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Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Chú_thích" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chú_thích"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Chú thích</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chú_thích-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 34 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="جان فرانسوا بيلاتير دي روزيير – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان فرانسوا بيلاتير دي روزيير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilatr_de_Rozye" title="Pilatr de Rozye – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pilatr de Rozye" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ژان فرانسوا پیلاتر د روزیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژان فرانسوا پیلاتر د روزیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Пілатр дэ Разье – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пілатр дэ Разье" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Ζαν-Φρανσουά Πιλάτρ ντε Ροζιέ – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν-Φρανσουά Πιλάτρ ντε Ροζιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ژان فرانسوا پیلتر دو روزیه – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان فرانسوا پیلتر دو روزیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="جان فرانسوا بيلاتير دى روزيير – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان فرانسوا بيلاتير دى روزيير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Розье, Пилатр де – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Розье, Пилатр де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Жан-Франсоа Пилатр де Розје – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан-Франсоа Пилатр де Розје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._de_Rozier" title="J.P. de Rozier – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="J.P. de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%94" title="Пілатр де Розьє – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пілатр де Розьє" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E9%BD%8A%E8%80%B6" title="讓-弗朗索瓦·皮拉特爾·德·羅齊耶 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="讓-弗朗索瓦·皮拉特爾·德·羅齊耶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310996#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Thảo luận về trang này (trang không tồn tại) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div 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title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;oldid=71426357" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&amp;page=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;id=71426357&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJean-Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Pil%25C3%25A2tre_de_Rozier"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJean-Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Pil%25C3%25A2tre_de_Rozier"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Pil%C3%A2tre+de+Rozier"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310996" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;font-size:125%; background-color:#efefef"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Pilâtre de Rozier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg/220px-Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg/330px-Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg/440px-Pilatre_de_Rozier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sinh</th><td><a href="/wiki/30_th%C3%A1ng_3" title="30 tháng 3">30 tháng 3</a> năm <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p" title="Pháp">Pháp</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mất</th><td>15 tháng 6, 1785<span style="display:none">(1785-06-15)</span> (31&#160;tuổi)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Wimille" title="Wimille">Wimille</a>, Pháp</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Quốc tịch</th><td class="category"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p" title="Pháp">Pháp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Sự nghiệp khoa học</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ngành</th><td class="category"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Vật lý">Vật lý</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hóa học">Hóa học</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier</b> (1754-1785) là <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD" title="Nhà vật lý">nhà vật lý</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhà hóa học">nhà hóa học</a> <a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Người Pháp">người Pháp</a>. Ông cùng với <a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Người">người</a> sĩ quan tên là <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_D%27_Arlandes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="François D&#39; Arlandes (trang không tồn tại)">François D' Arlandes</a> trở thành những hành khách đầu tiên của một chuyến bay <a href="/wiki/Khinh_kh%C3%AD_c%E1%BA%A7u" class="mw-redirect" title="Khinh khí cầu">khinh khí cầu</a>. Họ thực hiện chuyến đi vào năm 1785, cuộc du hành kéo dài khoảng 28 <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAt" title="Phút">phút</a> trên <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91" title="Thành phố">thành phố</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> ở <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_cao" class="mw-disambig" title="Độ cao">độ cao</a> 1006 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t" title="Mét">mét</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Tuy nhiên ngoài vinh dự đó, ông còn kèm theo một điều đáng buồn. Đó là cùng với <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Jules_Romain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Jules Romain (trang không tồn tại)">Pierre Jules Romain</a> trở thành những nạn nhân đầu tiên của rủi ro <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng" title="Hàng không">hàng không</a> khi khí cầu của họ đụng vào nhau trong khi bay qua <a href="/wiki/Eo_bi%E1%BB%83n_Manche" title="Eo biển Manche">eo biển Manche</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chú_thích"><span id="Ch.C3.BA_th.C3.ADch"></span>Chú thích</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Chú thích”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Chú thích"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tóm tắt <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A1t_minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Phát minh">phát minh</a> và sự kiện <a href="/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khoa học">khoa học</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%93_C%C3%BAc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hồ Cúc (trang không tồn tại)">Hồ Cúc</a>, xuất bản năm <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier?uselang=vi">Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bellestar.org/faq/default.html">A Short Course of Ballooning History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927195451/http://bellestar.org/faq/default.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2013-09-27 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" 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