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Bhaumik</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Swapan Bhaumik"> <meta name="keywords" content="Swapan Bhaumik"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Swapan Bhaumik"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Swapan Bhaumik</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Study of Microstructure of Weldment Obtained by Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) on IS 2062 Grade B Mild Steel Plate at Zero Degree Celsius</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Biswas">Ajay Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Bhaumik"> Swapan Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Bhowmik"> Abhijit Bhowmik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present experiment has been carried out to study the microstructure of weldment obtained by submerged arc welding on mild steel plate at zero degree Celsius. To study this, bead on plate welding is done by submerged arc welding on the sample plate of heavy duty mild steel of designation IS 2062 grade B, fitted on the special fixture ensuring the plate temperature at zero degree Celsius. Sixteen numbers of such samples are welded by varying the most influencing parameters viz. travel speed, voltage, wire feed rate and electrode stick-out at four different levels. Taguchi’s design of experiment is applied by selecting Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array to restrict the number of experimental runs. Cross sectioned samples are polished and etched to view the weldment. Finally, different zone of the weldment is observed by optical microscope. From the type of microstructure of weldment it is concluded that submerged arc welding is feasible at zero degree Celsius on mild steel plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Submerged%20Arc%20Welding" title="Submerged Arc Welding">Submerged Arc Welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20degree%20Celsius" title=" zero degree Celsius"> zero degree Celsius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%E2%80%99s%20design%20of%20experiment" title=" Taguchi’s design of experiment"> Taguchi’s design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20of%20weldment" title=" microstructure of weldment"> microstructure of weldment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20873/study-of-microstructure-of-weldment-obtained-by-submerged-arc-welding-saw-on-is-2062-grade-b-mild-steel-plate-at-zero-degree-celsius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Study of the Feasibility of Submerged Arc Welding(SAW) on Mild Steel Plate IS 2062 Grade B at Zero Degree Celsius</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Biswas">Ajay Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Bhaumik"> Swapan Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurav%20Datta"> Saurav Datta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Bhowmik"> Abhijit Bhowmik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of experiments has been carried out to study the feasibility of submerged arc welding (SAW) on mild steel plate of designation IS 2062 grade B. Specimen temperature of which is reduced to zero degree Celsius whereas the ambient temperature is about 25-27 degree Celsius. To observe this, bead on plate submerged arc welding is formed on the specimen plate of heavy duty mild steel of designation IS 2062 grade B, fitted on the special fixture ensuring zero degree Celsius temperature to the specimen plate. Sixteen numbers of cold samples is welded by varying the most influencing parameters viz. voltage, wire feed rate, travel speed, and electrode stick-out at four different levels. Another sixteen numbers of specimens are at normal room temperature are welded by applying same combination of parameters. Those sixteen numbers of specimens are selected based on the design of experiment of Taguchi‘s L16 orthogonal array with the intension of reducing the number of experimental runs. Different attributes of bead geometry of the entire sample for both the situations are measured and compared. It is established that submerged arc welding is feasible at zero degree Celsius on mild steel plate of designation IS 2062 grade B and optimization of the process parameters can also be drawn as a clear response of parameters are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title="submerged arc welding">submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20degree%20celsius" title=" zero degree celsius"> zero degree celsius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%E2%80%99s%20design%20of%20experiment" title=" Taguchi’s design of experiment"> Taguchi’s design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20of%20weldment" title=" geometry of weldment"> geometry of weldment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21988/study-of-the-feasibility-of-submerged-arc-weldingsaw-on-mild-steel-plate-is-2062-grade-b-at-zero-degree-celsius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Feasibility Study of Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) on Mild Steel Plate IS 2062 Grade B at Zero Degree Celsius</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Biswas">Ajay Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Bhowmik"> Abhijit Bhowmik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurav%20Datta"> Saurav Datta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Bhaumik"> Swapan Bhaumik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of experiments has been carried out to study the feasibility of submerged arc welding (SAW) on mild steel plate of designation IS 2062 grade B. Specimen temperature of which is reduced to zero degree Celsius whereas the ambient temperature is about 25-27 degree Celsius. To observe this, bead on plate submerged arc welding is formed on the specimen plate of heavy duty mild steel of designation IS 2062 grade B, fitted on the special fixture ensuring zero degree Celsius temperature to the specimen plate. Sixteen numbers of cold samples is welded by varying the most influencing parameters viz. Voltage, wire feed rate, travel speed and electrode stick-out at four different levels. Another sixteen numbers of specimens are at normal room temperature are welded by applying same combination of parameters. Those sixteen numbers of specimens are selected based on the design of experiment of Taguchi‘s L16 orthogonal array with the intension of reducing the number of experimental runs. Different attributes of bead geometry of the entire sample for both the situations are measured and compared. It is established that submerged arc welding is feasible at zero degree Celsius on mild steel plate of designation IS 2062 grade B and optimization of the process parameters can also be drawn as a clear response of parameters are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20of%20weldment" title="geometry of weldment">geometry of weldment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20arc%20welding" title=" submerged arc welding"> submerged arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%E2%80%99s%20design%20of%20experiment" title=" Taguchi’s design of experiment"> Taguchi’s design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20degree%20Celsius" title=" zero degree Celsius"> zero degree Celsius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25708/feasibility-study-of-submerged-arc-welding-saw-on-mild-steel-plate-is-2062-grade-b-at-zero-degree-celsius" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Neuro-Connectivity Analysis Using Abide Data in Autism Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dulal%20Bhaumik">Dulal Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Jie"> Fei Jie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runa%20Bhaumik"> Runa Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikas%20Sinha"> Bikas Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human brain is an amazingly complex network. Aberrant activities in this network can lead to various neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and autism. fMRI has emerged as an important tool to delineate the neural networks affected by such diseases, particularly autism. In this paper, we propose mixed-effects models together with an appropriate procedure for controlling false discoveries to detect disrupted connectivities in whole brain studies. Results are illustrated with a large data set known as Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange or ABIDE which includes 361 subjects from 8 medical centers. We believe that our findings have addressed adequately the small sample inference problem, and thus are more reliable for therapeutic target for intervention. In addition, our result can be used for early detection of subjects who are at high risk of developing neurological disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABIDE" title="ABIDE">ABIDE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title=" autism spectrum disorder"> autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fMRI" title=" fMRI"> fMRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-effects%20model" title=" mixed-effects model"> mixed-effects model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65419/neuro-connectivity-analysis-using-abide-data-in-autism-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Achieving Better Security by Using Nonlinear Cellular Automata as a Cryptographic Primitive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Maiti">Swapan Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipanwita%20Roy%20Chowdhury"> Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear functions are essential in different cryptoprimitives as they play an important role on the security of the cipher designs. Rule 30 was identified as a powerful nonlinear function for cryptographic applications. However, an attack (MS attack) was mounted against Rule 30 Cellular Automata (CA). Nonlinear rules as well as maximum period CA increase randomness property. In this work, nonlinear rules of maximum period nonlinear hybrid CA (M-NHCA) are studied and it is shown to be a better crypto-primitive than Rule 30 CA. It has also been analysed that the M-NHCA with single nonlinearity injection proposed in the literature is vulnerable against MS attack, whereas M-NHCA with multiple nonlinearity injections provide maximum length cycle as well as better cryptographic primitives and they are also secure against MS attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20period%20nonlinear%20CA" title=" maximum period nonlinear CA"> maximum period nonlinear CA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meier%20and%20Staffelbach%20attack" title=" Meier and Staffelbach attack"> Meier and Staffelbach attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20functions" title=" nonlinear functions"> nonlinear functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864/achieving-better-security-by-using-nonlinear-cellular-automata-as-a-cryptographic-primitive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Application of IF Rough Data on Knowledge Towards Malaria of Rural Tribal Communities in Tripura</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chhaya%20Gangwal">Chhaya Gangwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20N.%20Bhaumik"> R. N. Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishir%20Kumar"> Shishir Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Handling uncertainty and impreciseness of knowledge appears to be a challenging task in Information Systems. Intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) and rough set theory enhances databases by allowing it for the management of uncertainty and impreciseness. This paper presents a new efficient query optimization technique for the multi-valued or imprecise IF rough database. The usefulness of this technique was illustrated on malaria knowledge from the rural tribal communities of Tripura where most of the information is multi-valued and imprecise. Then, the querying about knowledge on malaria is executed into SQL server to make the implementation of IF rough data querying simpler. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20set" title="intuitionistic fuzzy set">intuitionistic fuzzy set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20set" title=" rough set"> rough set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20database" title=" relational database"> relational database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IF%20rough%20relational%20database" title=" IF rough relational database"> IF rough relational database</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1814/application-of-if-rough-data-on-knowledge-towards-malaria-of-rural-tribal-communities-in-tripura" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Evaluation of Engineering Cementitious Composites (ECC) with Different Percentage of Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaumik%20Merchant">Bhaumik Merchant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Gelot"> Ajay Gelot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is good in compression but if any type of strain applied to it, it starts to fail. Where the steel is good tension, it can bear the deflection up to its elastic limits. This project is based on behavior of engineered cementitious composited (ECC) when it is replaced with the different amount of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fibers. As for research, PVA fibers is used with cementitious up to 2% to evaluate the optimum amount of fiber on which we can find the maximum compressive, tensile and flexural strength. PVA is basically an adhesive which is used to formulate glue. Generally due to excessive loading, cracks develops which concludes to successive damage to the structural component. In research plasticizer is used to increase workability. With the help of optimum amount of PVA fibers, it can limit the crack widths up to 60µm to 100µm. Also can be used to reduce resources and funds for rehabilitation of structure. At the starting this fiber concrete can be double the cost as compare to conventional concrete but as it can amplify the duration of structure, it will be less costlier than the conventional concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineered%20cementitious%20composites" title=" engineered cementitious composites"> engineered cementitious composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20alcohol%20fibers" title=" polyvinyl alcohol fibers"> polyvinyl alcohol fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation%20of%20structures" title=" rehabilitation of structures"> rehabilitation of structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32436/evaluation-of-engineering-cementitious-composites-ecc-with-different-percentage-of-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Effective Parameter Selection for Audio-Based Music Mood Classification for Christian Kokborok Song: A Regression-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanchali%20Das">Sanchali Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Debbarma"> Swapan Debbarma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music mood classification is developing in both the areas of music information retrieval (MIR) and natural language processing (NLP). Some of the Indian languages like Hindi English etc. have considerable exposure in MIR. But research in mood classification in regional language is very less. In this paper, powerful audio based feature for Kokborok Christian song is identified and mood classification task has been performed. Kokborok is an Indo-Burman language especially spoken in the northeastern part of India and also some other countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar etc. For performing audio-based classification task, useful audio features are taken out by jMIR software. There are some standard audio parameters are there for the audio-based task but as known to all that every language has its unique characteristics. So here, the most significant features which are the best fit for the database of Kokborok song is analysed. The regression-based model is used to find out the independent parameters that act as a predictor and predicts the dependencies of parameters and shows how it will impact on overall classification result. For classification WEKA 3.5 is used, and selected parameters create a classification model. And another model is developed by using all the standard audio features that are used by most of the researcher. In this experiment, the essential parameters that are responsible for effective audio based mood classification and parameters that do not significantly change for each of the Christian Kokborok songs are analysed, and a comparison is also shown between the two above model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Kokborok%20song" title="Christian Kokborok song">Christian Kokborok song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mood%20classification" title=" mood classification"> mood classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20information%20retrieval" title=" music information retrieval"> music information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97113/effective-parameter-selection-for-audio-based-music-mood-classification-for-christian-kokborok-song-a-regression-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Production of Premium Quality Cinnamon Bark Powder Using Cryogenic Grinding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20R.%20Bhoi">Monika R. Bhoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20F.%20Sutar"> R. F. Sutar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaumik%20B.%20Patel"> Bhaumik B. Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research paper is to obtain the premium quality of cinnamon bark powder through cryogenic grinding technology. The effect of grinding temperature (0, -20, -40, -60, -80 and -100˚C), feed rate (8, 9 and 10 kg/h), and sieve size (0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) were evaluated with respect to grinding time, volatile oil content, particle size, energy consumption, and liquid nitrogen consumption. Cryogenic grinding process parameters were optimized to obtain premium quality cinnamon bark powder was carried out using three factorial completely randomized design. The optimization revealed that grinding of cinnamon bark at -80⁰C temperature using 0.8 mm sieve size and 10 kg/h feed rate resulted in premium quality cinnamon bark powder containing volatile oil 3.01%. In addition, volatile oil retention in cryogenically ground powder was 88.23%, whereas control (ambient grinding) had 33.11%. Storage study of premium quality cryogenically ground powder was carried out under accelerated storage conditions (38˚C & 90% R.H). Accelerated storage of cryoground powder was found to be advantageous over the conventional ground for extended storage of the ground cinnamon powder with retention of its nutritional quality. Hence, grinding of spices at optimally low cryogenic temperature is a promising technology for the production of its premium quality powder economically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinnamon%20bark" title="cinnamon bark">cinnamon bark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryogenic%20grinding" title=" cryogenic grinding"> cryogenic grinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20rate" title=" feed rate"> feed rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20oil" title=" volatile oil"> volatile oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136064/production-of-premium-quality-cinnamon-bark-powder-using-cryogenic-grinding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Flexural Behavior of Eco-Friendly Prefabricated Low Cost Bamboo Reinforced Wall Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Puri">Vishal Puri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradipta%20Chakrabortty"> Pradipta Chakrabortty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Majumdar"> Swapan Majumdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precast concrete construction is the most commonly used technique for a rapid construction. This technique is very frequently used in the developed countries. Different guidelines required to utilize the potential of prefabricated construction are still not available in the developing countries. This causes over dependence on in-situ construction procedure which further affects the quality, scheduling, and duration of construction. Also with the ever increasing costs of building materials and their negative impact on the environment it has become imperative to look out for alternate construction materials which are cheap and sustainable. Bamboo and fly ash are alternate construction materials having great potential in the construction industry. Thus there is a great need to develop prefabricated components by utilizing the potential of these materials. Bamboo reinforced beams, bamboo reinforced columns and bamboo arches as researched previously have shown great prospects for prefabricated construction industry. But, many other prefabricated components still need to be studied and widely tested before their utilization in the prefabricated construction industry. In the present study, authors have showcased prefabricated bamboo reinforced wall panel for the prefabricated construction industry. It presents a detailed methodology for the development of such prefabricated panels. It also presents the flexural behavior of such panels as tested under flexural loads following ASTM guidelines. It was observed that these wall panels are much flexible and do not show brittle failure as observed in traditional brick walls. It was observed that prefabricated walls are about 42% cheaper as compared to conventional brick walls. It was also observed that prefabricated walls are considerably lighter in weight and are environment friendly. It was thus concluded that this type of wall panels are an excellent alternative for partition brick walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo" title="bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated%20walls" title=" prefabricated walls"> prefabricated walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20structure" title=" reinforced structure"> reinforced structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20infrastructure" title=" sustainable infrastructure"> sustainable infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54325/flexural-behavior-of-eco-friendly-prefabricated-low-cost-bamboo-reinforced-wall-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> To Ensure Maximum Voter Privacy in E-Voting Using Blockchain, Convolutional Neural Network, and Quantum Key Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaumik%20Tyagi">Bhaumik Tyagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandeep%20Kaur"> Mandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Singla"> Kanika Singla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancement of blockchain has facilitated scholars to remodel e-voting systems for future generations. Server-side attacks like SQL injection attacks and DOS attacks are the most common attacks nowadays, where malicious codes are injected into the system through user input fields by illicit users, which leads to data leakage in the worst scenarios. Besides, quantum attacks are also there which manipulate the transactional data. In order to deal with all the above-mentioned attacks, integration of blockchain, convolutional neural network (CNN), and Quantum Key Distribution is done in this very research. The utilization of blockchain technology in e-voting applications is not a novel concept. But privacy and security issues are still there in a public and private blockchains. To solve this, the use of a hybrid blockchain is done in this research. This research proposed cryptographic signatures and blockchain algorithms to validate the origin and integrity of the votes. The convolutional neural network (CNN), a normalized version of the multilayer perceptron, is also applied in the system to analyze visual descriptions upon registration in a direction to enhance the privacy of voters and the e-voting system. Quantum Key Distribution is being implemented in order to secure a blockchain-based e-voting system from quantum attacks using quantum algorithms. Implementation of e-voting blockchain D-app and providing a proposed solution for the privacy of voters in e-voting using Blockchain, CNN, and Quantum Key Distribution is done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20blockchain" title="hybrid blockchain">hybrid blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20e-voting%20system" title=" secure e-voting system"> secure e-voting system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20key%20distribution" title=" quantum key distribution"> quantum key distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-time%20pad" title=" one-time pad"> one-time pad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160604/to-ensure-maximum-voter-privacy-in-e-voting-using-blockchain-convolutional-neural-network-and-quantum-key-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> A Framework for Auditing Multilevel Models Using Explainability Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debarati%20Bhaumik">Debarati Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diptish%20Dey"> Diptish Dey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilevel models, increasingly deployed in industries such as insurance, food production, and entertainment within functions such as marketing and supply chain management, need to be transparent and ethical. Applications usually result in binary classification within groups or hierarchies based on a set of input features. Using open-source datasets, we demonstrate that popular explainability methods, such as SHAP and LIME, consistently underperform inaccuracy when interpreting these models. They fail to predict the order of feature importance, the magnitudes, and occasionally even the nature of the feature contribution (negative versus positive contribution to the outcome). Besides accuracy, the computational intractability of SHAP for binomial classification is a cause of concern. For transparent and ethical applications of these hierarchical statistical models, sound audit frameworks need to be developed. In this paper, we propose an audit framework for technical assessment of multilevel regression models focusing on three aspects: (i) model assumptions & statistical properties, (ii) model transparency using different explainability methods, and (iii) discrimination assessment. To this end, we undertake a quantitative approach and compare intrinsic model methods with SHAP and LIME. The framework comprises a shortlist of KPIs, such as PoCE (Percentage of Correct Explanations) and MDG (Mean Discriminatory Gap) per feature, for each of these three aspects. A traffic light risk assessment method is furthermore coupled to these KPIs. The audit framework will assist regulatory bodies in performing conformity assessments of AI systems using multilevel binomial classification models at businesses. It will also benefit businesses deploying multilevel models to be future-proof and aligned with the European Commission’s proposed Regulation on Artificial Intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit" title="audit">audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20model" title=" multilevel model"> multilevel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20transparency" title=" model transparency"> model transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20explainability" title=" model explainability"> model explainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150654/a-framework-for-auditing-multilevel-models-using-explainability-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Comparison of Agree Method and Shortest Path Method for Determining the Flow Direction in Basin Morphometric Analysis: Case Study of Lower Tapi Basin, Western India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaypalsinh%20Parmar">Jaypalsinh Parmar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pintu%20Nakrani"> Pintu Nakrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaumik%20Shah"> Bhaumik Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is elevation data of the virtual grid on the ground. DEM can be used in application in GIS such as hydrological modelling, flood forecasting, morphometrical analysis and surveying etc.. For morphometrical analysis the stream flow network plays a very important role. DEM lacks accuracy and cannot match field data as it should for accurate results of morphometrical analysis. The present study focuses on comparing the Agree method and the conventional Shortest path method for finding out morphometric parameters in the flat region of the Lower Tapi Basin which is located in the western India. For the present study, open source SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission with 1 arc resolution) and toposheets issued by Survey of India (SOI) were used to determine the morphometric linear aspect such as stream order, number of stream, stream length, bifurcation ratio, mean stream length, mean bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, length of overland flow, constant of channel maintenance and aerial aspect such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, form factor, circularity ratio, elongation ratio, shape factor and relief aspect such as relief ratio, gradient ratio and basin relief for 53 catchments of Lower Tapi Basin. Stream network was digitized from the available toposheets. Agree DEM was created by using the SRTM and stream network from the toposheets. The results obtained were used to demonstrate a comparison between the two methods in the flat areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agree%20method" title="agree method">agree method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometric%20analysis" title=" morphometric analysis"> morphometric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20Tapi%20basin" title=" lower Tapi basin"> lower Tapi basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortest%20path%20method" title=" shortest path method"> shortest path method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71574/comparison-of-agree-method-and-shortest-path-method-for-determining-the-flow-direction-in-basin-morphometric-analysis-case-study-of-lower-tapi-basin-western-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Characters of Developing Commercial Employment Sub-Centres and Employment Density in Ahmedabad City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaumik%20Patel">Bhaumik Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Gotecha"> Amit Gotecha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercial centres of different hierarchy and sizes play a vital role in the growth and development of the city. Economic uncertainty and demand for space leads to more urban sprawl and emerging more commercial spaces. The study was focused on the understanding of various indicators affecting the commercial development that can help to solve many issues related to commercial urban development and can guide for future employment growth centre development, Accessibility, Infrastructure, Planning and development regulations and Market forces. The aim of the study was to review characteristics and identifying employment density of Commercial Employment Sub-centres by achieving objectives Understanding various employment sub-centres, Identifying characteristics and deriving behaviour of employment densities and Evaluating and comparing employment sub-centres for the Ahmedabad city. Commercial employment sub-centres one in old city (Kalupur), second in highly developed commercial (C.G.road-Ashram road) and third in the latest developing commercial area (Prahladnagar) were identified by distance from city centre, Land use diversity, Access to Major roads and Public transport, Population density in proximity, Complimentary land uses in proximity and Land price. Commercial activities were categorised into retail, wholesale and service sector and sub categorised into various activities. From the study, Time period of establishment of the unit is a critical parameter for commercial activity, building height, and land-use diversity. Employment diversity is also one parameter for the commercial centre. The old city has retail, wholesale and trading and higher commercial density concerning units and employment both. Prahladnagar area functioned as commercial due to market pressure and developed as more units rather than a requirement. Employment density is higher in the centre of the city, as far as distance increases from city centre employment density and unit density decreases. Characters of influencing employment density and unit density are distance from city centre, development type, establishment time period, building density, unit density, public transport accessibility and road connectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20employment%20sub-centres" title="commercial employment sub-centres">commercial employment sub-centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20density" title=" employment density"> employment density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20diversity" title=" employment diversity"> employment diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20density" title=" unit density"> unit density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110051/characters-of-developing-commercial-employment-sub-centres-and-employment-density-in-ahmedabad-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Application of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging Technique to Study Climate Induced Landslide and Slope Stability through the Analysis of Factor of Safety: A Case Study in Ooty Area, Tamil Nadu, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maniruzzaman">S. Maniruzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ramanujam"> N. Ramanujam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qazi%20Akhter%20Rasool"> Qazi Akhter Rasool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Kumar%20Biswas"> Swapan Kumar Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Prasad"> P. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandrakanta%20Ojha"> Chandrakanta Ojha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landslide is one of the major natural disasters in South Asian countries. Applying 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging estimation of geometry, thickness, and depth of failure zone of the landslide can be made. Landslide is a pertinent problem in Nilgris plateau next to Himalaya. Nilgris range consists of hard Archean metamorphic rocks. Intense weathering prevailed during the Pre-Cambrian time had deformed the rocks up to 45m depth. The landslides are dominant in the southern and eastern part of plateau of is comparatively smaller than the northern drainage basins, as it has low density of drainage; coarse texture permitted the more of infiltration of rainwater, whereas in the northern part of the plateau entombed with high density of drainage pattern and fine texture with less infiltration than run off, and low to the susceptible to landslide. To get comprehensive information about the landslide zone 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic imaging study with CRM 500 Resistivity meter are used in Coonoor– Mettupalyam sector of Nilgiris plateau. To calculate Factor of Safety the infinite slope model of Brunsden and Prior is used. Factor of Safety can be expressed (FS) as the ratio of resisting forces to disturbing forces. If FS < 1 disturbing forces are larger than resisting forces and failure may occur. The geotechnical parameters of soil samples are calculated on the basis upon the apparent resistivity values for litho units of measured from 2D ERT image of the landslide zone. Relationship between friction angles for various soil properties is established by simple regression analysis from apparent resistivity data. Increase of water content in slide zone reduces the effectiveness of the shearing resistance and increase the sliding movement. Time-lapse resistivity changes to slope failure is determined through geophysical Factor of Safety which depends on resistivity and site topography. This ERT technique infers soil property at variable depths in wider areas. This approach to retrieve the soil property and overcomes the limit of the point of information provided by rain gauges and porous probes. Monitoring of slope stability without altering soil structure through the ERT technique is non-invasive with low cost. In landslide prone area an automated Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging system should be installed permanently with electrode networks to monitor the hydraulic precursors to monitor landslide movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20ERT" title="2D ERT">2D ERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor"> safety factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68611/application-of-2d-electrical-resistivity-tomographic-imaging-technique-to-study-climate-induced-landslide-and-slope-stability-through-the-analysis-of-factor-of-safety-a-case-study-in-ooty-area-tamil-nadu-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Rural India through Developing Online Communities of Purpose Using Social Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayanta%20Basak">Jayanta Basak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somprakash%20Bandyopadhyay"> Somprakash Bandyopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parama%20Bhaumik"> Parama Bhaumik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siuli%20Roy"> Siuli Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To solve the life and livelihood related problems of socially and economically backward rural women in India, several Women Self-Help Groups (WSHG) are formed in Indian villages. WSHGs are micro-communities (with 10-to 15 members) within a village community. WSHGs have been conceived not just to promote savings and provide credit, but also to act as a vehicle of change through the creation of women micro-entrepreneurs at the village level. However, in spite of huge investment and volume of people involved in the whole process, the success is still limited. Most of these entrepreneurial activities happen in small household workspaces where sales are limited to the inconsistent and unpredictable local markets. As a result, these entrepreneurs are perennially trapped in the vicious cycle of low risk taking ability, low investment capacity, low productivity, weak market linkages and low revenue. Market separation including customer-producer separation is one of the key problems in this domain. Researchers suggest that there are four types of market separation: (i) spatial, (ii) financial, (iii) temporal, and (iv) informational, which in turn impacts the nature of markets and marketing. In this context, a large group of intermediaries (the 'middleman') plays important role in effectively reducing the factors that separate markets by utilizing the resource of rural entrepreneurs, their products and thus, accelerate market development. The rural entrepreneurs are heavily dependent on these middlemen for marketing of their products and these middlemen exploit rural entrepreneurs by creating a huge informational separation between the rural producers and end-consumers in the market and thus hiding the profit margins. The objective of this study is to develop a transparent, online communities of purpose among rural and urban entrepreneurs using internet and web 2.0 technologies in order to decrease market separation and improve mutual awareness of available and potential products and market demands. Communities of purpose are groups of people who have an ability to influence, can share knowledge and learn from others, and be committed to achieving a common purpose. In this study, a cluster of SHG women located in a village 'Kandi' of West Bengal, India has been studied closely for six months. These women are primarily engaged in producing garments, soft toys, fabric painting on clothes, etc. These women were equipped with internet-enabled smart-phones where they can use chat applications in local language and common social networking websites like Facebook, Instagram, etc. A few handicraft experts and micro-entrepreneurs from the city (the 'seed') were included in their mobile messaging app group that enables the creation of a 'community of purpose' in order to share thoughts and ideas on product designs, market trends, and practices, and thus decrease the rural-urban market separation. After six months of regular group interaction in mobile messaging app among these rural-urban community members, it is observed that SHG women are empowered now to share their product images, design ideas, showcase, and promote their products in global marketplace using some common social networking websites through which they can also enhance and augment their community of purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities%20of%20purpose" title="communities of purpose">communities of purpose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20separation" title=" market separation"> market separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-help%20group" title=" self-help group"> self-help group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20technologies" title=" social technologies"> social technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87168/empowering-women-entrepreneurs-in-rural-india-through-developing-online-communities-of-purpose-using-social-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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