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chemistry</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: water chemistry"> <meta name="keywords" content="water chemistry"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="water chemistry"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9128</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: water chemistry</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9128</span> Recovery from Detrimental pH Troughs in a Moorland River Using Monitored Calcium Carbonate Introductions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauren%20Dawson">Lauren Dawson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Comber"> Sean Comber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Sandford"> Richard Sandford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Tappin"> Alan Tappin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Stockley"> Bruce Stockley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The West Dart River is underperforming for Salmon (Salmo salar) survival rates due to acidified pH troughs under the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). These troughs have been identified as being caused by historic acid rain pollution which is being held in situ by peat bog presence at site and released during flushing events. Natural recovery has been deemed unlikely by the year 2020 using steady state water chemistry models and therefore a program of monitored calcium carbonate (CaCO3) introductions are being conducted to eliminate these troughs, which can drop to pH 2.93 (salmon survival – pH 5.5). The river should be naturally acidic (pH 5.5-6) due to the granite geology of Dartmoor and therefore the CaCO3 introductions are under new methodology (the encasing of the CaCO3 in permeable sacks) to ensure removal should the water pH rise above neutral levels. The water chemistry and ecology are undergoing comprehensive monitoring, including pH and turbidity levels, dissolved organic carbon and aluminum concentration and speciation, while the aquatic biota is being used to assess the potential water chemistry changes. While this project is ongoing, results from the preliminary field trial show only a temporary, localized increase in pH following CaCO3 introductions into the water column. However, changes to the water chemistry have only been identified in the West Dart after methodology adjustments to account for flow rates and spate-dissolution, though no long-term changes have so far been found in the ecology of the river. However, this is not necessarily a negative factor, as the aim of the study is to protect the current ecological communities and the natural pH of the river while remediating only the detrimental pH troughs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20acidification%20recovery" title="anthropogenic acidification recovery">anthropogenic acidification recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20carbonate%20introductions" title=" calcium carbonate introductions"> calcium carbonate introductions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology%20monitoring" title=" ecology monitoring"> ecology monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry%20monitoring" title=" water chemistry monitoring"> water chemistry monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89291/recovery-from-detrimental-ph-troughs-in-a-moorland-river-using-monitored-calcium-carbonate-introductions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9127</span> Evaluating the Prominence of Chemical Phenomena in Chemistry Courses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20R.%20Ralph">Vanessa R. Ralph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leah%20J.%20Scharlott"> Leah J. Scharlott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megan%20Y.%20Deshaye"> Megan Y. Deshaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20L.%20Stowe"> Ryan L. Stowe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the traditions of chemistry teaching, one may not question whether chemical phenomena play a prominent role. Yet, the role of chemical phenomena in an introductory chemistry course may define the extent to which the course is introductory, chemistry, and equitable. Picture, for example, the classic Ideal Gas Law problem. If one envisions a prompt wherein students are tasked with calculating a missing variable, then one envisions a prompt that relies on chemical phenomena as a context rather than as a model to understand the natural world. Consider a prompt wherein students are tasked with applying molecular models of gases to explain why the vapor pressure of a gaseous solution of water differs from that of carbon dioxide. Here, the chemical phenomenon is not only the context but also the subject of the prompt. Deliveries of general and organic chemistry were identified as ranging wildly in the integration of chemical phenomena. The more incorporated the phenomena, the more equitable the assessment task was for students of varying access to pre-college math and science preparation. How chemical phenomena are integrated may very well define whether courses are chemistry, are introductory, and are equitable. Educators of chemistry are invited colleagues to discuss the role of chemical phenomena in their courses and consider the long-lasting impacts of replicating tradition for tradition’s sake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable%20educational%20practices" title="equitable educational practices">equitable educational practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20curriculum" title=" chemistry curriculum"> chemistry curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20organization" title=" content organization"> content organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20design" title=" assessment design"> assessment design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137218/evaluating-the-prominence-of-chemical-phenomena-in-chemistry-courses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9126</span> Silver Nanoparticles in Drinking Water Purification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pooja%20Pragati">S. Pooja Pragati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sudarsan"> B. Sudarsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rajkumar"> S. Rajkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are known for their excellent antimicrobial agents, and thus can be used as alternative disinfectant agents. However, released silver nanoparticles is a threat to naturally occurring microorganisms. This paper exhibits information on the environmental fate, toxicological effects, and application of AgNP and the current estimate on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of AgNP in different aqueous solutions, as well as their application as alternative disinfectants in water-treatment systems. It also gives a better approximation and experimental data of AgNP’s antimicrobial properties at different water chemistry conditions. A saturation-type fitting curve was established, showing the survival of bacteria under different water chemistry conditions as a function of the size of the nanoparticles. The results obtained show that silver nanoparticles in surface water, ground water, and brackish water are stable. The paper demonstrates the comparative study of AgNP-impregnated point-of-use ceramic water filters and ceramic filters impregnated with silver nitrate. It is observed that AgNP-impregnated ceramic water filters are more appropriate for this application due to the lesser amount of silver desorbed. Experimental data of the comparison of a polymer-based quaternary amine functionalized silsesquioxanes compound and AgNP are also tabulated and conclusions are analysed with the goal of optimizing. The simplicity of synthesis and application of Silver nanoparticles enables us to consider its effective modified version for the purification of water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinfectant%20agent" title="disinfectant agent">disinfectant agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification%20of%20water" title=" purification of water"> purification of water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particles" title=" nano particles"> nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment "> water treatment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29418/silver-nanoparticles-in-drinking-water-purification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9125</span> Mobility of Metallic Trace Elements (MTE) in Water and Sediment of the Rivers: Case of Nil River, North-Eastern Algerian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Benessam">S. Benessam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Debieche"> T. H. Debieche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Amiour"> S. Amiour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chine"> A. Chine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khelili"> S. Khelili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The metallic trace elements (MTE) are present in water and sediments of the rivers with weak concentrations. Several physicochemical parameters (Eh, pH and oxygen dissolved) and chemical processes (adsorption, absorption, complexation and precipitation) as well as nature of the sediments control their mobility. In order to determine the effect of these factors on the mobility of some MTE (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in water of the rivers, a two-monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters and chemistry of water and sediments of the Nil wadi (Algeria) was carried out during the period from November 2013 to January 2015. The results show that each MTE has its own conditions of mobility and generally are very influence by the variations of the pH and Eh. Under the natural conditions, neutral pH with basic and medium oxidizing, only the lead presented in water with raised values, indicating its solubility in water and its salting out of the sediments. The other MTE present raised concentrations in the sediments, indicating their trapping by adsorption and/or chemical precipitation. The chemical form of each ETM was given by Eh-pH diagrams. The spatio-temporal monitoring of these ETM shows the effect of the rains, the dry periods and the rejects in the variation of their concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title="chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic%20trace%20elements" title=" metallic trace elements"> metallic trace elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48257/mobility-of-metallic-trace-elements-mte-in-water-and-sediment-of-the-rivers-case-of-nil-river-north-eastern-algerian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9124</span> Ecofriendly Multi-Layer Polymer Treatment for Hydrophobic and Water Repellent Porous Cotton Fabrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zahid">Muhammad Zahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20S.%20Bayer"> Ilker S. Bayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanassia%20Athanassiou"> Athanassia Athanassiou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluorinated polymers having C8 chemistry (chemicals with 8 fluorinated carbon atoms) are well renowned for their excellent low surface tension and water repelling properties. However, these polymers degrade into highly toxic heavy perfluoro acids in the environment. When the C8 chemistry is reduced to C6 chemistry, this environmental concern is eliminated at the expense of reduced liquid repellent performance. In order to circumvent this, in this study, we demonstrate pre-treatment of woven cotton fabrics with a fluorinated acrylic copolymer with C6 chemistry and subsequently with a silicone polymer to render them hydrophobic. A commercial fluorinated acrylic copolymer was blended with silica nanoparticles to form hydrophobic nano-roughness on cotton fibers and a second coating layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was applied on the fabric. A static water contact angle (for 5µl) and rolling angle (for 12.5µl) of 147°±2° and 31° were observed, respectively. Hydrostatic head measurements were also performed to better understand the performance with 26±1 cm and 2.56kPa column height and static pressure respectively. Fabrication methods (with rod coater etc.) were kept simple, reproducible, and scalable and cost efficient. Moreover, the robustness of applied coatings was also evaluated by sonication cleaning and abrasion methods. Water contact angle (WCA), water shedding angle (WSA), hydrostatic head, droplet bouncing-rolling off and prolonged staining tests were used to characterize hydrophobicity of materials. For chemical and morphological analysis, various characterization methods were used such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorinated%20polymer" title="fluorinated polymer">fluorinated polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polydimethylsiloxane" title=" polydimethylsiloxane"> polydimethylsiloxane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20contact%20angle" title=" water contact angle"> water contact angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56381/ecofriendly-multi-layer-polymer-treatment-for-hydrophobic-and-water-repellent-porous-cotton-fabrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9123</span> Evaluation of Water Chemistry and Quality Characteristics of Işıklı Lake (Denizli, Türkiye)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Ay">Abdullah Ay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eehnaz%20%C5%9Eener"> Şehnaz Şener</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is of great importance to reveal their current status and conduct research in this direction for the sustainable use and protection of lakes, which are among the most important water resources for meeting water needs and ensuring ecological balance. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical properties, as well as water quality and usability characteristics of Işıklı Lake within the Lakes Region of Turkey. Işıklı Lake is a tectonic lake located in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The lake has a surface area of approximately 36 km². Temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC) and hydrogen ion concentration (pH), dissolved oxygen (%, mg/l), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP; mV), and amount of dissolved solids in water (TDS; mg/l) of water samples taken from the lake values were determined by in situ analysis. Major ion and heavy metal analyses were carried out under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the relationship between major ion concentrations and TDS values of Işıklı Lake water samples was determined by correlation analysis. According to the results obtained, it is seen that especially Mg, Ca and HCO₃ ions are dominant in the lake water, and it has been determined that the lake water is in the Ca-Mg-HCO₃ water facies. According to statistical analysis, a strong and positive relationship was found between the TDS value and bicarbonate and calcium (R² = 0.61 and 0.7, respectively). However, no significant relationship was detected between the TDS value and other chemical elements. Although the waters are generally in water quality class I, they are in class IV in terms of sulfur and aluminum. It is included in the water quality class. This situation is due to the rock-water interaction in the region. When the analysis results of the lake water were compared with the drinking water limit values specified by TSE-266 (2005) and WHO (2017), it was determined that it was not suitable for drinking water use in terms of Pb, Se, As, and Cr. When the waters were evaluated in terms of pollution, it was determined that 50% of the samples carried pollution loads in terms of Al, As, Fe, NO3, and Cu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%20Lake" title="Işıklı Lake">Işıklı Lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry" title=" water chemistry"> water chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title=" arsenic"> arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denizli" title=" Denizli"> Denizli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188492/evaluation-of-water-chemistry-and-quality-characteristics-of-isikli-lake-denizli-turkiye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9122</span> Virtual Chemistry Laboratory as Pre-Lab Experiences: Stimulating Student's Prediction Skill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yenni%20Kurniawati">Yenni Kurniawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Students Prediction Skill in chemistry experiments is an important skill for pre-service chemistry students to stimulate students reflective thinking at each stage of many chemistry experiments, qualitatively and quantitatively. A Virtual Chemistry Laboratory was designed to give students opportunities and times to practicing many kinds of chemistry experiments repeatedly, everywhere and anytime, before they do a real experiment. The Virtual Chemistry Laboratory content was constructed using the Model of Educational Reconstruction and developed to enhance students ability to predicted the experiment results and analyzed the cause of error, calculating the accuracy and precision with carefully in using chemicals. This research showed students changing in making a decision and extremely beware with accuracy, but still had a low concern in precision. It enhancing students level of reflective thinking skill related to their prediction skill 1 until 2 stage in average. Most of them could predict the characteristics of the product in experiment, and even the result will going to be an error. In addition, they take experiments more seriously and curiously about the experiment results. This study recommends for a different subject matter to provide more opportunities for students to learn about other kinds of chemistry experiments design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20chemistry%20laboratory" title="virtual chemistry laboratory">virtual chemistry laboratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20experiments" title=" chemistry experiments"> chemistry experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20skill" title=" prediction skill"> prediction skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-lab%20experiences" title=" pre-lab experiences"> pre-lab experiences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50653/virtual-chemistry-laboratory-as-pre-lab-experiences-stimulating-students-prediction-skill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9121</span> Nano-Zinc Oxide: A Powerful and Recyclable Catalyst for Chemospecific Synthesis of Dicoumarols Based on Aryl Glyoxals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Jafari">F. Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20GharehzadehShirazi"> S. GharehzadehShirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khodabakhshi"> S. Khodabakhshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An efficient, simple, and environmentally benign procedure for the one-pot synthesis of dicoumarols was reported. The reaction entails the condensation of aryl glyoxals and 4-hydroxyxoumarin in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as recyclable catalyst in aqueous media. High product yields and use of clean conditions are important factors of green chemistry.Part of our continued interest to achieve high atom economic reactions by the use safe catalysts. The reaction mixture was refluxed with catalytic amount (3 mol%) of zinc oxide nanoparticles.Reducing the amount of toxic waste and byproducts arising from chemical reactions is an important issue in the context of green chemistry. In comparison with commonly organic solvents, the aqueous media is cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Avoiding the use of organic solvents is an important way to prevent waste in chemical processes. In the context of green and sustainable chemistry, one ofthe most promising approaches is the use of water as the reaction media. In recent years, there has been increasing recognition that water is an attractive media for manyorganic reactions. Using water continues to attract wide attention among synthetic chemists in the design of new synthetic methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title="zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dicoumarol" title=" dicoumarol"> dicoumarol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aryl%20glyoxal" title=" aryl glyoxal"> aryl glyoxal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36357/nano-zinc-oxide-a-powerful-and-recyclable-catalyst-for-chemospecific-synthesis-of-dicoumarols-based-on-aryl-glyoxals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9120</span> Assessment the Infiltration of the Wastewater Ponds and Its Impact on the Water Quality of Pleistocene Aquifer at El Sadat City Using 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Water Chemistry </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20A.%20Kenawy">Abeer A. Kenawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Massoud"> Usama Massoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Said%20A.%20Ragab"> El-Said A. Ragab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20M.%20El-Kosery"> Heba M. El-Kosery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and hydrochemical study have been conducted at El Sadat industrial city. The study aims to investigate the area around the wastewater ponds to determine the possibility of water percolation from the wastewater ponds to the Pleistocene aquifer and to inspect the effect of this seepage on the groundwater chemistry. Pleistocene aquifer is the main groundwater reservoir in this area, where El Sadat city and its vicinities depend totally on this aquifer for water supplies needed for drinking, agricultural, and industrial activities. In this concern, seven ERT profiles were measured around the wastewater ponds. Besides, 10 water samples were collected from the ponds and the nearby groundwater wells. The water samples have been chemically analyzed for major cations, anions, nutrients, and heavy elements. Also, the physical parameters (pH, Alkalinity, EC, TDS) of the water samples were measured. Inspection of the ERT sections shows that they exhibit lower resistivity values towards the water ponds and higher values in opposite sides. In addition, the water table was detected at shallower depths at the same sides of lower resistivity. This could indicate a wastewater infiltration to the groundwater aquifer near the oxidation ponds. Correlation of the physical parameters and ionic concentrations of the wastewater samples with those of the groundwater samples indicates that; the ionic levels are randomly varying and no specific trend could be obtained. In addition, the wastewater samples shows some ionic levels lower than those detected in other groundwater samples. Besides, the nitrate level is higher in samples taken from the cultivated land than the wastewater samples due to the over using of nitrogen fertilizers. Then, we can say that the infiltrated water from wastewater ponds are not the main controller of the groundwater chemistry in this area, but rather the variable ionic concentrations could be attributed to local, natural, and anthropogenic processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Sadat%20city" title="El Sadat city">El Sadat city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERT" title=" ERT"> ERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochemistry" title=" hydrochemistry"> hydrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percolation" title=" percolation"> percolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20ponds" title=" wastewater ponds"> wastewater ponds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38051/assessment-the-infiltration-of-the-wastewater-ponds-and-its-impact-on-the-water-quality-of-pleistocene-aquifer-at-el-sadat-city-using-2-d-electrical-resistivity-tomography-and-water-chemistry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9119</span> Students’ Perception of Effort and Emotional Costs in Chemistry Courses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guizella%20Rocabado">Guizella Rocabado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassidy%20Wilkes"> Cassidy Wilkes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that chemistry is one of the most feared courses in college. Although many students enjoy learning about science, most of them perceive that chemistry is “too difficult”. These perceptions of chemistry result in many students not considering Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors because they require chemistry courses. Ultimately, these perceptions are also thought to be related to high attrition rates of students who begin STEM majors but do not persist. Students perceived costs of a chemistry class can be many, such as task effort, loss of valued alternatives, emotional, and others. These costs might be overcome by students’ interests and goals, yet the level of perceived costs might have a lasting impact on the students’ overall perception of chemistry and their desire to pursue chemistry and other STEM careers in the future. In this mixed methods study, we investigated task effort and emotional cost, as well as a mastery or performance goal orientation, and the impact these constructs may have on achievement in general chemistry classrooms. Utilizing cluster analysis as well as student interviews, we investigated students’ profiles of perceived cost and goal orientation as it relates to their final grades. Our results show that students who are well prepared for general chemistry, such as those who have taken chemistry in high school, display less negative perceived costs and thus believe they can master the material more fully. Other interesting results have also emerged from this research, which has the potential to have an impact on future instruction of these courses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20education" title="chemistry education">chemistry education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affect" title=" affect"> affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20costs" title=" perceived costs"> perceived costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal%20orientations" title=" goal orientations"> goal orientations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166587/students-perception-of-effort-and-emotional-costs-in-chemistry-courses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9118</span> Effect of Chemistry Museum Artifacts on Students’ Memory Enhancement and Interest in Radioactivity in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hope%20Amba%20Neji">Hope Amba Neji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study adopted a quasi-experimental design. Two schools were used for the experimental study, while one school was used for the control. The experimental groups were subjected to treatment for four weeks with chemistry museum artifacts and a visit as made to the museum so that learners would have real-life learning experiences with museum resources, while the control group was taught with the conventional method. The instrument for the study was a 20-item Chemistry Memory Test (CMT) and a 10-item Chemistry Interest Questionnaire (CIQ). The reliability was ascertained using (KR-20) and alpha reliability coefficient, which yielded a reliability coefficient of .83 and .81, respectively. Data obtained was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that museum artifacts have a significant effect on students’ memory enhancement and interest in chemistry. It was recommended chemistry learning should be enhanced, motivating and real with museum artifacts, which significantly aid memory enhancement and interest in chemistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=museum%20artifacts" title="museum artifacts">museum artifacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title=" chemistry"> chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atitude" title=" atitude"> atitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177785/effect-of-chemistry-museum-artifacts-on-students-memory-enhancement-and-interest-in-radioactivity-in-calabar-education-zone-cross-river-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9117</span> A Fundamental Study on the Molecular Chemistry of Agarwood Water Mixture </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatmawati%20Adam">Fatmawati Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saidatul%20Syaima%20Mat%20Tari"> Saidatul Syaima Mat Tari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiful%20Nizam%20Tajuddin"> Saiful Nizam Tajuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Salwa%20Azliyana%20Hamzah"> Nurul Salwa Azliyana Hamzah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oil of agarwood or known as Gaharu in Malay is highly prized for its value as luxury fragrances and incense. However, the complexities of the chemical composition of agarwood itself is the main challenge for establishment of an effective recovery method, which is able to ensure uniform qualities and standard for each batch of essential oil production. Agarwood markers are actually a blend of volatile and non-volatile compounds. While volatile molecules could be easily retrieved by the present distillation technique, the high solubility properties are the limiting factor for the latter. With regard to this, an elementary chemistry resolution study had been performed on commercial agarwood essential oil-water mixture, by the application of preparative HPLC and FTIR. Interpretation of the results leads to the theoretical postulation that, agarwood water mixture comprise of agarospirol, jinkohol, jinkoh eremol and khusenol. This study provides a pinpoint on the chemical characteristics of water soluble (non-volatile) agarwood compounds, therefore, will be an insight for researchers to develop a more strategic technique for their extraction. Thereafter the optimum quality of this essential oil could be controlled in a more improved way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agarwood" title="Agarwood">Agarwood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aquillaria%20Malaccensis" title=" Aquillaria Malaccensis"> Aquillaria Malaccensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agarospirol" title=" agarospirol"> agarospirol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jinkohol" title=" jinkohol"> jinkohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jinkoh%20eremol" title=" jinkoh eremol"> jinkoh eremol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khusenol" title=" khusenol"> khusenol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16900/a-fundamental-study-on-the-molecular-chemistry-of-agarwood-water-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9116</span> The Chemistry in the Video Game No Man’s Sky</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diogo%20Santos">Diogo Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Zagalo"> Nelson Zagalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Morais"> Carla Morais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> No Man’s Sky (NMS) is a sci-fi video game about survival and exploration where players fly spaceships, search for elements, and use them to survive. NMS isn’t a serious game, and not all the science in the game is presented with scientific evidence. To find how players felt about the scientific content in the game and how they perceive the chemistry in it, a survey was sent to NMS’s players, from which were collected answers from 124 respondents from 23 countries. Chemophobia is still a phenomenon when chemistry or chemicals are a subject of discussion, but 68,9% of our respondents showed a positive attitude towards the presence of chemistry in NMS, with 57% stating that playing the video game motivated them to know more about science. 8% of the players stated that NMS often prompted conversations about the science in the video game between them and teachers, parents, or friends. These results give us ideas on how an entertainment game can potentially help scientists, educators, and science communicators reach a growing, evolving, vibrant, diverse, and demanding audience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20games" title="digital games">digital games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20communication" title=" science communication"> science communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title=" chemistry"> chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20learning" title=" informal learning"> informal learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=No%20Man%E2%80%99s%20Sky" title=" No Man’s Sky"> No Man’s Sky</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156533/the-chemistry-in-the-video-game-no-mans-sky" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9115</span> Examination of Readiness of Teachers in the Use of Information-Communication Technologies in the Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolina%20Ribari%C4%87">Nikolina Ribarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the readiness of chemistry teachers to use information and communication technologies in chemistry in 2018. and 2021. A survey conducted in 2018 on a sample of teachers showed that most teachers occasionally use visualization and digitization tools in chemistry teaching (65%) but feel that they are not educated enough to use them (56%). Also, most teachers do not have adequate equipment in their schools and are not able to use ICT in teaching or digital tools for visualization and digitization of content (44%). None of the teachers find the use of digitization and visualization tools useless. Furthermore, a survey conducted in 2021 shows that most teachers occasionally use visualization and digitization tools in chemistry teaching (83%). Also, the research shows that some teachers still do not have adequate equipment in their schools and are not able to use ICT in chemistry teaching or digital tools for visualization and digitization of content (14%). Advances in the use of ICT in chemistry teaching are linked to pandemic conditions and the obligation to conduct online teaching. The share of 14% of teachers who still do not have adequate equipment to use digital tools in teaching is worrying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title="chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20content" title=" digital content"> digital content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144099/examination-of-readiness-of-teachers-in-the-use-of-information-communication-technologies-in-the-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9114</span> Formation of Volatile Iodine from Cesium Iodide Aerosols: A DFT Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssam%20Hijazi">Houssam Hijazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Cantrel"> Laurent Cantrel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Paul"> Jean-François Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Periodic DFT calculations were performed to study the chemistry of CsI particles and the possible release of volatile iodine from CsI surfaces for nuclear safety interest. The results show that water adsorbs at low temperature associatively on the (011) surface of CsI, while water desorbs at higher temperatures. On the other hand, removing iodine species from the surface requires oxidizing the surface one time for each removed iodide atom. The activation energy of removing I<sub>2</sub> from the surface in the presence of two OH is 1,2 eV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title="aerosols">aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSI" title=" CSI"> CSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity" title=" reactivity"> reactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20adsorption" title=" water adsorption"> water adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72283/formation-of-volatile-iodine-from-cesium-iodide-aerosols-a-dft-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9113</span> Professional Ambitions of Students of Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in the Context of Teaching Profession</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20Bartoszewicz">Malgorzata Bartoszewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Krzysko"> Grzegorz Krzysko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemistry students plan a career path based on their interests, predispositions, and preferences. This study aims to determine what percentage of all chemistry students selected teaching as a career. There is a lack of science teachers (especially physics and chemistry) in Poland, and there is limited research on students' choices and professional preferences. At the Faculty of Chemistry of the Adam Mickiewicz University in the academic year 2019/2020, changes were introduced to the study program resulting from legal regulations and as part of the funds raised from the project "Teacher - competent practitioner, supervisor, expert", No. POWR.03.01.00-00-KN40/18. The aim of the study was to determine how many first-cycle and second-cycle studies students declare the teaching profession as a career. In the case of first-cycle studies students, 9.5% of respondents choose the teaching profession and 9.2% of second-cycle studies students. It was found that the number of students who chose the teacher preparation programme at Faculty of Chemistry of the Adam Mickiewicz University has decreased since 5 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faculty%20of%20chemistry" title="faculty of chemistry">faculty of chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Mickiewicz%20University" title=" Adam Mickiewicz University"> Adam Mickiewicz University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20ambitions" title=" professional ambitions"> professional ambitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher" title=" teacher"> teacher</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121371/professional-ambitions-of-students-of-faculty-of-chemistry-adam-mickiewicz-university-in-the-context-of-teaching-profession" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9112</span> Identifying Controlling Factors for the Evolution of Shallow Groundwater Chemistry of Ellala Catchment, Northern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grmay%20Kassa%20Brhane">Grmay Kassa Brhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hailemariam%20Siyum%20Mekonen"> Hailemariam Siyum Mekonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to identify the hydrogeochemical and anthropogenic processes controlling the evaluation of groundwater chemistry in the Ellala catchment which covers about 296.5 km2 areal extent. The chemical analysis revealed that the major ions in the groundwater are Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ (cations) and HCO3-, PO43-, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-(anions). Most of the groundwater samples (68.42%) revealed that the groundwater in the catchment is non-alkaline. In addition to the contribution of aquifer material, the solid materials and liquid wastes discharged from different sources can be the main sources of pH and EC in the groundwater. It is observed that the EC of the groundwater is fairly correlated with the DTS. This indicates that high mineralized water is more conductor than water with low concentration. The degree of salinity of the groundwater increases along the groundwater flow path from East to West; then, areas surrounding Mekelle City are highly saline due to the liquid and solid wastes discharged from the city and the industries. The groundwater facies in the catchment are predominated with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate which are labeled as Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Mg-Ca-HCO3. The main geochemical process controlling the evolution of the groundwater chemistry in the catchment is rock-water interaction, particularly carbonate dissolution. Due to the clay layer in the aquifer, the reverse is ion exchange. Non-significant silicate weathering and halite dissolution also contribute to the evolution of groundwater chemistry in the catchment. The groundwater in the catchment is dominated by the meteoritic origin although it needs further groundwater chemistry study with isotope dating analysis. The groundwater is under-saturated with calcite, dolomite, and aragonite minerals; hence, the more these minerals encounter the groundwater, the more the minerals dissolve. The main source of calcium and magnesium in groundwater is the dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) since carbonate rocks are the dominant aquifer materials in the catchment. In addition to this, the weathering of dolerite rock is a possible source of magnesium ions. The relatively higher concentration of sodium over chloride indicates that the source of sodium-ion is reverse ion exchange and/or weathering of sodium-bearing materials, such as shale and dolerite rather than halite dissolution. High concentration of phosphate, nitrate, and chloride in the groundwater is the main anthropogenic source that needs treatment, quality control, and management in the catchment. From the Base Exchange Index Analysis, it is possible to understand that, in the catchment, the groundwater is dominated by the meteoritic origin, although it needs further groundwater chemistry study with isotope dating analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellala%20catchment" title="Ellala catchment">Ellala catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor" title=" factor"> factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title=" chemistry"> chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemical" title=" geochemical"> geochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178488/identifying-controlling-factors-for-the-evolution-of-shallow-groundwater-chemistry-of-ellala-catchment-northern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9111</span> Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Selective N-Allylation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with Allylic Alcohols in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bai-Jing%20Peng">Bai-Jing Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh-Chyun%20Yang"> Shyh-Chyun Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic reactions in water have recently attracted much attention, not only because unique reactivity is often observed in water but also because water is a safe and economical substitute for conventional organic solvents. Thus, development of environmental safe, atom-economical reactions in water is one of the most important goals of synthetic chemistry. The recent paper has documented renewed interest in the use of allylic substrates in the synthesis of new C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds. We have reported our attempts and some successful applications of a process involving the C-O bond cleavage catalyzed by palladium or platinum complexes in water. Because of the importance of heterocycle indole derivatives, much effort has been directed toward the development of methods for functionalization of the indole nucleus at N1 site. In our research, the palladium-catalyzed 2,3-disubstitued indoles with allylic alcohols was investigated under different conditions. Herein, we will establish a simple, convenient, and efficient method, which affords high yields of allylated indoles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium-catalyzed" title="palladium-catalyzed">palladium-catalyzed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allylic%20alcohols" title=" allylic alcohols"> allylic alcohols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoles" title=" indoles"> indoles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allylation" title=" allylation"> allylation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71957/direct-palladium-catalyzed-selective-n-allylation-of-23-disubstituted-indoles-with-allylic-alcohols-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9110</span> Implementation of an Undergraduate Integrated Biology and Chemistry Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayson%20G.%20Balansag">Jayson G. Balansag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An integrated biology and chemistry (iBC) course for freshmen college students was developed in University of Delaware. This course will prepare students to (1) become interdisciplinary thinkers in the field of biology and (2) collaboratively work with others from multiple disciplines in the future. This paper documents and describes the implementation of the course. The information gathered from reading literature, classroom observations, and interviews were used to carry out the purpose of this paper. The major goal of the iBC course is to align the concepts between Biology and Chemistry, so that students can draw science concepts from both disciplines which they can apply in their interdisciplinary researches. This course is offered every fall and spring semesters of each school year. Students enrolled in Biology are also enrolled in Chemistry during the same semester. The iBC is composed of lectures, laboratories, studio sessions, and workshops and is taught by the faculty from the biology and chemistry departments. In addition, the preceptors, graduate teaching assistants, and studio fellows facilitate the laboratory and studio sessions. These roles are interdependent with each other. The iBC can be used as a model for higher education institutions who wish to implement an integrated biology course. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20biology%20and%20chemistry" title="integrated biology and chemistry">integrated biology and chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary%20research" title=" interdisciplinary research"> interdisciplinary research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20biology" title=" new biology"> new biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20science%20education" title=" undergraduate science education"> undergraduate science education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76611/implementation-of-an-undergraduate-integrated-biology-and-chemistry-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9109</span> Small-Group Case-Based Teaching: Effects on Student Achievement, Critical Thinking, and Attitude toward Chemistry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynante%20E.%20Autida">Reynante E. Autida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ana%20T.%20Quimbo"> Maria Ana T. Quimbo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The chemistry education curriculum provides an excellent avenue where students learn the principles and concepts in chemistry and at the same time, as a central science, better understand related fields. However, the teaching approach used by teachers affects student learning. Cased-based teaching (CBT) is one of the various forms of inductive method. The teacher starts with specifics then proceeds to the general principles. The students’ role in inductive learning shifts from being passive in the traditional approach to being active in learning. In this paper, the effects of Small-Group Case-Based Teaching (SGCBT) on college chemistry students’ achievement, critical thinking, and attitude toward chemistry including the relationships between each of these variables were determined. A quasi-experimental counterbalanced design with pre-post control group was used to determine the effects of SGCBT on Engineering students of four intact classes (two treatment groups and two control groups) in one of the State Universities in Mindanao. The independent variables are the type of teaching approach (SGCBT versus pure lecture-discussion teaching or PLDT) while the dependent variables are chemistry achievement (exam scores) and scores in critical thinking and chemistry attitude. Both Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and t-tests (within and between groups and gain scores) were used to compare the effects of SGCBT versus PLDT on students’ chemistry achievement, critical thinking, and attitude toward chemistry, while Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between each of the variables. Results show that the use of SGCBT fosters positive attitude toward chemistry and provides some indications as well on improved chemistry achievement of students compared with PLDT. Meanwhile, the effects of PLDT and SGCBT on critical thinking are comparable. Furthermore, correlational analysis and focus group interviews indicate that the use of SGCBT not only supports development of positive attitude towards chemistry but also improves chemistry achievement of students. Implications are provided in view of the recent findings on SGCBT and topics for further research are presented as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case-based%20teaching" title="case-based teaching">case-based teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-group%20learning" title=" small-group learning"> small-group learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20cases" title=" chemistry cases"> chemistry cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20achievement" title=" chemistry achievement"> chemistry achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title=" critical thinking"> critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20attitude" title=" chemistry attitude"> chemistry attitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41209/small-group-case-based-teaching-effects-on-student-achievement-critical-thinking-and-attitude-toward-chemistry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9108</span> Effect of Wettability Alteration in Low Salt Water Injection Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Vahdani">H. Vahdani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By the adsorption of polar compounds and/or the deposition of organic material, the wettability of originally water-wet reservoir rock can be altered. The degree of alteration is determined by the interaction of the oil constituents, the mineral surface, and the brine chemistry. Recently improving oil recovery by tuning wettability alteration is believed as a new recovery method. Various researchers have demonstrated that low salt water injection has a significant impact on oil recovery. It has been shown, for instance, that additional oil can be produced from reservoir rock by managing the injection water. Large wettability sensitivity has been observed, indicating that the oil/water capillary pressure profiles play a major role during low saline water injection simulation. Although the exact physics on how this alteration occurs is still a research topic; however, it has been reported that some of its effect can be captured by a relative permeability shift from an oil-wet system to a water-wet system. Modeling of low salt water injection mainly is based on the theory of wettability alteration and is hence strongly dependent on the wettability of the reservoir. In this article, combination of different wettabilities has been simulated and it is observed that the highest recoveries were from the cases were the reservoir initially was water-wet, and the lowest recoveries was from the cases were the reservoir initially was considered oil-wet. However for the cases where the reservoir initially was oil-wet, the effect of low-salinity waterflooding was the largest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20salt%20water%20injection" title="low salt water injection">low salt water injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability%20alteration" title=" wettability alteration"> wettability alteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title=" relative permeability"> relative permeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33827/effect-of-wettability-alteration-in-low-salt-water-injection-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9107</span> Assessment of Online Web-Based Learning for Enhancing Student Grades in Chemistry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Marc%20Gealon%20Cabugsa">Ian Marc Gealon Cabugsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleanor%20Pastrano%20Corcino"> Eleanor Pastrano Corcino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gina%20Lapaza%20Montalan"> Gina Lapaza Montalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focused on the effect of Online Web-Learning (OWL) in the performance of the freshmen Civil Engineering Students of Ateneo de Davao University in their Chem 12 subject. The grades of the students that were required to use OWL were compared to students without OWL. The result of the study suggests promising result for the use of OWL in increasing the performance rate of students taking up Chem 12. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the final grade and OWL grade of the students that had OWL. While the majority of the students find OWL to be helpful in supporting their chemistry knowledge needs, most of them still prefer to learn using the traditional face-to-face instruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20education" title="chemistry education">chemistry education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20performance" title=" enhanced performance"> enhanced performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20chemistry" title=" engineering chemistry"> engineering chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20web-based%20learning" title=" online web-based learning"> online web-based learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33395/assessment-of-online-web-based-learning-for-enhancing-student-grades-in-chemistry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9106</span> Irrigation Water Quality Evaluation in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Guanzhong Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiying%20Zhang">Qiying Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panpan%20Xu"> Panpan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Qian"> Hui Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater is an important water resource in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, 141 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters to assess the irrigation water quality using six indicators (sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and potential salinity (PS)). The results show that the patterns for the average cation and anion concentrations were in decreasing orders of Na<sup>＋</sup> > Mg<sup>2</sup><sup>＋</sup> > Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>＋</sup> > K<sup>＋</sup>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>－</sup> > HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>－</sup> > Cl<sup>－</sup> > NO<sub>3</sub><sup>－</sup> > CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>－</sup> > F<sup>－</sup>, respectively. The values of Na%, MH, and PS show that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation. The same conclusion is drawn from the USSL and Wilcox diagrams. PS values indicate that Cl<sup>－</sup>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>－</sup>have a great influence on irrigation water in Jiaokou Irrigation District. RSC and PI values indicate that more than half of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. The finding is beneficial for the policymakers for future water management schemes to achieve a sustainable development goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20chemistry" title="groundwater chemistry">groundwater chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanzhong%20Basin" title=" Guanzhong Basin"> Guanzhong Basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20water%20quality%20evaluation" title=" irrigation water quality evaluation"> irrigation water quality evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaokou%20Irrigation%20District" title=" Jiaokou Irrigation District"> Jiaokou Irrigation District</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130501/irrigation-water-quality-evaluation-in-jiaokou-irrigation-district-guanzhong-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9105</span> Investigating Al₂O₃ Nanofluid Based on Seawater and Effluent Water Mix for Water Injection Application; Sandstone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshal%20Al-Samhan">Meshal Al-Samhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Al-Marshed"> Abdullah Al-Marshed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in interest in nanotechnology applications and nanomaterials in the oilfield. In the last decade, the global increase in oil production resulted in large amounts of produced water, causing a significant problem for all producing countries and companies. This produced water deserves special attention and a study of its characteristics to understand and determine how it can be treated and later used for suitable applications such as water injection for Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) without harming the environment. This work aims to investigate the prepared compatible mixed water (seawater and effluent water) response to nanoparticles for EOR water injection. The evaluation of different mix seawater/effluent water ratios (60/40,70/30) for their characteristics prior to nanofluid preparation using Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP) analysis, potential zeta test, and OLI software (the OLI Systems is a recognised leader in aqueous chemistry). This step of the work revealed the suitability of the water mix with a lower effluent-water ratio. Also, OLI predicted that the 60:40 mix needs to be balanced around temperatures of 70 ºC to avoid the mass accumulation of calcium sulfate and strontium sulfate. Later the prepared nanofluid was tested for interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability restoration in the sandstone rock; the Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.06 wt% concentration reduced the IFT by more than 16% with moderate water wet contact angle. The study concluded that the selected nanoparticle Al2O3 had demonstrated excellent performance in decreasing the interfacial tension with respect to the selected water mix type (60/40) at low nanoparticles wt%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20AL2O3" title="nano AL2O3">nano AL2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanstone" title=" sanstone"> sanstone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFT" title=" IFT"> IFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160330/investigating-al2o3-nanofluid-based-on-seawater-and-effluent-water-mix-for-water-injection-application-sandstone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9104</span> An Approach to Improve Pre University Students' Responsible Environmental Behaviour through Science Writing Heuristic in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheila%20Shamuganathan">Sheila Shamuganathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mageswary%20Karpudewan"> Mageswary Karpudewan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effectiveness of green chemistry integrated with Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) in enhancing matriculation students’ responsible environmental behaviour. For this purpose 207 matriculation students were randomly assigned into experimental (N=118) and control (N=89) group. For the experimental group the chemistry concepts were taught using the instructional approach of green chemistry integrated with Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) while for the control group the same content was taught using green chemistry. The data was analysed using ANCOVA and findings obtained from the quantitative analysis reveals that there is significant changes in responsible environmental behaviour (F 1,204) = 32.13 (ηp² = 0.14) which favours the experimental group. The responses of the qualitative data obtained from an interview with the experimental group also further strengthen and indicated a significant improvement in responsible environmental behaviour. The outcome of the study suggests that using green chemistry integrated with Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) could be an alternative approach to improve students’ responsible environmental behaviour towards the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20writing%20heuristic" title="science writing heuristic">science writing heuristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro%20environmental%20behaviour" title=" pro environmental behaviour"> pro environmental behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory" title=" laboratory"> laboratory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58798/an-approach-to-improve-pre-university-students-responsible-environmental-behaviour-through-science-writing-heuristic-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9103</span> A Green Analytical Curriculum for Renewable STEM Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang">Mian Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyi%20Wu"> Zhenyi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have incorporated green components into existing analytical chemistry curriculum with the aims to present a more environment benign approach in both teaching laboratory and undergraduate research. These include the use of cheap, sustainable, and market-available material; minimized waste disposal, replacement of non-aqueous media; and scale-down in sample/reagent consumption. Model incorporations have covered topics in quantitative chemistry as well as instrumental analysis, lower division as well as upper level, and research in traditional titration, spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, and chromatography. The green embedding has made chemistry more daily life relevance, and application focus. Our approach has the potential to expand into all STEM fields to make renewable, high-impact education experience for undergraduate students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20analytical%20chemistry" title="green analytical chemistry">green analytical chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pencil%20lead" title=" pencil lead"> pencil lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48969/a-green-analytical-curriculum-for-renewable-stem-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9102</span> Effect of Three Instructional Strategies on Pre-service Teachers’ Learning Outcomes in Practical Chemistry in Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akpokiere%20Ugbede%20Roseline">Akpokiere Ugbede Roseline</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemistry is an activity oriented subject in which many students achievement over the years are not encouraging. Among the reasons found to be responsible for student’s poor performance in chemistry are ineffective teaching strategies. This study, therefore, sought to determine the effect of guided inquiry, guided inquiry with demonstration, and demonstration with conventional approach on pre-service teachers’ cognitive attainment and practical skills acquisition on stoichiometry and chemical reactions in practical chemistry, Two research questions and hypotheses were each answered and tested respectively. The study was a quasi-experimental research involving 50 students in each of the experimental groups and 50 students in the control group. Out of the five instruments used for the study, three were on stimulus and two on response (Test of Cognitive Attainment and Test of Practical Skills in Chemistry) instruments administered, and dataobtained were analyzed with t-test and Analysis of Variance. Findings revealed, among others, that there was a significant effect of treatments on students' cognitive attainment and on practical skills acquisition. Students exposed to guided inquiry (with/without demonstration) strategies achieved better than those exposed to demonstration with conventional strategy. It is therefore recommended, among others, that Lecturers in Colleges of Education should utilize the guided inquiry strategy for teaching concepts in chemistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20strategy" title="instructional strategy">instructional strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practical%20chemistry" title=" practical chemistry"> practical chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcomes" title=" learning outcomes"> learning outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-service%20teachers" title=" pre-service teachers"> pre-service teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150981/effect-of-three-instructional-strategies-on-pre-service-teachers-learning-outcomes-in-practical-chemistry-in-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9101</span> Role of the Marshes in the Natural Decontamination of Surface Water: A Case of the Redjla Marsh, North-Eastern Algerian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Benessam">S. Benessam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Debieche"> T. H. Debieche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Drouiche"> A. Drouiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mahdid"> S. Mahdid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zahi"> F. Zahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marsh is the impermeable depression. It is not very deep and presents the stagnant water. Their water level varies according to the contributions of water (rain, groundwater, stream etc.), when this last reaches the maximum level of the marsh, it flows towards the downstream through the discharge system. The marsh accumulates all the liquid and solid contributions of upstream part. In the North-East Algerian, the Redjla marsh is located on the course of the Tassift river. Its contributions of water come from the upstream part of the river, often characterized by the presence of several pollutants in water related to the urban effluents, and its discharge system supply the downstream part of the river. In order to determine the effect of the marsh on the water quality of the river this study was conducted. A two-monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters and water chemistry of the river were carried out, before and after the marsh, during the period from November 2013 to January 2015. The results show that the marsh plays the role of a natural purifier of water of Tassift river, present by drops of conductivity and concentration of the pollutants (ammonium, phosphate, iron, chlorides and bicarbonates) between the upstream part and downstream of the marsh. That indicates that these pollutants are transformed with other chemical forms (case of ammonium towards nitrate), precipitated in complex forms or/and adsorbed by the sediments of the marsh. This storage of the pollutants in the ground of the marsh will be later on a source of pollution for the plants and river water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marsh" title="marsh">marsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20purification" title=" natural purification"> natural purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20pollution" title=" urban pollution"> urban pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48329/role-of-the-marshes-in-the-natural-decontamination-of-surface-water-a-case-of-the-redjla-marsh-north-eastern-algerian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9100</span> Systematic Exploration and Modulation of Nano-Bio Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing%20Yan">Bing Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanomaterials are widely used in various industrial sectors, biomedicine, and more than 1300 consumer products. Although there is still no standard safety regulation, their potential toxicity is a major concern worldwide. We discovered that nanoparticles target and enter human cells1, perturb cellular signaling pathways2, affect various cell functions3, and cause malfunctions in animals4,5. Because the majority of atoms in nanoparticles are on the surface, chemistry modification on their surface may change their biological properties significantly. We modified nanoparticle surface using nano-combinatorial chemistry library approach6. Novel nanoparticles were discovered to exhibit significantly reduced toxicity6,7, enhance cancer targeting ability8, or re-program cellular signaling machineries7. Using computational chemistry, quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (QNAR) is established and predictive models have been built to predict biocompatible nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotoxicity" title=" nanotoxicity"> nanotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-bio" title=" nano-bio"> nano-bio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-combinatorial%20chemistry" title=" nano-combinatorial chemistry"> nano-combinatorial chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle%20library" title=" nanoparticle library"> nanoparticle library</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22780/systematic-exploration-and-modulation-of-nano-bio-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9099</span> A Highly Sensitive Dip Strip for Detection of Phosphate in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hojat%20Heidari-Bafroui">Hojat Heidari-Bafroui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Charbaji"> Amer Charbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantine%20Anagnostopoulos"> Constantine Anagnostopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Faghri"> Mohammad Faghri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant life which is most frequently found as phosphate in water. Once phosphate is found in abundance in surface water, a series of adverse effects on an ecosystem can be initiated. Therefore, a portable and reliable method is needed to monitor the phosphate concentrations in the field. In this paper, an inexpensive dip strip device with the ascorbic acid/antimony reagent dried on blotting paper along with wet chemistry is developed for the detection of low concentrations of phosphate in water. Ammonium molybdate and sulfuric acid are separately stored in liquid form so as to improve significantly the lifetime of the device and enhance the reproducibility of the device’s performance. The limit of detection and quantification for the optimized device are 0.134 ppm and 0.472 ppm for phosphate in water, respectively. The device’s shelf life, storage conditions, and limit of detection are superior to what has been previously reported for the paper-based phosphate detection devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20detection" title="phosphate detection">phosphate detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper-based%20device" title=" paper-based device"> paper-based device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum%20blue%20method" title=" molybdenum blue method"> molybdenum blue method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorimetric%20assay" title=" colorimetric assay"> colorimetric assay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134960/a-highly-sensitive-dip-strip-for-detection-of-phosphate-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20chemistry&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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