CINXE.COM

Imperial advantage - Business School

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script> //let partyLib = '/themes/custom/icbs/build/js/partytown/'; //if (window.location.href.indexOf("business-school") > -1) { // partyLib = '/business-school' + partyLib; //} //partytown = { // lib: partyLib, // //forward: ['dataLayer.push', 'fbq'], // //resolveUrl: function (url, location, type) { // // //if (type === 'script') { // // // const proxyUrl = new URL('https://cdn.builder.codes/api/v1/js-proxy'); // // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('url', url.href); // // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('apiKey', '15f3da5fbb10456e95a390848ef2b861'); // // // return proxyUrl; // // //} // // if (type === 'script') { // // var proxyUrl = new URL('https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/'); // // proxyUrl.searchParams.append('url', url.href); // // return proxyUrl; // // } // // return url; // //}, //}; // ///* Partytown 0.7.0 - MIT builder.io */ //!function(t,e,n,i,r,o,a,d,s,c,p,l){function u(){l||(l=1,"/"==(a=(o.lib||"/~partytown/")+(o.debug?"debug/":""))[0]&&(s=e.querySelectorAll('script[type="text/partytown"]'),i!=t?i.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pt1",{detail:t})):(d=setTimeout(w,1e4),e.addEventListener("pt0",f),r?h(1):n.serviceWorker?n.serviceWorker.register(a+(o.swPath||"partytown-sw.js"),{scope:a}).then((function(t){t.active?h():t.installing&&t.installing.addEventListener("statechange",(function(t){"activated"==t.target.state&&h()}))}),console.error):w())))}function h(t){c=e.createElement(t?"script":"iframe"),t||(c.setAttribute("style","display:block;width:0;height:0;border:0;visibility:hidden"),c.setAttribute("aria-hidden",!0)),c.src=a+"partytown-"+(t?"atomics.js?v=0.7.0":"sandbox-sw.html?"+Date.now()),e.body.appendChild(c)}function w(t,n){for(f(),t=0;t<s.length;t++)(n=e.createElement("script")).innerHTML=s[t].innerHTML,e.head.appendChild(n);c&&c.parentNode.removeChild(c)}function f(){clearTimeout(d)}o=t.partytown||{},i==t&&(o.forward||[]).map((function(e){p=t,e.split(".").map((function(e,n,i){p=p[i[n]]=n+1<i.length?"push"==i[n+1]?[]:p[i[n]]||{}:function(){(t._ptf=t._ptf||[]).push(i,arguments)}}))})),"complete"==e.readyState?u():(t.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",u),t.addEventListener("load",u))}(window,document,navigator,top,window.crossOriginIsolated); </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start for www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school --> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="504a1c92-b457-4e6b-ac1a-afd67320ff16" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school --> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NLPNR5'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Start VWO Async SmartCode --> <link rel="preconnect" href=https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com /> <script type='text/javascript' id='vwoCode'> window._vwo_code || (function() { var account_id=996645, version=2.1, settings_tolerance=2000, hide_element='body', hide_element_style = 'opacity:0 !important;filter:alpha(opacity=0) !important;background:none !important;transition:none !important;', /* DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE */ f=false,w=window,d=document,v=d.querySelector('#vwoCode'),cK='_vwo_'+account_id+'_settings',cc={};try{var c=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('_vwo_'+account_id+'_config'));cc=c&&typeof c==='object'?c:{}}catch(e){}var stT=cc.stT==='session'?w.sessionStorage:w.localStorage;code={nonce:v&&v.nonce,use_existing_jquery:function(){return typeof use_existing_jquery!=='undefined'?use_existing_jquery:undefined},library_tolerance:function(){return typeof library_tolerance!=='undefined'?library_tolerance:undefined},settings_tolerance:function(){return cc.sT||settings_tolerance},hide_element_style:function(){return'{'+(cc.hES||hide_element_style)+'}'},hide_element:function(){if(performance.getEntriesByName('first-contentful-paint')[0]){return''}return typeof cc.hE==='string'?cc.hE:hide_element},getVersion:function(){return version},finish:function(e){if(!f){f=true;var t=d.getElementById('_vis_opt_path_hides');if(t)t.parentNode.removeChild(t);if(e)(new Image).src='https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/ee.gif?a='+account_id+e}},finished:function(){return f},addScript:function(e){var t=d.createElement('script');t.type='text/javascript';if(e.src){t.src=e.src}else{t.text=e.text}v&&t.setAttribute('nonce',v.nonce);d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(t)},load:function(e,t){var n=this.getSettings(),i=d.createElement('script'),r=this;t=t||{};if(n){i.textContent=n;d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(i);if(!w.VWO||VWO.caE){stT.removeItem(cK);r.load(e)}}else{var o=new XMLHttpRequest;o.open('GET',e,true);o.withCredentials=!t.dSC;o.responseType=t.responseType||'text';o.onload=function(){if(t.onloadCb){return t.onloadCb(o,e)}if(o.status===200||o.status===304){_vwo_code.addScript({text:o.responseText})}else{_vwo_code.finish('&e=loading_failure:'+e)}};o.onerror=function(){if(t.onerrorCb){return t.onerrorCb(e)}_vwo_code.finish('&e=loading_failure:'+e)};o.send()}},getSettings:function(){try{var e=stT.getItem(cK);if(!e){return}e=JSON.parse(e);if(Date.now()>e.e){stT.removeItem(cK);return}return e.s}catch(e){return}},init:function(){if(d.URL.indexOf('__vwo_disable__')>-1)return;var e=this.settings_tolerance();w._vwo_settings_timer=setTimeout(function(){_vwo_code.finish();stT.removeItem(cK)},e);var t;if(this.hide_element()!=='body'){t=d.createElement('style');var n=this.hide_element(),i=n?n+this.hide_element_style():'',r=d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];t.setAttribute('id','_vis_opt_path_hides');v&&t.setAttribute('nonce',v.nonce);t.setAttribute('type','text/css');if(t.styleSheet)t.styleSheet.cssText=i;else t.appendChild(d.createTextNode(i));r.appendChild(t)}else{t=d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];var i=d.createElement('div');i.style.cssText='z-index: 2147483647 !important;position: fixed !important;left: 0 !important;top: 0 !important;width: 100% !important;height: 100% !important;background: white !important;display: block !important;';i.setAttribute('id','_vis_opt_path_hides');i.classList.add('_vis_hide_layer');t.parentNode.insertBefore(i,t.nextSibling)}var o=window._vis_opt_url||d.URL,s='https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/j.php?a='+account_id+'&u='+encodeURIComponent(o)+'&vn='+version;if(w.location.search.indexOf('_vwo_xhr')!==-1){this.addScript({src:s})}else{this.load(s+'&x=true')}}};w._vwo_code=code;code.init();})(); </script> <!-- End VWO Async SmartCode --> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Imperial College Business School campus places you in one of the most attractive and culturally vibrant areas of London. Discover more now!" /> <meta name="abstract" content="Study data sciences, finance and applied economics in this first-of-its-kind BSc degree programme at Imperial College Business School in London. Apply now." /> <meta name="geo.placename" content="London" /> <meta name="geo.region" content="GB" /> <meta name="icbm" content="51.499273, -0.174787" /> <meta name="geo.position" content="51.499273, -0.174787" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Imperial College Business School" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Flexible page builder" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Imperial advantage" /> <meta property="og:description" content="At the Business School we work in partnership with you to create an outstanding, memorable experience. Whatever you’re passionate about, there’s an opportunity here." /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Imperial advantage" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="At the Business School we work in partnership with you to create an outstanding, memorable experience. Whatever you’re passionate about, there’s an opportunity here." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ImperialBiz" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.imperial.ac.uk,,,," /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120036338",accountID:"3403031",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwIHUlZQCRABVFJUDggGV1cJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-dc31a2b6da7019ef036",applicationID:"1036991138"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Imperial advantage - Business School</title> <link rel="preload" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/fonts/NeueHaasUnica/NeueHaasUnicaW05-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/fonts/NeueHaasUnica/NeueHaasUnicaW05-Medium.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Raleway&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_vcEkd7i_Incn87642qE_KFR76eQLlv2mABpI8kPnW6A.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=icbs&amp;include=eJx1kutuwyAMhV8oKY8UGfASNgcz22Ttnn7kUkVptT_I-vDlcAx8wn0ghoji4IxvNgl7j9IphwQ0zBgTDJTyl7p31NJxxk4fajg7D4pdIFB9XOIZVWFE7QILuswyA6Vf7FLw6kZiD7THH8yG0kMI0mYYWOK83Qx7lroUOCvanr7r6Tclb-TaMUZpIi4sMBGOeJQXEBgFyqQuSi1At5Pcai7VU9IJ49GC8J48YR8MdmJ4t25J-KNuO28zx0p4QavPT08yx8MATzxqU6GW8vjS3rDRmfP6qO_aZB_3CFabRf22ipcaXX1rZeE_rqfiNwj8dLKxr0ev1WdYXjpNKLyj0-iJF5SUDbNdNwY5TCzbdxmWtvcIxnJN4bIuWgdFkDAd85Nh7wVyfLpy_gEcCpda_gAZnxD4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_v_Hckv4EsDhy5aLHYFiJubkvVNPtBvZ-gP1X_5ctt_Y.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=icbs&amp;include=eJx1kutuwyAMhV8oKY8UGfASNgcz22Ttnn7kUkVptT_I-vDlcAx8wn0ghoji4IxvNgl7j9IphwQ0zBgTDJTyl7p31NJxxk4fajg7D4pdIFB9XOIZVWFE7QILuswyA6Vf7FLw6kZiD7THH8yG0kMI0mYYWOK83Qx7lroUOCvanr7r6Tclb-TaMUZpIi4sMBGOeJQXEBgFyqQuSi1At5Pcai7VU9IJ49GC8J48YR8MdmJ4t25J-KNuO28zx0p4QavPT08yx8MATzxqU6GW8vjS3rDRmfP6qO_aZB_3CFabRf22ipcaXX1rZeE_rqfiNwj8dLKxr0ev1WdYXjpNKLyj0-iJF5SUDbNdNwY5TCzbdxmWtvcIxnJN4bIuWgdFkDAd85Nh7wVyfLpy_gEcCpda_gAZnxD4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/business-school/sites/default/files/css/css_u1OP6mZOLHEPnff3md_J7LI3oEBV41Nci9KS_h_FjvU.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=icbs&amp;include=eJx1kutuwyAMhV8oKY8UGfASNgcz22Ttnn7kUkVptT_I-vDlcAx8wn0ghoji4IxvNgl7j9IphwQ0zBgTDJTyl7p31NJxxk4fajg7D4pdIFB9XOIZVWFE7QILuswyA6Vf7FLw6kZiD7THH8yG0kMI0mYYWOK83Qx7lroUOCvanr7r6Tclb-TaMUZpIi4sMBGOeJQXEBgFyqQuSi1At5Pcai7VU9IJ49GC8J48YR8MdmJ4t25J-KNuO28zx0p4QavPT08yx8MATzxqU6GW8vjS3rDRmfP6qO_aZB_3CFabRf22ipcaXX1rZeE_rqfiNwj8dLKxr0ev1WdYXjpNKLyj0-iJF5SUDbNdNwY5TCzbdxmWtvcIxnJN4bIuWgdFkDAd85Nh7wVyfLpy_gEcCpda_gAZnxD4" /> <script src="/business-school/core/assets/vendor/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?v=3.11.7"></script> </head> <body class="path-node page-node-type-flexible-page-builder"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLPNR5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper"> <div id="page" class="page page--flexible-page-builder"> <header id="header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header"> <div class="section layout-container clearfix"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="region__outer"> <div id="js-header-region-inner" class="region__inner"> <div class="c-site-branding"> <a href="/business-school/" title="Home" class="c-site-branding__site-logo" rel="home" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/logo.svg" alt="Home" id="site-logo--static" /> <div id="site-logo--animated"></div> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondarytopnavigation-menu" id="block-secondarytopnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary-top-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarytopnavigation-menu">Secondary Top Navigation</h2> <ul class="menu secondary-top-navigation"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/news/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> News <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/blogs/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Blogs <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/events/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Events <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/" data-drupal-link-system-path=""> Corporate Relations <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-search-block-header" class="block block-icbs-search block-search-block block--"> <button type="button" aria-label="Toggle search box" class="button button--header icbs-search-drawer__button js-drawer-search-toggle"> <i class="fa fa-times js-drawer-search-toggle search--close"></i> <i class="fa fa-search js-drawer-search-toggle search--open"></i> <span class="js-drawer-search-toggle search--open">Search</span> <span class="js-drawer-search-toggle search--close">Close</span> </button> <div style="display:none;"> <div id="js-icbs-search-drawer" class="icbs-search-drawer"> <form class="search-form" data-drupal-selector="search-form" novalidate="novalidate" action="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" method="post" id="search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-search-textfield form-item-search-textfield form-no-label"> <label for="edit-search-textfield" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-textfield" type="text" id="edit-search-textfield" name="search_textfield" value="" size="64" maxlength="64" placeholder="Type your query here..." class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-dv4nczmu1nnk14pyhj4dedd7uvpittzlxnkvxpdydao" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-Dv4NCzMU1nnK14PYhj4dedD7UvpITtZlxNkvXPdydao" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_form" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" id="js-drawer-menu-toggle" aria-label="Toggle menu" class="button button--header region-header__drawer-menu-toggle js-drawer-menu-toggle"> Menu <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-megamenu" class="block block-icbs-navigation block-main-menu-block block--"> <div class="megamenu-container"> <nav class="megamenu"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-0" data-menu-level="0"> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About us</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/rankings-facts-and-figures/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5388">Rankings, facts and figures</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/history/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">History</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4763">Leadership</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/publications/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8">Publications</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/global-initiatives/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Global Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/giving/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Giving</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/culture-and-inclusion/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6578">Culture and inclusion</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/job-opportunities/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Job opportunities</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/professional-staff/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Professional staff</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/careers/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3453">Careers</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/idea-lab/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6472">IDEA Lab</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/living-london/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Living in London</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/locations/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Locations</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/about-us/contact-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3446">Contact us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6282">MBA</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/full-time-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/968">Full-Time MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/global-online-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2387">Global Online MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/weekend-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2271">Weekend MBA</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/mba/executive-mba/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1107">Executive MBA</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/mba/connect/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6340">Connect with us</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/mba/compare/?compare%5B0%5D=1&amp;compare%5B1%5D=2&amp;compare%5B2%5D=3&amp;compare%5B3%5D=4" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-query="{&quot;compare&quot;:[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;2&quot;,&quot;3&quot;,&quot;4&quot;]}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6283">Compare our MBA programmes</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/our-students/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6302">Our students</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" class="megamenu__link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6284">The Imperial advantage</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/advisory-board/" class="megamenu__link">Advisory Board</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/mba/company-sponsorship/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6965">Company sponsorship</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming MBA event </a> <a href="/business-school/mba/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--active-trail js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" title="MSc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Masters&#039;</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Finance Masters&#039;</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1879">MSc Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/finance-accounting/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2563">MSc Finance &amp; Accounting</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/financial-technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2480">MSc Financial Technology</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/investment-wealth-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2594">MSc Investment &amp; Wealth Management</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/risk-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2672">MSc Risk Management &amp; Financial Engineering</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/compare-finance-masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6311">Compare our Finance Masters&#039;</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Management Masters&#039;</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6757">MSc in Management (MiM)</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/economics-strategy-business/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2769">MSc Economics &amp; Strategy for Business</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/strategic-marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2779">MSc Strategic Marketing</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/strategic-marketing-online/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6319">MSc Strategic Marketing (online, part-time)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">Specialised Masters&#039;</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/business-analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2870">MSc Business Analytics</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/business-analytics-online/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6341">MSc Business Analytics (online, part-time)</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/climate-change-management-finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2896">MSc Climate Change, Management &amp; Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/innovation-entrepreneurship-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2891">MSc Innovation, Entrepreneurship &amp; Management</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/global-health-management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2904">MSc Global Health Management</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6305">All MSc programmes</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/connect/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6435">Connect with us</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/our-students/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6302">Our students</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--active-trail"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/" class="megamenu__link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6284">The Imperial advantage</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/masters/extended-term/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6774">Extended term</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/advisory-board/" class="megamenu__link">Advisory Board</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming MSc event </a> <a href="/business-school/masters/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6323">Undergraduate</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5708">BSc Economics, Finance and Data Science</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/how-to-apply/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5709">Admissions</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/funding-scholarships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6066">Funding and scholarships</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/careers/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5715">Careers</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/class-profile/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6500">Class profile</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/economics-finance-data-science/student-experience/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5712">Student experience</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/joint-honours/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3270">Joint Honours</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/intercalated/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3278">Intercalated BSc</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/bpes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3263">BPES modules</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/undergraduate/biomedical-technology-ventures/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6022">BSc Biomedical Technology Ventures</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/meet-us/" class="button button--cta "> Register for an upcoming event </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/phd/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3081">PhD</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/admissions/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3124">Admissions</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/funding-scholarships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3151">Funding and scholarships</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/career-impact/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3172">Career impact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3960">Analytics &amp; Operations</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/economics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3981">Economics &amp; Public Policy</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3982">Finance</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6856">Management &amp; Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3984">Marketing</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/phd/brochure/" class="button button--cta "> Download brochure </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3578">Faculty &amp; Research</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3579">Faculty</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/people/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1529">People</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/honorary-fellows/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4260">Honorary Fellows</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/faculty/join-imperial/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3580">Join Imperial</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1596">Academic areas</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/analytics-operations/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2963">Analytics &amp; Operations</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/economics-public-policy/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2872">Economics &amp; Public Policy</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2842">Finance</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/management-entrepreneurship/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2873">Management &amp; Entrepreneurship</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/academic-areas/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2964">Marketing</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1908">Research Centres</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/brevan-howard-centre-financial-analysis/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/137">Brevan Howard Centre for Financial Analysis</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-climate-finance-investment/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139">Centre for Climate Finance &amp; Investment</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-digital-transformation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4945">Centre for Digital Transformation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-financial-technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Centre for Financial Technology</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-health-economics-policy-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/404">Centre for Health Economics &amp; Policy Innovation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-responsible-leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4373">Centre for Responsible Leadership</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/gandhi-centre-inclusive-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/520">Gandhi Centre for Inclusive Innovation</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/imperial-business-design-studio/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4122">Imperial Business Design Studio</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/leonardo-centre-business-society/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3571">Leonardo Centre on Business for Society</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1906">Our Research</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/coronavirus-covid-19-related-research/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4431">Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related research</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/phd/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3081">Doctoral Programme</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3454">IB Knowledge</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/research-impact/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1911">Research impact</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/research-support/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3368">Research Support</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/faculty-research/our-research/publications/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6088">Publications</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1111">Executive Education</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5418">Apprenticeship programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/data-analytics/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6382">Data &amp; Analytics</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/healthcare/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6398">Healthcare</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Leadership</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/apprenticeship-programmes/testimonials/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1540">Testimonials</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/short-courses/" title="All categories" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2361">Short executive programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/technology-analytics-data/" title="Technology, analytics and data science" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2525">Technology &amp; Analytics</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/marketing-innovation-strategy/" title="Marketing, innovation &amp; strategy" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2529">Marketing &amp; Strategy</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/sustainability-climate/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2569">Sustainability &amp; Climate</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/finance-economics/" title="Finance" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2447">Finance &amp; Economics</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/healthcare/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6074">Healthcare</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6075">Leadership</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4308">Custom programmes</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/why-imperial/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/465">Why Imperial ?</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/approach/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5931">Our approach</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/contact-us/custom-programmes-enquiries/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2574">Book a free consultation</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/custom-programmes/testimonials/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4196">Testimonials</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/associate-alumni/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5156">Associate Alumni</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/events/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4282">Events &amp; webinars</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/faqs/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3383">FAQs</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/about-us/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2609">About us</a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/contact-us/" class="button button--cta "> Contact us </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3454">IB Knowledge</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/entrepreneurship-innovation/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3411">Entrepreneurship &amp; Innovation</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/finance/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3412">Finance</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/technology/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3416">Technology</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/management/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3413">Management</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/marketing/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3415">Marketing</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/health/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3414">Health</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/ib-knowledge/strategy-leadership/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3410">Strategy &amp; Leadership</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="megamenu__item js-has-megamenu"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3436">Alumni</a> <div class="megamenu__container"> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22">Stay Connected</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/frequently-asked-questions/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64">FAQs</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/alumni/imperial-plexus/" class="megamenu__link">Alumni Log-In</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/alumni-advisory-council/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23">Alumni Advisory Council</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/alumni-profiles/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2463">Alumni Profiles</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-3" data-menu-level="3"> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/alumni-social-media-groups/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Alumni Social Media Groups</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/business-directory/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39">Alumni Business Directory</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/why-alumni-give/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Why Alumni Give</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/stay-connected/magazines-and-enewsletters/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Magazines &amp; eNewsletters</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/get-involved/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42">Get Involved</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/get-involved/volunteering/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43">Volunteering</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/corporate-relations/corporate-partnerships/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/53">Business Services</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47">Keep Learning</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/professional-interest-networks/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48">Professional Interest Networks</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/electives/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49">Electives</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/keep-learning/professional-development-webinars/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50">Professional Development Webinars</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/executive-education/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1111">Executive Education</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-1" data-menu-level="1"> <li class="megamenu__item megamenu__item--highlighted"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">Career Support</a> <ul class="menu megamenu__level-2" data-menu-level="2"> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/jobs-board/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Jobs Board</a> </li> <li class="megamenu__item"> <a href="/business-school/alumni/career-support/student-services/" class="megamenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63">Student Services</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-ctas"> <a href="/business-school/giving/" class="button button--cta "> Donate to Imperial </a> <a href="https://imperial.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5gsYbX2KlJQReCh?Q_JFE=qdg" class="button button--cta "> Update your details </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="drawer-menu__wrapper"> <div class="drawer-menu__buttons"> <button type="button" disabled aria-label="Go back a level" class=" drawer-menu__back-link js-drawer-submenu-reset"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Menu </button> <button type="button" aria-label="Close menu" class="button button--header js-drawer-menu-toggle"><i class="fa fa-times js-drawer-menu-toggle"></i></button> </div> <nav class="drawer-menu" id="drawer-ajax-content"> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="page-header-wrapper" class="layout-page-header layout-container clearfix"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block block--"> <nav class="breadcrumb" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/business-school/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/business-school/masters/">Masters&#039;</a> </li> <li> The Imperial advantage </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <main role="main" id="main-wrapper" class="clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main"> <div id="content" class="flexible-page-builder column main-content"> <div class="section content"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-icbs-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block block--"> <article class="node node--type-flexible-page-builder node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content_flexible_page_builder"> <header class="c-flexible-hero c-flexible-hero--cta c-flexible-hero--default"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__hero"> <figure class="c-flexible-hero__media"> <div class="field field--name-field-main-hero field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_27_17_800w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.webp?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=KDvRAIpm 800w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1100w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.webp?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BsOQyhsU 1100w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1400w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.webp?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BdRt72y_ 1400w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1920w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.webp?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=jPnQllal 1920w" type="image/webp" sizes="100vw" width="800" height="600"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_27_17_800w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=KDvRAIpm 800w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1100w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BsOQyhsU 1100w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1400w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BdRt72y_ 1400w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1920w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=jPnQllal 1920w" type="image/png" sizes="100vw" width="800" height="600"/> <img loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_27_17_800w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=KDvRAIpm 800w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1100w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BsOQyhsU 1100w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1400w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BdRt72y_ 1400w, /business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1920w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=jPnQllal 1920w" sizes="100vw" width="800" height="600" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/wide_16_5_1100w/public/2023-07/microsoftteams-image.png?h=4a7d1ed4&amp;itok=BsOQyhsU" alt="&quot;.&quot;" /> </picture> </div> </figure> <div class="c-flexible-hero__text"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__cta"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__wrapper"> <a href="/business-school/programmes/brochures/" class="c-flexible-hero__cta__link c-flexible-hero__cta__link--white" >Request a brochure</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-flexible-hero__header"> <div class="c-flexible-hero__wrapper"> <h1 class="c-flexible-hero__title">Imperial advantage</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <nav aria-label="Page Contents" role="navigation" class="sticky-subnav sticky-subnav--white"> <div class="sticky-subnav__container"> <div class="sticky-subnav__active"></div> <button class="sticky-subnav__toggle" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sticky-subnav">Show page contents</button> <div class="sticky-subnav__nav-container"> <div id="sticky-subnav" class="sticky-subnav__nav nav"> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#overview"><span id="label-overview">Overview</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#what-our-students-say"><span id="label-what-our-students-say">What our students say</span></a> <a class="sticky-subnav__link nav-link" href="#explore-more"><span id="label-explore-more">London and the Imperial ecosystem</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <section id="overview" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-overview" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--text-statistics paragraph--view-mode--default text-statistics" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <div class="text-statistics__text"> <div class="field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="text-formatted "> <h2>Where worlds collide</h2> <p>Traditionally, academic disciplines have been considered - and taught - as separate entities. At Imperial, we strongly believe that creativity and innovation thrive best in a collaborative environment. That’s why our teaching is interdisciplinary.  </p> <p>We know that schools of thought overlap, interact and collide to create new and unexpected results. We see this in the way that business interacts with technology, the connection between planet and profit, society and data and health and wealth. This forms part of our mission at Imperial to educate and inspire talented students to find solutions to the world’s grand challenges. </p> <p>Are you ready to create a lasting impact to benefit future generations? </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-statistics__statistics"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--statistics flexible-statistics flexible-statistics--type-text-statistics"> <div class="flexible-statistics__wrapper"> <div class="flexible-statistics__container"> <div class="flexible-statistics__statistics"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--statistics-item flexible-statistic__item"> <div class="flexible-statistic__stat"> 2nd </div> <div class="flexible-statistic__description"> in the world (Imperial College London, QS World University Rankings 2025) </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--statistics-item flexible-statistic__item"> <div class="flexible-statistic__stat"> 3rd </div> <div class="flexible-statistic__description"> in Europe (Imperial College London, Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2025) </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--statistics-item flexible-statistic__item"> <div class="flexible-statistic__stat"> #1 </div> <div class="flexible-statistic__description"> city for students (London, QS Best Student City Rankings 2025) </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </article> </div> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--featured-media-content paragraph--view-mode--default featured-media"> <figure class="featured-media__media"> <div class="field field--name-poster field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/featured_media/public/brightcove/videos/images/posters/image_972.jpg?h=c673cd1c&amp;itok=wtFIO9Ps" width="1070" height="604" class="image-style-featured-media" /> </div> <div class="featured-media__media__watch"> <button href="/business-school/brightcove-video-modal/1170" data-lity class="featured-media__media__watch__button" aria-label="Play video Where Worlds Collide in a Modal Dialog window."></button> </div> </figure> <div class="featured-media__content"> <div class="featured-media__text"> Hear how Imperial has given our students a unique learning experience </div> </div> <div class="featured-media__animation" data-aos="reveal-up" data-aos-duration="1200"></div> </article> </div> </section> <section id="what-our-students-say" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-what-our-students-say" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-white paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="paragraph paragraph--testimonial-quote testimonial--colour--blue-light testimonial--style--square-outline testimonial"> <div class="testimonial__heading__animation" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-duration="1200" data-aos-delay="300"> <h2 class="testimonial__heading">What our students say</h2> </div> <div class="testimonial__container" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-duration="1200"> <figure class="testimonial__image"> <img class="restricted-width-border" alt="" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/testimonial_square_image/public/2021-09/New%20headshot%20cropped.png.webp?itok=8i0v_8qs" /> </figure> <div class="testimonial__quote"> <blockquote class="testimonial__quote__container"> “Prior to joining the Business School, I knew I would be surrounded by an inspiring faculty and peers. Everyone at the Business School are innovators and change makers. This rubs off on you in many ways and is so valuable for personal and professional growth. It is a rare and unique environment to be part of and contributes to the Business School’s intrinsic value.” </blockquote> </div> <div class="testimonial__description"> <div class="testimonial__description__container"> <div class="testimonial__description__container__inner"> <div class="testimonial__description__details"> <div class="testimonial__name">Tom Kan</div> <div class="testimonial__class">MSc Investment &amp; Wealth Management 2021</div> <div class="testimonial__position">Private Equity Real Estate Intern, Europa Capital</div> </div> <a class="testimonial__link link--arrow" href="/business-school/programmes/our-students/" >Hear more from our students</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"> <article class="blogs-listing"> <div class="blogs-listing__items"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-flexible-blog-listings view-id-flexible_blog_listings view-display-id-listing_1 js-view-dom-id-a13da39dd4b3315ac2e557e7b5b33a36f003c11748a9a72d633df8201704dc78"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="listing-blocks listing-blocks--grid"> <div class="listing-blocks__animation" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300"> <article class="node node--type-flexible-blog node--view-mode-flexible-page-builder blog-listing-item"> <div class="blog-listing-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/NYC%20Networking%20Event.webp?h=c238b06c&amp;itok=zVzOIwsX 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-12/NYC%20Networking%20Event.webp?h=c238b06c&amp;itok=cQ1jFSip 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="315"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/NYC%20Networking%20Event.jpg?h=c238b06c&amp;itok=zVzOIwsX 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-12/NYC%20Networking%20Event.jpg?h=c238b06c&amp;itok=cQ1jFSip 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="315"/> <img loading="eager" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/NYC%20Networking%20Event.jpg?h=c238b06c&amp;itok=zVzOIwsX" width="560" height="448" alt="Networking event in New York City with Global Online MBA students and alumni from across Imperial" /> </picture> <div class="blog-listing-item__details blog-listing-item__details--full"><time datetime="2024-12-20T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">20 December 2024</time> Student blog</div> </div> <div class="blog-listing-item__content"> <h3 id="blog-title-7001" class="blog-listing-item__title">The power of networking on Imperial&#039;s Global Online MBA</h3> <div class="blog-listing-item__summary"><p>Tanya Yeremeyeva, Alexander Vassiliadis and Antonio Peralta Valadez reflect on the importance of building connections with your online and local Imperial communities as a Global Online MBA student.</p> </div> <a aria-label="Read more about The power of networking on Imperial&amp;#039;s Global Online MBA" class="blog-listing-item__link link--arrow" href="/business-school/blogs/student-blog/the-power-networking-imperials-global-online-mba/" rel="bookmark">Read more</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-blocks__animation" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="600"> <article class="node node--type-flexible-blog node--view-mode-flexible-page-builder blog-listing-item"> <div class="blog-listing-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/Richard%20Boyd%20Header%20image_0.webp?h=4c56158d&amp;itok=Bin_tqJd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-12/Richard%20Boyd%20Header%20image_0.webp?h=4c56158d&amp;itok=n-ZfI1hy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="315"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/Richard%20Boyd%20Header%20image_0.jpeg?h=4c56158d&amp;itok=Bin_tqJd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-12/Richard%20Boyd%20Header%20image_0.jpeg?h=4c56158d&amp;itok=n-ZfI1hy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="315"/> <img loading="eager" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-12/Richard%20Boyd%20Header%20image_0.jpeg?h=4c56158d&amp;itok=Bin_tqJd" width="560" height="448" alt="EMBA HK Residency trip 2024" /> </picture> <div class="blog-listing-item__details blog-listing-item__details--full"><time datetime="2024-12-12T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">12 December 2024</time> Student blog</div> </div> <div class="blog-listing-item__content"> <h3 id="blog-title-6969" class="blog-listing-item__title">Doing business with China: my Executive MBA international residency week</h3> <div class="blog-listing-item__summary"><p>Richard Boyd, one of our Executive MBA students, reflects on his international residency trip to China.</p> </div> <a aria-label="Read more about Doing business with China: my Executive MBA international residency week" class="blog-listing-item__link link--arrow" href="/business-school/blogs/student-blog/doing-business-china-my-executive-mba-international-residency-week/" rel="bookmark">Read more</a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="listing-blocks__animation" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="900"> <article class="node node--type-blog node--view-mode-flexible-page-builder blog-listing-item"> <div class="blog-listing-item__media"> <picture> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-11/Bogosi%20and%20George%20team.webp?h=3dbd9eac&amp;itok=hyDewX0d 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-11/Bogosi%20and%20George%20team.webp?h=3dbd9eac&amp;itok=qjLyCSIj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/webp" width="560" height="315"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-11/Bogosi%20and%20George%20team.JPG?h=3dbd9eac&amp;itok=hyDewX0d 1x" media="all and (min-width: 840px)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="448"/> <source srcset="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_16x9_560/public/2024-11/Bogosi%20and%20George%20team.JPG?h=3dbd9eac&amp;itok=qjLyCSIj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 0)" type="image/jpeg" width="560" height="315"/> <img loading="eager" src="/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-11/Bogosi%20and%20George%20team.JPG?h=3dbd9eac&amp;itok=hyDewX0d" width="560" height="448" alt="Bogosi Shashane and George Dear Winning Team, Imperial Innovation Challenge 2024" /> </picture> <div class="blog-listing-item__details blog-listing-item__details--full"><time datetime="2024-11-22T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">22 November 2024</time> Student blog</div> </div> <div class="blog-listing-item__content"> <h3 id="blog-title-6945" class="blog-listing-item__title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Reflecting on the Imperial Innovation Challenge with our Full-Time MBA students</span> </h3> <div class="blog-listing-item__summary"><p>We recently caught up with George Dear, Bogosi Shashane and Sophie Anzarouth, winners of the Imperial Innovation Challenge 2024, who give us an insight into the week and how deepened their understanding of the business-technology relationship.</p> </div> <a aria-label="Read more about Reflecting on the Imperial Innovation Challenge with our Full-Time MBA students" class="blog-listing-item__link link--arrow" href="/business-school/blogs/student-blog/reflecting-the-imperial-innovation-challenge-our-full-time-mba-students/" rel="bookmark">Read more</a> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/programmes/student-blog/" class="blogs-listing__link">Browse student blogs</a> </article> </div> </section> <section id="explore-more" role="region" aria-labelledby="label-explore-more" class="paragraph paragraph--full-width-section paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph--section--colour--section-silver paragraph--section--padding--default-padding sticky-subnav-section"> <div class="flexible-paragraph-component"><article class="paragraph paragraph--explore-more paragraph--view-mode--default explore-more"> <div class="explore-more__title"> <h2>Life at Imperial. Be inspired.</h2> </div><div class="explore-more__items"> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/london/" > <div class="flexible-cta__content"> <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">London experience</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>The Imperial College London campus in South Kensington places you in one of the most attractive and culturally vibrant areas of London, whilst our new campus in White City has been designed with innovation and entrepreneurship in mind, with state-of-the-art facilities built for collaboration. </p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="600"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/programmes/imperial-advantage/ecosystem/" > <div class="flexible-cta__content"> <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">Imperial ecosystem</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>A big part of your experience will be about your experience outside of the classroom. With a huge variety of careers clubs and student-led societies, there is a niche for every student.</p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </div> </a> </article> </div> <div class="explore-more__item" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="900"> <article class="flexible-cta"> <a class="flexible-cta__card" href="/business-school/programmes/online-experience/" > <div class="flexible-cta__content"> <h3 class="flexible-cta__heading">Online learning</h3> <div class="flexible-cta__description"> <p>Find out more about our bespoke learning platform for online programmes.</p> </div> <span class="flexible-cta__icon"></span> </div> </a> </article> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="featured-bottom"> <aside class="layout-container clearfix" role="complementary"> </aside> </div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer"> <div class="layout-container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div class="c-footer-college-links block"> <div class="c-footer-college-links__link c-footer-college-links__link--logo"> <a href="/business-school/"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/icbs-logo-footer.png" alt="Imperial College Business School" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="c-footer-college-links__link c-footer-college-links__link--text-logo"> <a href="https://imperial.ac.uk"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/ic-logo-footer.svg" alt="Imperial College London" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="c-footer-address block"> <h2>Find us</h2> <div class="c-footer-address__inner"> <h3>Imperial College Business School</h3> <address>Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom</address> </div> </div> <div id="block-footer-social-media" class="block-social-media-links block block-social-media-links-block block--"> <h2>Connect with us</h2> <div class="c-social-links "> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--linkedin"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/2661479" aria-label="LinkedIn"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-linkedin-in i-linkedin'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--twitter"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.twitter.com/ImperialBiz" aria-label="Twitter"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-x-twitter i-twitter'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--facebook"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/imperialbusiness" aria-label="Facebook"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-facebook-f i-facebook'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--instagram"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/imperialbiz" aria-label="Instagram"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-instagram i-instagram'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--youtube"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ICBusinessSchool" aria-label="Youtube"> <span class='icbs-fa fab fa-youtube i-youtube'></span> </a> </div> <div class="c-social-link c-social-link--e-mail"> <a class="c-social-link__icon" href="mailto:info@icbs.biz" aria-label="E-Mail"> <span class='icbs-fa fas fa-envelope i-email'></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations block"> <h2>Accreditations</h2> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__items"> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/aacsb.png" alt="AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/amba.png" alt="AMBAs (Association of MBAs) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/athena.png" alt="Athena SWAN (Scientific Women&#039;s Academic Network) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="c-footer-accreditations__item"> <img src="/business-school/themes/custom/icbs/images/accreditations/equis.png" alt="EFMD EQUIS (European Foundation for Management Development - Quality Improvement System) accreditation" loading="lazy"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__bottom"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <div class="region__outer"> <div class="region__inner"> <div id="block-footercopyright" class="block block-icbs-globals block-footer-copyright block--"> <div class="footer-copyright">&copy; 2025 Imperial College London</div> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-icbs-footer-menu" id="block-icbs-footer" class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-icbs-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/sitemap" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/glossary/" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/512">Glossary</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/accessibility/" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3794">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about-the-site/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://imperial.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Np7BJAXlkiHpid">Feedback</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/business-school/user/login" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/business-school\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/6284","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"ajax_loader\/ajax_loader.throbber,classy\/base,classy\/messages,classy\/node,core\/normalize,icbs\/aos,icbs\/blogs-listing,icbs\/featured-media,icbs\/flexible-cta,icbs\/flexible-hero,icbs\/flexible-statistic,icbs\/flexible-statistics,icbs\/flexible-testimonial-quote,icbs\/footer-accreditation,icbs\/footer-address,icbs\/footer-college-links,icbs\/global,icbs\/hoverintent,icbs\/link,icbs\/site-branding,icbs\/social-link,icbs\/social-links,icbs\/sticky-subnav,icbs\/text,icbs\/text-statistics,icbs_globals\/anchor_link_validator,icbs_globals\/iconset,icbs_globals\/ie_popup,icbs_globals\/options_search,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,social_media_links\/social_media_links.theme,system\/base,views\/views.ajax,views\/views.module","theme":"icbs","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"ajaxLoader":{"markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022ajax-throbber sk-bounce\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-bounce-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-bounce-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E","hideAjaxMessage":true,"alwaysFullscreen":true,"throbberPosition":"body"},"breakpoints":{"icbs.xs":"all and (min-width: 0)","icbs.sm":"all and (min-width: 576px)","icbs.md":"all and (min-width: 840px)","icbs.lg":"all and (min-width: 1060px)","icbs.xl":"all and (min-width: 1240px)"},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/business-school\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:a13da39dd4b3315ac2e557e7b5b33a36f003c11748a9a72d633df8201704dc78":{"view_name":"flexible_blog_listings","view_display_id":"listing_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/node\/6284","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"a13da39dd4b3315ac2e557e7b5b33a36f003c11748a9a72d633df8201704dc78","pager_element":0,"viewsreference":{"data":{"blog_type":{"8":"8"},"pager":"some"},"enabled_settings":{"academic_area":"academic_area","audience":"audience","blog_author":"blog_author","blog_type":"blog_type","centre":"centre","event_areas":"event_areas","event_filters":"event_filters","key_theme":"key_theme","key_topics":"key_topics","knowledge_filters":"knowledge_filters","programme":"programme","subject":"subject","pager":"pager"},"parent_entity_type":"paragraph","parent_entity_id":"43915","parent_field_name":"field_blog_listing"}}}},"brightcove_players":{"1170":{"video_id":"1170","player_id":"c8PaMr3dQ","bc_video_id":"6312260384112"}},"browserIs":"OTHERS","user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"480aaf810d464e7aa2d30a8fd9582f6595c8f9506f925cab9e1de270666cbd55"}}</script> <script src="/business-school/sites/default/files/js/js_eOV9uAp7qiNOTJWGxoFpinPYhSUBh3wPobTH2pdzkas.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=icbs&amp;include=eJx1kutuwyAMhV8oKY8UGfASNgcz22Ttnn7kUkVptT_I-vDlcAx8wn0ghoji4IxvNgl7j9IphwQ0zBgTDJTyl7p31NJxxk4fajg7D4pdIFB9XOIZVWFE7QILuswyA6Vf7FLw6kZiD7THH8yG0kMI0mYYWOK83Qx7lroUOCvanr7r6Tclb-TaMUZpIi4sMBGOeJQXEBgFyqQuSi1At5Pcai7VU9IJ49GC8J48YR8MdmJ4t25J-KNuO28zx0p4QavPT08yx8MATzxqU6GW8vjS3rDRmfP6qO_aZB_3CFabRf22ipcaXX1rZeE_rqfiNwj8dLKxr0ev1WdYXjpNKLyj0-iJF5SUDbNdNwY5TCzbdxmWtvcIxnJN4bIuWgdFkDAd85Nh7wVyfLpy_gEcCpda_gAZnxD4"></script> <script src="/business-school/sites/default/files/js/js_elSXCtGssYow0K_PodP6Mf69eF_XqohghjKWV6qI9Z4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=icbs&amp;include=eJx1kutuwyAMhV8oKY8UGfASNgcz22Ttnn7kUkVptT_I-vDlcAx8wn0ghoji4IxvNgl7j9IphwQ0zBgTDJTyl7p31NJxxk4fajg7D4pdIFB9XOIZVWFE7QILuswyA6Vf7FLw6kZiD7THH8yG0kMI0mYYWOK83Qx7lroUOCvanr7r6Tclb-TaMUZpIi4sMBGOeJQXEBgFyqQuSi1At5Pcai7VU9IJ49GC8J48YR8MdmJ4t25J-KNuO28zx0p4QavPT08yx8MATzxqU6GW8vjS3rDRmfP6qO_aZB_3CFabRf22ipcaXX1rZeE_rqfiNwj8dLKxr0ev1WdYXjpNKLyj0-iJF5SUDbNdNwY5TCzbdxmWtvcIxnJN4bIuWgdFkDAd85Nh7wVyfLpy_gEcCpda_gAZnxD4"></script> <!-- Start UniBuddy --> <script> window.unibuddySettings = { uni_id: 'imperial-college-london', colour: '0abea2', domain: 'https://popcard.unibuddy.co/', title: 'Unibuddy Popcard', align: 'right', ubLang: 'en-GB', ubCookieConsent: 'necessary', }; </script><script async defer src="https://traffic-drivers.unibuddy.co/chat-bubble/embed.js"></script><!-- End Unibuddy --> <!-- Start of HubSpot Embed Code --> <script id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="//js.hs-scripts.com/5653437.js"></script> <!-- End of HubSpot Embed Code --> <!-- Hotjar Tracking Code for https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/ --> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:3070969,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <!-- End of Hotjar Tracking Code for https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/ --> </js-bottom-placeholder> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-dc31a2b6da7019ef036","applicationID":"1036991138","transactionName":"YlBQMkBXCxJSVBIMDVsacwVGXwoPHHMUEBJUWW4IXVIAPXBYCBEQWlleA0BqKw5XUjAMB0J2XQhGRAoNX1IUSFxDXFcR","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1417,"atts":"ThdTRAhNGBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10