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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The jalapeño (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌhæləˈpɛnjoʊ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">HAL-ə-PEH-nyoh</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌhɑːləˈpeɪnjoʊ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">HAHL-ə-PAY-nyoh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xalaˈpeɲo]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/11\/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg\/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Jalape\u00f1o.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg" title="File:Jalapeño.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is a medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a> <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">pod type</a> <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> of the species <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PHP-4">[4]</a> A mature jalapeño chili is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>25–38 mm (1–1+1⁄2 in) wide, and hangs down from the plant. The <a href="/wiki/Pungency" title="Pungency">pungency</a> of jalapeño peppers varies, but is usually between 4,000 and 8,500 units on the <a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville scale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-molecules-5">[5]</a> Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar <a href="/wiki/Serrano_pepper" title="Serrano pepper">Serrano pepper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above cultivar" style="background:palegreen;">Jalapeño</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/220px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/330px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/440px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Immature jalapeños still on the plant</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Jalapeño</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Mexico</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilli35.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/66px-Chilli35.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/100px-Chilli35.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/131px-Chilli35.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="151"></a> Hot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville scale</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,000 to 8,500 SHU</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History_and_etymology">1 History and etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cultivation">2 Cultivation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars">2.1 Hybrids and sub-cultivars</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sweet_hybrids">2.2 Sweet hybrids</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Eating_characteristics">3 Eating characteristics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Nutrients">3.1 Nutrients</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Scoville_heat_units">3.2 Scoville heat units</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Serving_methods">3.3 Serving methods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Culinary_concerns">3.4 Culinary concerns</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#In_culture">4 In culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Gallery">5 Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History_and_etymology">History and etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JalapenoPeppers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/220px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/220px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/330px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/440px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Five (5) jalapeño peppers</figcaption></figure> The jalapeño is variously named huachinango, for the ripe red jalapeño, and chile gordo (meaning "fat chili pepper") also known as cuaresmeño.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The name jalapeño is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> for "from <a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a>", the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, Mexico, where the pepper was traditionally cultivated.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Genetic_analysis" title="Genetic analysis">Genetic analysis</a> of Capsicum annuum places jalapeños as a distinct genetic <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> with no close sisters that are not directly derived from jalapeños.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Jalapeños were in use by the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a> prior to the Spanish conquest; <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Florentine_Codex" title="Florentine Codex">Florentine Codex</a> writes of Aztec markets selling <a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">chipotles</a> (smoked jalapeños) and <a href="/wiki/Mole_(sauce)" title="Mole (sauce)">mole</a> made from chipotles, besides the sale of fresh chilies.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The use of peppers in the Americas dates back thousands of years, including the practice of <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">smoking</a> some varieties of peppers in order to preserve them; further well preserved samples and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a> would be needed to determine the usage and existence of the jalapeño clade and pod type into the past.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultivation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In 1999, roughly 43,000 hectares (107,000 acres) of land in Mexico was dedicated to jalapeño production; as of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit">[update]</a>, that had decreased to 41,000 hectares (101,000 acres). Jalapeños account for thirty percent of Mexico's chili production, and while the total land area used for cultivation has decreased, there has been a 1.5% increase in volume yield per year in Mexico due to increasing irrigation, use of greenhouses, better equipment, knowledge, and improved techniques. Because of this, in 2009, 619,000 tons of jalapeños were produced with 42% of the crop coming from <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, 12.9% from <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a>, 6.6% from <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, and 6.3% from <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/La_Coste%C3%B1a_(food_company)" title="La Costeña (food company)">La Costeña</a> controls about 60% of the world market and, according to company published figures, exports 16% of the peppers that Mexico produces, an 80% share of the 20% that Mexico exports in total. The US imports 98% of La Costeña's exports.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a>, since 2010 <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> produces the most jalapeños, followed by <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> - a total of 209,800 tonnes (462.5 million pounds) of peppers in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> It is difficult to get accurate statistics on chilies and specific chilies as growers are not fond of keeping and sharing such data and reporting agencies often lump all green chilies together, or all hot chilies, with no separation of pod type.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In New Mexico in 2002 the crop of jalapeños were worth $3 million at the farm gate and $20 million after processing.<a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> also produce commercial <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chilies</a>, including jalapeños.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/220px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="2022"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/220px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/330px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/440px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Jalapeños grown in an <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> garden. Red jalapeños are used to make <a href="/wiki/Sriracha_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sriracha sauce">sriracha sauce</a>.</figcaption></figure> Jalapeños are a pod type of Capsicum annuum. The growing period is 70–80 days. When mature, the plant stands 70–90 cm (2 ft 4 in – 2 ft 11 in) tall. Typically, a plant produces 25 to 35 pods. During a growing period, a plant will be picked multiple times. As the growing season ends, the peppers turn red, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Sriracha_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sriracha sauce">sriracha sauce</a>. Jalapeños thrive in a number of soil types and temperatures, though they prefer warmer climates, provided they have adequate water. The optimum temperature for seed <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a> is 29 °C (84 °F), with degradation of germination seen above 30 °C (86 °F) and little to no germination occurring at 40 °C (104 °F); at 29 °C (84 °F) the time to 50% germination rate depends on cultivar and seed lot but was tested as being between 4 and 5 days, which is shorter than <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">cayenne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> A <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of 4.5 to 7.0 is preferred for growing jalapeños, and well-drained soil is essential for healthy plants. Jalapeños need at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight per day.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Experiments show that unlike <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell peppers</a> at least 7.5 millimolar (mM) nitrogen is needed for optimal pod production, and 15 to 22 mM nitrogen produces the best result: the plant produces both more leaves and more pods, rather than just more leaves.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Once picked, individual peppers may turn to red of their own accord. The peppers can be eaten green or red. Though usually grown as an annual they are perennial and if protected from frost can produce during multiple years, as with all <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a>. Jalapeños are subject to <a href="/wiki/Root_rot" title="Root rot">root rot</a> and foliar blight, both often caused by <a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_capsici" title="Phytophthora capsici">Phytophthora capsici</a>; over-watering worsens the condition as the fungus grows best in warm wet environments. Crop rotation can help, and resistant strains of jalapeño, such as the 'NuMex Vaquero' and '<a href="/wiki/TAM_Mild_Jalape%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="TAM Mild Jalapeño">TAM Mild Jalapeño</a>', have been and are being bred as this is of major commercial impact throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> As jalapeños are a cultivar, the diseases are common to Capsicum annuum: <a href="/wiki/Verticillium_wilt" title="Verticillium wilt">Verticillium wilt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cercospora_capsici" title="Cercospora capsici">Cercospora capsici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">Powdery mildew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colletotrichum_capsici" title="Colletotrichum capsici">Colletotrichum capsici</a> (Ripe Rot), <a href="/wiki/Erwinia_carotovora" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwinia carotovora">Erwinia carotovora</a> (Soft Rot), <a href="/wiki/Beet_curly_top_virus" title="Beet curly top virus">Beet curly top virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tospovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tospovirus">Tospovirus</a> (Tomato spotted wilt virus), <a href="/wiki/Pepper_mottle_virus" title="Pepper mottle virus">Pepper mottle virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus" title="Tobacco mosaic virus">Tobacco mosaic virus</a>, Pepper <a href="/wiki/Geminiviridae" title="Geminiviridae">Geminiviridae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Root-knot_nematode" title="Root-knot nematode">Root-knot nematode</a> being among the major commercially important diseases.<a href="#cite_note-PHP-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> After harvest, if jalapeños are stored at 7.5 °C (45.5 °F) they have a shelf life of up to 3–5 weeks. Jalapeños produce 0.1–0.2 μL per kg per hour of <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>, very low for chilies, and do not respond to ethylene treatment. Holding jalapeños at 20–25 °C and high humidity can be used to complete the ripening of picked jalapeños. A hot water dip of 55 °C (131 °F) for 4 minutes is used to kill off molds that may exist on the picked peppers without damaging them.<a href="#cite_note-Postharvest-26">[26]</a> The majority of jalapeños are wet processed, canned, or pickled on harvesting for use in mixes, prepared food products, and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(food)" title="Salsa (food)">salsas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars">Hybrids and sub-cultivars</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hybrids and sub-cultivars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are a wide variety of breeds for consumer and commercial use of jalapeño plants. The majority fall under one of four categories: <a href="/wiki/F1_hybrid" title="F1 hybrid">F1 hybrids</a>, where the parent plants have been hand-emasculated and cross-bred to produce uniform offspring with <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vigor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid vigor">hybrid vigor</a>; cultivars which are F-11 or F-12 hybrids or later generations where a stable unique population has been developed; <a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">landraces</a>; and F2 hybrids.<a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17">[17]</a> F1 hybrids produce the highest and most uniform yields but cost 25 times the cost of open-pollinated seed, leading to only 2% of the farmland dedicated to jalapeño cultivation in the United States being planted with F1 hybrids.<a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17">[17]</a> F2 hybrids often produce similarly to F1 hybrids; however, some F1 hybrids are produced via recessive male sterility to eliminate the need to hand-pollinate, reducing the cost to produce the hybrid, but producing a 25% reduction in yield in the F2 generation.<a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17">[17]</a> Some notable F1 hybrids are 'Mitla', 'Perfecto', 'Tula', 'Grande' (a hot jalapeño), 'Sayula', 'Senorita', and 'Torreon', most of them being developed and marketed by Petoseed, a brand of <a href="/wiki/Seminis" title="Seminis">Seminis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Cultivars are researched and created to promote desirable traits. Common traits selected for are resistance to viruses and other pepper-related diseases, milder peppers, early ripening, more attractive fruit in terms of size, wall thickness, and corking, and higher yields.<a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29">[29]</a> The land-grant universities and the <a href="/wiki/Chile_Pepper_Institute" title="Chile Pepper Institute">Chile Pepper Institute</a> promote the use of cultivars as the most sustainable and environmentally safe disease control method both in terms of economics and long-term environmental perspective.<a href="#cite_note-Vaq-30">[30]</a> Notable cultivars include 'Early Jalapeño', 'TAM Mild Jalapeño',<a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29">[29]</a> 'TAM Mild Jalapeño II',<a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29">[29]</a> 'TAM Veracruz', the yellow 'TAM Jaloro',<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> 'NuMex Vaquero',<a href="#cite_note-Vaq-30">[30]</a> the colorful 'NuMex Piñata',<a href="#cite_note-Pin-32">[32]</a> 'TAM Dulcito',<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> 'Waialua',<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hufnagle" title="Bill Hufnagle">Biker Billy</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and 'NuMex Primavera'.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweet_hybrids">Sweet hybrids</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sweet hybrids" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Sweet hybridized varieties have been created with no "heat", although they retain the look and flavor of a jalapeño.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Eating_characteristics">Eating characteristics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eating characteristics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrients">Nutrients</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutrients" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Peppers, jalapeño, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">121.3 kJ (29.0 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">6.50 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.12 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.8 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.37 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.91 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 54 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B1)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.040 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B2)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.070 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B3)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 1.28 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">25%</div> 0.42 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B9)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 27 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">132%</div> 118.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">24%</div> 3.58 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 18.5 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 12 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.25 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 15 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 26 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 248 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.14 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Other constituents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">91.69 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.01g – 6 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168576/nutrients">link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em">†Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-38">[38]</a> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-39">[39]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> A raw jalapeño is 92% water, 6% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and contains negligible <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">100-gram (3+1⁄2 oz) reference serving of raw jalapeños provides 120 kilojoules (29 kcal) of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a> in a moderate amount (table). Other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrients" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronutrients">micronutrients</a> are low in content (table). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoville_heat_units">Scoville heat units</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scoville heat units" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Compared with other chillies, the jalapeño heat level varies from mild to hot depending on cultivation and preparation and can have from a few thousand to over 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville</a> heat units.<a href="#cite_note-molecules-5">[5]</a> The number of scars on the pepper, which appear as small brown lines, called 'corking', has a positive correlation with heat level, as growing conditions which increase heat level also cause the pepper to form scars.<a href="#cite_note-pnas-40">[40]</a> For US consumer markets, 'corking' is considered unattractive; however, in other markets, it is a favored trait, particularly in pickled or oil-preserved jalapeños.<a href="#cite_note-Postharvest-26">[26]</a> The heat level of jalapeños varies even for fruit from the same plant;<a href="#cite_note-molecules-5">[5]</a> however, some cultivars have been bred to be generally milder, and on the low side of the heat range, such as the 'TAM Milds'<a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29">[29]</a> and 'Dulcito', and others to be generally hotter, and on the high end of the heat range, such as 'Grande'. As the peppers ripen their pungency increases, making red jalapeños to be generally hotter than green jalapeños, at least of the same variety. If the jalapeño plants were stressed by increased water salinity, erratic watering, temperature, light, soil nutrition, insects, or illness, this will increase their pungency.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> All of the <a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">capsaicin</a> and related compounds are concentrated in vesicles found in the placenta membrane surrounding the seeds; the vesicles appear white or yellow and fluoresce in the range of 530 to 600 nm when placed in violet light.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-pnas-40">[40]</a> If fresh chili peppers come in contact with the skin, eyes, lips or other membranes, irritation can occur; some people who are particularly sensitive wear latex or vinyl gloves while handling peppers. If irritation does occur, washing the oils off with hot soapy water and applying vegetable oil to the skin may help.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> When preparing jalapeños, it is recommended that hands not come in contact with the eyes as this leads to burning and redness.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serving_methods">Serving methods</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Serving methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/220px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1408"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/220px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/330px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/440px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Jalapeño peppers wrapped in crescent rolls</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Stuffed jalapeños are hollowed-out fresh jalapeños (served cooked or raw) filled with seafood, meat, poultry, or cheese.</li> <li>Pickled jalapeños, a type of <a href="/wiki/Pickled_pepper" title="Pickled pepper">pickled pepper</a>, sliced or whole, are often served hot or cold on top of <a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">nachos</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">tortilla chips</a> with melted cheese on top, a <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a> dish.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotles</a> are <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking (food)">smoked</a> ripe jalapeños.</li> <li>Jalapeño jelly, which is a <a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">pepper jelly</a>, can be prepared using <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jelling</a> methods.</li> <li>Jalapeño peppers are often <a href="/wiki/Muddler" title="Muddler">muddled</a> and served in <a href="/wiki/Mixed_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed drinks">mixed drinks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o_popper" title="Jalapeño popper">Jalapeño poppers</a> are an appetizer; jalapeños are stuffed with cheese, usually cheddar or cream cheese, breaded or wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, and cooked.</li> <li>Armadillo eggs are jalapeños or similar chilis stuffed with cheese, coated in seasoned sausage meat and wrapped in bacon. The "eggs" are then grilled until the bacon starts to crisp.</li> <li>Chiles toreados are fresh jalapeños that are sauteed in oil until the skin is blistered all over. They are sometimes served with melted cheese on top.</li> <li>Texas toothpicks are jalapeños and onions shaved into straws, lightly breaded, and deep-fried.</li> <li>Chopped jalapeños are a common ingredient in many <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">salsas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chilis</a>.</li> <li>Jalapeño slices are commonly served in Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">pho</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">bánh mì</a>, and are also a common sandwich and pizza topping in the West.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_concerns">Culinary concerns</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Culinary concerns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Jalapeños are a low-acid food with a pH of 4.8–6.0 depending on maturity and individual pepper. If canned or pickled jalapeños appear gassy, mushy, moldy, or have a disagreeable odor, then to avoid <a href="/wiki/Botulism" title="Botulism">botulism</a>, special precautions are needed to avoid illness and spread of the bacteria.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Canning or packaging in calcium chloride increases the firmness of the peppers and the calcium content, whether or not the peppers are pickled as well as canned.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2008, fresh jalapeños from Mexico were tested positive for <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a> leading the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> to believe that the peppers were responsible for much of the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_salmonellosis_outbreak" title="2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak">2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak</a>. This large outbreak of Salmonella led to increased research into the detection of pathogens on jalapeños, the frequency and behavior of foodborne illness related to jalapeños, and ways to prevent foodborne illnesses from fresh jalapeños.<a href="#cite_note-frebeh-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-highwash-53">[53]</a> Contaminated irrigation water and processing water are the two most common methods by which jalapeños become contaminated, as was the case in the 2008 outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Jalapeños have similar microbial properties to tomatoes. The outer layer of their skin provides a safe environment for pathogens to survive, and if damaged or chopped provides a growth medium for these pathogens.<a href="#cite_note-frebeh-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-washed-55">[55]</a> Washing fresh jalapeños is important to reduce pathogen counts both at the farm and consumer level, but without cold storage it is insufficient to prevent pathogen spread.<a href="#cite_note-highwash-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-washed-55">[55]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The jalapeño is a Mexican chili but was designated by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas Legislature</a> as the official "State Pepper of Texas" in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In Mexico, jalapeños are used in many forms such as in salsa, pico de gallo, or grilled jalapeños. Jalapeños were included as food on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> as early as 1982.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> recognizes Alfredo Hernandes for the most jalapeños eaten in a minute: 16, on 17 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/La_Coste%C3%B1a_(food_company)" title="La Costeña (food company)">La Costeña</a> Feel the Heat Challenge in Chicago, Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bertoletti" title="Patrick Bertoletti">Patrick Bertoletti</a> holds the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Eating" title="Major League Eating">Major League Eating</a> jalapeño records at 275 pickled jalapeños in 8 minutes on 1 May 2011, and 191 pickled jalapeños in 6.5 minutes on 16 September 2007 in the 'Short-Form'.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Guzmán">Joaquín Guzmán</a>, also known as "El Chapo", the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a>, operated a cannery in Guadalajara producing "Comadre Jalapeños" in order to ship cocaine to the US.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> National Jalapeño Day is September 5th in the United States.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maturing jalapeño in a planter box"><noscript><img alt="Maturing jalapeño in a planter box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/194px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="1596"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 194px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/194px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg" data-alt="Maturing jalapeño in a planter box" data-width="194" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/291px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/387px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maturing jalapeño in a planter box</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:JalapenoStemPod.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A jalapeño plant with pods"><noscript><img alt="A jalapeño plant with pods" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/112px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/112px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG" data-alt="A jalapeño plant with pods" data-width="112" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/169px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/225px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A jalapeño plant with pods</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ripened jalapeños"><noscript><img alt="Ripened jalapeños" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/200px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1356"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/200px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg" data-alt="Ripened jalapeños" data-width="200" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/300px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/400px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ripened jalapeños</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilito_verde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresh sliced jalapeños"><noscript><img alt="Fresh sliced jalapeños" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/200px-Chilito_verde.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/200px-Chilito_verde.jpg" data-alt="Fresh sliced jalapeños" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/300px-Chilito_verde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/400px-Chilito_verde.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresh sliced jalapeños</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a 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title="List of hot sauces">List of hot sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday_Celebration" title="Washington's Birthday Celebration">Washington's Birthday Celebration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, which includes the annual Jalapeño Festival in February</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media 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Government Printing Office. Retrieved 1 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+Printing+Office&rft.atitle=THE+RECENT+SALMONELLA+OUTBREAK%3A+LESSONS+LEARNED+AND+CONSEQUENCES+TO+INDUSTRY+AND+PUBLIC+HEALTH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FCHRG-110hhrg61557%2Fhtml%2FCHRG-110hhrg61557.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-washed-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washed_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-washed_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaoLongKimRafie2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pao, Steven; Long, Wilbert; Kim, Chyer; Rafie, A. Reza (April 2012). "Population Rebound and Its Prevention on Spray Washed and Non-washed Jalapeño Peppers and Roma Tomatoes in Humid Storage". Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 9 (4): 361–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Ffpd.2011.1051">10.1089/fpd.2011.1051</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22394024">22394024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+Pathogens+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Population+Rebound+and+Its+Prevention+on+Spray+Washed+and+Non-washed+Jalape%C3%B1o+Peppers+and+Roma+Tomatoes+in+Humid+Storage&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=361-366&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Ffpd.2011.1051&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22394024&rft.aulast=Pao&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Long%2C+Wilbert&rft.au=Kim%2C+Chyer&rft.au=Rafie%2C+A.+Reza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923200507/http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/Resources/StateSymbols.aspx">"State symbols: Texas Legislature Online"</a>. capitol.state.tx.us. Texas Legislature. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/Resources/StateSymbols.aspx">the original</a> on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015. <q>the designation of the jalapeno as the official State Pepper of Texas will provide suitable recognition for this delicious and indispensable staple of Texas cuisine</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capitol.state.tx.us&rft.atitle=State+symbols%3A+Texas+Legislature+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitol.state.tx.us%2FResources%2FStateSymbols.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStadlerRappBourlandFohey1988" class="citation web cs1">Stadler, Connie R.; Rapp, Rita M.; Bourland, Charles T.; Fohey, Michael F. (December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19890005322.pdf">"Space Shuttle Food-System Summary 1981 - 1986; page; 34-1"</a> (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Shuttle+Food-System+Summary+1981+-+1986%3B+page%3B+34-1&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1988-12&rft.aulast=Stadler&rft.aufirst=Connie+R.&rft.au=Rapp%2C+Rita+M.&rft.au=Bourland%2C+Charles+T.&rft.au=Fohey%2C+Michael+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19890005322.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-jalapeno-chilli-peppers-eaten-in-one-minute">"Most jalapeno chilli peppers eaten in one minute"</a>. guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guinnessworldrecords.com&rft.atitle=Most+jalapeno+chilli+peppers+eaten+in+one+minute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Fmost-jalapeno-chilli-peppers-eaten-in-one-minute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.majorleagueeating.com/records.php">"Records"</a>. majorleagueeating.com. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=majorleagueeating.com&rft.atitle=Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.majorleagueeating.com%2Frecords.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefe2012" class="citation web cs1">Keefe, Patrick Radden (15 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/17/magazine/how-a-mexican-drug-cartel-makes-its-billions.html?_r=0">"Cocaine Incorporated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 19 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cocaine+Incorporated&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Radden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F17%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-a-mexican-drug-cartel-makes-its-billions.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/jalapeño">jalapeño</a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalapeño&oldid=1257947120">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalapeño&oldid=1257947120</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 17 November 2024, at 10:19 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالبينو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالبينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Халапеньо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халапеньо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χαλαπένιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλαπένιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_jalape%C3%B1o" title="Chile jalapeño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chile jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4alapenjokapsiko" title="Ĥalapenjokapsiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥalapenjokapsiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالاپینو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالاپینو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment_jalape%C3%B1o" title="Piment jalapeño – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piment jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemento_xalape%C3%B1o" title="Pemento xalapeño – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pemento xalapeño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%98%EB%87%A8%EA%B3%A0%EC%B6%94" title="할라페뇨고추 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할라페뇨고추" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Հալապենյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալապենյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95" title="חלפניו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלפניו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalap%C3%A9%C3%B1o" title="Jalapéño – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jalapéño" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ಹಾಲಪೇನ್ಯೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಲಪೇನ್ಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_Xalapense" title="Capsicum Xalapense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capsicum Xalapense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A" title="ഹലപീനൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹലപീനൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالبينو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هالبينو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A7" title="ハラペーニョ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハラペーニョ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta-jalapenho" title="Pimenta-jalapenho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pimenta-jalapenho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Халапеньо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Халапеньо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%BE" title="Халапењо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халапењо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapeno" title="Jalapeno – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalapeno" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8D" title="ฆาลาเปญโญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฆาลาเปญโญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Халапеньйо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Халапеньйо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92" title="墨西哥辣椒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墨西哥辣椒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 10:19 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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