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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>IEC 61400</b> is an international standard published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) regarding <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_function">Purpose and function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IEC 61400 is a set of design requirements made to ensure that wind turbines are appropriately engineered against damage from hazards within the planned lifetime. The standard concerns most aspects of the turbine life from site conditions before construction, to turbine components being tested,<sup id="cite_ref-woeb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woeb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assembled and operated. </p><p>Wind turbines are capital intensive, and are usually purchased before they are being erected and <a href="/wiki/Project_commissioning" title="Project commissioning">commissioned</a>. </p><p>Some of these standards provide technical conditions verifiable by an <a href="/wiki/Certification_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Certification body">independent, third party</a>, and as such are necessary in order to make business agreements so wind turbines can be financed and erected.<sup id="cite_ref-woeb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woeb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IEC started standardizing international certification on the subject in 1995, and the first standard appeared in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-woeb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woeb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The common set of standards sometimes replace the various national standards, forming a basis for global certification.<sup id="cite_ref-woeb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woeb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Small_wind_turbine" title="Small wind turbine">Small wind turbines</a> are defined as being of up to 200 m<sup>2</sup> swept area and a somewhat simplified IEC 61400-2 standard addresses these. It is also possible to use the IEC 61400-1 standard for turbines of less than 200 m<sup>2</sup> swept area. </p><p>The standards for loads and noise are used in the development of prototypes at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98sterild_Wind_Turbine_Test_Field" title="Østerild Wind Turbine Test Field">Østerild Wind Turbine Test Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harmonization">Harmonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Harmonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg/220px-US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg/330px-US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg/440px-US_certification_standards_for_offshore_wind_turbines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>IEC, API, ISO etc. standards used to certify US offshore wind turbines</figcaption></figure> <p>In the U.S., standards are intended to be compatible with IEC standards,<sup id="cite_ref-dodge_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dodge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some parts of 61400 are required documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a> participates in IEC standards development work,<sup id="cite_ref-dodge_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dodge-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tests equipment according to these standards.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For U.S. offshore turbines however, more standards are needed, and the most important are : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> 19900, General requirements for offshore structures</li> <li>ISO 19902, Fixed steel offshore structures</li> <li>ISO 19903, Fixed concrete offshore structures</li> <li>ISO 19904-1, Floating offshore structures – mono-hulls, semisubmersibles and spars</li> <li>ISO 19904-2, Floating offshore structures - tension-leg platforms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute#Standards_and_certification" title="American Petroleum Institute">API</a> RP 2A-WSD, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore steel platforms - working stress design.<sup id="cite_ref-musial_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musial-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In Canada, the previous national standards were outdated and impeded the wind industry, and they were updated and harmonized with 61400 by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Standards_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Standards Association">Canadian Standards Association</a> with several modifications.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An update for IEC 61400 is scheduled for 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For small wind turbines the global industry has been working towards harmonisation of certification requirements with a "test once, certify everywhere" objective. Considerable co-operation has been taking place between UK, USA, and more recently Japan, Denmark and other countries so that the IEC 61400-2 standard as interpreted within e.g. the MCS certification scheme (of UK origin) is interoperable with the USA (for example where it corresponds to an AWEA small wind turbine standard) and other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_Turbine_Generator_(WTG)_classes"><span id="Wind_Turbine_Generator_.28WTG.29_classes"></span>Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wind turbines are designed for specific conditions. During the construction and design phase assumptions are made about the wind climate that the wind turbines will be exposed to. Turbine wind class is just one of the factors needing consideration during the complex process of planning a <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> plant. Wind classes determine which turbine is suitable for the normal wind conditions of a particular site. Turbine classes are determined by three parameters - the average wind speed, extreme 50-year gust, and turbulence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turbulence intensity quantifies how much the wind varies typically within 10 minutes. Because the fatigue loads of a number of major components in a wind turbine are mainly caused by turbulence, the knowledge of how turbulent a site is of crucial importance. Normally the wind speed increases with increasing height due to vertical <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a>. In flat terrain the wind speed increases <a href="/wiki/Logarithmically" class="mw-redirect" title="Logarithmically">logarithmically</a> with height. In complex terrain the wind profile is not a simple increase and additionally a separation of the flow might occur, leading to heavily increased turbulence.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wind Class/Turbulence </th> <th>Annual average wind speed at hub-height </th> <th>Extreme 50-year gust </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ia High wind - Higher Turbulence 18% </td> <td>10 metres per second (36 km/h; 22 mph) </td> <td>70 metres per second (250 km/h; 160 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ib High wind - Lower Turbulence 16% </td> <td>10 metres per second (36 km/h; 22 mph) </td> <td>70 metres per second (250 km/h; 160 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IIa Medium wind - Higher Turbulence 18% </td> <td>8.5 metres per second (31 km/h; 19 mph) </td> <td>59.5 metres per second (214 km/h; 133 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IIb Medium wind - Lower Turbulence 16% </td> <td>8.5 metres per second (31 km/h; 19 mph) </td> <td>59.5 metres per second (214 km/h; 133 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IIIa Low wind - Higher Turbulence 18% </td> <td>7.5 metres per second (27 km/h; 17 mph) </td> <td>52.5 metres per second (189 km/h; 117 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IIIb Low wind - Lower Turbulence 16% </td> <td>7.5 metres per second (27 km/h; 17 mph) </td> <td>52.5 metres per second (189 km/h; 117 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV </td> <td>6.0 metres per second (22 km/h; 13 mph) </td> <td>42 metres per second (150 km/h; 94 mph) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The extreme wind speeds are based on the 3 second average wind speed. Turbulence is measured at 15 m/s wind speed. This is the definition in IEC 61400-1 edition 2. </p><p>For U.S. waters however, several <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a> have already exceeded wind class Ia with speeds above the 70 m/s (156 mph), and efforts are being made to provide suitable standards.<sup id="cite_ref-musial_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musial-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Technischer_%C3%9Cberwachungsverein#TÜV_SÜD" title="Technischer Überwachungsverein">TÜV SÜD</a> developed a standard to simulate a new wind class T1 for tropical cyclones.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_IEC_61400_parts">List of IEC 61400 parts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of IEC 61400 parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IEC 61400-1:2005+AMD1:2010 Design requirements</li> <li>IEC 61400-1:2019 RLV Design requirements (Redline Version)</li> <li>IEC 61400-2:2013 Small wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-3-1:2019 Design requirements for fixed offshore wind turbines</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-3-2:2019 Design requirements for floating offshore wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-4:2012 Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes</li> <li>IEC 61400-5:2020 Wind turbine blades</li> <li>IEC 61400-6:2020 Tower and foundation design requirements</li> <li>IEC 61400-8:2024 Design of wind turbine structural components</li> <li>IEC 61400-11:2012+AMD1:2018 CSV Acoustic noise measurement techniques (Consolidated Version)</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-11-2:2024 Acoustic noise measurement techniques - Measurement of wind turbine sound characteristics in receptor position</li> <li>IEC 61400-12:2022 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines - Overview</li> <li>IEC 61400-12-1:2022 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-12-2:2022 Power performance of electricity producing wind turbines based on nacelle anemometry</li> <li>IEC 61400-12-3:2022 Power performance - Measurement based site calibration</li> <li>IEC TR 61400-12-4:2020 Numerical site calibration for power performance testing of wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-12-5:2022 Power performance - Assessment of obstacles and terrain</li> <li>IEC 61400-12-6:2022 Measurement based nacelle transfer function of electricity producing wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-13:2015+AMD1:2021 CSV Measurement of mechanical loads (Consolidated Version)</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-14:2005 Declaration of apparent sound power level and tonality values</li> <li>IEC 61400-21-1:2019 Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics - Wind turbines</li> <li>IEC 61400-21-2:2023 Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics - Wind power plants</li> <li>IEC TR 61400-21-3:2019 Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics - Wind turbine harmonic model and its application</li> <li>IEC 61400-23:2014 Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades</li> <li>IEC 61400-24:2019 Lightning protection</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-1:2017 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Overall description of principles and models (Redline Version)</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-2:2015 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Information models</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-3:2015 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Information exchange models (Redline Version)</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-4:2016 RLV Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Mapping to communication profile (Redline Version)</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-5:2017 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Conformance testing</li> <li>IEC 61400-25-6:2016 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Logical node classes and data classes for condition monitoring</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-25-71:2019 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants - Configuration description language</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-26-1:2019 Availability for wind energy generation systems</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-26-4:2024 Reliability for wind energy generation systems</li> <li>IEC 61400-27-1:2020 Electrical simulation models - Generic models</li> <li>IEC 61400-27-2:2020 Electrical simulation models - Model validation</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-29:2023 Marking and lighting of wind turbines</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-30:2023 Safety of wind turbine generators - General principles for design</li> <li>IEC TS 61400-31:2023 Siting risk assessment</li> <li>IEC 61400-50:2022 Wind measurement - Overview</li> <li>IEC 61400-50-1:2022 Wind measurement - Application of meteorological mast, nacelle and spinner mounted instruments</li> <li>IEC 61400-50-2:2022 Wind measurement - Application of ground-mounted remote sensing technology</li> <li>IEC 61400-50-3:2022 Use of nacelle-mounted lidars for wind measurements</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400-25" title="IEC 61400-25">IEC 61400-25</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-woeb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-woeb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-woeb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-woeb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-woeb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woebbeking, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gl-group.com/pdf/IEC_TS_61400-22_Woeb.pdf">"IEC TS 61400-22"</a> pages 1-2 and 9 <i><a href="/wiki/Germanischer_Lloyd" title="Germanischer Lloyd">Germanischer Lloyd</a></i>, 2008. Accessed: 12 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512191845/http://www.gl-group.com/pdf/IEC_TS_61400-22_Woeb.pdf">Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sebrochure.dk/DTU_Vindenergi_UK/MailView/">Østerild brochure</a>, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dodge-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dodge_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dodge_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodge, Darrell M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.idworld.net/dmangels/sherwin.htm">"Development of Wind Industry Consensus Standards"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i>, 27 February 1996. Retrieved: 16 August 2012. Quote: "U.S. standards must be compatible with IEC standards"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5435">"IEC 61400-22 Required Design Documentation"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wind.nrel.gov/cert_stds/Certification/certification/iec_1400.html">IEC 61400-22 Required Design Documentation</a> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902112328/http://wind.nrel.gov/cert_stds/Certification/certification/iec_1400.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wind.nrel.gov/cert_stds/Certification/standards/iec_stds.html">NREL's technical role in standards development</a> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609223917/http://wind.nrel.gov/cert_stds/Certification/standards/iec_stds.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrel.gov/wind/accredited_testing.html">"Accredited Testing"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i>. Retrieved: 16 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-musial-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-musial_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-musial_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musial, W. D.; Sheppard, R. E.; Dolan, D.; Naughton, B. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo41492/57880.pdf">Development of Offshore Wind Recommended Practice for U.S. Waters</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1078076">Intro page</a> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i>, April 2013. Accessed: 20 November 2013. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1078076">1078076</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca.energy/files/pdf/eneene/pdf/tirdrdti-eng.pdf">"Updated standards propel wind energy development"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130118063809/http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca.energy/files/pdf/eneene/pdf/tirdrdti-eng.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-01-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page 23, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a></i> 2010. Retrieved: 16 August 2012. Quote: "previous Canadian standards were an impediment to the industry" .. "harmonized them with the IEC standards"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610212457/http://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/sr/index-eng.cfm?searchType=basic&page=1&text=%22Updated+standards+propel+wind+energy+development%22&Submit=Search&language=english">"Search Engine| Natural Resources Canada"</a>. <i>www2.nrcan.gc.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/sr/index-eng.cfm?searchType=basic&page=1&text=%22Updated+standards+propel+wind+energy+development%22&Submit=Search&language=english">the original</a> on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accessed October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windtech-international.com/product-news/tuv-sud-provides-certification-of-wind-turbines-for-regions-impacted-by-tropical-storms">"TÜV SÜD provides certification of wind turbines for regions impacted by tropical storms"</a>. <i>www.windtech-international.com</i>. 8 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.windtech-international.com&rft.atitle=T%C3%9CV+S%C3%9CD+provides+certification+of+wind+turbines+for+regions+impacted+by+tropical+storms&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.windtech-international.com%2Fproduct-news%2Ftuv-sud-provides-certification-of-wind-turbines-for-regions-impacted-by-tropical-storms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIEC+61400" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_61400&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iec.ch/search/?q=61400">"IEC 61400"</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/searchform&q=61400">IEC 61400 Wind turbines - All parts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEC_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60027" title="IEC 60027">60027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60034" title="IEC 60034">60034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60038" title="IEC 60038">60038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">60062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_series_of_preferred_numbers" title="E series of preferred numbers">60063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60068" title="IEC 60068">60068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Tracking_Index" title="Comparative Tracking Index">60112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60228" title="IEC 60228">60228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60269" title="IEC 60269">60269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">60297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60309" title="IEC 60309">60309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">60320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60364" title="IEC 60364">60364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60446" title="IEC 60446">60446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">60559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60601" title="IEC 60601">60601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870" title="IEC 60870">60870</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-5" title="IEC 60870-5">60870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-6" title="IEC 60870-6">60870-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60906-1" title="IEC 60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788" title="ISO/IEC 19788">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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