CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '912ea18c98015d17',cH: 'xEsuXcCQJCvhOsVLMysF2MOkrmqW6x2C92f4s3Q9AVM-1739720373-1.2.1.1-gC2GvvtT.qpr5g8OZt7WWpVPFQw6xlEyxngkhkl40g0.bRJWm6HOPuc9wFX.VFLC',cUPMDTk: "\/10011014\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=iIz1siLB6XMhA9Prxi.KLP9shU442I0xJwd.6H09ttE-1739720373-1.0.1.1-Wme_GkgOmEjY5hGy2nkHMzXkOHQ113MAqoASQsBJ8_A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739720373',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10011014\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=iIz1siLB6XMhA9Prxi.KLP9shU442I0xJwd.6H09ttE-1739720373-1.0.1.1-Wme_GkgOmEjY5hGy2nkHMzXkOHQ113MAqoASQsBJ8_A",md: "qPNFb1Wmxpvb3qgkRPa1iyM10htkr9xCYT0fMcNaqCA-1739720373-1.2.1.1-AUDe7mJhCiRCJSCOpqL_yEDJKfW.0dnD8FtUVmW0cTLyDFZVZKfUlUQJTFxFAtDf_E6feZyofhiFXk.RWNZR.TiMXr6s6QcI6Lh5Vx_0Yy3rzhIVJwIyeXy2Fb1i2bkOdmAmaNERLdQl8aqzQO1xr3ZbXcH5GMsa3Y0y9gpcDb3xhdRSwddVjfy9xyhPJciWO2EunoHym7FOyHvQbe8H3_2A4tt7P2VJCzeAqs54_f9a4a66RaA5e8yH6ICoFpWvhYyw2hb9TIimiL33JWX91IZHjw8f5CzWxAJ5K7PN6PvVfnax7tmxf51tW8P4urL.cfhDEyo5hcepOonflm2tNscvhXGc4oJWbrhEExw8XmFP2ZBYkvDvqnBmi3YVchM1LdhWSvKdsMRODmEOuqLG.eTJQOv8is5yHGlRBfqVAstjwZ73lmXE5A0Hy2v9brpkR6GHWA40He2CqMKZvWjwh0x6TbP5.BzV8gv4aAztug6YQdhqXP7IHk_rOjE5Ytk1lmIafZQZaGtJgqXpeo_Xrpaq0himNCwV2cB57VfIaIjegVNJ1zsnw8LvrGfg5rU21k8Led2sRUPbpY5Imkd6WJtiZ51K3cBG7tcLbr.ofuaYzyjRPJTLMl9VhaFxBdknDDB02mnjMFFdVuC8.hApWEL5RtJGnPvYk0A_daOawcO.D8d7XQvzkJ..X2iPpd5v6eAspSyC2atBL.wkRIuPaST8.t.0LBOkQfLetTrgrtB6LS1WNKoP6VE.6f0h74sBBViuo8ZYfwuS.AZyfHsxfIgWaY2o_HqOqCedLYQpUJgDulDFi1oT0EcCXNyC8B814gTtNZE8NjQytDY6CfpMoV0juYjAFvN9iFIzngzP10lTVzfflIbHKr4Elk5bq_Lq7CDLE8KDxGIJOqFJ1RwoDqLhooVZYoWfAl.wk.6lx01A6fqrqPtOqi4o_jjT5JryALOoxl97V.M1Qr2y3LCp2fhKyAuQa_1ogyxgqMW02xjBdNcPEYOZmJTtDhB8B3ffKpZjvD0THjCLKUwKYVu8e1RxYPOyCwwuZJZRLWgwJEFaRGsaoMg2V.XnuI74Mzgwice0cUipn08t0Rk8d0NdxY0245h7eYaqoDrMJ4nEYmCgtsq5fxJtXBpu5Ay7cxmrTyG3p11qBivNybSIM94wSvvvMHaBo6YaGi9Dw4yaDCKwQC3cFKlx4tqHya2br3K3GBELdn8qnvGf4TYrEqL1XUdkIMCin2ghFsh4_3xZ_RT401uHTL73dGlpgjB2hEa36gcTixzk64Vl4gZslE3nV2oafsLjbpSilOa4HH3APdTR6KyLaqhEZ_vx0CQ8lzgTcpMY2RSpM23AzUgT1VpYuxFzvyeWjWnqL7WDYLuTMsvXEf4VBz_ThlJYJLSjll90bqtW8EL5m2PSg8QtyB9aAFMdlpC9NkLDDI0XOuqiBsRWu9DjtO8h6XNJgryunAxfHWsWYm11hvAA_R4awE5KYDEI6Sh33HnqKKDgZPcfbF7AlNHrTcN3nVwsp81x2eqZyCgf9HuIOLFY_QhNkRbbCL1qWAgOzvVxFzA8N1ap_9u8IaPD2bmrzwK76hsspkYGqKKgG.H1tGZMAyCu30H.Wvw0SdmvwGUYRIC1lgflNbvqUg8lEIZUigCp75XCdvJT3V8zTge_wIwTwZQJpCkktgZhSTpo_X_qHvzcQxh6YV7LouHi6D0hpB5lH50MrlW5IqNmxxOTjRrX1h6oVQIdJOml.OyN2vKw7MYtOTrH95vsZPn0OVZVwel9FgCX0TcZiTaNNP5sazGW9xHRRyemcJlLmsd5nsC2ucuGneQGe0_6IureJeDiUw.7CgRX44po4O0ihiVhs3.VFATQbvLCE4TR1M24YUX3_R_UI9l3j_Y",mdrd: "JBqCCOyBlIvsVizTejZCjkQRaLRzzOiyY6UXOk.iPGg-1739720373-1.2.1.1-4zsg0EkKxNLT7pSg.89rxdY6S6KRJe1.uXNqcMfsLtDq5Eh0dGUmDYrL2e1tUMrkszlt3YbS2dSBwLU5zMTy0vQjzoZJpQLy4dW3gvjcFNxMN.i35ootM4a9ClMiwHMiM_k0pWZyivve.1XBPhNKuHIoPFHl9T9AhyuOBDJ0dENfUe9U9DCjKOVI7wiALlcVw7RI.G7Q9OIXMnrL7CXOte2ZhLTwlqbMqTtq7raUt8HvlAZv0FExbl4xmBk8CzkgWl8AtLCSbCpchw_fkW9XCNyQfG9nhbnurLut93xU02hxgtfZDG3cNGSNTQuxPwtitnouw3Rh7wIgAu.S4LeJZet3f0U7mltmsJ_9WwWqKOV2BKemZJOvDL9vKu08YPPVMwCAnjcaqjrBliGDLYB4EzyTeOqyNKew8mfzXtIdZmAHtn9pBbL7hzKk61egXqg_BMtb15ILNVRZ_FSIXTCQFuKXsWIazNm3J8x0wD.R5KPUxPi._0drlfIrtsPCDKbWypocHd9ztVdFMOeTSEg42upZFjrVKQgJsTmDVQ9zyaPrrk9ur4oQ763L08AwcC0hEH.SF4ujQv5ACoUQw39wMSgsgxBdEZ36n1w_fS1cK80Ea0w2vSoFwqLKajDdjJ_G_KipkSX_zDuXm6S.tCmXABEBt7fQh.q30EsIHCC0iO075yFLeXgdBDKIRBBWGnqnfQsOfM35vhdhGWRBXQc53RPmkk_LBK83QmpgAKxr0Qo1kNfc93w1JGuSKkWVOHOpzLhUUPDOB.uutNkc.IlzaCI3jaX7kXlm0j47f1kx_pROwDsrXZdro0P4IjgNZ9ZY9QfR8TdMUGt3hI6UNconYdJtF91o0MtVzlH3jJigitWTPOtvDgXUjva7yU6BXogKgktC6scmOBJnXxI.YkFgtNbtNzxkPnkxJNHCqQnpEqaLltFFtSAhqXU7yOA943CxUbvlrVjNzgd2UoS3PB1N0JevfVLLbZ5BmX23Vr8BUUhErRMrOwE_SsSgLvn9i_e2AYBhZ5UKb82oekI2thGw7XoxxYariW7r8Ul.34.BBo_Xv1pqy9ykiorGOqml5cugdY1zuxFjUFm6wsYi0dwdhkstb1UpOBSG1.ZTm2cCT9tuaOVxliXY7KScs9BA47KnByz9ShNVcS1srwhcwut4Cb3bRcfF_tUtg5xWWXQAyXlfn_A78rJYRA.8hT7GkledqxQlrYhbktX0GZD5kkibijay3BzajL6pDf5v8UIs23Bz0RbS_Autcx0LMFsUrKTJVCbgxONcIAqGvhhHWYh3zPUNEx4Gu2cm6XZGu2oXqiezvYFWIwWoW3dHWqh4Zcm3ziIttPLm5B.Jn7s8LYf40ZchH9ikQ5aFXT89jWXzazXA4mTvXXrle2T9pHMN7tmoVe3bniMvuZDyZMb03qNtK807rdfikk8LtSVYS5xQo_gSlFn0krhgiwHJOB4FzSbcAJlV3z7bu7EsPChpWmMvusCAKJnuiIhKBYNCjPp8Tc2pPEsit.h7HTnr4gC06yi6alDiUIEommlJ0YuEHmK8CH9bQGE4bYDclO1d4nbT3dBmIPXte71d10zxYO4xsG7l7ZZe_B09Y0BkYUcHk.HHE9dAg2dU03AidymvW7teAMdgyWefyvFym6L7sYN5JEZ3WZQqtqw8YPUKdqqZq4l3hCkWMj2BaIGEWl2YAz_eds1BlZFTVios8tN56eXZ7MXqFuEdr6TYtv3XC0a0BddgTG3t8ykswQyXSBLZFOWgGAYkS_KUybNrpUd4_fFbiQS2ROlwXW2dAYOnoOrqvUv14kWzxohd6dYfz.cQCI22976A1RDySuNa_3Na8UB3rj3NdPYiVWPTtYNT0oVvRuAYov.baut.bvXKb9r7eVinUfhtJLBf2wG.nD5ZNPkb7fYdwp7yzKfdXgTUXohrjMH60wIKVrXUi8PknZoEPsh4EB1_.yIEZdSLjBdtLcjAyQC_"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=912ea18c98015d17';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011014\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=iIz1siLB6XMhA9Prxi.KLP9shU442I0xJwd.6H09ttE-1739720373-1.0.1.1-Wme_GkgOmEjY5hGy2nkHMzXkOHQ113MAqoASQsBJ8_A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>