289 24.4781C27.9296 24.4781 27.6915 24.7241 27.6915 25.2351C27.6915 26.6994 30.6129 25.9621 30.6129 28.4384C30.6129 30.0307 29.7565 30.6696 28.2907 30.6696C27.1301 30.6696 26.0547 30.3059 26.0547 28.8415V28.3897H27.5964Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M86.2142 27.61H82.5647L72.9428 16.0866V27.61H68.6045V9.62598H72.5857L81.8754 20.6221V9.62598H86.2142V27.61Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M98.5655 13.1329C95.2479 13.1329 93.0532 15.3215 93.0532 18.6181C93.0532 21.9138 95.2479 24.1028 98.5655 24.1028C101.858 24.1028 104.053 21.9138 104.053 18.6181C104.053 15.3215 101.858 13.1329 98.5655 13.1329ZM98.5655 27.8471C92.1857 27.8471 88.5869 23.2061 88.5869 18.6181C88.5869 14.2668 92.0067 9.38867 98.5655 9.38867C105.125 9.38867 108.519 14.2935 108.519 18.6181C108.519 23.2324 104.818 27.8471 98.5655 27.8471Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M124.137 27.61H110.866V9.62598H115.205V24.3139H124.137V27.61Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M135.008 13.1329C131.69 13.1329 129.496 15.3215 129.496 18.6181C129.496 21.9138 131.69 24.1028 135.008 24.1028C138.301 24.1028 140.496 21.9138 140.496 18.6181C140.496 15.3215 138.301 13.1329 135.008 13.1329ZM135.008 27.8471C128.628 27.8471 125.029 23.2061 125.029 18.6181C125.029 14.2668 128.449 9.38867 135.008 9.38867C141.568 9.38867 144.962 14.2935 144.962 18.6181C144.962 23.2324 141.261 27.8471 135.008 27.8471Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M61.9038 10.2394L38.5407 15.2216L38.5322 14.076L61.907 9.21191L61.9038 10.2394Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M54.2711 22.3487C55.1488 20.4058 57.1454 16.0189 57.8335 14.5044C58.5211 16.0189 60.5137 20.4058 61.3971 22.3487H54.2711ZM62.8319 22.3487L57.8335 11.3545L57.2454 12.6449L52.8382 22.3487H52.5605C52.5605 23.7592 54.9445 24.9029 57.8774 24.9029C60.809 24.9029 63.193 23.7592 63.193 22.3487H62.8319Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M38.9234 25.6666C39.8073 23.7246 41.8012 19.3391 42.4857 17.8284C43.172 19.3391 45.1677 23.7246 46.049 25.6666H38.9234ZM47.4828 25.6666L42.4857 14.6719L41.9007 15.9618L37.4922 25.6666H37.2119C37.2119 27.0812 39.5967 28.2231 42.5279 28.2231C45.464 28.2231 47.8435 27.0812 47.8435 25.6666H47.4828Z" fill="#231F20"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M51.2773 9.51138C51.2773 10.1071 50.8118 10.5871 50.2379 10.5871C49.6662 10.5871 49.2012 10.1071 49.2012 9.51138C49.2012 8.91655 49.6662 8.4375 50.2379 8.4375C50.8118 8.4375 51.2773 8.91655 51.2773 9.51138Z" fill="#231F20"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="navbar__actions"> <button title="Search" id="btn-search" class="navbar-search" type="button" data-target="#nolo-search-form" data-toggle="collapse" aria-label="Search" title="Search"> <img alt="Search" src="https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default//images/header-menu/search_black_24dp.svg"> </button> <button title="Cart" onclick="window.location.href='https://store.nolo.com/products/checkout/cart';" class="navbar-shopping" type="button" aria-label="Nolo Store"> <svg role="img" width="25px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 25 20" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Nolo Store</title> <g id="Icon/Cart/Default" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(12.500000, 10.000000) scale(-1, 1) translate(-12.500000, -10.000000) " fill="#272727"> <ellipse id="Oval" cx="5.97826087" cy="18.3333333" rx="1.63043478" ry="1.66666667"></ellipse> <ellipse id="Oval-Copy-5" cx="14.673913" cy="18.3333333" rx="1.63043478" ry="1.66666667"></ellipse> <path d="M15.0885418,13.5435473 L5.20108417,13.5435473 L2.67755591,4.76168886 L17.6119737,4.76168886 L15.0885418,13.5435473 Z M18.9796198,0 L18.9777884,0.00769410439 L18.1893364,2.74968056 L0,2.74968056 L0.578326631,4.76168886 L0.580157999,4.76168886 L3.6819165,15.5555556 L3.72731514,15.5430526 L3.72731514,15.5555556 L16.596914,15.5555556 L16.596914,15.5526703 L16.6076131,15.5555556 L19.7092752,4.76168886 L20.2876018,2.74968056 L20.4997513,2.0120083 L25,2.0120083 L25,0 L18.9796198,0 Z" id="Fill-7"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </button> <button class="navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-btn" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarResponsive" aria-controls="navbarResponsive" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation" style=""> <img src="https://store.nolo.com/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default//images/header-menu/navbar-toggler.svg"> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarResponsive"> <div class="navbar-collapse--nolo"> <ul class="navbar-nav mt-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item dropdown position-static"> <a id="legal-issues-explained-link" class="nav-link" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia" title="Legal Issues Explained" id="navbarDropdown-3" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Legal Issues Explained <svg class="nav-down-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"> <path d="M18 9.52227L16.59 8L12 12.9447L7.41 8L6 9.52227L12 16L18 9.52227Z" fill="#272727"></path> </svg> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu nav-item__menu--nolo w-100" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown-1"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row ml-lg-9 ml-md-5 ml-sm-5 mr-lg-9 mr-md-5 mr-sm-0 pb-3 py-3"> <div class="col"> <span class="dropdown-header py-3">Injuries & Illnesses</span> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap mt-3" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/accident-law">Accidents & Injuries (Personal Injury)</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/vehicle-accidents">Car Accidents</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/disability-law">Disability Law</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/workers-compensation"> Workers’ Compensation</a> </div> <div class="col"> <span class="dropdown-header py-3">Criminal & Traffic</span> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap mt-3" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/criminal-law">Criminal Law</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/dui-traffic-tickets">DUI / DWI & Traffic Tickets</a> </div> <div class="col"> <span class="dropdown-header py-3">Money & Property</span> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap mt-3" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/collection-agencies">Debt Management</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/foreclosure">Foreclosure</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/personal-finance-retirement">Personal Finance</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/real-estate-rental-property">Real Estate</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/social-security-retirement">Social Security & Retirement</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/taxes">Taxes</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/wills-trusts-estates">Wills, Trusts & Probate</a> </div> <div class="col"> <span class="dropdown-header py-3">Business</span> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap mt-3" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/llc-corporations-partnerships">Business Formation: LLCs & Corporations</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/nonprofits">Nonprofits</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/patent-copyright-trademark">Patent, Copyright & Trademark</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/small-business">Small Business</a> </div> <div class="col"> <span class="dropdown-header py-3">Everyday Legal Issues</span> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap mt-3" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/family-law-divorce">Divorce & Family Law</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/hr-employment-law">Employment Law</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/immigration">Immigration</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/landlords">Landlords</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lgbt-law">LGBTQ Law</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lawsuits-court">Small Claims Court & Lawsuits</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/renters-rights">Tenants</a> <a class="dropdown-item text-wrap" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link book-and-diy-tools-desk" href="https://store.nolo.com/products" title="Books & DIY Legal Tools"> Books & DIY Legal Tools </a> </li> <li class="nav-item find-a-lawyer-desk"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.nolo.com/lawyers" title="Find a Lawyer" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Find a Lawyer </a> </li> <li class="nav-item our-history-desk"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.nolo.com/about/history" title="Our History" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Our History </a> </li> </ul> <div class="navbar__sign-in mr-lg-10 mr-md-5 mr-sm-0"> <button id="btn-search-sign" class="navbar-search" type="button" data-target="#nolo-search-form" data-toggle="collapse" aria-label="Search" title="Search"> <svg width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M25 13C25 19.6274 19.6274 25 13 25C6.37258 25 1 19.6274 1 13C1 6.37258 6.37259 0.999998 13 1C19.6274 1 25 6.37258 25 13Z" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> <path d="M27.9996 27.9996L21.4746 21.4746" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </button> <div class="sign-in" id="account-id" title="Sign In"> <a title="Sign In" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/customer/account/login/"> <svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M15 15C18.7129 15 21.75 11.9624 21.75 8.25C21.75 4.53757 18.7129 1.5 15 1.5C11.2871 1.5 8.25 4.53757 8.25 8.25C8.25 11.9624 11.2871 15 15 15ZM15 18.375C10.5283 18.375 1.5 20.6533 1.5 25.125V28.5H28.5V25.125C28.5 20.6533 19.4717 18.375 15 18.375Z" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </a> </div> <button title="Cart" onclick="window.location.href='https://store.nolo.com/products/checkout/cart';" class="navbar-shopping" type="button" aria-label="Nolo Store"> <svg width="31" height="30" viewBox="0 0 31 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M14.8057 26.1138C14.8057 27.4316 13.7373 28.5 12.4194 28.5C11.1016 28.5 10.0332 27.4316 10.0332 26.1138C10.0332 24.7959 11.1016 23.7275 12.4194 23.7275C13.7373 23.7275 14.8057 24.7959 14.8057 26.1138Z" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> <path d="M26.8096 26.1138C26.8096 27.4316 25.7412 28.5 24.4233 28.5C23.1055 28.5 22.0371 27.4316 22.0371 26.1138C22.0371 24.7959 23.1055 23.7275 24.4233 23.7275C25.7412 23.7275 26.8096 24.7959 26.8096 26.1138Z" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> <path d="M1 1H6.2381L9.74762 17.5144C9.99477 18.6864 11.0982 19.523 12.3667 19.5001H25.0952C26.3637 19.523 27.4671 18.6864 27.7143 17.5144L29.8095 7.1667H7.54762" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <header class="page-header mobile-nav-menu"> <nav> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <div class="list-wrapper"> <ul class="menu level-1"> <li> <a href="" class="nested">Legal Issues Explained <svg class="arrow-forward-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-2"> <li> <a href="" class="nested">Injuries & Illnesses <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/accident-law">Accidents & Injuries (Personal Injury)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/vehicle-accidents">Car Accidents</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/disability-law">Disability Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/workers-compensation">Workers’ Compensation</a> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="" class="nested"> Criminal & Traffic <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/criminal-law">Criminal Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/dui-traffic-tickets">DUI / DWI & Traffic Tickets</a> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="" class="nested"> Money & Property <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/collection-agencies">Debt Management</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/foreclosure">Foreclosure</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/personal-finance-retirement">Personal Finance</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/real-estate-rental-property">Real Estate</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/social-security-retirement">Social Security & Retirement</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/taxes">Taxes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/wills-trusts-estates">Wills, Trusts & Probate</a> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="" class="nested"> Business <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/llc-corporations-partnerships">Business Formation: LLCs & Corporations</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/nonprofits">Nonprofits</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/patent-copyright-trademark">Patent, Copyright & Trademark</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/small-business">Small Business</a> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="" class="nested"> Everyday Legal Issues <svg width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"/> </svg> </a> <ul class="sub-menu level-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/family-law-divorce">Divorce & Family Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/hr-employment-law">Employment Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/immigration">Immigration</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/landlords">Landlords</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lgbt-law">LGBTQ Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lawsuits-court">Small Claims Court & Lawsuits</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/renters-rights">Tenants</a> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="all-legal-issues" href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia"> See All Legal Issues <span class="float-right"> <svg class="all-legal-issues-svg" width="9" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.5 1.55273L7.20605 7.25879L1.5 12.9658" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://store.nolo.com/products" title="Books & DIY Legal Tools">Books & DIY Legal Tools</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/lawyers" title="Find a Lawyer">Find a Lawyer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nolo.com/about/history" title="Our History">Our History</a> </li> <li class="navbar__footer"> <a title="Sign In" href="https://store.nolo.com/products/customer/account/login/"> <svg width="20" height="21" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M10 10.5C12.4752 10.5 14.5 8.47495 14.5 6C14.5 3.52505 12.4752 1.5 10 1.5C7.52476 1.5 5.5 3.52505 5.5 6C5.5 8.47495 7.52477 10.5 10 10.5ZM10 12.75C7.01884 12.75 1 14.2688 1 17.25V19.5H19V17.25C19 14.2688 12.9812 12.75 10 12.75Z" stroke="#272727" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> Sign In </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="list-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="back-one-level"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M16.67 0l2.83 2.829-9.339 9.175 9.339 9.167-2.83 2.829-12.17-11.996z" /> </svg> <span>Back</span> </button> <div class="sub-menu-wrapper"></div> </div> <div class="list-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="back-one-level"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M16.67 0l2.83 2.829-9.339 9.175 9.339 9.167-2.83 2.829-12.17-11.996z" /> </svg> <span>Back</span> </button> <div class="sub-menu-wrapper"></div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="nolo-search-form" class="navbar-branded-search collapse"> <div class="container"> <form name="search" action="https://www.nolo.com/search2" method="get" class="form-inline clearfix"> <div class="search-submit"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-search" title="Search"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><i class="ns ns-search-black"></i></button> </div> <div class="search-field search-field-type"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="query" class="control-label sr-only">Search Type</label> <select name="type" class="form-control"> <option value="all">All</option> <option value="product">Products</option> <option value="ldir">Lawyers</option> <option value="article">Articles</option> <option value="dictionary">Dictionary</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="search-field search-field-query clearfix"> <div class="form-group field-query"> <label for="query" class="control-label sr-only">Search Term</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search Nolo here" value="" name="query"> </div> <div class="form-group field-location" style="display: none;"> <label for="query" class="control-label sr-only">Location</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="City and State or Zip Code" value="" name="location" data-toggle="noloIpGeolocate" data-get="city-state"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(function(){ var $search = $j('.navbar-branded-search'); var $searchType = $search.find('select[name="type"]'); var $searchQuery = $search.find('input[name="query"]'); var $searchLocation = $search.find('.field-location'); var searchOnChange = function(event) { var $self = $searchType; var type = $self.val(); $search.attr('data-search-type', type); if(type === 'ldir'){ $searchLocation.show(); } else { $searchLocation.hide(); } switch(type){ case 'ldir': $searchQuery.attr('placeholder', 'Business Formation, Personal Injury, etc'); break; case 'product': $searchQuery.attr('placeholder', 'Search Nolo Products'); break; case 'article': $searchQuery.attr('placeholder', 'Search Nolo Articles'); break; default: $searchQuery.attr('placeholder', 'Search Nolo Here'); } } // bind to the change event $searchType.on('change', searchOnChange); // set the initial placeholder searchOnChange(); }); </script> </div> </div> <div id="page-bd" class="region grid-region-page-bd container"> <div id="mobile-nav-toggle" class="mobile-nav-toggle visible-xs"> <button id="mobile-product-nav-toggle" class="btn btn-mobile-product-nav-toggle btn-primary"> <span><span>Shop Products By Subject</span></span> </button> <script> $j("#mobile-product-nav-toggle").click(function(){ var $mageURL = location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname; var $path = location.pathname; var $splittedPath = $path.split("/"); // remove the last element of this array $splittedPath.pop(); if($splittedPath.length > 2) { // for subcategory pages, redirect to the parent category page $mageURL += $splittedPath.join('/'); window.location.href = $mageURL; } else { // for other pages, toggle the product navigation $j('body').toggleClass('magento-nav-displayed'); $j(this).toggleClass('toggled'); $t_default = "Shop Products By Subject"; $j(this).find('span > span').text(function(i, text){ return text === $t_default ? "Return to Previous Page" : $t_default; }); } }); </script> </div> <div id="page-content" class="grid-region-page-content"> <div id="region-content-row" class="region grid-region-content-row clearfix layout-column-1"> <div id="region-content-center" class="region grid-region-content-center ct"> <div id="messages_product_view"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> dataLayer.push({ ecommerce: null }); // Clear the previous ecommerce object dataLayer.push({"event":"view_item","ecommerce":{"items":[{"item_id":"RIPER8","item_name":"Getting Permission","affiliation":"Magento","item_category":"Book & eBook","item_category2":"Intellectual Property","price":24.49,"quantity":1,"item_variant":"eBook"}]}}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var optionsPrice = new Product.OptionsPrice({"priceFormat":{"pattern":"$%s","precision":2,"requiredPrecision":2,"decimalSymbol":".","groupSymbol":",","groupLength":3,"integerRequired":1},"includeTax":"false","showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"idSuffix":"_clone","oldPlusDisposition":0,"plusDisposition":0,"plusDispositionTax":0,"oldMinusDisposition":0,"minusDisposition":0,"productId":"39121","productPrice":24.49,"productOldPrice":24.49,"priceInclTax":24.49,"priceExclTax":24.49,"skipCalculate":1,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"tierPrices":[],"tierPricesInclTax":[],"swatchPrices":null}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery( document ).ready( function() { jQuery( window ).scroll(function() { let target = jQuery('.tablet-product-top #product-add-to-cart.mobile'); let target2 = jQuery('.tablet-product-top .online-form-add-to-cart'); if (target.length > 0) { if( window.scrollY > (target.offset().top + target.outerHeight(true))){ jQuery('#mobile-buy').removeClass('hidden'); } else { jQuery('#mobile-buy').addClass('hidden'); } } else if (target2.length > 0) { if( window.scrollY > (target2.offset().top + target2.outerHeight(true))){ jQuery('#mobile-buy').removeClass('hidden'); } else { jQuery('#mobile-buy').addClass('hidden'); } } }) }) </script> <div id="product-view" class="product-view product-view-default " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"> <div id="region-breadcrumbs" class="region grid-region-breadcrumbs"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="crumb-item-home"> <a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/" title="Products">Products</a> </li> <li class="crumb-item-category1331"> <a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/intellectual-property" title="Intellectual Property">Intellectual Property</a> </li> <li class="crumb-item-category1381"> <a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/intellectual-property/copyright-books" title="Copyright Books">Copyright Books</a> </li> <li class="crumb-item-current active"> <span>Getting Permission</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div id="mobile-buy" class="hidden"> <div id="product-add-to-cart" class="mobile hidden-lg"> <div class="add-to-cart-box"> <div class="box-content"> <div class="box-bd"> <form action="https://store.nolo.com/products/checkout/cart/add/uenc/aHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9yZS5ub2xvLmNvbS9wcm9kdWN0cy9nZXR0aW5nLXBlcm1pc3Npb24tcmlwZXIuaHRtbD9fX19TSUQ9Uw,,/product/39121/form_key/ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L/" method="post" id="product_addtocart_form"> <input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L" /> <div class="hide"> <input type="hidden" name="product" value="39121" /> <input type="hidden" name="related_product" id="related-products-field" value="" /> </div> <script> $j(document).ready(function() { var _catalogFormKey = $j('input[name="form_key"]'); if (_catalogFormKey) { _catalogFormKey.each(function() { var self = $j(this); var _clossestForm = $j(self.closest('form')); var _formAction = _clossestForm.attr('action'); if (self.val() && _formAction) { _clossestForm.attr('action', _formAction.replace(self.val(), FORM_KEY)); } self.val(FORM_KEY); }); } }); </script> <div class="product-options" id="product-options-wrapper"> <dl class="product-options-top configurable"> <dt><h3>Select Your Format</h3></dt> <dd> <div class="input-box" style="display: none; visibility: hidden;"> <select name="super_attribute[221]" id="attribute221" class="required-entry super-attribute-select"> <option>Choose an Option...</option> </select> </div> <div class="input-box product-price-overview"> <div class='format-wrapper'> <div class='current-format'> <div class='type'>eBook </div> <div class='price'></div> <i class='material-icons arrow-down-white'></i> </div> <div class='format-selector mobile-closed'> <h4 class="product-format active" itemprop="bookFormat">eBook</h4> <h4 class="product-format book-ebook-button " >Book & eBook</h4> </div> <div class="format-types">Format: <a href="">PDF</a>, <a href="">EPUB</a> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select first active"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <p id="product-price-39101-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer"> <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span itemprop="price">$24.49</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">30% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 1; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select last"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <span class="more-info-container"><a href="#" onclick="window.open('http://www.nolo.com/ebook/book-and-ebook-bundle','','left=200, top=200, location=0, status=0, scrollbars=1,width=600,height=700');">MORE INFO</a></span> <p id="product-price-39111-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" > <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span >$27.99</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">20% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 2; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> </div> </dd> </dl> <script type="text/javascript"> var spConfig = new ProductConfigurableNolo.Config({"attributes":{"221":{"id":221,"code":"book_format","label":"Select Your Format","options":[{"id":"1131","label":"eBook (Downloadable)","price":"0","oldPrice":"0","products":["39101"]},{"id":"1121","label":"Book & eBook","price":"3.5","oldPrice":"3.5","products":["39111"]}]}},"template":"$#{price}","basePrice":"24.49","oldPrice":"24.49","productId":"39121","chooseText":"Choose an Option...","taxConfig":{"includeTax":false,"showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"inclTaxTitle":"Incl. Tax"}}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var DateOption = Class.create({ getDaysInMonth: function(month, year) { var curDate = new Date(); if (!month) { month = curDate.getMonth(); } if (2 == month && !year) { // leap year assumption for unknown year return 29; } if (!year) { year = curDate.getFullYear(); } return 32 - new Date(year, month - 1, 32).getDate(); }, reloadMonth: function(event) { var selectEl = event.findElement(); var idParts = selectEl.id.split("_"); if (idParts.length != 3) { return false; } var optionIdPrefix = idParts[0] + "_" + idParts[1]; var month = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_month").value); var year = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_year").value); var dayEl = $(optionIdPrefix + "_day"); var days = this.getDaysInMonth(month, year); //remove days for (var i = dayEl.options.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (dayEl.options[i].value > days) { dayEl.remove(dayEl.options[i].index); } } // add days var lastDay = parseInt(dayEl.options[dayEl.options.length-1].value); for (i = lastDay + 1; i <= days; i++) { this.addOption(dayEl, i, i); } }, addOption: function(select, text, value) { var option = document.createElement('OPTION'); option.value = value; option.text = text; if (select.options.add) { select.options.add(option); } else { select.appendChild(option); } } }); dateOption = new DateOption(); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ enUS = {"m":{"wide":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"abbr":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]}}; // en_US locale reference Calendar._DN = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"]; // full day names Calendar._SDN = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]; // short day names Calendar._FD = 0; // First day of the week. "0" means display Sunday first, "1" means display Monday first, etc. Calendar._MN = ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"]; // full month names Calendar._SMN = ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]; // short month names Calendar._am = "AM"; // am/pm Calendar._pm = "PM"; // tooltips Calendar._TT = {}; Calendar._TT["INFO"] = 'About the calendar'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT"] = 'DHTML Date/Time Selector\n' + "(c) dynarch.com 2002-2005 / Author: Mihai Bazon\n" + 'For latest version visit: http://www.dynarch.com/projects/calendar/\n' + 'Distributed under GNU LGPL. See http://gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html for details.' + '\n\n' + 'Date selection:\n' + '- Use the \xab, \xbb buttons to select year\n' + '- Use the \u2039 buttons to select month\n' + '- Hold mouse button on any of the above buttons for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT_TIME"] = '\n\n' + 'Time selection:\n' + '- Click on any of the time parts to increase it\n' + '- or Shift-click to decrease it\n' + '- or click and drag for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["PREV_YEAR"] = 'Prev. year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["PREV_MONTH"] = 'Prev. month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["GO_TODAY"] = 'Go Today'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_MONTH"] = 'Next month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_YEAR"] = 'Next year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["SEL_DATE"] = 'Select date'; Calendar._TT["DRAG_TO_MOVE"] = 'Drag to move'; Calendar._TT["PART_TODAY"] = ' (' + "today" + ')'; // the following is to inform that "%s" is to be the first day of week Calendar._TT["DAY_FIRST"] = 'Display %s first'; // This may be locale-dependent. It specifies the week-end days, as an array // of comma-separated numbers. The numbers are from 0 to 6: 0 means Sunday, 1 // means Monday, etc. Calendar._TT["WEEKEND"] = "0,6"; Calendar._TT["CLOSE"] = 'Close'; Calendar._TT["TODAY"] = "today"; Calendar._TT["TIME_PART"] = '(Shift-)Click or drag to change value'; // date formats Calendar._TT["DEF_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%b %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["TT_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%B %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["WK"] = "Week"; Calendar._TT["TIME"] = 'Time:'; //]]> </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript">decorateGeneric($$('#product-options-wrapper dl'), ['last']);</script> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="product-top-region" class="product-top-region row layout-column-2-right clearfix"> <div class="ct visible-xs"> <h1 id="product-name" itemprop="name">Getting Permission</h1> <h2 class='subtitle'>Using & Licensing Copyright-Protected Materials Online & Off</h2> </div> <div id="product-overview" class="product-overview-region media ct"> <div class="product-top"> <div id="product-image-region" class="image-region media-left hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div id="product-image" class="product-image"> <img class="image" src="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/r/i/riper8_240.png" alt="Getting Permission" title="Getting Permission" width="100%" /></div> </div> <div class="media-body"> <div class="media-body__top hidden-xs"> <p id="prodDetailAuthors" class="prodDetailDNA hidden-xs"><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">Richard Stim</span></p> <h1 id="product-name" class="hidden-xs" itemprop="name">Getting Permission</h1> <h2 class='subtitle'>Using & Licensing Copyright-Protected Materials Online & Off</h2> <div class='hidden-xs'> </div> </div> <div class="tablet-product-top hidden-lg"> <div id="product-image-region" class="image-region media-left hidden-lg"> <div id="product-image" class="product-image"> <img class="image" src="https://store.nolo.com/products/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/r/i/riper8_240.png" alt="Getting Permission" title="Getting Permission" width="100%" /></div> <div class='visible-xs'> <p id="prodDetailAuthors" class="prodDetailDNA"><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">Richard Stim</span></p> <p id="prodDetailPubDate" class="prodDetailPubDate"><span itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-10-15">October 2022</span>, <span itemprop="bookEdition">8th</span> Edition</p> </div> </div> <div id="product-add-to-cart" class="mobile hidden-lg"> <div class="add-to-cart-box"> <div class="box-content"> <div class="box-bd"> <form action="https://store.nolo.com/products/checkout/cart/add/uenc/aHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9yZS5ub2xvLmNvbS9wcm9kdWN0cy9nZXR0aW5nLXBlcm1pc3Npb24tcmlwZXIuaHRtbD9fX19TSUQ9Uw,,/product/39121/form_key/ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L/" method="post" id="product_addtocart_form"> <input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L" /> <div class="hide"> <input type="hidden" name="product" value="39121" /> <input type="hidden" name="related_product" id="related-products-field" value="" /> </div> <script> $j(document).ready(function() { var _catalogFormKey = $j('input[name="form_key"]'); if (_catalogFormKey) { _catalogFormKey.each(function() { var self = $j(this); var _clossestForm = $j(self.closest('form')); var _formAction = _clossestForm.attr('action'); if (self.val() && _formAction) { _clossestForm.attr('action', _formAction.replace(self.val(), FORM_KEY)); } self.val(FORM_KEY); }); } }); </script> <div class="product-options" id="product-options-wrapper"> <dl class="product-options-top configurable"> <dt><h3>Select Your Format</h3></dt> <dd> <div class="input-box" style="display: none; visibility: hidden;"> <select name="super_attribute[221]" id="attribute221" class="required-entry super-attribute-select"> <option>Choose an Option...</option> </select> </div> <div class="input-box product-price-overview"> <div class='format-wrapper'> <div class='current-format'> <div class='type'>eBook </div> <div class='price'></div> <i class='material-icons arrow-down-white'></i> </div> <div class='format-selector mobile-closed'> <h4 class="product-format active" itemprop="bookFormat">eBook</h4> <h4 class="product-format book-ebook-button " >Book & eBook</h4> </div> <div class="format-types">Format: <a href="">PDF</a>, <a href="">EPUB</a> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select first active"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <p id="product-price-39101-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer"> <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span itemprop="price">$24.49</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">30% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 1; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select last"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <span class="more-info-container"><a href="#" onclick="window.open('http://www.nolo.com/ebook/book-and-ebook-bundle','','left=200, top=200, location=0, status=0, scrollbars=1,width=600,height=700');">MORE INFO</a></span> <p id="product-price-39111-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" > <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span >$27.99</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">20% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 2; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> </div> </dd> </dl> <script type="text/javascript"> var spConfig = new ProductConfigurableNolo.Config({"attributes":{"221":{"id":221,"code":"book_format","label":"Select Your Format","options":[{"id":"1131","label":"eBook (Downloadable)","price":"0","oldPrice":"0","products":["39101"]},{"id":"1121","label":"Book & eBook","price":"3.5","oldPrice":"3.5","products":["39111"]}]}},"template":"$#{price}","basePrice":"24.49","oldPrice":"24.49","productId":"39121","chooseText":"Choose an Option...","taxConfig":{"includeTax":false,"showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"inclTaxTitle":"Incl. Tax"}}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var DateOption = Class.create({ getDaysInMonth: function(month, year) { var curDate = new Date(); if (!month) { month = curDate.getMonth(); } if (2 == month && !year) { // leap year assumption for unknown year return 29; } if (!year) { year = curDate.getFullYear(); } return 32 - new Date(year, month - 1, 32).getDate(); }, reloadMonth: function(event) { var selectEl = event.findElement(); var idParts = selectEl.id.split("_"); if (idParts.length != 3) { return false; } var optionIdPrefix = idParts[0] + "_" + idParts[1]; var month = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_month").value); var year = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_year").value); var dayEl = $(optionIdPrefix + "_day"); var days = this.getDaysInMonth(month, year); //remove days for (var i = dayEl.options.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (dayEl.options[i].value > days) { dayEl.remove(dayEl.options[i].index); } } // add days var lastDay = parseInt(dayEl.options[dayEl.options.length-1].value); for (i = lastDay + 1; i <= days; i++) { this.addOption(dayEl, i, i); } }, addOption: function(select, text, value) { var option = document.createElement('OPTION'); option.value = value; option.text = text; if (select.options.add) { select.options.add(option); } else { select.appendChild(option); } } }); dateOption = new DateOption(); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ enUS = {"m":{"wide":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"abbr":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]}}; // en_US locale reference Calendar._DN = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"]; // full day names Calendar._SDN = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]; // short day names Calendar._FD = 0; // First day of the week. "0" means display Sunday first, "1" means display Monday first, etc. Calendar._MN = ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"]; // full month names Calendar._SMN = ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]; // short month names Calendar._am = "AM"; // am/pm Calendar._pm = "PM"; // tooltips Calendar._TT = {}; Calendar._TT["INFO"] = 'About the calendar'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT"] = 'DHTML Date/Time Selector\n' + "(c) dynarch.com 2002-2005 / Author: Mihai Bazon\n" + 'For latest version visit: http://www.dynarch.com/projects/calendar/\n' + 'Distributed under GNU LGPL. See http://gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html for details.' + '\n\n' + 'Date selection:\n' + '- Use the \xab, \xbb buttons to select year\n' + '- Use the \u2039 buttons to select month\n' + '- Hold mouse button on any of the above buttons for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT_TIME"] = '\n\n' + 'Time selection:\n' + '- Click on any of the time parts to increase it\n' + '- or Shift-click to decrease it\n' + '- or click and drag for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["PREV_YEAR"] = 'Prev. year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["PREV_MONTH"] = 'Prev. month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["GO_TODAY"] = 'Go Today'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_MONTH"] = 'Next month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_YEAR"] = 'Next year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["SEL_DATE"] = 'Select date'; Calendar._TT["DRAG_TO_MOVE"] = 'Drag to move'; Calendar._TT["PART_TODAY"] = ' (' + "today" + ')'; // the following is to inform that "%s" is to be the first day of week Calendar._TT["DAY_FIRST"] = 'Display %s first'; // This may be locale-dependent. It specifies the week-end days, as an array // of comma-separated numbers. The numbers are from 0 to 6: 0 means Sunday, 1 // means Monday, etc. Calendar._TT["WEEKEND"] = "0,6"; Calendar._TT["CLOSE"] = 'Close'; Calendar._TT["TODAY"] = "today"; Calendar._TT["TIME_PART"] = '(Shift-)Click or drag to change value'; // date formats Calendar._TT["DEF_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%b %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["TT_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%B %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["WK"] = "Week"; Calendar._TT["TIME"] = 'Time:'; //]]> </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript">decorateGeneric($$('#product-options-wrapper dl'), ['last']);</script> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="prodTeaser" class="prodTeaser"> <h3 class="hidden-xs">Using & Licensing Copyright-Protected Materials Online & Off</h3> <h3 class="prodTabHeader">If you're using copyrighted material, don't get sued—get permission!</h3> <p>Learn how to secure the use of copyrighted images, text, music, and more with the clear, up-to-date instructions found in <em>Getting Permission</em>. This all-in-one book tackles the permissions process head on and covers topics including:</p> <ul> <li>the public domain</li> <li>copyright research</li> <li>fair use</li> </ul> <p>Includes all the legal forms you need!</p> </div> <p id="prodDetailPubDate" class="prodDetailPubDate hidden-xs"><span itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-10-15">October 2022</span>, <span itemprop="bookEdition">8th</span> Edition</p> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="//store.nolo.com/products/js/nolo/product/form.js"></script> <div id="product-details-additional" class="product-details product-details-additional"> <div id="product-attribute-specs-accordion" class='visible-xs row'> <ul> <li class=""><a id="ProductDetails" href="#accordion-ProductDetails" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#accordion-ProductDetails" aria-controls="accordion-ProductDetails"> Product Details<i class='material-icons arrow-right'></i> </a> </li> <div class="collapse" id="accordion-ProductDetails"> <div class="product-details-description"><div itemprop="description" class="childAttributeValue test-02"><p class="backtext">Online or off, before you use some or all of a song, photo, book, or any other work covered by copyright law, you need to get permission. If you don’t, you could end up facing legal action from the rights-holder.</p> <p>This easy-to-use book shows you how to get the rights you need, with step-by-step instructions and more than 30 forms. Find out when permission is required, who to ask, and when (and how much) you can expect to pay. <em>Getting Permission</em> explains:</p> <ul> <li>the copyright permission process</li> <li>the public domain (“free” content)</li> <li>how to figure out who owns a copyright</li> <li>website permissions</li> <li>the “fair use” rule</li> <li>school-related permissions</li> <li>license and merchandise agreements (including sample contracts and other forms)</li> <li>and much more.</li> </ul> <p class="backtext">The 8th edition is updated with summaries of recent copyright and fair use cases, as well as dozens of real-life questions from the Dear Rich permissions blog.</p> <p><em>“The best guide to getting permissions of all types.”</em><strong>—Tech Trends</strong></p> <p><em>“I’ve waited a long time for a book of this excellence, depth and breadth in rights and permissions … an extraordinarily helpful book.”</em><strong>—McHugh Publishing Guides & Consulting</strong></p></div></div><div class="product-details-ean clearfix"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">ISBN</span><div itemprop="isbn" class="childAttributeValue test-02">9781413330076</div></div><div class="product-details-page-count clearfix"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">Number of Pages</span><div itemprop="numberOfPages" class="childAttributeValue test-02">544</div></div><div class="product-details-forms clearfix"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">Included Forms</span><div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><ul> <li>Text Permission Worksheet </li> <li>Text Permission Letter Agreement </li> <li>Text Permission Agreement </li> <li>Photo Permission Worksheet </li> <li>Photo Permission Agreement </li> <li>Artwork Permission Agreement </li> <li>Agreement to Use Artwork in Motion Picture </li> <li>Lyric Permission Letter Agreement </li> <li>Notice of Intention to Obtain Compulsory License for Making and Distributing Sound Recordings </li> <li>Music Synchronization and Videogram License Agreement </li> <li>Master Use and Videogram License </li> <li>Linking Agreement </li> <li>Coursepack Permission Request Form </li> <li>Coursepack Permission Agreement </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Book or Magazine </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Movie </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Photograph or Artwork </li> <li>Trademark License Agreement </li> <li>Merchandise License Agreement </li> <li>Merchandise License Worksheet </li> <li>Short-Form Merchandise License Agreement </li> <li>Unlimited Personal Release Agreement </li> <li>Limited Personal Release Agreement </li> <li>Interview Release Agreement </li> <li>Property Release Agreement </li> <li>Permissions Tracking Sheet </li> <li>Basic Copyright Assignment </li> <li>Musician Assignment Agreement </li> <li>Artwork Assignment Agreement </li> <li>Work-Made-for-Hire Agreement </li> </ul></div></div> </div> <li class=""><a id="AbouttheAuthor" href="#accordion-AbouttheAuthor" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#accordion-AbouttheAuthor" aria-controls="accordion-AbouttheAuthor"> About the Author<i class='material-icons arrow-right'></i> </a> </li> <div class="collapse" id="accordion-AbouttheAuthor"> <div class="product-details-author"><div class="childAttributeLabel test-06"><ul class="authors-wrapper">  <li class="author-list first last"> <h2><a href="https://www.nolo.com/law-authors/richard-stim.html" target="_blank">Richard Stim, Attorney · University of San Francisco School of Law</a></h2> <div class="author-bio"> <p>Attorney Richard Stim specialized in small business, copyright, patents, and trademark issues at Nolo. He has authored many books, including <em>Music Law: How to Run Your Band's Business;</em> <em>Patent, Copyright & Trademark: An Intellectual Property Desk Reference;</em> and <em>Profit From Your Idea</em>. Stim regularly answers readers' intellectual property questions at <a href="http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">his blog</a>.</p> </div> </li> </ul></div></div> </div> <li class=""><a id="TableofContents" href="#accordion-TableofContents" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#accordion-TableofContents" aria-controls="accordion-TableofContents"> Table of Contents<i class='material-icons arrow-right'></i> </a> </li> <div class="collapse" id="accordion-TableofContents"> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h4 class="mainTOCtitle">Your Legal Companion</h4> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">The Dear Rich Blog</h4> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">1.&ensp;Introduction to the Permissions Process</h4> <ul> <li>Permission: What Is It and Why Do I Need It?</li> <li>The Basics of Getting Permission</li> <li>Overview of Intellectual Property Laws</li> <li>Permission Tools: Licenses and Releases</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">2.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Text</h4> <ul> <li>Who Owns the Text?</li> <li>Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Permission Services</li> <li>Locate the Publisher</li> <li>Contact the Author</li> <li>Special Situations: Interviews, Letters, Speeches, and More</li> <li>When You Can’t Find the Rights Holder</li> <li>Paraphrasing, Omissions, and Facts</li> <li>Negotiating Text Permission and Fees</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">3.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Photographs</h4> <ul> <li>The World of Stock Photos</li> <li>Obtaining Rights to a Photo You’ve Found</li> <li>Celebrity Photos and Movie Stills</li> <li>Using Photo Researchers</li> <li>Photo Fees</li> <li>Photo Permission Agreements</li> <li>When the Photograph Contains Art, Trademarks, or a Person’s Image</li> <li>Stock Photo Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">4.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Artwork</h4> <ul> <li>Acquiring Rights to Artwork</li> <li>Fine Art: Paintings, Sculptures, and Limited Editions</li> <li>Graphic Art</li> <li>Comics and Cartoons</li> <li>Royalty-Free and Public Domain Clip Art</li> <li>Searching for Art</li> <li>Artwork Fees and Agreements</li> <li>Artwork Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">5.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Music</h4> <ul> <li>Acquiring Rights to Music</li> <li>Song and Sound Recording Copyrights</li> <li>Reprinting Music or Lyrics</li> <li>Playing Music at a Business or Event</li> <li>Releasing Music for Sale</li> <li>Using Music in a Podcast</li> <li>Using Music in a Commercial, Radio Show, or as Background Music</li> <li>Using Music in a Film, Television Show, or Video</li> <li>Performing a Musical or Play</li> <li>Using Music in Software, Video Games, or Multimedia Programs</li> <li>Using Music on a Website</li> <li>Using Music Samples</li> <li>Finding Music Publishers</li> <li>Finding Record Companies</li> <li>Music Clearance Companies</li> <li>Music Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">6.&ensp;Website Permissions</h4> <ul> <li>Five Ways to Stay Out of Trouble Online</li> <li>Transferring Information to and From Online Sources</li> <li>Connecting to Other Websites</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">7.&ensp;Academic and Educational Permissions</h4> <ul> <li>Academic Coursepacks</li> <li>Educational Uses of Noncoursepack Materials</li> <li>Proposed (But Not Adopted) Educational Guidelines on Fair Use</li> <li>Library Photocopying</li> <li>Academic Permission Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">8.&ensp;The Public Domain</h4> <ul> <li>Welcome to the Public Domain</li> <li>Public Domain Trouble Spots</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">9.&ensp;Fair Use</h4> <ul> <li>What Is Fair Use?</li> <li>Measuring Fair Use: The Four Factors</li> <li>Summaries of Fair Use Cases</li> <li>Disagreements Over Fair Use: When Are You Likely to Get Sued?</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">10.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Trademarks</h4> <ul> <li>Trademark 101</li> <li>When You Need Permission to Use a Trademark</li> <li>Locating a Trademark Owner</li> <li>Trademark Licensing</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">11.&ensp;Art and Merchandise Licenses</h4> <ul> <li>Overview of Merchandise Licensing</li> <li>Merchandise License Agreement</li> <li>Explanation of Merchandise License Agreement</li> <li>Merchandise License Worksheet</li> <li>Short-Form Merchandise License Agreement</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">12.&ensp;Releases</h4> <ul> <li>Legal Risks of Failing to Obtain a Release</li> <li>When to Use a Release</li> <li>Personal Release Agreements</li> <li>Interview and Property Releases</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">13.&ensp;Copyright Research</h4> <ul> <li>Copyright Ownership and Transfers FAQs</li> <li>Starting Your Copyright Research</li> <li>Searching the Copyright Office and Library of Congress Records</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">14.&ensp;After Permission Is Granted</h4> <ul> <li>Permissions Tracking Sheet</li> <li>Good Permissions Gone Bad</li> <li>Insurance</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">15.&ensp;Assignments and Works Made for Hire</h4> <ul> <li>Copyright Assignments</li> <li>Works Made for Hire</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">16.&ensp;Help Beyond This Book</h4> <ul> <li>Resources for More Detailed Permissions Research</li> <li>Conducting Legal Research</li> <li>Working With an Attorney</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">Appendix</h4> <ul> <li>How to Use the Downloadable Forms on the Nolo Website</li> <li>Editing RTFs</li> <li>List of Forms Available on the Nolo Website</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle">Index</h4></div> </div> <li class=""><a id="SampleChapter" href="#accordion-SampleChapter" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#accordion-SampleChapter" aria-controls="accordion-SampleChapter"> Sample Chapter<i class='material-icons arrow-right'></i> </a> </li> <div class="collapse" id="accordion-SampleChapter"> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h3 class="TOCtitle">Chapter 1: Introduction to the Permissions Process</h3> <p>This chapter offers an overview of the whole process, explaining the purpose and legal basis for permission, as well as the potential risks of operating without permission. It also serves as a guide to using this book.</p> <h3>Permission: What Is It and Why Do I Need It?</h3> <p>Obtaining copyright permission is the process of getting consent from a copyright owner to use the owner’s creative material. Obtaining permission is often called “licensing”; when you have permission, you have a license to use the work. Permission is often (but not always) required because of intellectual property laws that protect creative works, such as text, artwork, or music. (These laws are explained in more detail in the next section.) If you use a copyrighted work without the appropriate permission, you may be violating—or “infringing”—the owner’s rights to that work. Infringing someone else’s copyright may subject you to legal action. As if going to court weren’t bad enough, you could be forced to stop using the work or pay money damages to the copyright owner.</p> <p>As noted above, permission is not always required. In some situations, you can reproduce a photograph, a song, or text without a license. Generally, this will be true if the work has fallen into the public domain, or if your use qualifies as what’s called a “fair use.” Both of these legal concepts involve quite specific rules and are discussed more fully in subsequent chapters.</p> <p>In most cases, however, permission is required, so never assume it’s okay to use a work without permission.</p> <p>Many people operate illegally, either intentionally or through ignorance, when it comes to the use scenario. They use other people’s work and never seek consent. This may work well for those who fly under the radar—that is, if copyright owners never learn of the use, or don’t care enough to take action. The problem with this approach—besides its questionable ethics—is that the more successful the project becomes, the more likely a copyright owner will learn of the use. So, if you want your project to become successful, unauthorized use becomes an obstacle.</p> <p>Some people avoid getting permission because they don’t understand the permissions process, or they consider it too expensive. But the process is not difficult, and the fee for use of text, photo, or artwork is often under $200 per use. In some cases, it’s free. On the other hand, the legal fees for dealing with an unauthorized use lawsuit can easily cost ten to 50 times the average permission expense—or more!</p> <h3>The Basics of Getting Permission</h3> <p>This section outlines the basic steps for obtaining permission. Subsequent chapters provide more detailed information about the process for each type of permission you may be seeking, whether for text, photographs, music, or artwork.</p> <p>In general, the permissions process involves a simple five-step procedure:</p> <ol> <li>Figure out if permission is needed.</li> <li>Identify the owner.</li> <li>Identify the rights needed.</li> <li>Contact the owner and negotiate whether payment is required.</li> <li>Get your permission agreement in writing. Each step is described in more detail below.</li> </ol> <h4>Figure Out If Permission Is Needed</h4> <p>The first step in every permission situation is to determine whether you need to ask for permission. In other words, do you need an agreement or can you use the work without permission? Figuring out whether to ask for permission depends on the answers to two questions:</p> <ul> <li>Is the material protected under the law?</li> <li>Would your use of the material violate the law?</li> </ul> <p>Unfortunately, it is not always possible to answer these questions with a definitive “yes” or “no.” Sometimes, you may have to analyze the risk involved in operating without permission. Below are some basic legal principles you’ll need to know. Later chapters explore these principles in more depth.</p> <h4>Is the Material Protected Under Intellectual Property Law?</h4> <p>You should always start with the presumption that, if the creative work you want to use was first published after 1923, U.S. copyright law protects it. There are only two ways that a work published after 1923 is not protected: Either the owner of the work made a mistake (such as failing to renew the copyright) or the work does not meet the minimum standards for copyright protection. Later chapters on the permission rules for particular types of creative works provide guidelines to determine if the work you intend to use is protected.</p> <p>A work that isn’t protected by intellectual property laws is in the public domain and can be used without asking for permission. Most works that fall into the public domain do so because of old age, but public domain status can also result from other factors discussed in Chapter 8.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Bill wants to include his recording of the song “Give My Regards to Broadway” on his website. Because the song was first published in 1904, it is in the public domain and Bill can use it without obtaining permission.</p> <h4>Would Your Use of the Material Constitute a Violation of Law?</h4> <p>If a creative work is protected under intellectual property laws, your unauthorized use may still be legal. This is because there are exceptions to each of the laws protecting creative work—situations in which authorization is not required. For example, under copyright law, a principle known as “fair use” permits you to copy small portions of a work for certain purposes, including scholarship or commentary. Under the fair use doctrine, you could reproduce a few lines of a song lyric in a music review without getting permission from the songwriter (or whoever owns the copyright in the song). Chapter 9 discusses fair use in greater depth.</p> <h4>What Is the Risk of Not Asking for Permission?</h4> <p>The goal of this book is to minimize your risk of being sued. This risk hinges not only on your particular use, but on factors such as the likelihood that the use will be spotted, whether you are a “worthy” target for litigation, or whether the other side is inclined to sue.</p> <p>This book recommends a conservative approach. Unless you are certain that the material is in the public domain or that your use is legally excusable, seeking permission is worth your time. If you are not sure, you’ll have to either make your own risk assessment or obtain the advice of an attorney knowledgeable in copyright or media law.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> I wanted to use the lyrics from the song “From the Indies to the Andes in His Undies,” featured in the “Your Legal Companion” section at the front of this book. I located information about the writers of the song from a compilation recording of country music. Then, I located the name of the publisher (Rialto Music, Inc.) from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), which informed me that the owner had ended its affiliation with the organization in 1975. I searched online to no avail for the songwriters, and for Rialto Music. I also checked the online Library of Congress records but found no reference, either because the song was never registered or the song was written before the date their online computer records began. I contacted the Harry Fox Agency, another agency that controls rights, which gave me a reference for Rialto in Providence, Rhode Island. I tried using operator assistance but could find no listing. I decided to proceed without permission because my limited use of the lyrics (four lines) for purposes of commentary, combined with my good- faith attempt to find the owner, probably qualifies as a fair use.</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Dear Rich: Plagiarism or Infringement</strong></p> <p><em>I am a romance novelist and occasionally I borrow material from other books for my historical romances. I’m confused about the difference between plagiarism and infringement.</em></p> <p>A plagiarist is a person who poses as the originator of words he did not write, ideas he did not conceive, or facts he did not discover. “Plagiarism” is not a legal term; it’s an ethical term. You can plagiarize someone without infringing. For example, if a plagiarist only copies public domain materials, he can’t be sued for copyright infringement. And you can infringe without plagiarizing. For example, this whole answer is pretty much lifted from Stephen Fishman’s Nolo book, <em>The Public Domain</em>. (See … I’ve provided attribution; let’s hope he doesn’t sue— :-).) Which is worse? A whiff of plagiarism can damage a romance novelist’s reputation, while infringement means dealing with lawyers and hefty judgments.</p> </blockquote> <h4>Identify the Owner</h4> <p>Identifying the owner of the work you want to use is crucial to obtaining permission. Sometimes, this task is simple. Often, you may be able to locate the rights owner just by looking at the copyright notice on the work. For example, if the notice reads “Copyright 1998, Jones Publishing,” you would start by finding the Jones Publishing company. Sometimes, more detailed research is required. Copyright ownership may have passed through several hands since your copy of the work was published.</p> <p>In addition, some kinds of art, such as film and recorded music, can involve multiple owners, each with a separate right to different underlying works. For example, in order to use a Johnny Cash recording, you would have to obtain permission from the record company, the music publisher (the owner of the song), and, in some cases, from Mr. Cash’s estate.</p> <p>You’ll find that the method of identifying owners differs from industry to industry. For example, photographic reproduction rights are often owned by stock photo organizations, while many music performance rights are owned by performing rights societies. Later chapters on the permission rules for particular types of creative works will include tips on locating owners. And in Chapter 13 we’ll explain how to search for owners in Copyright Office records.</p> <h4>Identify the Rights You Need</h4> <p>The next step in getting permission is to identify the rights you need. Each copyright owner controls a bundle of rights related to the work, including the right to reproduce, distribute, and modify the work. Because so many rights are associated with copyrighted works, you must specify the rights you need. This can be as simple as stating your intended use—for example, you want to reproduce a photograph in your magazine or display a cartoon in your PowerPoint presentation.</p> <p>Asking for the proper rights can be a balancing act. You don’t want to pay for more than you need, but you don’t want to have to return for a second round of permissions. Sometimes this requires negotiating with the rights owner to find a middle ground for fees.</p> <p>Besides identifying the type of intended use, you’ll need to figure out a few key details concerning your use of the material. Specifically, your permissions agreement will need to address three common variables: exclusivity, term, and territory.</p> <h4>Exclusive or Nonexclusive</h4> <p>All permission agreements are either exclusive or nonexclusive. A permission agreement is exclusive if you are the only person who has the right to use the work as described in the agreement. For example, if you enter into an agreement with the owner of a photograph for the exclusive use of the photograph in a cookbook, no one else could use the photograph in another cookbook. Exclusivity can be as narrow or as broad as you choose. For example, you could expand the exclusivity of your permission agreement by obtaining the exclusive right to print the photo in any book, not just any cookbook.</p> <p>Most permission requests are nonexclusive, meaning others can use the material in the same way as you. For example, if you have a nonexclusive agreement to use a photo in your cookbook, the same photo could be used in someone else’s cookbook (provided permission was granted). The permission agreements included throughout this book offer you the option to choose exclusive or nonexclusive rights.</p> <h4>Term of Use</h4> <p>The length of time for which you are allowed to use a work is often referred to as the “term.” Your rights under a permission agreement will often be limited in duration. For example, if you are licensing the right to display a photograph on a website, the copyright owner may limit the length of your use to one year. Or you might obtain what’s called a “one-time use,” meaning you can only use the material in one edition of a magazine, not in subsequent editions. If there is no express limitation on the use, you are allowed to use the material for as long as you want or until the copyright owner revokes the permission. Some agreements prohibit the copyright owner from putting an end to use rights by stating that permission is granted “irrevocably.” Sometimes an agreement states that it is “in perpetuity,” which means that rights are granted without time limits. In reality, the copyright owner can only grant permission for as long as the owner’s copyright protection lasts. After that, anyone can use the material without permission.</p> <h4>Territory</h4> <p>Your rights under a permission agreement may be limited to a geographic region, referred to as the “territory.” For example, the copyright owner of a book might grant you permission to reprint a chapter only in the United States and Canada.</p> <h4>Plan Ahead for Permission</h4> <p>Expect getting permission to take anywhere from one to three months. Permission should be obtained before you complete your work. It is sometimes more difficult and more expensive to obtain permission after a book, film, or recording is complete. If the copyright owner becomes aware that you have a vested interest in obtaining permission (for example, your book is already in production), the price may rise. In addition, if you can’t obtain permission, you’ll have to redo the work, which can be expensive and time consuming. The best policy is to start seeking all required permissions as soon as possible.</p> <h4>Negotiate Whether Payment Is Required</h4> <p>The primary issue that arises when seeking permission is whether you will have to pay for it. Sometimes, the owner of the work will not require payment if the amount of the work you wish to use is small, or if the owner wishes to contribute to an educational or nonprofit effort. In some cases, an artist or musician eager for exposure may agree to suspend payment unless the work becomes profitable, or may condition payment on other factors.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Sam is making a low-budget documentary film in which he wants to include photographs of vintage accordions. He contacts the copyright owner of the photographs who, in return for a credit at the end of the film, signs an agreement allowing use of the photographs in the film. However, the agreement also provides that, if Sam uses the photographs in a poster or an advertisement for the film, he must make an additional one-time payment of $1,500.</p> <p>Although many uses of works may be free, you should usually expect to pay something—even a minimal fee—for copyright permission. For example, the evolving world of stock photos has made it possible to get some photo permissions for around $5. Or it could be a fairly hefty payment. For example, using a song in a commercial usually requires a payment of several thousand dollars.</p> <table border="1" class="table table-striped data-table table-desktop"> <thead> <tr class="first last"><th>What If You Hire Someone to Create a Work?</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Most of the situations described in this book deal with obtaining permission to use an existing work. But it’s possible to hire an artist or other creative person to create the work for you. If the creative person qualifies as your employee, you will automatically own all rights to the work they create on your behalf, and no permission is required. The Supreme Court has established standards for determining whether a creative person is an employee. These standards include factors such as whether the person is given weekly or monthly payments (instead of being paid by the job), whether you withhold employee taxes for the person, and whether they receive employee benefits.</p> <p>If the person creating the work is not an employee, they are an independent contractor. In this event, your ownership of the person’s work is not automatic. To guarantee your ownership of an independent contractor’s work, you should use either a work-for-hire agreement (if your commission meets the requirements) or an assignment. Chapter 15 covers these agreements. For a thorough analysis of acquiring rights from independent contractors, see <em>The Copyright Handbook</em>, by Stephen Fishman (Nolo).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Generally, permission fees are linked to the size of the audience your work will reach. For example the fees for online uses may depend upon the number of visitors to a website or other data. In each chapter, we will discuss the likelihood of payment and the current rates for common uses. However, these figures can vary widely, as the copyright owner has discretion when charging a fee.</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Dear Rich: Cashing “Payment in Full” Check</strong></p> <p><em>I’m having a dispute with a company for which I granted permission to use an image. The contract says that they owe me $350. They claim I didn’t do the photos the way they wanted. Then, they sent me a check for $250 that says “Payment in full for photo rights.” Is it true that if I crossed out the “payment in full” and wrote “under protest,” I could deposit the check and still go after the other $100?</em></p> <p>Court rulings are not always consistent on this, but the majority of courts say that if there is a dispute as to what is owed, and the party receiving the check knows that it’s intended as “payment in full,” depositing the check ends the dispute (known as “accord and satisfaction”). The rule doesn’t apply if there is no dispute (in which case the “payment in full” is meaningless) or if the dispute is not “honest”—for example, one party deceives the other, making it difficult to figure out what’s owed. Finally, if there is a dispute but the check is cashed inadvertently, the rule might not apply (courts are split on that issue). If you have deposited the check and wish that you hadn’t, most state statutes give you 90 days to repay the check and get back into the dispute. Check your state’s Uniform Commercial Code (UCC Section 3-311).</p> </blockquote> <h4>Get It in Writing</h4> <p>Relying on an oral agreement or understanding is almost always a mistake. You and the rights owner may have misunderstood each other or remembered the terms of your agreement differently. This can lead to disputes. If you have to go to court to enforce your unwritten agreement, you’ll have difficulty proving exactly what the terms are. Get written permission agreements—do not rely on oral agreements.</p> <p>That said, an oral permission may be legally enforceable if it qualifies as a binding agreement under general contract law principles. And even if you have no explicit oral agreement, you may still have a right to use a work if permission can be inferred from the conduct of the parties.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Sam is writing a book and asks for permission to reproduce Tom’s photo. Tom quotes Sam a fee of $100, which Sam sends to Tom. After receiving the payment, Tom sends the photograph to Sam. Although they never put an agreement into writing, a permission agreement may be inferred from Tom’s conduct.</p> <h3>Overview of Intellectual Property Laws</h3> <p>A wide body of federal and state laws protects creative property such as writing, music, drawings, paintings, photography, and films. Collectively, this body of law is called “intellectual property” law, which includes copyright, trademark, and patent laws, each applicable in various situations and each with its own set of technical rules. When obtaining permission to use creative works, you’re concerned primarily with copyright law. However, trademarks, trade secrets, and publicity and privacy rights sometimes come into play when permission to use certain types of works is sought. Below is a summary of the various types of intellectual property laws that are relevant to the permissions process (later chapters provide more details as needed):</p> <ul> <li><strong>Copyright. </strong>Federal copyright law protects original creative works such as paintings, writing, architecture, movies, software, photos, dance, and music. A work must meet certain minimum requirements to qualify for copyright protection The length of protection also varies depending on when the work was created or first published. (See Chapter 8 for an explanation of copyright duration.)</li> <li><strong>Trademark.</strong> Brand names such as Nike and Apple, as well as logos, slogans, and other devices that identify and distinguish products and services, are protected under federal and state trademark laws. Unlike copyrighted works, trademarks receive different degrees of protection depending on key variables, including consumer awareness of the trademark, the type of service and product it identifies, and the geographic area in which the trademark is used. (See Chapter 10.)</li> <li><strong>Right of Publicity.</strong> A patchwork of state laws known as the “right of publicity” protect against the unauthorized use of a person’s name or image for commercial purposes—for example, the use of your picture on a box of cereal. The extent of this protection varies from state to state. (See Chapter 12.)</li> <li><strong>Trade Secrets. </strong>State and federal trade secret laws protect sensitive business information. An example of a trade secret would be a confidential marketing plan for the introduction of a new software product or the secret recipe for a brand of salsa. The extent of trade secret protection depends on whether the information gives the business an advantage over competitors, is kept a secret, and is not known by competitors. (See Chapter 10.)</li> <li><strong>Right of Privacy.</strong> Although not part of intellectual property laws, state privacy laws preserve the right of all people to be left alone. Invasion of privacy occurs when someone publishes or publicly exploits information about another person’s private affairs. Invasion of privacy laws prevent you from intruding on, exposing private facts about, or falsely portraying someone. The extent of this protection may vary if the subject is a public figure—for example, a celebrity or politician. (See Chapter 12.)</li> </ul> <h3>Permission Tools: Licenses and Releases</h3> <p>Obtaining permission to use a protected work requires entering into an agreement with the owner of that work. Your agreement may give you the right to use the work (a “license”) or it may be a promise that the owner will not sue you for an unauthorized use (a “release”).</p> <h4>Licenses and Clearances</h4> <p>A license is the legal right to do something that you would not otherwise be permitted to do. For example, you need a driver’s license to give you the right to drive a car. The owner of a copyrighted work can authorize someone else to use the work by granting a license to the user. For example, the owner of a photograph copyright can grant a license to someone else who wants to reproduce the photograph on greeting cards. If no license has been given, the copyright owner can sue for the unauthorized use of the work, referred to as “infringement.”</p> <p>The terms “license” and “permission agreement” are often used inter- changeably. You may also find that, in some situations, a license or permission agreement is referred to as a “clearance agreement.” “Clearance” is a general term used to describe the process by which permission is granted.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Don is writing a book on British horror films and wants to reproduce an image from a 1950s film. Don must obtain a license to reproduce the image from the owner of rights in the film.</p> <h3>Releases</h3> <p>A release is an agreement in which someone releases you from legal liability for a particular activity. In essence, the person is agreeing ahead of time to give up (or release) any right to sue you that may arise from a specific situation. Releases are often used to avoid lawsuits involving someone’s right of privacy (the right to be left alone) or right of publicity (the right to control how one’s image, voice, or persona will be used to sell things). A release may also protect against claims of defamation (a false statement that injures someone’s reputation). Releases are discussed in more detail in Chapter 12.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> <em>Makeover</em> is a TV show in which audience members are selected for beauty and fashion makeovers. Any audience member selected must sign a release before appearing on the show. The release protects the TV show from any potential lawsuits by disgruntled participants who are unhappy with the results of their makeovers and seek damages for legal claims such as infliction of emotional distress or defamation.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION</strong><br /> <strong>Don’t rely on the title of an agreement. </strong>In many cases, licenses and releases overlap. For example, a release agreement may contain license language and vice versa. Despite what it says at the top of the agreement, either type of contract can be used to grant rights or to prevent lawsuits. Because of this overlap, the title of an agreement is less important than the content. Always review any agreement carefully (and compare it to the model agreements in this book) before assuming what rights it covers.</p> <hr /> <p><em>We hope you enjoyed this sample chapter. The complete book is available for sale here at Nolo.com.</em></p></div> </div> <li class=""><a id="Forms" href="#accordion-Forms" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#accordion-Forms" aria-controls="accordion-Forms"> Forms<i class='material-icons arrow-right'></i> </a> </li> <div class="collapse" id="accordion-Forms"> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h3><strong>This Book Comes With a Website</strong></h3> <p>Nolo’s award-winning website has a page dedicated just to this book, where you can:</p> <p><strong>DOWNLOAD FORMS - </strong>All forms in this book are accessible online. After purchase, you can find a link to the URL in Appendix A.</p> <p><strong>KEEP UP TO DATE - </strong>When there are important changes to the information in this book, we will post updates</p> <p><strong>And that’s not all</strong>. Nolo.com contains thousands of articles on everyday legal and business issues, plus a plain-English law dictionary, all written by Nolo experts and available for free. You’ll also find more useful books, software, online services, and downloadable forms.</p> </div> </div> </ul> </div> <script type=""> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('#product-attribute-specs-accordion ul li').click(function() { jQuery(this).toggleClass('sticky-top'); if(jQuery(this).find('a').attr('aria-expanded') == 'true') { var targetId = jQuery(this).find('a').attr('id'); document.getElementById(targetId).scrollIntoView(); } }); var li_height = jQuery('#product-attribute-specs-accordion>ul>li').height(); //Correct stacked sticky li position to the following unsticky li jQuery(window).on('scroll',function() { //check if un-sticky li reach to the top on Mouse Wheel var li_unstickies = jQuery('#product-attribute-specs-accordion>ul>li.sticky-top').next().next(); li_unstickies.each(function(){ li_sticky_check(jQuery(this)); }); var div_tabs = jQuery("#product-attribute-specs-tabs"); if(div_tabs.css('display') !=='none') { tab_sticky_check(div_tabs); } }); jQuery(window).on('touchmove',function() { //check if un-sticky li reach to the top on Touch Scroll var li_unstickies = jQuery('#product-attribute-specs-accordion>ul>li.sticky-top').next().next(); li_unstickies.each(function(){ li_sticky_check(jQuery(this)); }); var div_tabs = jQuery("#product-attribute-specs-tabs"); if(div_tabs.css('display') !=='none') { tab_sticky_check(div_tabs); } }); var li_sticky_check = function(li_unsticky){ // Mobile li sticky-top var top_li_unsticky = li_unsticky.offset().top - $j(window).scrollTop(); if(top_li_unsticky <= li_height ){ if(top_li_unsticky)li_unsticky.prev().prev().css('top',(top_li_unsticky-li_height) + 'px'); }else{ li_unsticky.prev().prev().css('top',0) } } // tablet tab scrolling var tab_sticky_check = function(div_tabs) { var top_tab_unsticky = div_tabs.offset().top - $j(window).scrollTop(); var tab_padding_top = 48; if(top_tab_unsticky < tab_padding_top) { var sticky_top = (top_tab_unsticky-tab_padding_top)>(0-tab_padding_top)?(top_tab_unsticky-tab_padding_top):(0-tab_padding_top); div_tabs.find('.nav').css('top', sticky_top + 'px'); } else { if(div_tabs.find('.nav').css('top'))div_tabs.find('.nav').css('top',0); } } }); </script> <div id="product-attribute-specs-tabs" class="productAdditionalData expanded-nav hidden-xs"> <ul class="sticky-top nav nav-pills nav-justified nav-pills-5" data-spy="affix"> <li class=" first active"><a data-target="#tab-productdetails" data-toggle="tab" class="" title="Product Details"><span>Product Details</span></a></li> <li class=""><a data-target="#tab-abouttheauthor" data-toggle="tab" class="" title="About the Author"><span>About the Author</span></a></li> <li class=""><a data-target="#tab-tableofcontents" data-toggle="tab" class="" title="Table of Contents"><span>Table of Contents</span></a></li> <li class=""><a data-target="#tab-samplechapter" data-toggle="tab" class="" title="Sample Chapter"><span>Sample Chapter</span></a></li> <li class=" last"><a data-target="#tab-forms" data-toggle="tab" class="" title="Forms"><span>Forms</span></a></li> </ul> <div id="product-attribute-specs-content" class="panel-group" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="tab-pane show first active" id="tab-productdetails" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-heading"> <h2 href="#tab-productdetails">Product Details</h2> </div> <div class="product-details-description_desktop"><div itemprop="description_desktop" class="childAttributeValue test-02"><p class="backtext_desktop">Online or off, before you use some or all of a song, photo, book, or any other work covered by copyright law, you need to get permission. If you don’t, you could end up facing legal action from the rights-holder.</p> <p>This easy-to-use book shows you how to get the rights you need, with step-by-step instructions and more than 30 forms. Find out when permission is required, who to ask, and when (and how much) you can expect to pay. <em>Getting Permission</em> explains:</p> <ul> <li>the copyright permission process</li> <li>the public domain (“free” content)</li> <li>how to figure out who owns a copyright</li> <li>website permissions</li> <li>the “fair use” rule</li> <li>school-related permissions</li> <li>license and merchandise agreements (including sample contracts and other forms)</li> <li>and much more.</li> </ul> <p class="backtext_desktop">The 8th edition is updated with summaries of recent copyright and fair use cases, as well as dozens of real-life questions from the Dear Rich permissions blog.</p> <p><em>“The best guide to getting permissions of all types.”</em><strong>—Tech Trends</strong></p> <p><em>“I’ve waited a long time for a book of this excellence, depth and breadth in rights and permissions … an extraordinarily helpful book.”</em><strong>—McHugh Publishing Guides & Consulting</strong></p></div></div><div class="product-details-ean clearfix_desktop"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">ISBN</span><div itemprop="isbn_desktop" class="childAttributeValue test-02">9781413330076</div></div><div class="product-details-page-count clearfix_desktop"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">Number of Pages</span><div itemprop="numberOfPages_desktop" class="childAttributeValue test-02">544</div></div><div class="product-details-forms clearfix_desktop"><span class="childAttributeLabel column test-01">Included Forms</span><div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><ul> <li>Text Permission Worksheet </li> <li>Text Permission Letter Agreement </li> <li>Text Permission Agreement </li> <li>Photo Permission Worksheet </li> <li>Photo Permission Agreement </li> <li>Artwork Permission Agreement </li> <li>Agreement to Use Artwork in Motion Picture </li> <li>Lyric Permission Letter Agreement </li> <li>Notice of Intention to Obtain Compulsory License for Making and Distributing Sound Recordings </li> <li>Music Synchronization and Videogram License Agreement </li> <li>Master Use and Videogram License </li> <li>Linking Agreement </li> <li>Coursepack Permission Request Form </li> <li>Coursepack Permission Agreement </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Book or Magazine </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Movie </li> <li>Basic Permission to Use a Trademark in a Photograph or Artwork </li> <li>Trademark License Agreement </li> <li>Merchandise License Agreement </li> <li>Merchandise License Worksheet </li> <li>Short-Form Merchandise License Agreement </li> <li>Unlimited Personal Release Agreement </li> <li>Limited Personal Release Agreement </li> <li>Interview Release Agreement </li> <li>Property Release Agreement </li> <li>Permissions Tracking Sheet </li> <li>Basic Copyright Assignment </li> <li>Musician Assignment Agreement </li> <li>Artwork Assignment Agreement </li> <li>Work-Made-for-Hire Agreement </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="tab-footer"> <a class="visible-xs" href="#tab-productdetails" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#product-attribute-specs-content" aria-controls="tab-productdetails"> Product Details </a> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane show" id="tab-abouttheauthor" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-heading"> <h2 href="#tab-abouttheauthor">About the Author</h2> </div> <div class="product-details-author_desktop"><div class="childAttributeLabel test-06"><ul class="authors-wrapper_desktop">  <li class="author-list first last"> <h2><a href="https://www.nolo.com/law-authors/richard-stim.html" target="_blank">Richard Stim, Attorney · University of San Francisco School of Law</a></h2> <div class="author-bio"> <p>Attorney Richard Stim specialized in small business, copyright, patents, and trademark issues at Nolo. He has authored many books, including <em>Music Law: How to Run Your Band's Business;</em> <em>Patent, Copyright & Trademark: An Intellectual Property Desk Reference;</em> and <em>Profit From Your Idea</em>. Stim regularly answers readers' intellectual property questions at <a href="http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener_desktop" target="_blank">his blog</a>.</p> </div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="tab-footer"> <a class="visible-xs" href="#tab-abouttheauthor" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#product-attribute-specs-content" aria-controls="tab-abouttheauthor"> About the Author </a> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane show" id="tab-tableofcontents" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-heading"> <h2 href="#tab-tableofcontents">Table of Contents</h2> </div> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">Your Legal Companion</h4> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">The Dear Rich Blog</h4> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">1.&ensp;Introduction to the Permissions Process</h4> <ul> <li>Permission: What Is It and Why Do I Need It?</li> <li>The Basics of Getting Permission</li> <li>Overview of Intellectual Property Laws</li> <li>Permission Tools: Licenses and Releases</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">2.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Text</h4> <ul> <li>Who Owns the Text?</li> <li>Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Permission Services</li> <li>Locate the Publisher</li> <li>Contact the Author</li> <li>Special Situations: Interviews, Letters, Speeches, and More</li> <li>When You Can’t Find the Rights Holder</li> <li>Paraphrasing, Omissions, and Facts</li> <li>Negotiating Text Permission and Fees</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">3.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Photographs</h4> <ul> <li>The World of Stock Photos</li> <li>Obtaining Rights to a Photo You’ve Found</li> <li>Celebrity Photos and Movie Stills</li> <li>Using Photo Researchers</li> <li>Photo Fees</li> <li>Photo Permission Agreements</li> <li>When the Photograph Contains Art, Trademarks, or a Person’s Image</li> <li>Stock Photo Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">4.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Artwork</h4> <ul> <li>Acquiring Rights to Artwork</li> <li>Fine Art: Paintings, Sculptures, and Limited Editions</li> <li>Graphic Art</li> <li>Comics and Cartoons</li> <li>Royalty-Free and Public Domain Clip Art</li> <li>Searching for Art</li> <li>Artwork Fees and Agreements</li> <li>Artwork Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">5.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Music</h4> <ul> <li>Acquiring Rights to Music</li> <li>Song and Sound Recording Copyrights</li> <li>Reprinting Music or Lyrics</li> <li>Playing Music at a Business or Event</li> <li>Releasing Music for Sale</li> <li>Using Music in a Podcast</li> <li>Using Music in a Commercial, Radio Show, or as Background Music</li> <li>Using Music in a Film, Television Show, or Video</li> <li>Performing a Musical or Play</li> <li>Using Music in Software, Video Games, or Multimedia Programs</li> <li>Using Music on a Website</li> <li>Using Music Samples</li> <li>Finding Music Publishers</li> <li>Finding Record Companies</li> <li>Music Clearance Companies</li> <li>Music Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">6.&ensp;Website Permissions</h4> <ul> <li>Five Ways to Stay Out of Trouble Online</li> <li>Transferring Information to and From Online Sources</li> <li>Connecting to Other Websites</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">7.&ensp;Academic and Educational Permissions</h4> <ul> <li>Academic Coursepacks</li> <li>Educational Uses of Noncoursepack Materials</li> <li>Proposed (But Not Adopted) Educational Guidelines on Fair Use</li> <li>Library Photocopying</li> <li>Academic Permission Resources</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">8.&ensp;The Public Domain</h4> <ul> <li>Welcome to the Public Domain</li> <li>Public Domain Trouble Spots</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">9.&ensp;Fair Use</h4> <ul> <li>What Is Fair Use?</li> <li>Measuring Fair Use: The Four Factors</li> <li>Summaries of Fair Use Cases</li> <li>Disagreements Over Fair Use: When Are You Likely to Get Sued?</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">10.&ensp;Getting Permission to Use Trademarks</h4> <ul> <li>Trademark 101</li> <li>When You Need Permission to Use a Trademark</li> <li>Locating a Trademark Owner</li> <li>Trademark Licensing</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">11.&ensp;Art and Merchandise Licenses</h4> <ul> <li>Overview of Merchandise Licensing</li> <li>Merchandise License Agreement</li> <li>Explanation of Merchandise License Agreement</li> <li>Merchandise License Worksheet</li> <li>Short-Form Merchandise License Agreement</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">12.&ensp;Releases</h4> <ul> <li>Legal Risks of Failing to Obtain a Release</li> <li>When to Use a Release</li> <li>Personal Release Agreements</li> <li>Interview and Property Releases</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">13.&ensp;Copyright Research</h4> <ul> <li>Copyright Ownership and Transfers FAQs</li> <li>Starting Your Copyright Research</li> <li>Searching the Copyright Office and Library of Congress Records</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">14.&ensp;After Permission Is Granted</h4> <ul> <li>Permissions Tracking Sheet</li> <li>Good Permissions Gone Bad</li> <li>Insurance</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">15.&ensp;Assignments and Works Made for Hire</h4> <ul> <li>Copyright Assignments</li> <li>Works Made for Hire</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">16.&ensp;Help Beyond This Book</h4> <ul> <li>Resources for More Detailed Permissions Research</li> <li>Conducting Legal Research</li> <li>Working With an Attorney</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">Appendix</h4> <ul> <li>How to Use the Downloadable Forms on the Nolo Website</li> <li>Editing RTFs</li> <li>List of Forms Available on the Nolo Website</li> </ul> <h4 class="mainTOCtitle_desktop">Index</h4></div> <div class="tab-footer"> <a class="visible-xs" href="#tab-tableofcontents" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#product-attribute-specs-content" aria-controls="tab-tableofcontents"> Table of Contents </a> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane show" id="tab-samplechapter" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-heading"> <h2 href="#tab-samplechapter">Sample Chapter</h2> </div> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h3 class="TOCtitle">Chapter 1: Introduction to the Permissions Process</h3> <p>This chapter offers an overview of the whole process, explaining the purpose and legal basis for permission, as well as the potential risks of operating without permission. It also serves as a guide to using this book.</p> <h3>Permission: What Is It and Why Do I Need It?</h3> <p>Obtaining copyright permission is the process of getting consent from a copyright owner to use the owner’s creative material. Obtaining permission is often called “licensing”; when you have permission, you have a license to use the work. Permission is often (but not always) required because of intellectual property laws that protect creative works, such as text, artwork, or music. (These laws are explained in more detail in the next section.) If you use a copyrighted work without the appropriate permission, you may be violating—or “infringing”—the owner’s rights to that work. Infringing someone else’s copyright may subject you to legal action. As if going to court weren’t bad enough, you could be forced to stop using the work or pay money damages to the copyright owner.</p> <p>As noted above, permission is not always required. In some situations, you can reproduce a photograph, a song, or text without a license. Generally, this will be true if the work has fallen into the public domain, or if your use qualifies as what’s called a “fair use.” Both of these legal concepts involve quite specific rules and are discussed more fully in subsequent chapters.</p> <p>In most cases, however, permission is required, so never assume it’s okay to use a work without permission.</p> <p>Many people operate illegally, either intentionally or through ignorance, when it comes to the use scenario. They use other people’s work and never seek consent. This may work well for those who fly under the radar—that is, if copyright owners never learn of the use, or don’t care enough to take action. The problem with this approach—besides its questionable ethics—is that the more successful the project becomes, the more likely a copyright owner will learn of the use. So, if you want your project to become successful, unauthorized use becomes an obstacle.</p> <p>Some people avoid getting permission because they don’t understand the permissions process, or they consider it too expensive. But the process is not difficult, and the fee for use of text, photo, or artwork is often under $200 per use. In some cases, it’s free. On the other hand, the legal fees for dealing with an unauthorized use lawsuit can easily cost ten to 50 times the average permission expense—or more!</p> <h3>The Basics of Getting Permission</h3> <p>This section outlines the basic steps for obtaining permission. Subsequent chapters provide more detailed information about the process for each type of permission you may be seeking, whether for text, photographs, music, or artwork.</p> <p>In general, the permissions process involves a simple five-step procedure:</p> <ol> <li>Figure out if permission is needed.</li> <li>Identify the owner.</li> <li>Identify the rights needed.</li> <li>Contact the owner and negotiate whether payment is required.</li> <li>Get your permission agreement in writing. Each step is described in more detail below.</li> </ol> <h4>Figure Out If Permission Is Needed</h4> <p>The first step in every permission situation is to determine whether you need to ask for permission. In other words, do you need an agreement or can you use the work without permission? Figuring out whether to ask for permission depends on the answers to two questions:</p> <ul> <li>Is the material protected under the law?</li> <li>Would your use of the material violate the law?</li> </ul> <p>Unfortunately, it is not always possible to answer these questions with a definitive “yes” or “no.” Sometimes, you may have to analyze the risk involved in operating without permission. Below are some basic legal principles you’ll need to know. Later chapters explore these principles in more depth.</p> <h4>Is the Material Protected Under Intellectual Property Law?</h4> <p>You should always start with the presumption that, if the creative work you want to use was first published after 1923, U.S. copyright law protects it. There are only two ways that a work published after 1923 is not protected: Either the owner of the work made a mistake (such as failing to renew the copyright) or the work does not meet the minimum standards for copyright protection. Later chapters on the permission rules for particular types of creative works provide guidelines to determine if the work you intend to use is protected.</p> <p>A work that isn’t protected by intellectual property laws is in the public domain and can be used without asking for permission. Most works that fall into the public domain do so because of old age, but public domain status can also result from other factors discussed in Chapter 8.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Bill wants to include his recording of the song “Give My Regards to Broadway” on his website. Because the song was first published in 1904, it is in the public domain and Bill can use it without obtaining permission.</p> <h4>Would Your Use of the Material Constitute a Violation of Law?</h4> <p>If a creative work is protected under intellectual property laws, your unauthorized use may still be legal. This is because there are exceptions to each of the laws protecting creative work—situations in which authorization is not required. For example, under copyright law, a principle known as “fair use” permits you to copy small portions of a work for certain purposes, including scholarship or commentary. Under the fair use doctrine, you could reproduce a few lines of a song lyric in a music review without getting permission from the songwriter (or whoever owns the copyright in the song). Chapter 9 discusses fair use in greater depth.</p> <h4>What Is the Risk of Not Asking for Permission?</h4> <p>The goal of this book is to minimize your risk of being sued. This risk hinges not only on your particular use, but on factors such as the likelihood that the use will be spotted, whether you are a “worthy” target for litigation, or whether the other side is inclined to sue.</p> <p>This book recommends a conservative approach. Unless you are certain that the material is in the public domain or that your use is legally excusable, seeking permission is worth your time. If you are not sure, you’ll have to either make your own risk assessment or obtain the advice of an attorney knowledgeable in copyright or media law.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> I wanted to use the lyrics from the song “From the Indies to the Andes in His Undies,” featured in the “Your Legal Companion” section at the front of this book. I located information about the writers of the song from a compilation recording of country music. Then, I located the name of the publisher (Rialto Music, Inc.) from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), which informed me that the owner had ended its affiliation with the organization in 1975. I searched online to no avail for the songwriters, and for Rialto Music. I also checked the online Library of Congress records but found no reference, either because the song was never registered or the song was written before the date their online computer records began. I contacted the Harry Fox Agency, another agency that controls rights, which gave me a reference for Rialto in Providence, Rhode Island. I tried using operator assistance but could find no listing. I decided to proceed without permission because my limited use of the lyrics (four lines) for purposes of commentary, combined with my good- faith attempt to find the owner, probably qualifies as a fair use.</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Dear Rich: Plagiarism or Infringement</strong></p> <p><em>I am a romance novelist and occasionally I borrow material from other books for my historical romances. I’m confused about the difference between plagiarism and infringement.</em></p> <p>A plagiarist is a person who poses as the originator of words he did not write, ideas he did not conceive, or facts he did not discover. “Plagiarism” is not a legal term; it’s an ethical term. You can plagiarize someone without infringing. For example, if a plagiarist only copies public domain materials, he can’t be sued for copyright infringement. And you can infringe without plagiarizing. For example, this whole answer is pretty much lifted from Stephen Fishman’s Nolo book, <em>The Public Domain</em>. (See … I’ve provided attribution; let’s hope he doesn’t sue— :-).) Which is worse? A whiff of plagiarism can damage a romance novelist’s reputation, while infringement means dealing with lawyers and hefty judgments.</p> </blockquote> <h4>Identify the Owner</h4> <p>Identifying the owner of the work you want to use is crucial to obtaining permission. Sometimes, this task is simple. Often, you may be able to locate the rights owner just by looking at the copyright notice on the work. For example, if the notice reads “Copyright 1998, Jones Publishing,” you would start by finding the Jones Publishing company. Sometimes, more detailed research is required. Copyright ownership may have passed through several hands since your copy of the work was published.</p> <p>In addition, some kinds of art, such as film and recorded music, can involve multiple owners, each with a separate right to different underlying works. For example, in order to use a Johnny Cash recording, you would have to obtain permission from the record company, the music publisher (the owner of the song), and, in some cases, from Mr. Cash’s estate.</p> <p>You’ll find that the method of identifying owners differs from industry to industry. For example, photographic reproduction rights are often owned by stock photo organizations, while many music performance rights are owned by performing rights societies. Later chapters on the permission rules for particular types of creative works will include tips on locating owners. And in Chapter 13 we’ll explain how to search for owners in Copyright Office records.</p> <h4>Identify the Rights You Need</h4> <p>The next step in getting permission is to identify the rights you need. Each copyright owner controls a bundle of rights related to the work, including the right to reproduce, distribute, and modify the work. Because so many rights are associated with copyrighted works, you must specify the rights you need. This can be as simple as stating your intended use—for example, you want to reproduce a photograph in your magazine or display a cartoon in your PowerPoint presentation.</p> <p>Asking for the proper rights can be a balancing act. You don’t want to pay for more than you need, but you don’t want to have to return for a second round of permissions. Sometimes this requires negotiating with the rights owner to find a middle ground for fees.</p> <p>Besides identifying the type of intended use, you’ll need to figure out a few key details concerning your use of the material. Specifically, your permissions agreement will need to address three common variables: exclusivity, term, and territory.</p> <h4>Exclusive or Nonexclusive</h4> <p>All permission agreements are either exclusive or nonexclusive. A permission agreement is exclusive if you are the only person who has the right to use the work as described in the agreement. For example, if you enter into an agreement with the owner of a photograph for the exclusive use of the photograph in a cookbook, no one else could use the photograph in another cookbook. Exclusivity can be as narrow or as broad as you choose. For example, you could expand the exclusivity of your permission agreement by obtaining the exclusive right to print the photo in any book, not just any cookbook.</p> <p>Most permission requests are nonexclusive, meaning others can use the material in the same way as you. For example, if you have a nonexclusive agreement to use a photo in your cookbook, the same photo could be used in someone else’s cookbook (provided permission was granted). The permission agreements included throughout this book offer you the option to choose exclusive or nonexclusive rights.</p> <h4>Term of Use</h4> <p>The length of time for which you are allowed to use a work is often referred to as the “term.” Your rights under a permission agreement will often be limited in duration. For example, if you are licensing the right to display a photograph on a website, the copyright owner may limit the length of your use to one year. Or you might obtain what’s called a “one-time use,” meaning you can only use the material in one edition of a magazine, not in subsequent editions. If there is no express limitation on the use, you are allowed to use the material for as long as you want or until the copyright owner revokes the permission. Some agreements prohibit the copyright owner from putting an end to use rights by stating that permission is granted “irrevocably.” Sometimes an agreement states that it is “in perpetuity,” which means that rights are granted without time limits. In reality, the copyright owner can only grant permission for as long as the owner’s copyright protection lasts. After that, anyone can use the material without permission.</p> <h4>Territory</h4> <p>Your rights under a permission agreement may be limited to a geographic region, referred to as the “territory.” For example, the copyright owner of a book might grant you permission to reprint a chapter only in the United States and Canada.</p> <h4>Plan Ahead for Permission</h4> <p>Expect getting permission to take anywhere from one to three months. Permission should be obtained before you complete your work. It is sometimes more difficult and more expensive to obtain permission after a book, film, or recording is complete. If the copyright owner becomes aware that you have a vested interest in obtaining permission (for example, your book is already in production), the price may rise. In addition, if you can’t obtain permission, you’ll have to redo the work, which can be expensive and time consuming. The best policy is to start seeking all required permissions as soon as possible.</p> <h4>Negotiate Whether Payment Is Required</h4> <p>The primary issue that arises when seeking permission is whether you will have to pay for it. Sometimes, the owner of the work will not require payment if the amount of the work you wish to use is small, or if the owner wishes to contribute to an educational or nonprofit effort. In some cases, an artist or musician eager for exposure may agree to suspend payment unless the work becomes profitable, or may condition payment on other factors.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Sam is making a low-budget documentary film in which he wants to include photographs of vintage accordions. He contacts the copyright owner of the photographs who, in return for a credit at the end of the film, signs an agreement allowing use of the photographs in the film. However, the agreement also provides that, if Sam uses the photographs in a poster or an advertisement for the film, he must make an additional one-time payment of $1,500.</p> <p>Although many uses of works may be free, you should usually expect to pay something—even a minimal fee—for copyright permission. For example, the evolving world of stock photos has made it possible to get some photo permissions for around $5. Or it could be a fairly hefty payment. For example, using a song in a commercial usually requires a payment of several thousand dollars.</p> <table border="1" class="table table-striped data-table table-desktop_desktop"> <thead> <tr class="first last"><th>What If You Hire Someone to Create a Work?</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Most of the situations described in this book deal with obtaining permission to use an existing work. But it’s possible to hire an artist or other creative person to create the work for you. If the creative person qualifies as your employee, you will automatically own all rights to the work they create on your behalf, and no permission is required. The Supreme Court has established standards for determining whether a creative person is an employee. These standards include factors such as whether the person is given weekly or monthly payments (instead of being paid by the job), whether you withhold employee taxes for the person, and whether they receive employee benefits.</p> <p>If the person creating the work is not an employee, they are an independent contractor. In this event, your ownership of the person’s work is not automatic. To guarantee your ownership of an independent contractor’s work, you should use either a work-for-hire agreement (if your commission meets the requirements) or an assignment. Chapter 15 covers these agreements. For a thorough analysis of acquiring rights from independent contractors, see <em>The Copyright Handbook</em>, by Stephen Fishman (Nolo).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Generally, permission fees are linked to the size of the audience your work will reach. For example the fees for online uses may depend upon the number of visitors to a website or other data. In each chapter, we will discuss the likelihood of payment and the current rates for common uses. However, these figures can vary widely, as the copyright owner has discretion when charging a fee.</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Dear Rich: Cashing “Payment in Full” Check</strong></p> <p><em>I’m having a dispute with a company for which I granted permission to use an image. The contract says that they owe me $350. They claim I didn’t do the photos the way they wanted. Then, they sent me a check for $250 that says “Payment in full for photo rights.” Is it true that if I crossed out the “payment in full” and wrote “under protest,” I could deposit the check and still go after the other $100?</em></p> <p>Court rulings are not always consistent on this, but the majority of courts say that if there is a dispute as to what is owed, and the party receiving the check knows that it’s intended as “payment in full,” depositing the check ends the dispute (known as “accord and satisfaction”). The rule doesn’t apply if there is no dispute (in which case the “payment in full” is meaningless) or if the dispute is not “honest”—for example, one party deceives the other, making it difficult to figure out what’s owed. Finally, if there is a dispute but the check is cashed inadvertently, the rule might not apply (courts are split on that issue). If you have deposited the check and wish that you hadn’t, most state statutes give you 90 days to repay the check and get back into the dispute. Check your state’s Uniform Commercial Code (UCC Section 3-311).</p> </blockquote> <h4>Get It in Writing</h4> <p>Relying on an oral agreement or understanding is almost always a mistake. You and the rights owner may have misunderstood each other or remembered the terms of your agreement differently. This can lead to disputes. If you have to go to court to enforce your unwritten agreement, you’ll have difficulty proving exactly what the terms are. Get written permission agreements—do not rely on oral agreements.</p> <p>That said, an oral permission may be legally enforceable if it qualifies as a binding agreement under general contract law principles. And even if you have no explicit oral agreement, you may still have a right to use a work if permission can be inferred from the conduct of the parties.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Sam is writing a book and asks for permission to reproduce Tom’s photo. Tom quotes Sam a fee of $100, which Sam sends to Tom. After receiving the payment, Tom sends the photograph to Sam. Although they never put an agreement into writing, a permission agreement may be inferred from Tom’s conduct.</p> <h3>Overview of Intellectual Property Laws</h3> <p>A wide body of federal and state laws protects creative property such as writing, music, drawings, paintings, photography, and films. Collectively, this body of law is called “intellectual property” law, which includes copyright, trademark, and patent laws, each applicable in various situations and each with its own set of technical rules. When obtaining permission to use creative works, you’re concerned primarily with copyright law. However, trademarks, trade secrets, and publicity and privacy rights sometimes come into play when permission to use certain types of works is sought. Below is a summary of the various types of intellectual property laws that are relevant to the permissions process (later chapters provide more details as needed):</p> <ul> <li><strong>Copyright. </strong>Federal copyright law protects original creative works such as paintings, writing, architecture, movies, software, photos, dance, and music. A work must meet certain minimum requirements to qualify for copyright protection The length of protection also varies depending on when the work was created or first published. (See Chapter 8 for an explanation of copyright duration.)</li> <li><strong>Trademark.</strong> Brand names such as Nike and Apple, as well as logos, slogans, and other devices that identify and distinguish products and services, are protected under federal and state trademark laws. Unlike copyrighted works, trademarks receive different degrees of protection depending on key variables, including consumer awareness of the trademark, the type of service and product it identifies, and the geographic area in which the trademark is used. (See Chapter 10.)</li> <li><strong>Right of Publicity.</strong> A patchwork of state laws known as the “right of publicity” protect against the unauthorized use of a person’s name or image for commercial purposes—for example, the use of your picture on a box of cereal. The extent of this protection varies from state to state. (See Chapter 12.)</li> <li><strong>Trade Secrets. </strong>State and federal trade secret laws protect sensitive business information. An example of a trade secret would be a confidential marketing plan for the introduction of a new software product or the secret recipe for a brand of salsa. The extent of trade secret protection depends on whether the information gives the business an advantage over competitors, is kept a secret, and is not known by competitors. (See Chapter 10.)</li> <li><strong>Right of Privacy.</strong> Although not part of intellectual property laws, state privacy laws preserve the right of all people to be left alone. Invasion of privacy occurs when someone publishes or publicly exploits information about another person’s private affairs. Invasion of privacy laws prevent you from intruding on, exposing private facts about, or falsely portraying someone. The extent of this protection may vary if the subject is a public figure—for example, a celebrity or politician. (See Chapter 12.)</li> </ul> <h3>Permission Tools: Licenses and Releases</h3> <p>Obtaining permission to use a protected work requires entering into an agreement with the owner of that work. Your agreement may give you the right to use the work (a “license”) or it may be a promise that the owner will not sue you for an unauthorized use (a “release”).</p> <h4>Licenses and Clearances</h4> <p>A license is the legal right to do something that you would not otherwise be permitted to do. For example, you need a driver’s license to give you the right to drive a car. The owner of a copyrighted work can authorize someone else to use the work by granting a license to the user. For example, the owner of a photograph copyright can grant a license to someone else who wants to reproduce the photograph on greeting cards. If no license has been given, the copyright owner can sue for the unauthorized use of the work, referred to as “infringement.”</p> <p>The terms “license” and “permission agreement” are often used inter- changeably. You may also find that, in some situations, a license or permission agreement is referred to as a “clearance agreement.” “Clearance” is a general term used to describe the process by which permission is granted.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> Don is writing a book on British horror films and wants to reproduce an image from a 1950s film. Don must obtain a license to reproduce the image from the owner of rights in the film.</p> <h3>Releases</h3> <p>A release is an agreement in which someone releases you from legal liability for a particular activity. In essence, the person is agreeing ahead of time to give up (or release) any right to sue you that may arise from a specific situation. Releases are often used to avoid lawsuits involving someone’s right of privacy (the right to be left alone) or right of publicity (the right to control how one’s image, voice, or persona will be used to sell things). A release may also protect against claims of defamation (a false statement that injures someone’s reputation). Releases are discussed in more detail in Chapter 12.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Example:</strong> <em>Makeover</em> is a TV show in which audience members are selected for beauty and fashion makeovers. Any audience member selected must sign a release before appearing on the show. The release protects the TV show from any potential lawsuits by disgruntled participants who are unhappy with the results of their makeovers and seek damages for legal claims such as infliction of emotional distress or defamation.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>CAUTION</strong><br /> <strong>Don’t rely on the title of an agreement. </strong>In many cases, licenses and releases overlap. For example, a release agreement may contain license language and vice versa. Despite what it says at the top of the agreement, either type of contract can be used to grant rights or to prevent lawsuits. Because of this overlap, the title of an agreement is less important than the content. Always review any agreement carefully (and compare it to the model agreements in this book) before assuming what rights it covers.</p> <hr /> <p><em>We hope you enjoyed this sample chapter. The complete book is available for sale here at Nolo.com.</em></p></div> <div class="tab-footer"> <a class="visible-xs" href="#tab-samplechapter" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#product-attribute-specs-content" aria-controls="tab-samplechapter"> Sample Chapter </a> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane show last" id="tab-forms" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tab-heading"> <h2 href="#tab-forms">Forms</h2> </div> <div class="childAttributeValue test-02"><h3><strong>This Book Comes With a Website</strong></h3> <p>Nolo’s award-winning website has a page dedicated just to this book, where you can:</p> <p><strong>DOWNLOAD FORMS - </strong>All forms in this book are accessible online. After purchase, you can find a link to the URL in Appendix A.</p> <p><strong>KEEP UP TO DATE - </strong>When there are important changes to the information in this book, we will post updates</p> <p><strong>And that’s not all</strong>. Nolo.com contains thousands of articles on everyday legal and business issues, plus a plain-English law dictionary, all written by Nolo experts and available for free. You’ll also find more useful books, software, online services, and downloadable forms.</p> </div> <div class="tab-footer"> <a class="visible-xs" href="#tab-forms" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#product-attribute-specs-content" aria-controls="tab-forms"> Forms </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery("#product-details-additional .nav li a").click(function() { if(jQuery(this).parent().hasClass('active')){ return; } else { jQuery(this).parent().siblings().removeClass('active'); jQuery(this).parent().addClass('active'); document.getElementById('product-details-additional').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' }); } }); </script> <div id="tab-reviews" class="product-reviews-section"> <div class="box-collateral box-reviews col-7 col-md-6 col-sm-12 float-md-left" id="customer-reviews"> </dl> </div> </div> <div id="product-upsell" class="product-upsell col-12 "> </div> </div> <div class="product-right-region rt hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div id="product-add-to-cart" class="sticky-top"> <div class="add-to-cart-box hidden-xs"> <div class="box-content"> <div class="box-bd"> <form action="https://store.nolo.com/products/checkout/cart/add/uenc/aHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9yZS5ub2xvLmNvbS9wcm9kdWN0cy9nZXR0aW5nLXBlcm1pc3Npb24tcmlwZXIuaHRtbD9fX19TSUQ9Uw,,/product/39121/form_key/ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L/" method="post" id="product_addtocart_form"> <input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="ZiQu3WWLwo0yb72L" /> <div class="hide"> <input type="hidden" name="product" value="39121" /> <input type="hidden" name="related_product" id="related-products-field" value="" /> </div> <script> $j(document).ready(function() { var _catalogFormKey = $j('input[name="form_key"]'); if (_catalogFormKey) { _catalogFormKey.each(function() { var self = $j(this); var _clossestForm = $j(self.closest('form')); var _formAction = _clossestForm.attr('action'); if (self.val() && _formAction) { _clossestForm.attr('action', _formAction.replace(self.val(), FORM_KEY)); } self.val(FORM_KEY); }); } }); </script> <div class="product-options" id="product-options-wrapper"> <dl class="product-options-top configurable"> <dt><h3>Select Your Format</h3></dt> <dd> <div class="input-box" style="display: none; visibility: hidden;"> <select name="super_attribute[221]" id="attribute221" class="required-entry super-attribute-select"> <option>Choose an Option...</option> </select> </div> <div class="input-box product-price-overview"> <div class='format-wrapper'> <div class='current-format'> <div class='type'>eBook </div> <div class='price'></div> <i class='material-icons arrow-down-white'></i> </div> <div class='format-selector mobile-closed'> <h4 class="product-format active" itemprop="bookFormat">eBook</h4> <h4 class="product-format book-ebook-button " >Book & eBook</h4> </div> <div class="format-types">Format: <a href="">PDF</a>, <a href="">EPUB</a> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select first active"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <p id="product-price-39101-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer"> <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span itemprop="price">$24.49</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">30% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 1; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> <div class="product-configurable-select last"> <div class="product-add-to-cart-info"> <span class="more-info-container"><a href="#" onclick="window.open('http://www.nolo.com/ebook/book-and-ebook-bundle','','left=200, top=200, location=0, status=0, scrollbars=1,width=600,height=700');">MORE INFO</a></span> <p id="product-price-39111-from-product-view" class="product-price test-06 configurable-price" > <span class="price"> <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" /> <span >$27.99</span> </span> </p> <p class="discount-price"> <span class="msrp">$34.99</span> <span class="discount">20% OFF</span> </p> </div> <div class="product-add-to-cart-actions"> <button onclick="$('attribute221').selectedIndex = 2; spConfig.configureManually($('attribute221')); productAddToCartForm.submit(this)" class="button btn-cart-buy-now btn btn-warning btn-block " title="Add to Cart" type="button">Add to Cart</button> </div> </div> </div> </dd> </dl> <script type="text/javascript"> var spConfig = new ProductConfigurableNolo.Config({"attributes":{"221":{"id":221,"code":"book_format","label":"Select Your Format","options":[{"id":"1131","label":"eBook (Downloadable)","price":"0","oldPrice":"0","products":["39101"]},{"id":"1121","label":"Book & eBook","price":"3.5","oldPrice":"3.5","products":["39111"]}]}},"template":"$#{price}","basePrice":"24.49","oldPrice":"24.49","productId":"39121","chooseText":"Choose an Option...","taxConfig":{"includeTax":false,"showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"inclTaxTitle":"Incl. Tax"}}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var DateOption = Class.create({ getDaysInMonth: function(month, year) { var curDate = new Date(); if (!month) { month = curDate.getMonth(); } if (2 == month && !year) { // leap year assumption for unknown year return 29; } if (!year) { year = curDate.getFullYear(); } return 32 - new Date(year, month - 1, 32).getDate(); }, reloadMonth: function(event) { var selectEl = event.findElement(); var idParts = selectEl.id.split("_"); if (idParts.length != 3) { return false; } var optionIdPrefix = idParts[0] + "_" + idParts[1]; var month = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_month").value); var year = parseInt($(optionIdPrefix + "_year").value); var dayEl = $(optionIdPrefix + "_day"); var days = this.getDaysInMonth(month, year); //remove days for (var i = dayEl.options.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (dayEl.options[i].value > days) { dayEl.remove(dayEl.options[i].index); } } // add days var lastDay = parseInt(dayEl.options[dayEl.options.length-1].value); for (i = lastDay + 1; i <= days; i++) { this.addOption(dayEl, i, i); } }, addOption: function(select, text, value) { var option = document.createElement('OPTION'); option.value = value; option.text = text; if (select.options.add) { select.options.add(option); } else { select.appendChild(option); } } }); dateOption = new DateOption(); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ enUS = {"m":{"wide":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"abbr":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]}}; // en_US locale reference Calendar._DN = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"]; // full day names Calendar._SDN = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]; // short day names Calendar._FD = 0; // First day of the week. "0" means display Sunday first, "1" means display Monday first, etc. Calendar._MN = ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"]; // full month names Calendar._SMN = ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]; // short month names Calendar._am = "AM"; // am/pm Calendar._pm = "PM"; // tooltips Calendar._TT = {}; Calendar._TT["INFO"] = 'About the calendar'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT"] = 'DHTML Date/Time Selector\n' + "(c) dynarch.com 2002-2005 / Author: Mihai Bazon\n" + 'For latest version visit: http://www.dynarch.com/projects/calendar/\n' + 'Distributed under GNU LGPL. See http://gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html for details.' + '\n\n' + 'Date selection:\n' + '- Use the \xab, \xbb buttons to select year\n' + '- Use the \u2039 buttons to select month\n' + '- Hold mouse button on any of the above buttons for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["ABOUT_TIME"] = '\n\n' + 'Time selection:\n' + '- Click on any of the time parts to increase it\n' + '- or Shift-click to decrease it\n' + '- or click and drag for faster selection.'; Calendar._TT["PREV_YEAR"] = 'Prev. year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["PREV_MONTH"] = 'Prev. month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["GO_TODAY"] = 'Go Today'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_MONTH"] = 'Next month (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["NEXT_YEAR"] = 'Next year (hold for menu)'; Calendar._TT["SEL_DATE"] = 'Select date'; Calendar._TT["DRAG_TO_MOVE"] = 'Drag to move'; Calendar._TT["PART_TODAY"] = ' (' + "today" + ')'; // the following is to inform that "%s" is to be the first day of week Calendar._TT["DAY_FIRST"] = 'Display %s first'; // This may be locale-dependent. It specifies the week-end days, as an array // of comma-separated numbers. The numbers are from 0 to 6: 0 means Sunday, 1 // means Monday, etc. Calendar._TT["WEEKEND"] = "0,6"; Calendar._TT["CLOSE"] = 'Close'; Calendar._TT["TODAY"] = "today"; Calendar._TT["TIME_PART"] = '(Shift-)Click or drag to change value'; // date formats Calendar._TT["DEF_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%b %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["TT_DATE_FORMAT"] = "%B %e, %Y"; Calendar._TT["WK"] = "Week"; Calendar._TT["TIME"] = 'Time:'; //]]> </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript">decorateGeneric($$('#product-options-wrapper dl'), ['last']);</script> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('.format-selector .product-format').click(function() { var ind = jQuery(this).index(); jQuery(this).parent().find('.product-format').each(function() { jQuery(this).removeClass('active'); }); jQuery(this).parent().parent().parent().find('.product-configurable-select').each(function() { jQuery(this).removeClass('active'); }); // only show 'Format: PDF, EPUB, MOBI', hide 'MORE INFO' if (jQuery(this).hasClass('book-ebook-button')) { jQuery(this).parent().parent().find('.format-types').hide(); } else { jQuery(this).parent().parent().find('.format-types').show(); } jQuery(this).addClass('active'); jQuery(this).parent().parent().parent().find('.product-configurable-select').eq(ind).addClass('active'); }); jQuery('#mobile-buy .format-selector .product-format').click(function() { var ind = jQuery(this).index(); jQuery(this).parent().parent().find('.current-format .type').text(jQuery(this).text()); var newPrice = jQuery(this).parent().parent().parent().find('.product-configurable-select').eq(ind).find('.price').text(); jQuery('#mobile-buy .current-format .price').text(newPrice) }) jQuery(document).ready(function() { var price = jQuery('#mobile-buy .product-add-to-cart-info .price').first().text(); jQuery('#mobile-buy .current-format .price').text(price) }) jQuery('#mobile-buy .format-wrapper .current-format').click(function() { if (jQuery(this).find('.material-icons').hasClass('arrow-down-white')) { jQuery(this).find('.material-icons').removeClass('arrow-down-white'); jQuery(this).find('.material-icons').addClass('arrow-right-white'); } else { jQuery(this).find('.material-icons').removeClass('arrow-right-white'); jQuery(this).find('.material-icons').addClass('arrow-down-white'); } if (jQuery('#mobile-buy').position().top == 0 ){; jQuery('#mobile-buy').animate({'bottom': '0'}, 500).css('top', 'unset'); jQuery(this).parent().find('.format-selector').hide(500); } else { jQuery('#mobile-buy').animate({'top': '0'}, 500).css('bottom', 'unset'); jQuery(this).parent().find('.format-selector').delay(500).show(500); } }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var lifetime = 3600; var expireAt = Mage.Cookies.expires; if (lifetime > 0) { expireAt = new Date(); expireAt.setTime(expireAt.getTime() + lifetime * 1000); } Mage.Cookies.set('external_no_cache', 1, expireAt); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page-ft" class="region grid-region-page-ft">   <div id="region-footer" class="region grid-region-footer"> <footer> <div class="container container-footer-outermost"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-3"> <div class="logo-container"> <svg class="nolo-logo" width="120px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 120 24" version="1.1" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <polygon id="path-1" points="0 0 11.9995543 0 11.9995543 16.5 0 16.5"></polygon> </defs> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(-156.000000, -48.000000)"> <g transform="translate(156.000000, 48.000000)"> <polygon fill="#000000" points="29.25045 -0.0003 0.75045 7.4997 0.75045 8.9997 29.25045 1.4997"></polygon> <g> <path d="M78.1245,10.5 C78.1245,6.6945 75.708,3.4995 72,3.4995 C68.265,3.4995 65.8755,6.6945 65.8755,10.5 C65.8755,14.2725 68.265,17.5005 72,17.5005 C75.708,17.5005 78.1245,14.2725 78.1245,10.5 M61.5,10.5 C61.5,4.383 65.9145,0 72,0 C78.0555,0 82.5,4.383 82.5,10.5 C82.5,16.617 78.0555,21 72,21 C65.9145,21 61.5,16.617 61.5,10.5" id="Fill-2" fill="#000000"></path> <path d="M115.6245,10.5 C115.6245,6.6945 113.208,3.4995 109.5,3.4995 C105.765,3.4995 103.3755,6.6945 103.3755,10.5 C103.3755,14.2725 105.765,17.5005 109.5,17.5005 C113.208,17.5005 115.6245,14.2725 115.6245,10.5 M99,10.5 C99,4.383 103.4145,0 109.5,0 C115.5555,0 120,4.383 120,10.5 C120,16.617 115.5555,21 109.5,21 C103.4145,21 99,16.617 99,10.5" fill="#000000"></path> <polygon fill="#000000" points="85.5 21 85.5 0 89.7855 0 89.7855 17.502 97.5 17.502 97.5 21"></polygon> <polygon id="Fill-8" fill="#000000" points="54.2139 21 44.7864 7.0005 44.7864 21 40.4994 21 40.4994 0 44.7864 0 54.2139 12.2505 54.2139 0 58.4994 0 58.4994 21"></polygon> <g transform="translate(0.000000, 7.500000)"> <mask id="mask-2" fill="white"> <use xlink:href="#path-1"></use> </mask> <g id="Clip-11"></g> <path d="M1.66695,12.75 L6.00045,3.3 L10.33095,12.75 L1.66695,12.75 Z M11.97495,12.75 L6.00045,0 L0.02295,12.75 C0.02295,12.75 -0.70905,16.5 5.98395,16.5 C12.72195,16.5 11.97495,12.75 11.97495,12.75 L11.97495,12.75 Z" id="Fill-10" fill="#000000" mask="url(#mask-2)"></path> </g> <path d="M18.91695,15.75 L23.25045,6.3 L27.58095,15.75 L18.91695,15.75 Z M29.22495,15.75 L23.25045,3 L17.27295,15.75 C17.27295,15.75 16.54095,19.5 23.23395,19.5 C29.97195,19.5 29.22495,15.75 29.22495,15.75 L29.22495,15.75 Z" fill="#000000"></path> <path d="M15.83055,1.50435 C15.83055,2.33235 15.16005,3.00435 14.33055,3.00435 C13.50105,3.00435 12.83055,2.33235 12.83055,1.50435 C12.83055,0.67635 13.50105,0.00435 14.33055,0.00435 C15.16005,0.00435 15.83055,0.67635 15.83055,1.50435" fill="#000000"></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="anniversary-icon" width="91px" height="91px" viewBox="0 0 91 91" version="1.1" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Group 39</title> <g id="Flow-Med,Attorney,DIY" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Group-39"> <g id="Group-9" transform="translate(9.000000, 9.266000)" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-dasharray="0,2.037" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.005"> <path d="M38.3831,72.8661 C57.1521,71.8291 72.1181,56.5371 72.6381,37.6361" id="Stroke-1"></path> <path d="M72.596,34.5814 C71.559,15.8134 56.267,0.8464 37.366,0.3264" id="Stroke-3"></path> <path d="M34.3114,0.368 C15.5434,1.405 0.5764,16.697 0.0564,35.599" id="Stroke-5"></path> <path d="M0.0985,38.6532 C1.1355,57.4212 16.4275,72.3882 35.3295,72.9082" id="Stroke-7"></path> </g> <g id="Group-18" transform="translate(9.000000, 8.266000)" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-dasharray="0,2.037" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.005"> <path d="M38.3831,73.3661 C57.1521,72.3291 72.1181,57.0371 72.6381,38.1361" id="Stroke-10"></path> <path d="M72.596,35.0814 C71.559,16.3134 56.267,1.3464 37.366,0.8264" id="Stroke-12"></path> <path d="M34.3114,0.868 C15.5434,1.905 0.5764,17.197 0.0564,36.099" id="Stroke-14"></path> <path d="M0.0985,39.1532 C1.1355,57.9212 16.4275,72.8882 35.3295,73.4082" id="Stroke-16"></path> </g> <polygon id="Fill-19" fill="#DD2027" points="45.3825 1.3623 43.5995 0.0003 41.9295 1.4983 40.0445 0.2793 38.4965 1.9043 36.5215 0.8383 35.1065 2.5783 33.0545 1.6703 31.7795 3.5163 29.6635 2.7723 28.5365 4.7123 26.3685 4.1373 25.3975 6.1603 23.1905 5.7563 22.3825 7.8483 20.1505 7.6193 19.5075 9.7693 17.2645 9.7153 16.7935 11.9083 14.5525 12.0313 14.2555 14.2553 12.0315 14.5523 11.9085 16.7923 9.7155 17.2663 9.7685 19.5083 7.6195 20.1503 7.8495 22.3823 5.7565 23.1913 6.1595 25.3983 4.1375 26.3683 4.7125 28.5373 2.7715 29.6633 3.5165 31.7793 1.6705 33.0553 2.5775 35.1063 0.8375 36.5233 1.9035 38.4973 0.2795 40.0453 1.4975 41.9293 -0.0005 43.6003 1.3605 45.3833 -0.0005 47.1663 1.4975 48.8373 0.2795 50.7213 1.9035 52.2693 0.8375 54.2443 2.5775 55.6603 1.6705 57.7123 3.5165 58.9863 2.7715 61.1023 4.7125 62.2293 4.1375 64.3973 6.1595 65.3683 5.7565 67.5763 7.8495 68.3843 7.6195 70.6163 9.7685 71.2583 9.7155 73.5013 11.9085 73.9723 12.0315 76.2133 14.2555 76.5113 14.5525 78.7343 16.7935 78.8573 17.2645 81.0503 19.5075 80.9973 20.1505 83.1453 22.3825 82.9173 23.1905 85.0103 25.3975 84.6063 26.3685 86.6293 28.5365 86.0533 29.6635 87.9943 31.7795 87.2503 33.0545 89.0963 35.1065 88.1883 36.5215 89.9273 38.4965 88.8623 40.0445 90.4863 41.9295 89.2683 43.5995 90.7653 45.3825 89.4043 47.1665 90.7653 48.8365 89.2683 50.7215 90.4863 52.2695 88.8623 54.2435 89.9273 55.6595 88.1883 57.7105 89.0963 58.9865 87.2503 61.1015 87.9943 62.2275 86.0533 64.3965 86.6293 65.3685 84.6063 67.5745 85.0103 68.3825 82.9173 70.6155 83.1453 71.2575 80.9973 73.5015 81.0503 73.9725 78.8573 76.2125 78.7343 76.5095 76.5113 78.7335 76.2133 78.8575 73.9723 81.0505 73.5013 80.9975 71.2583 83.1455 70.6163 82.9175 68.3843 85.0095 67.5763 84.6075 65.3683 86.6285 64.3973 86.0535 62.2293 87.9945 61.1023 87.2495 58.9863 89.0955 57.7123 88.1875 55.6603 89.9285 54.2443 88.8625 52.2693 90.4865 50.7213 89.2685 48.8373 90.7655 47.1663 89.4045 45.3833 90.7655 43.6003 89.2685 41.9293 90.4865 40.0453 88.8625 38.4973 89.9285 36.5233 88.1875 35.1063 89.0955 33.0553 87.2495 31.7793 87.9945 29.6633 86.0535 28.5373 86.6285 26.3683 84.6075 25.3983 85.0095 23.1913 82.9175 22.3823 83.1455 20.1503 80.9975 19.5083 81.0505 17.2663 78.8575 16.7923 78.7335 14.5523 76.5095 14.2553 76.2125 12.0313 73.9725 11.9083 73.5015 9.7153 71.2575 9.7693 70.6155 7.6193 68.3825 7.8483 67.5745 5.7563 65.3685 6.1603 64.3965 4.1373 62.2275 4.7123 61.1015 2.7723 58.9865 3.5163 57.7105 1.6703 55.6595 2.5783 54.2435 0.8383 52.2695 1.9043 50.7215 0.2793 48.8365 1.4983 47.1665 0.0003"></polygon> <g id="Group-38" transform="translate(4.000000, 3.266000)"> <path d="M22.284,25.0423 C24.375,25.8463 25.501,26.1143 26.949,26.1143 C30.327,26.1143 33.33,25.1493 36.815,22.8973 C37.941,22.0933 39.175,20.8603 39.175,20.4843 C39.175,20.1623 38.906,19.8413 38.585,19.8413 C38.424,19.8413 38.156,19.9483 37.888,20.0553 C36.011,21.0203 31.829,21.8783 28.933,21.8783 C25.877,21.8783 24.697,21.6103 22.552,20.4313 L19.817,20.4313 L18.638,39.0913 L21.641,39.2523 C22.606,36.2493 24.965,34.4793 27.914,34.4793 C32.204,34.4793 34.939,38.2863 34.939,44.2383 C34.939,47.4023 33.973,50.7263 32.526,52.4423 C31.292,53.8903 29.416,54.6943 27.217,54.6943 C23.839,54.6943 21.426,52.6573 21.158,49.6003 C21.587,49.6543 21.909,49.7083 22.23,49.7083 C23.625,49.7083 24.59,48.5823 24.59,46.9733 C24.59,45.0963 23.196,43.8093 21.212,43.8093 C18.852,43.8093 17.244,45.7403 17.244,48.5823 C17.244,53.3003 21.909,57.0543 27.753,57.0543 C30.863,57.0543 33.276,56.1963 35.475,54.3193 C38.478,51.7453 40.14,48.2063 40.14,44.4533 C40.14,37.7503 34.778,32.0663 28.45,32.0663 C25.769,32.0663 24,32.8173 21.748,34.9083 L22.284,25.0423 Z M55.314,19.5193 C52.526,19.5193 50.541,20.3233 48.773,22.0393 C47.057,23.7013 45.662,25.7933 44.911,27.7773 C43.679,30.7263 42.982,34.6403 42.982,38.2333 C42.982,42.2543 43.624,45.7923 44.858,48.9033 C47.057,54.3193 50.381,57.0543 54.831,57.0543 C58.693,57.0543 61.588,55.1233 63.947,51.1023 C65.985,47.5633 67.004,43.1663 67.004,38.0183 C67.004,34.2113 66.307,30.2433 65.126,27.5093 C62.929,22.3073 59.496,19.5193 55.314,19.5193 L55.314,19.5193 Z M55.046,22.3073 C59.711,22.3073 61.856,27.0803 61.856,37.5363 C61.856,49.7083 59.819,54.5343 54.778,54.5343 C50.06,54.5343 48.076,49.4933 48.076,37.4823 C48.076,32.7633 48.719,28.3133 49.738,26.1143 C50.971,23.4333 52.526,22.3073 55.046,22.3073 L55.046,22.3073 Z" id="Fill-20" fill="#FEFEFE"></path> <path d="M27.9691,60.0399 L29.7261,64.1499 L29.7261,66.8169 L31.0921,66.8169 L31.0921,64.1499 L32.8481,60.0399 L31.3671,60.0399 L30.4181,62.6599 L30.3991,62.6599 L29.5071,60.0399 L27.9691,60.0399 Z M33.8281,60.0399 L33.8281,66.8169 L37.7101,66.8169 L37.7101,65.6989 L35.1941,65.6989 L35.1941,63.8749 L37.4731,63.8749 L37.4731,62.7559 L35.1941,62.7559 L35.1941,61.1589 L37.6151,61.1589 L37.6151,60.0399 L33.8281,60.0399 Z M38.3951,66.8169 L39.8191,66.8169 L40.1321,65.3849 L41.9361,65.3849 L42.2491,66.8169 L43.6731,66.8169 L41.8791,60.0399 L40.1891,60.0399 L38.3951,66.8169 Z M41.0241,61.2159 L41.0431,61.2159 L41.6981,64.2649 L40.3691,64.2649 L41.0241,61.2159 Z M45.9901,61.0449 L46.6361,61.0449 C47.2541,61.0449 47.5861,61.3579 47.5861,61.9849 C47.5861,62.7179 47.2161,63.0029 46.5601,63.0029 L45.9901,63.0029 L45.9901,61.0449 Z M44.6241,66.8169 L45.9901,66.8169 L45.9901,63.9509 L46.7211,63.9509 C47.2741,63.9509 47.5101,64.2729 47.5301,64.8049 L47.5681,66.1049 C47.5771,66.3719 47.6051,66.6289 47.7391,66.8169 L49.2181,66.8169 L49.2181,66.7619 C48.9621,66.6289 48.9241,66.2579 48.9141,65.5459 C48.8951,64.1109 48.7531,63.5999 47.8231,63.4769 L47.8231,63.4579 C48.5921,63.2969 48.9521,62.6879 48.9521,61.7859 C48.9521,60.6279 48.2691,60.0399 47.1501,60.0399 L44.6241,60.0399 L44.6241,66.8169 Z M50.1131,64.7019 L50.1131,64.9769 C50.1131,66.2299 50.7191,66.9509 52.2671,66.9509 C53.7481,66.9509 54.6211,66.3069 54.6211,64.8729 C54.6211,64.0469 54.3551,63.5229 53.3311,63.0779 L52.2771,62.6219 C51.6981,62.3749 51.5731,62.1189 51.5731,61.7009 C51.5731,61.3019 51.7361,60.9119 52.3521,60.9119 C52.8751,60.9119 53.0931,61.2829 53.0931,61.9189 L54.4041,61.9189 L54.4041,61.7279 C54.4041,60.4289 53.5201,59.9059 52.3051,59.9059 C51.0131,59.9059 50.2071,60.5799 50.2071,61.8989 C50.2071,63.0289 50.7671,63.5339 51.9831,63.9519 C52.8841,64.2649 53.1981,64.4929 53.1981,65.1089 C53.1981,65.6799 52.7991,65.9449 52.3811,65.9449 C51.6591,65.9449 51.4781,65.5379 51.4781,64.8999 L51.4781,64.7019 L50.1131,64.7019 Z" id="Fill-22" fill="#FEFEFE"></path> <path d="M41.3827,83.4413 C64.2057,83.4413 82.7067,64.9393 82.7067,42.1173 C82.7067,19.2943 64.2057,0.7923 41.3827,0.7923 C18.5597,0.7923 0.0587,19.2943 0.0587,42.1173 C0.0587,64.9393 18.5597,83.4413 41.3827,83.4413 Z" id="Stroke-24" stroke="#DD2027" stroke-width="0.472"></path> <path d="M21.9491,73.8153 C21.3241,74.9683 22.0281,75.9973 23.0701,76.5463 C24.3491,77.2213 25.3681,76.9343 25.8241,76.0713 C26.3871,75.0023 25.4481,74.2283 25.1501,73.9613 C24.1301,73.0363 23.9301,72.8713 24.1211,72.5083 C24.3301,72.1133 24.7851,72.1753 25.1151,72.3493 C25.6101,72.6103 25.9361,72.9683 25.6701,73.5523 L26.6711,74.0823 C27.2451,72.9943 26.5681,72.0893 25.5851,71.5713 C24.7351,71.1223 23.5821,71.1033 23.0751,72.0653 C22.6081,72.9503 23.1701,73.5913 23.7721,74.1443 C24.3671,74.6963 25.0281,75.1543 24.7601,75.6613 C24.5061,76.1423 23.8961,75.9563 23.5331,75.7643 C22.9791,75.4713 22.6201,74.9703 22.9501,74.3433 L21.9491,73.8153 Z M25.9111,77.7883 L26.9931,78.2293 L29.0061,73.3033 L27.9231,72.8623 L25.9111,77.7883 Z M28.1101,78.7243 L29.1591,79.0373 L30.1751,75.6223 L30.1891,75.6273 L31.2961,79.6723 L32.4171,80.0053 L33.9341,74.9063 L32.8851,74.5933 L31.8671,78.0143 L31.8531,78.0103 L30.7411,73.9563 L29.6271,73.6243 L28.1101,78.7243 Z M38.7351,77.4243 C38.7651,76.1863 37.8861,75.3733 36.7271,75.2103 C35.0951,74.9813 33.9661,76.0643 33.7471,77.6303 C33.5341,79.1513 34.3231,80.5023 35.9541,80.7303 C37.2461,80.9123 38.2721,80.1983 38.5741,78.9003 L37.4521,78.7443 C37.2661,79.4243 36.7991,79.8563 36.0901,79.7573 C35.0491,79.6123 34.7821,78.6703 34.9051,77.7933 C35.0341,76.8703 35.5491,76.0383 36.5901,76.1833 C37.1661,76.2633 37.6121,76.7323 37.6131,77.2673 L38.7351,77.4243 Z M39.2801,80.9563 L43.3201,81.0063 L43.3311,80.0233 L40.4621,79.9883 L40.4781,78.6823 L43.0571,78.7143 L43.0701,77.8063 L40.4901,77.7733 L40.5041,76.6323 L43.3141,76.6683 L43.3261,75.6843 L39.3471,75.6343 L39.2801,80.9563 Z M48.0651,75.1203 L47.2341,75.2573 C47.2541,76.0623 46.6271,76.4233 45.8961,76.5303 L46.0261,77.3153 L47.3221,77.1003 L47.8741,80.4393 L48.9171,80.2663 L48.0651,75.1203 Z M50.1631,78.6623 C50.5391,79.5063 51.3321,79.8233 52.1981,79.5643 C53.6191,79.1413 53.7471,77.5873 53.3841,76.3673 C53.0071,75.1013 52.2071,73.9003 50.6931,74.3513 C49.6491,74.6623 49.1831,75.6783 49.4881,76.7013 C49.6041,77.0933 49.8481,77.4723 50.2041,77.7013 C50.5831,77.9293 51.0781,78.0013 51.5071,77.8733 C51.9931,77.7273 52.3081,77.4563 52.4701,76.9793 L52.4901,76.9903 C52.6261,77.5553 52.7201,78.5783 51.9841,78.7973 C51.6341,78.9013 51.2911,78.6913 51.1271,78.3753 L50.1631,78.6623 Z M51.5221,77.0373 C51.0011,77.1913 50.6171,76.7933 50.4771,76.3213 C50.3431,75.8713 50.4841,75.3233 50.9701,75.1783 C51.4771,75.0283 51.9161,75.4033 52.0541,75.8683 C52.2011,76.3603 52.0661,76.8763 51.5221,77.0373 L51.5221,77.0373 Z M56.0521,72.4793 L52.7541,73.8283 L53.1261,74.7383 L55.4171,73.8013 C54.9501,75.2813 54.9241,76.9103 55.3971,78.3833 L56.4461,77.9553 C55.9321,76.6593 55.7421,74.6193 56.3961,73.3213 L56.0521,72.4793 Z M58.4651,71.1223 L57.7301,71.5333 C58.0221,72.2833 57.5531,72.8353 56.9031,73.1823 L57.2911,73.8773 L58.4361,73.2383 L60.0871,76.1913 L61.0101,75.6753 L58.4651,71.1223 Z" id="Fill-26" fill="#FEFEFE"></path> <path d="M17.9759,18.9735 L20.7909,16.4755 L20.1389,15.7405 L18.1979,17.4625 L15.3189,14.2165 L14.4439,14.9935 L17.9759,18.9735 Z M20.9609,16.2295 L21.9499,15.5785 L21.6469,14.3585 L23.3099,13.2645 L24.2969,14.0335 L25.3119,13.3655 L20.7239,10.0145 L19.7219,10.6745 L20.9609,16.2295 Z M20.9289,11.4505 L20.9409,11.4425 L22.5749,12.7045 L21.4239,13.4635 L20.9289,11.4505 Z M29.5809,5.6055 L28.5299,6.0655 L29.2009,9.7745 L29.1869,9.7805 L26.8839,6.7855 L25.8799,7.2245 L26.4849,10.9135 L26.4719,10.9195 L24.2479,7.9385 L23.1759,8.4075 L26.5999,12.7185 L27.6849,12.2435 L27.0459,8.5695 L27.0599,8.5635 L29.3379,11.5205 L30.4029,11.0545 L29.5809,5.6055 Z M34.6709,9.8775 L35.8299,9.7155 L35.5249,7.5375 L37.7319,7.2285 L37.6059,6.3285 L35.3989,6.6375 L35.2279,5.4185 L37.7749,5.0625 L37.6389,4.0885 L33.9339,4.6065 L34.6709,9.8775 Z M39.0449,6.5885 C39.0259,8.1245 39.9779,9.3665 41.6259,9.3865 C43.2739,9.4075 44.2569,8.1905 44.2769,6.6555 C44.2959,5.0745 43.3439,3.8335 41.6959,3.8125 C40.0489,3.7915 39.0649,5.0085 39.0449,6.5885 L39.0449,6.5885 Z M40.2139,6.6035 C40.2259,5.6715 40.6329,4.7815 41.6839,4.7955 C42.7349,4.8085 43.1189,5.7085 43.1069,6.6405 C43.0959,7.5275 42.6899,8.4175 41.6379,8.4035 C40.5869,8.3905 40.2029,7.4905 40.2139,6.6035 L40.2139,6.6035 Z M45.2349,9.3905 L46.3829,9.6105 L46.7739,7.5685 L47.9239,7.7885 C48.5019,7.8995 48.6679,8.1815 48.6449,8.7465 C48.6219,9.1745 48.5119,9.6775 48.5869,10.0335 L49.7359,10.2535 C49.5859,9.9215 49.7119,9.3075 49.7529,8.9735 C49.8179,8.4395 49.7619,7.8605 49.2269,7.6055 L49.2299,7.5915 C49.8529,7.4685 50.1899,7.0545 50.3079,6.4395 C50.4579,5.6485 49.9909,4.8835 49.0539,4.7045 L46.2359,4.1645 L45.2349,9.3905 Z M47.2119,5.2765 L48.4729,5.5175 C48.9859,5.6165 49.2219,5.8895 49.1239,6.3945 C49.0239,6.9225 48.7039,7.0885 48.1909,6.9905 L46.9309,6.7495 L47.2119,5.2765 Z M52.3149,11.0195 L53.4009,11.4945 L54.2579,10.5755 L56.0809,11.3735 L55.9749,12.6205 L57.0869,13.1075 L57.3979,7.4345 L56.2989,6.9535 L52.3149,11.0195 Z M56.3049,8.3885 L56.3189,8.3945 L56.1509,10.4525 L54.8879,9.8995 L56.3049,8.3885 Z M57.6439,13.4685 L60.7869,15.5375 L61.3279,14.7165 L59.1609,13.2905 L61.5449,9.6665 L60.5699,9.0235 L57.6439,13.4685 Z M61.4599,16.0495 L64.3339,18.4795 L64.9699,17.7295 L62.9889,16.0545 L65.7889,12.7415 L64.8969,11.9865 L61.4599,16.0495 Z" id="Fill-28" fill="#FEFEFE"></path> <path d="M11.1717,21.1268 C7.0657,27.0028 4.6397,34.1298 4.5777,41.8008" id="Stroke-30" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.945" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="0,1.916"></path> <path d="M4.66,44.6083 C5.332,54.6083 9.997,63.4813 17.052,69.6823" id="Stroke-32" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.945" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="0,1.852"></path> <path d="M65.6488,69.5301 C73.1428,62.8581 77.8708,53.1661 77.9508,42.4071" id="Stroke-34" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.945" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="0,1.859"></path> <path d="M77.8636,39.5609 C77.3356,31.9159 74.4736,24.9319 69.9956,19.3009" id="Stroke-36" stroke="#FEFEFE" stroke-width="0.945" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-dasharray="0,1.919"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-10 col-md-9 menu"> <ul id="footer-menu" class="main-menu-group"> <li class="col-md-4 col-lg-auto submenu-column"> <a href="#footer-links-1" title="Company Information" class="submenu-title">Company Information <i class="arrow"></i></a> <ul class="submenu" id="footer-links-1"> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/about/about.html" title="About Nolo">About Nolo</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/about/jobs.html" title="Careers">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/about/press-room" title="Press Room">Press Room</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/customer-support/contact" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/customer-support" title="Customer Service">Customer Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/technical-support-main" title="Tech Support">Tech Support</a></li> <li class="meet-editors-link"><a href="https://www.nolo.com/about/staff.html#editorbios" title="Meet The Editors">Meet The Editors</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-4 col-lg-auto submenu-column"> <a href="#footer-links-2" title="Products & Services" class="submenu-title">Products & Services <i class="arrow"></i></a> <ul class="submenu" id="footer-links-2"> <li><a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/" title="Books & Software">Books & Software</a></li> <li><a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/new-arrivals" title="New Arrivals & Coupons">New Arrivals & <span class="new-arrivals-and-coupons">Coupons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://store.nolo.com/products/bestsellers" title="Bestsellers">Bestsellers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-4 col-lg-auto submenu-column"> <a href="#footer-links-3" title="Lawyer Directory" class="submenu-title">Lawyer Directory <i class="arrow"></i></a> <ul class="submenu" id="footer-links-3"> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/leads/" title="Grow Your Practice">Grow Your Practice</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/lawyers" title="Find a lawyer">Find a Lawyer</a></li> <li><a href="https://lawyers.nolo.com/all-locations" title="Lawyers by location">Lawyers by Location</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/lawyers-lawfirms/tips.html" title="Tips on Hiring Lawyers">Tips on Hiring Lawyers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-4 col-lg-auto submenu-column"> <a href="#footer-links-4" title="Free legal Information" class="submenu-title">Free Legal Information <i class="arrow"></i></a> <ul class="submenu" id="footer-links-4"> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia" title="Articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-research" title="Legal Research">Legal Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/content/new-articles-from-Nolo.html" title="Newest Articles">Newest Articles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-4 col-lg-auto submenu-column"> <a href="#footer-links-5" title="Sales" class="submenu-title">Sales <i class="arrow"></i></a> <ul class="submenu" id="footer-links-5"> <li><a href="https://signup.cj.com/member/signup/publisher/?cid=3906677#/branded" rel="nofollow">Affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nolo.com/trade" title="Library">Library & Trade</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="container container-footer-copyright"> <div class="row justify-content-end"> <div class="copyright col-lg-10 col-md-12"> <p class="copyright-paragraph-text"> <a class="copyright-policy-text" title="Copyright Policy" href="https://www.nolo.com/copyright-policy.html" target="_blank">Copyright <span class="font-family-base-sans-serif">©</span>2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Nolo <span class="font-family-base-sans-serif">®</span></a> Self-help services may not be permitted in all states. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. The attorney listings on this site are paid attorney advertising. In some states, the information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service. Please reference the Terms of Use and the Supplemental Terms for specific information related to your state. Your use of this website constitutes acceptance of the <a class="copyright-footer-supplemental" title="Terms of Use" href="https://www.internetbrands.com/ibterms/" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a>, <a class="copyright-footer-supplemental" title="Disclaimer — Legal information is not legal advice" href="https://www.internetbrands.com/ibterms/supplementallegalterms/" target="_blank">Supplemental Terms</a>, <a class="copyright-footer-supplemental" title="Privacy Policy" href="https://www.internetbrands.com/privacy/privacy-main" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> and <a class="copyright-footer-supplemental" title="Cookie Policy" href="https://www.internetbrands.com/privacy/cookie-policy" target="_blank">Cookie Policy</a>. </p>  <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button> <a class="ib-your-choices" onclick="OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay();" href="javascript:void(0);">Your Privacy Choices<img src="https://icons.internetbrands.com/ccpa/privacyoptions29x14.png"></a>  </div> </div> </div> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '344858165663318'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=344858165663318&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="/products/skin/frontend/quasar/default/js/slickCarouselInit.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(src,config){var script=document.createElement('script');script.onload=script.onreadystatechange=function(e){var event=e||window.event;if(event.type==='load'||/loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState)&&document.documentMode<=11){script.onload=script.onreadystatechange=script.onerror=null;new IBTracker(config);}};script.onerror=function(){script.onload=script.onreadystatechange=script.onerror=null;};script.async=1;script.src=src;script.setAttribute('crossorigin','anonymous');document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);}('https://ibclick.stream/assets/js/track/dist/js/v1/tracker.min.js',{site:'nolo.com',vertical:'legal',autoPageViewTracking:true,autoClickTracking:true,snippetVersion:'1.2'})); </script> <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js?onload=renderBadge" async defer></script> <script> window.renderBadge = function() { var ratingBadgeContainer = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(ratingBadgeContainer); window.gapi.load('ratingbadge', function() { window.gapi.ratingbadge.render(ratingBadgeContainer, {"merchant_id": 123228885, "position": "BOTTOM_LEFT"}); }); } </script>   <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="d668f687-478d-474c-8ab3-470e10d2ceaf"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/opt-out/otCCPAiab.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" ccpa-opt-out-ids="C0004" ccpa-opt-out-geo="ca" ccpa-opt-out-lspa="true"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/d668f687-478d-474c-8ab3-470e10d2ceaf/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://static.klaviyo.com/onsite/js/klaviyo.js?company_id=WyEfZG"></script> <script src="https://www.dwin1.com/21102.js" type="text/javascript" defer="defer"></script> <script text="text/javascript"> !function(){if(!window.klaviyo){window._klOnsite=window._klOnsite||[];try{window.klaviyo=new Proxy({},{get:function(n,i){return"push"===i?function(){var n;(n=window._klOnsite).push.apply(n,arguments)}:function(){for(var n=arguments.length,o=new Array(n),w=0;w<n;w++)o[w]=arguments[w];var t="function"==typeof o[o.length-1]?o.pop():void 0,e=new Promise((function(n){window._klOnsite.push([i].concat(o,[function(i){t&&t(i),n(i)}]))}));return e}}})}catch(n){window.klaviyo=window.klaviyo||[],window.klaviyo.push=function(){var n;(n=window._klOnsite).push.apply(n,arguments)}}}}(); var klaviyo = window.klaviyo || []; var item = { ProductID: "39121", Name: "Getting Permission", SKU: "RIPER8", Price: "24.49", SpecialPrice: "24.49", URL: "https://store.nolo.com/products/getting-permission-riper.html", ImageURL: "https://store.nolo.com/products/media/catalog/product/r/i/riper8_60.png", Categories: ["Intellectual Property","Trademark Books","Copyright Books"] }; klaviyo.push(['track', 'Viewed Product', item]); klaviyo.push(['trackViewedItem', { Title: item.Name, ItemId: item.ProductID, Price: item.Price, SpecialPrice: item.SpecialPrice, Categories: item.Categories, ImageUrl: item.ImageURL, Url: item.URL }]); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Getting Permission - License & Clear Copyrighted Materials - Legal Book - Nolo